F OReilly- Avicena y La Propuesta de Una Antropologia Aristotleico-neoplatonica (2010)

8/2/2019 F OReilly- Avicena y La Propuesta de Una Antropologia Aristotleico-neoplatonica (2010)

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F_HLG@WGN N_A@BBP

HV@GALH P BH U_NUQAWSH CA QLHHLS_NUNBNIH H_@WSNSB@GN$UBHSL@GH

@LS_NCQGG@L H BNW SAZSNW

Gqhcarlnw ca Hlqhr`n F`bnwf`gn


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GQHCA_LNW CA HLQH_@N F@BNWF@GN WA_@A QL@VA_W@SH_@H

liab Bq`w Inl}ba}C@_AGSN_

Hiqwsl Agjhvhrrh

WAG_ASH_@N

@WWL 8879$?896Cauw`sn Baihb= LH zzzz $zzzz

Uhdubnlh

L ?8:= Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp" Hv`galh p bh urnuqawsh ca qlh hlsrnunbnihhr`wsnsb`gn$lanubhsl`gh

?585, Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp

_achgg`l" hcd`l`wsrhg`l p uas`g`l ca amadubhrawGQHCA_LNW CA HLQH_@N F@BNWF@GN

Cauhrshdalsn ca F`bnwnfhQl`varw`chc ca Lhvhrrh785:5 Uhdubnlh *Wuh`l)

jssu=..yyy,qlhv,aw.f`bnwnf`h.uqob`ghg`nlaw.gqhcarlnw.war`aql`varw`shr`h.A$dh`b= gqhcarlnwEqlhv,aw

Sabfnln= 03: 3? 16 55 *azs, ?786)Fhz= 03: 3? 16 76

WA_V@G@N CA UQOB@GHG@NLAW CA BH QL@VA_W@CHC CA LHVH__H, W,H,

]@Q_ LHVH__H Unbinln lcqwsr hb, Ghbba N" l 73, Dqs bvh Ohmh, Lhvhrrh


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[Hl`dhT aws `l jnr`}nlsahasarl`shs`w `lfar`qw as wqurh saduqw

*Bòar ca Ghqw`w8)

wgàls`h ca hl`dh aws gars`ww`dh" xqnc qlqwxq`wxqa `lwaùwn azuar`sqr wa hl`dhd jhoara" as hgsqw hl`dha wò``lawwa; wac gnilnwgara xq`c w`s hl`dh" c`ff`g`bb`dqd aws;qlca uj`bnwnujqw ò`cad wqo`qli`s" xqnc ndl`ln c`ff`$g`bb`dnrqd aws hggùara hb`xqhd f`cad ca ùwh,

*Sndw ca Hxq`ln" Ca var`shsa?)

8 Bòar ca Ghqw`w" IQ@BH _Q@]" _ *ac,)" Ql`varw`chc cab Uhw Vhwgn" O`bohn" ?558" @@" ??= [abhbdhT aws al ab jnr`}nlsa `lfar`nr ca bh asarl`chc p aw wquar`nr hb sàdun,

? WHLSN SNDW CA HXQ@LN" Ca var`shsa" x85" h:" hc wg:= Bh gàlg`h wnora ab hbdh awgàrsw`dh" unr gqhlsn ghch qln azuar`dalsh al w d`wdn xqa sàla hbdh p xqa bnw hgsnw cabhbdh awsl al b; uarn gnlngar xq wah ab hbdh aw c`f`g`bw`dn, Unr awn ab F`bwnfn al ab d`wdnbqihr xqa hhca= aw hownbqshdalsa c`fg`b unwaar hbiqlh gnlf`hl}h hgargh ca abbh, Gfr,H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @" 8" 35?" h 85,


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LC@GA

@LS_NCQGG@L ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9

UH_SA @= CA H_@WSSABAW H HBFH_HO@, _AGN__@CN P S_HLWFN_DHG@L CABH UW@GNBNIH H_@WSNSB@GH AL AB DQLCN _HOA

U_AWALSHG@L ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,81

@, BHW FQALSAW HLS@IQHW AL AB DQLCN _HOA ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,89

8, AbCa hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,89

h) Gdn awsqc`h Hr`wssabaw ab hbdh> ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,89o) Bh cnznirhfh p bh caf`l`g`l cab hbdh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8:

g) Bh lhsqrhba}h cab hbdh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?8

?, Bh Sanbnih ca Hr`wssabaw n ab Ubns`ln rhoa ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?6

h) Bh grs`gh ca Ubns`ln h Hr`wssabaw,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?0

o) Bh cngsr`lh cab hbdh al ab Ubns`ln rhoa ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,75

g) Bh rabhg`l hbdh$gqarun p ab f`l cab jndora ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,71

@@, BHW U_@DA_HW _AGAUG@NLAW CA BHW FQALSAW ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,70

8, Hbk`lc` p bh ur`darh abhonrhg`l rhoa ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,70

h) Bh caf`l`g`l cab hbdh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,35

o) Bh lhsqrhba}h p f`l cab hbdh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3?

