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F. Ronald Denham, ChairWater & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group,
October 2012
Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs
Fewer than 30% of hand pumps still function after fiveyears (UNICEF study)
Many biosand filters no longer effective after six months (UNC study) Uganda National Development Plan states functionality of rural water
systems in western region is less than 50% A large number of Rotary water projects described as “rehabilitation”
implies failure of original investment
Background
Many humanitarian undertakings fail to deliver on their promise:
“Of 2000 wells drilled in this country during the past five years, fewer than 1000 still operate.” (Director of Water, Government of Ghana)
Major water kiosk initiative in Abidjan a failure – none of the kiosks still function
Piped water systems destroyed by theft of valves, connectors, etc.
Background
sus.tain’abil’i.ty - nouncontinuity of service over a period of time; permanent beneficial change
Many other anecdotes imply millions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of hours wasted in non-sustainable WASH initiatives:
Many possible causes of failure:No sense of “community ownership” Failure to build on, complement, local culture and values. Community cannot afford on-going costTechnology inappropriateConstruction quality compromisedOver-extraction, failure to re-charge water tableInadequate training , lack of trained peopleNo systematic monitoring of process, and feedback
Background
Many of these causes stem from a limited vision of the project as an end in itself, not as an integral part of a broader, holistic program:
Provide a water well for community in El SalvadorProvide water tanks for 160 houses in BrazilProvide five boreholes to community in Burkina FasoProvide a pipeline for village in KenyaProvide reinforced concrete cistern
Background
Envisage the typical Rotary WASH project
ActivityInputs
• International partner R.C. decides to do a WASH project
• Contacts Host club
• Request Matching Grant
• Agreement with local NGO/CBO
• Invite local community input
Output
Results
The focus is on the activity
• Dig well
• Supply filter
• Construct latrine
• Install RWH
• Drill borehole
• Build dams
ActivityInputsOutput
Results
Hoping for these outputs or results:
• Safe, clean water
• Functioning latrine
• Saving the rainwater
• Local access to water
• Dam completed
• Sanitation facility
ActivityInputsOutput
Results
But the community is expecting much more, a program
having a significant impact on their life and livelihood:
Socioeconomic
goals - visionInputs Activity Outcomes Impacts
Project
Program
Output
Results
It implies a broader scope:
Project
• Community development• Financial management• Behaviour change• Training, skill development• Capacity building• Commercial channels• Local authorities• NGOs• etc.
Integrate with complementaryfunctions
And an extended time horizon:
Project • Vision for community• Feedback• Mid-course correction• Adapt to change• Integrated learnings• Life cycle costing• Valid business case• Appropriate metrics • Community development
• Financial management• Behaviour change• Training, skill development• Capacity building• Commercial channels• Local authorities• NGOs• etc.
Extend time horizon
Integrate with complementaryfunctions
To develop an integrated, holistic program having real impact on the people and their community:
Project • Vision for community• Feedback• Mid-course correction• Adapt to change• Integrated learnings• Life cycle costing• Valid business case• Appropriate metrics • Community development
• Financial management• Behaviour change• Training, skill development• Capacity building• Commercial channels• Local authorities• NGOs• etc.
Integrated Program!
Extend time horizon
Integrate with complementaryfunctions
A sustainable program implies a more rigorous start-up:
Activity OutcomesInputs
• The community• Baseline data• Collaborators/partners:
- Host & International RCs - TRF
- NGOs - Local authority - Outside funders
• Skills/know-how - Technology - Facilitation
• Regulations, policies• Environmental Issues• Gender issues
Output
ResultsImpacts
And much more emphasis on “software”:
Activity Outcomes ImpactsInputs
• Create teams• Build capacity• Needs assessment • Identify appropriate technologies• Life-cycle costing/affordability• Design/plan project• Build, construct, implement• Identify business opportunities• Design monitoring systems
Output
Results
The outputs are the means to deliver sustainability
Activity Outcomes ImpactsInputs
• Functioning system• Appropriate tariff structure• Management structure & processes• Valid quality & performance measures• Adequate flow of funds • WASH people trained, empowered and
accept responsibility• Viable business enterprise
Output
Results
The focus of the program should be tangible outcomes over time:
Activity Outcomes ImpactsInputs
• Community of people capable of making change for the better
• Women create economic value• Better attendance at schools
especially girls• Business and commercial activity• Better health, less disease • Feedback on performance• Advocacy for change
Output
Results
The community should have the capacity to sustain growth and improvement in life and livelihood:
Activity Outcomes ImpactsInputs
• A basis for other programs (education, health, etc.)
• Reduction of poverty• Food security• Less conflict• Enhanced economic value
Output
Results
Entire community moves up the ladder of self-improvement and sustainability
Programs are more than just “Big Projects” - there are fundamental differences:
Outcomes, community impact
5 – 10 years
Long-term commitment
Major international agencies,
Private sector investment
Professional, full-time, train and leverage volunteers
“Owns” the program
Empowered
Delegation to field to permit flexibility, responsiveness
Accountable for achieving outcomes
Programs
Focus
Management
Duration
Funding
CommunityInvolvement
Decision making & control
We will soon eradicate Polio.
The world sees Rotary as a leading humanitarian organization. “What’s next?”. Small projects will never sustain Rotary’s image. Significant, global programs in the Areas of Focus will build on that
image and strengthen the Rotary brand. “Think Programs” should become our new mantra.
Conclusions
Wasrag is here to support that mission