?, Hbfhrho`" ab Dhawsrn Waiqlcn,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,33

h) Bh lhsqrhba}h cab hbdh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 31

@@@, GNLGBQW@L ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,17


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lc`ga6

UH_SA @@= CA HV@GALH H IQLC@WHBVN, BH WLSAW@W HV@GAL@HLH P BHU_@DA_H _AGAUG@L BHS@LH

U_AWALSHG@L ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,10

@V, HV@GALH P BH WLSAW@W CAB WJ@FH ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,68

8, Bh caf`l`g`l cab hbdh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,63h) Bh uarwuags`vh ca bh uraiqlsh unr ab hbdh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,63

o) Bh av`calg`h cab ur`lgù`n v`shb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,66

g) Ab hbdh gndn uarfagg`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6:

c) Ab jndora vnbhlsa p bh awalg`h cab hbdh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9?

?, Bh rabhg`l hbdh$gqarun,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,91

h) Wnora bh `dunwò b`chc ca bh uraaz`wsalg`h cab hbdh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,91

o) Ab gqarun gndn ur`lgù`n ca `lc`v`cqhg`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:5

g) Wnora bh `ldnrshb`chc cab hbdh p bh uardhlalg`h ca bnw afagsnw cabgqarun ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :7

V, IQLC@WHBVN P BH _AGAUG@L CA BH HLS_NUNBNIH H_@WSNSB@GH$_HOA

8, Iqlc`whbvn= hqsnr n ragnu`bhcnr>,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:0

h) Fa p rh}l gndn gbhva ca bh nrì`lhb`chc ca Iqlc`whbvn ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0?

?, Bh caf`l`g`l cab hbdh gndn wlsaw`w ubhsl`gn$hr`wsnsb`gh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,03

h) Bh az`wsalg`h cab hbdh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 03

o) Ab hbdh gndn wqwshlg`h,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,06

7, Ab f`l cab hbdh p bh wlsaw`w f`bnwf`gn$rabì`nwh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,00

h) Bh grahg`l d`l`wsar`hb p ab gndàl}n cab hbdh jqdhlh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,00

o) Bh awalg`h cab hbdh jqdhlh p wq f`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,857

V@, GNLGBQW@L F@LHB ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,859


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@LS_NCQGG@L

Bnw awsqc`nw wnora bh g`v`b`}hg`l rhoa$dqwqbdhlh jhl avnbqg`nlhcngnlw`carhobadalsa al bnw bs`dnw gàlsn g`lgqalsh hnw8, Awsn wa jh urn$cqg`cn ca shb dncn xqa camh ca war vb`ch bh gnlgaug`l" c`fqlc`ch cqrhlsahbil sàdun" ca xqa bnw hqsnraw rhoaw fqarnl darnw hdhlqalwaw xqagnlwarvhrnl bnw sazsnw iràinw uhrh xqa dw shrca bnw `lsabagsqhbaw bhs`lnwuqcàrhl cawhrrnbbhrbnw" uhrh uhwhr h war gnlw`carhcnw gndn hqsnraw xqabnirhrnl cawubaihr qlh cngsr`lh urnu`h urncqgsn ca bh fqw`l ca bh who`cqrhiràih mqlsn gnl bhw srhc`g`nlaw urnu`hw ca qlh g`v`b`}hg`l rabì`nwh,

Wa uqaca cag`r xqa bh norh ca H, Mnqrch`l wnora ab nrìal p qo`ghg`l j`w$sr`gh ca bhw srhcqgg`nlaw bhs`lhw ca Hr`wssabaw" aw bh uragqrwnrh" hb hcvars`rbh lagaw`chc ca awsqc`hr ab ualwhdàlsn rhoa uhrh bnirhr gnduralcar ca qlh

dhlarh dw gndubash ab ualwhdàlsn aqrnuan cab wìbn Z@@@ ?, H bh va}"gndn `lc`gh _, _hdl Iqarrarn" ab ualwhdàlsn rhoa sàla al dqgjnw gh$wnw wq gqbd`lhg`l a `lsarw al ab dqlcn bhs`ln, Bh f`bnwnfh rhoa" uqaw" lnwbn ngquh ql bqihr al bh j`wsnr`h cab ualwhdàlsn f`bnwf`gn unr wq urnu`n`lsarw" w`ln shdo`l" p wnora sncn" unr ab xqa cawuars al ab dqlcn da$càvhb bhs`ln p" unr shlsn" al ab ualwhdàlsn aqrnuan unwsar`nr, Bh j`wsnr`h caawsa ualwhdàlsn ln uqaca awgrò`rwa w`l salar al gqalsh h hxqabbh7,

Qln ca bnw `duhgsnw p srhlwfnrdhg`nlaw wìl`f`ghs`vnw aw ab xqa wa urn$cqga al bh abhonrhg`l rhoa ca bh uw`gnbnih, Shb aw hw xqa qlh ca bhwbs`dhw wlsaw`w aw bh cawhrrnbbhch unr Hv`galh xqàl" wìqàlcn bh awgqabh

8 Wnora bh avnbqg`l ca bh j`wsnr`nirhfh ca f`bnwnfh rhoa" gfr, I QSHW" C," Sja Wsqcp nfHrho`g Uj`bnwnujp `l sja Syalsàsj Galsqrp= Hl Awwhp nl sja J`wsnr`nirhujp nf Hrho`gUj`bnwnujp"Or`s`wj Mnqrlhb nf D`ccba Ahwsarl Wsqcàw" ?0"8 *?55?)" uu, 1$?1,

? Gfr, MNQ_CH@L" H, _agjargjaw gr`s`xqaw wqr bia as bnrì`la caw srhcqgs`nlw bhs`lawcHr`wsnsa as wqr caw gnddalsh`raw iragw nq hrhoaw adubnpw uhr baw cngsaqrw wgnbhws`xqaw"lnqv, ac, uhr MNQ_CH@L" GJ, Uhr`w" 8:37; ra`duraw`l fhgw`d`bhr" Oqrs Frhlkb`l _aur`lsw" LayPnrk" 8093" u, ?86,

7 _HDL IQA__A_N" _," Bh ragaug`l rhoa cab Ca hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw= Hb$K`lc` p Hb$Fhrho`" GW@G" Dhcr`c" 800?" uu, 89$8:,


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Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp:

jabl`gh `wbd`gh ca Hbk`lc` p Hbfhrho`" cawhrrnbbh qlh hlsrnunbnih al bhxqa fqw`nlh bnw ur`lgù`nw lanubhsl`gnw gnl bnw hr`wsnsb`gnw, Ab Ca hl`dhca Hv`galh war bh ur`darh norh ca gnrsa hr`wsnsb`gn xqa var bh bq} al abdqlcn bhs`ln al ab wìbn Z@@3, Bh fqar}h cab `duhgsn ca bh sadurhlh srh$cqgg`l cabCaHl`dh ca Hv`galh fqa cnoba; unr wq `dunrshlg`h `lsrlwagh pwq gnjaralg`h cngsr`lhb p unrxqa lhch wadamhlsa al ghb`chc unwah bh aw$gnbws`gh bhs`lh jhwsh ab gnlng`dàlsn ca awsh norh1,

Bh `cah ca bh urawalsa `lvawsìhg`l aw dnwsrhr ca xq dncn bh hlsrn$

unbnih hr`wsnsb`gh wa va srhlwfnrdhch cqrhlsa wq srlw`sn unr ab dqlcn rh$oa; war awsh srhlwfnrdhg`l xqa j`}n hb Hr`wssabaw rhoa dw garghln h bnw`lsarawaw ca bnw hqsnraw rabì`nwnw, Uhrh abbn wa azub`ghr bh ilaw`w ca awshsrhlwfnrdhg`l ca bh f`bnwnfh hr`wsnsb`gh" uhrh gnlgbq`r dnwsrhlcn ab dncnal ab gqhb fqa urawalshcn al ab dqlcn bhs`ln,

- - -

Bnw awsqc`nw wnora ab jndora urawalshl qlh cnoba uarwuags`vh= wq c`$dalw`l awu`r`sqhb p wq c`dalw`l gnrunrhb, P w` caoadnw ualwhr al cnw hq$snraw xqa jhphl awsqc`hcn h fnlcn hbiqln ca awnw hwuagsnw uncrhdnw cag`rxqa Ubhsl p Hr`wssabaw wa urawalshl gndn ab uhrhcìdh ca ghch qlh caabbhw, Ca awsa dncn" Ubhsl jhorh `lchihcn wnora ab nrìal c`v`ln cab jnd$

ora" alwahlcn qlh gnlgaug`l awu`r`sqhb`wsh cab hbdh" w`l urawshr `dunrshl$g`h h wq rahb`chc gnrunrhb" urncqgàlcn awsn gndn gnlwagqalg`h bh hf`rdh$g`l ca bh awu`r`sqhb`chc cab hbdh; uarn unr nsrn bhcn wa hf`rdh ql cqhb`wdnalsra gqarun p hbdh, Hr`wssabaw" al ghdo`n" al wq srhshcn wnora ab hbdh"dqawsrh qlh `lvawsìhg`l wnora bh lhsqrhba}h jqdhlh uhrsàlcn cawca bhav`calg`h ca bh az`wsalg`h ca bnw waraw v`vnw" `lvawsìhlcn sncn hxqabbn xqasaladnw al gndl alsra bnw waraw hl`dhcnw, Hw" ab Ca hl`dh wa urawalshgndn qlh gnls`lqhg`l ca bnw awsqc`nw ca bh Fw`gh; h bn bhrin ca wq azun$w`g`l aw gbhrn al bn rafaralsa h bh ql`l wqwshlg`hb alsra hbdh p gqarun" w`ladohrin" aw hdoìqn p nwgqrn al wq gnlgaug`l wnora bh lhsqrhba}hawu`r`sqhb cab hbdh,

3 Gfr, JHWWA" C, J," Hv`gallhw Ca Hl`dh `l sja Bhs`l Yaws" Sja Fnrdhs`nl nf h Uarùhsas`gUj`bnwnujp nf sja Wnqb 8865$8755" Sja Yhroqri @lws`sqsa .L`ln Hrhiln Ac`snra" Bnlcnl$Snr`ln" ?555, Wnora bh c`wd`lqg`l cab qwn cab Ca hl`dh hv`gal`hlh gfr, JHWWA" C, J,"Hr`wsnsba varwqw Urniraww= Sja Cagb`la nf Hv`gallhw Ca hl`dh hw h Dncab fnr Uj`bnwn$uj`ghb Uwpgjnbnip `l sja Bhs`l Yaws"D`wgabbhlah Dacàvhb`h" ?6 *800:)" uu, :98$::9,

1 G_Q] JA_LLCA]" D," Whlsn Sndw p bh ur`darh ragalw`l ca Hvarrnaw unr bnw bhs`lnw" Hss`cab Gnlirawwn `lsarlh}`nlhba Snddhwn cHxq`ln lab wqn V@@ galsalhr`n " Cndal`ghla"Lhunb`" 8096" vnb @" u, 783,


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@lsrncqgg`l 0

Bnw ur`darnw hqsnraw gr`ws`hlnw" al ab dndalsn ca ragò`r bh who`cqrh cabnw iràinw a `lsalshr rahb`}hr bhw ur`darhw wlsaw`w cab gnlsal`cn ca bh fa gnlbhw wad`bbhw cab Varon xqa jhohl algnlsrhcn al bnw hqsnraw gbw`gnw nushlunr waiq`r bh uarwuags`vh ubhsl`gh" chcn xqa bh c`dalw`l awu`r`sqhb cabjndora rawqbsh dw `dunrshlsa xqa wq ql`l wqwshlg`hb, Shb aw hw xqa Hr`w$ssabaw cawhuhraga ca bh awgalh ca bnw srhshcnw wnora bh lhsqrhba}h jqdhlhngg`calshbaw, H uhrs`r ca abbn wqria bh uraiqlsh xqa wa jhga I`bwnl= Gdnwa azub`gh xqa cawuqw ca jhoar waiq`cn shlsn sàdun bh srhc`g`l ubhsl`gh"

bnw f`bwnfnw gr`ws`hlnw gacàrhl urniraw`vhdalsa h bh `lfbqalg`h gragàlsa caHr`wssabaw" p cawuqw ca dqgjhw vhg`bhg`nlaw caf`làrhl ab hbdh gndn bhfnrdh cab gqarun>6,

Bh rawuqawsh xqa ch ab urawsì`nwn dacàvhb`wsh frhlgw huqlsh hb rnb ca bhravabhg`l" unlàlcn lfhw`w al bh ravabhg`l avhlib`gh p bh whbvhg`l`lc`v`cqhb,

Ln ghoa l`liqlh cqch xqa bh lnvachc ca bh rabì`l urawalsh qlh uarw$uags`vh rhc`ghbdalsa c`ws`lsh h bh xqa wa algqalsrh al bnw hqsnraw iràinw9,W`l adohrin" uhraga salar ql uawn `dunrshlsa ab faldaln ca bh `lgnr$unrhg`l ca bnw hqsnraw rhoaw" xqàlaw urawalshl qlh lqavh wlsaw`w xqa uar$d`sa hf`rdhr xqa bh `lgnrunrhg`l ca Hr`wssabaw ln fqa unr dr`sn azgbqw`vn

ca wq norh, Ab Awshi`r`sh ln alsrhr al ngg`calsa al bhw basrhw ca wqw urnu`hwnorhw" w`ln radalchcn al bh uagqb`hr wlsaw`w hv`gal`hlh gqpnw gnlsal`cnwjhohl w`cn dnc`f`ghcnw uhrh war gnjaralsaw gnl bh fa `wbd`gh *rahb`chc cahbiqlh dhlarh hlbnih al dqgjnw gnlsal`cnw cab gr`ws`hl`wdn),

- - -

Bh `lvawsìhg`l wa c`v`ca al cnw uhrsaw" ghch qlh ca abbhw gnduqawsh unrcnw ghusqbnw, Al bh ur`darh uhrsa" dnwsrhdnw bh cngsr`lh hr`wsnsb`gh al bnxqa wa rafàra h bh caf`l`g`l p lhsqrhba}h cab hbdh, Hbb oravadalsa wa rafa$r`r hb wqgawn cab algqalsrn ca Ladaw`n ca Adawh gnl bh norh ca Hr`wssabaw,Al ql waiqlcn dndalsn" al awsa ur`dar ghusqbn" urawalshradnw bh uagqb`hrfqalsa lanubhsl`gh xqa gnlsàla ab gnruqw hr`wsnsb`gn rhoa= bh Sanbnih ca

Hr`wssabaw, Awsh norh" xqa ph wa jh `cals`f`ghcn gnl uhwhmaw ca bh Alhchwca Ubns`ln" ln wnbn wa urawalsh gndn norh cab Awshi`r`sh" w`ln xqa al bh d`w$dh srhcqgg`l urawalsh gàrshw dnc`f`ghg`nlaw xqa uard`sal ca hbil dncn

6 I@BWNL"A,"Ab awur`sq ca bh F`bnwnfh Dacàvhb" Adag" Oqalnw H`raw" 801?" u, 89:,9 Wnora bh `dunrshlg`h ca bh ravabhg`l al bh avnbqg`l ca bh dashfw`gh gfr, KHJL" Gj," Yjp

Az`wsalga cnaw lns adaria hw h c`ws`lgs gnlgaus `l Iraak uj`bnwnujp" al DN_AYACIA" U,*ac,)" Uj`bnwnujàw nf Az`wsalga, Hlgàls hlc Dacàvhb" Fnrcjhd Ql`varw`sp Uraww" LayPnrk" 80:?" uu, 9$89,


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Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp85

rahb`}hr qlh wlsaw`w alsra bhw cngsr`lhw ca hdonw hqsnraw, Wa cawhrrnbbhrhxq shdo`l bh gnlgaug`l cab hbdh xqa wa urawalsh" p bh uagqb`hr `lsar$urashg`l lanubhsl`gh ca bh caf`l`g`l hr`wsnsb`gh gbw`gh ca hbdh, War awshcngsr`lh bh fqalsa fqlchdalshb ca bhw `lsarurashg`nlaw lanubhsl`ghw ca bhnorh hr`wsnsb`gh" p unr nsrn bhcn aw al awsh uagqb`hr`chc cawca cnlca adhlhbh gbhva ca bh `lsarurashg`l ca bnw nsrnw hqsnraw xqa wa urawalshl,

Al ql waiqlcn ghusqbn wa azunlcrl bhw cnw ur`darhw wlsaw`w rahb`}hchwunr bnw cnw hqsnraw dqwqbdhlaw ur`lgùhbaw ca bh ur`darh fhbwhbfh, Hbk`lc`"

al ur`dar bqihr" dàdorn cab grgqbn ca `lsabagsqhbaw ca Ohichc cnlca wajhoh iawshcn bh srhcqgg`l ca bh norh lanubhsl`gh; alsqw`hwdhcn unr bhlqavh gàlg`h bbaihch ca bnw iràinw `lsalsh `lsairhr ab whoar ca dhlarhc`ragsh al ab gnlsal`cn ca bh fa" urawalshlcn qlh uagqb`hr wlsaw`w hgargh cabhbdh, Unr nsrn bhcn" Hbfhrho` oqwgh chr `lcaualcalg`h h bhw `lvawsìhg`nlawf`bnwf`ghw ca hxqabbn xqa vàla chcn unr bh fa" ca awsa dncn `lsalshr hua$ihrwa hb gnlsal`cn ca bnw sazsnw cab Awshi`r`sh, W`l adohrin" bh uagqb`hr`chchrròh `lc`ghch cab gnruqw hr`wsnsb`gn ph gndàl}h h chr wqw frqsnw" p Hbfh$rho` ln va `lgnlvalàlsa hbiqln al urawalshr h bhw cngsr`lhw ca Hr`wssabaw pbhw ca Ubhsl gndn gnduhsòbaw:, Al hdonw ghwnw" wa gndàl}h h var" gndngbhva ca bh `lsarurashg`l `lsairhcnrh" ab ubhlsan ca qlh cnoba uarwuags`vh albh `lvawsìhg`l hgargh cab hbdh jqdhlh" al bh gqhb ph wa chrh unr ura$wquqawsn bh gnlv`valg`h ca qlh cnoba lhsqrhba}h al ab hbdh jqdhlh" bh dh$sar`hb p bh awu`r`sqhb,

Al bh waiqlch uhrsa cawhrrnbbhdnw bh cngsr`lh ca Hv`galh p wq ragaug`lal Iqlc`whbvn, Hv`galh ph wa dqawsrh gndn ql hqsnr dw waiqrn" al uhrsaunrxqa aw j`mn ca qlh srhc`g`l ca ghw` cnwgàlsnw hnw ca f`bnwnfh al abdqlcn rhoa, Ph jhp gàrsnw gnlsal`cnw xqa awsl f`mhcnw" p bh gàlg`h f`bn$wf`gh uqaca hvhl}hr gnl dhpnr c`wgùb`lh, Aw hw xqa urawalsh ql srhshcnwnora ab hbdh" azsalwn p w`wsads`gn" al ab gqhb wìqa ln wnbn bh cngsr`lh caHr`wssabaw" w`ln shdo`l bh ca dqgjnw nsrnw hqsnraw p fqalsaw ca bh ungh,Al Hv`galh" bh gnlv`valg`h ca qlh cnoba uarwuags`vh al ab awsqc`n cab jnd$ora ph wa jhga azubg`sh" p ab d`wdn hqsnr jhobh ca cnw dncnw ca ubhlsahr bh

uraiqlsh unr ab hbdh jqdhlh" qlh al gqhlsn xqa sàla rabhg`l gnl ab gqarunp gnl rawuagsn h wq urnu`h awalg`h,

Hjnrh oàl" h c`faralg`h ca bnw hqsnraw hlsar`nraw" Hv`galh aw gnlwgàlsaca gàrsnw urnobadhw xqa wa ubhlsahl hb dndalsn ca hf`rdhr unr ql bhcn qlh

: Gfr, HBFH_HO@" Uj`bnwnujp nf Ubhsn hlc Hr`wsnsba" Gnrlabb Ql`varw`sp Uraww" @sjhgh" LayPnrk" ?558?,


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@lsrncqgg`l 88

uarwuags`vh lanubhsl`gh wnora ab hbdh" uhrsàlcn ca qlh gnlgaug`l ca bhfw`gh hr`wsnsb gh, Aw unr abbn xqa cac`gh awuag`hb hsalg`l h bh rabhg`l alsraab hbdh p ab gqarun" p bh lagaw`chc cab gqarun uhrh xqa ab jndora uqach hb$ghl}hr wq uarfagg`l, War awsh wlsaw`w hv`gal`hlh qlh ca bhw gbhvaw xqa uar$d`sal azub`ghr bh unwò`b`chc ca bh gndql`l ca bh uarwuags`vh hr`wsnsb`ghgnl bh ubhsl`gh0,

Al ql waiqlcn dndalsn urawalshdnw bh ragaug`l xqa jhga Cnd`linIqlc`whbvn ca awsh norh" fqlchdalshbdalsa ca awsh uagqb`hr wlsaw`w alsra ab

hr`wsnsab`wdn p ab ubhsnl`wdn" xqa al ab ghwn cab hqsnr wainvàlwa wa jhgaazubg`sh hb rahb`}hr qlh gnlgnrchlg`h alsra bh caf`l`g`l ca hbdh urawalshchunr hdonw dhawsrnw iràinw, Bh norh ca Iqlc`whbvn hl ln dqawsrh bh bqd`$lnw`chc ca bhw Wqddhw n gndalshr`nw cab wìbn Z@@@" w`l adohrin" al abbh phalgnlsrhdnw ab awur`sq ca bh awgnbws`gh al wqw `lsalsnw unr algnlsrhr al bhwnorhw ca bnw uhihlnw varchcaw xqa hrdnl`gal gnl bhw varchcaw ca bh fa,

Chch bh c`f`gqbshc xqa algàrrh wàdura ab rahb`}hr ql srhohmn j`wsr`gn pawuagqbhs`vn wnora hlsrnunbnih f`bnwf`gh" wa jh urafar`cn racqg`r awsh`lvawsìhg`l h bh gqaws`l cab hlb`w`w ca bh lhsqrhba}h cab hbdh" camhlcn hql bhcn qln ca bnw sadhw dw `lvawsìhcnw p caohs`cnw al bn rafaralsa h awshrah" h whoar" bh ilnwanbnih dacàvhb p bh gqaws`l cab `lsabagsn85, Gndn aw

who`cn" ab uhuab ca bnw rhoaw al ab caohsa bhs`ln aw hownbqsn" p ql awsqc`n wn$ora abbnw lnw bbavhrh xq`}w h uarcarlnw al ql gnlmqlsn ca gqaws`nlaw xqa f`$lhbdalsa ngqbshrhl hxqabbn xqa cawahdnw dnwsrhr al bh urawalsa `lvaw$sìhg`l, Unr abbn" gnlw`carhlcn xqa az`wsal ql gnlmqlsn ca srhohmnw ragàl$saw wnora ab sadh" al awsa ghwn lnw ga`radnw h bh uraiqlsh hgargh ca bh lhsq$rhba}h cab hbdh jqdhlh p wq rabhg`l gnl ab gqarun al bh srhc`g`l hr`wsn$sb`gh rhoa,

0 W` oàl gnduralcadnw xqa az`wsa qlh c`faralg`h alsra ab ubhsnl`wdn p ab lanubhsnl`wdn"graadnw xqa aw `dunrshlsa salar urawalsa xqa awsh bs`dh gnrràlsa wa algqalsrh calsrn ca bhur`darh p gndqbih al dqgjhw gnwhw, Unr awn al dqgjnw ghwnw wa rafar`r hb ubhsnl`wdn gndn

qlh gnrràlsa hdub`h" hw gndn al dqgjnw ghwnw uarùhsas`wdn ln lagawhr`hdalsa wa rafàra hbh cngsr`lh ca Hr`wssabaw" w`ln hb gnlmqlsn ca hqsnraw xqa wa jhl `lwu`rhcn al b gndn uqlsnca uhrs`ch, Wnora awsh gnlgaug`l `lsairhcnrh cab gnlgausn ca ubhsnl`wdn Gfr, I A_WNL" B, U,"Yjhs `w Ubhsnl`wd"Mnqrlhb nf J`wsnrp nf Uj`bnwnujp" 37"7 *?551)" uu, ?17$?96,

85 Gfr, CHV@CWNL" J, H," Hbfhrho`" Hv`gallh hlc Hvarrnaw nl @lsabbags, Sja`r Gnwdnbniàw"Sjanràw nf sja Hgs`va @lsabbags" hlc Sjanràw nf jqdhl @lsabbags" Nzfnrc Ql`varw`sp Uraww"Lay Pnrk$Nzfnrc" 800?, _HDL IQA__A_N" _," Bh ragaug`l rhoa cab Ca hl`dh ca

Hr`wssabaw= Hb$K`lc` p Hb$Fhrho`; I@BWNL" A," Baw wnqrgaw irgn$hrhoaw ca b hqiqws`l`wdahv`gall`whls" Vr`l" Uhr`w 80:8" *ra`duraw`l cab hrsgqbn `durawn al HCJBDH" 3 *80?0$75)"uu, 1$830),


12/124

Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp8?

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Uhrh f`lhb`}hr cawan" hirhcagar h bhw wìqàlsaw uarwnlhw xqa da uard`$sàrnl bbavhr h ghon awsh `lvawsìhg`l, Al ur`dar bqihr xq`wàrh hirhcagar hbUrnpagsn ca Ualwhdàlsn gbw`gn awuhnb ca bh Ql`varw`chc ca Lhvhrrh" p alawuag`hb h bhw urnfawnrhw C, Gnlgaug`l Hbnlwn cab _ahb p C, Dhrh MawwWnsn Orqlh" xqàlaw ialarnwhdalsa da fhg`b`shrnl ab dhlqwgr`sn ca bh jhwshalsnlgaw `lc`sh srhcqgg`l p ac`g`l grs`gh cab Srhgshsqw Ca hl`dh caIqlc`whbvn88; h fr, Mqhl Mnw Jarrarh" N,U," ba caon ab jhoarda hbalshcn h

rahb`}hr awsh `lvawsìhg`l" bh gqhb c`rì` gndn sqsnr p fqa urawalshch gndnsaw`lh ca B`galg`hsqrh al bh Ql`varw`chc cab Lnrsa Whlsn Sndw ca Hxq`ln*Hrials`lh); h d`w c`ws`lsnw gnbaihw xqa jhl bacn bnw dhlqwgr`snw p casag$shcn arrnraw n jhl wqiar`cnw dnc`f`ghg`nlaw uhrh jhgar dw gnduralwòba bhrachgg`l" alsra abbnw caon cawshghr bh gnbhonrhg`l ca Dhrh Maww WnsnOrqlh" @ilhg`n Ura} Gnlwshl}" bvhrn Uaruara" Nrbhlcn Unobasa p MnlOnrno`h; hirhca}gn h wq va}" hb Urnf, liab Bq`w Inl}ba}" xqàl hgni` bhurawalsa `lvawsìhg`l uhrh war uqob`ghch al bh gnbagg`l xqa c`rìa, F`lhb$dalsa xqàrn hirhcagar h d` awunwh" Ghrnb`lh" p h d`w j`mnw" Mqhl p Bqghwxqàlaw whgr`f`ghrnl uhrsa ca wq sàdun uhrh xqa uqcàrh bbavhr h ghon awsh`lvawsìhg`l,

88 HBNLWN CAB _AHB" G, p WNSN O_QLH"D, M,"Ab Srhgshsqw ca Hl`dhhsròq`cn h Cnd`l`gqwIqlc`[wTwhb`lqw" Awsqc`n" ac`g`l grs`gh p srhcqgg`l ghwsabbhlh" AQLWH" Uhdubnlh" ?550,


13/124

UH_SA @

CA H_@WSSABAW H HBFH_HO@_AGN__@CN P S_HLWFN_DHG@L CA BH UW@GNBNIH

H_@WSNSB@GH AL AB DQLCN _HOA


14/124


15/124

U_AWALSHG@L

Al bh ur`darh uhrsa wa cawhrrnbbhr ab v`hma xqa rahb`}h ab Ca hl`dh caHr`wssabaw cawca wq gnlfagg`l jhwsh wq hrròn hb dqlcn rhoa unr dac`n cawq srhcqgg`l p ur`darhw ragaug`nlaw, Ur`darn wa azunlcr bh gnlgaug`lhr`wsnsb`gh hgargh cab hbdh xqa wa algqalsrh al awa srhshcn, Al waiqlcn bq$ihr wa jhr rafaralg`h h bh cngsr`lh cab hbdh xqa wa jhbbh al ab sazsn hugr`fnca bh bh Sanbnih ca Hr`wssabaw, Awsh uhrfrhw`w ca Ubns`ln hcmqc`ghch hHr`wssabaw aw ab sazsn dw rabavhlsa xqa `lfbqpa al bh `lsarurashg`l lan$ubhsl`gh xqa wa jhr ca bh norh hr`wsnsb`gh al bh srhc`g`l awgnbws`gh$`wbd`gh jhwsh bh rafnrdh ca Hvarrnaw, Al bn xqa rawuagsh h bh urawalsa `l$vawsìhg`l" war fqlchdalshb uhrh bh `lsairhg`l ca qlh uarwuags`vh hr`w$snsb`gh al ab do`sn rabì`nwn" unrxqa al awsh fqw`l cab sazsn hugr`fn gnl

bh sanrh hr`wsnsb`gh aw cnlca bh lng`l hr`wsnsb`gh ca alsabaxq`h c`rì`ch hbhbdh algnlsrhr qlh hdub`hg`l xqa uard`s`r jhgar bh hlsrnunbnih hr`wsns$b`gh dw gnduhsòba gnl bhw cngsr`lhw grahg`nl`wshw,

F`lhbdalsa wa azunlcr bhw ur`darhw ragaug`nlaw ca bh cngsr`lh wnora abhbdh al ab dqlcn rhoa, Uhrh abbn wa awsqc`hrl bhw wlsaw`w ca Hbk`lc` p Hb$fhrho`" cnw ca bnw dhpnraw azunlalsaw cab ualwhdàlsn rhoa urav`nw h Hv`$galh,


16/124


17/124

@BHW FQALSAW HLS@IQHW AL AB DQLCN _HOA

8, ABCA HL@DH CA H_@WSSABAW

h) Gdn awsqc`h Hr`wssabaw ab hbdh>Gqhbxqàr bagsnr xqa oqwxqa bh cngsr`lh wnora ab jndora al ab Ca hl`dh

ca Hr`wssabaw wa wals`r frqwsrhcn hb algnlsrhr xqa ab srhshcn hr`wsnsb`gn lnsàla hb war jqdhln gndn nomasn azgbqw`vn ca awsqc`n" w`ln xqa aw dwazsalwn" uqaw wa urnunla `lvawsìhr bh lhsqrhba}h ca bnw waraw v`vnw al iala$rhb8, Awsn bn hgbhrh hb gndàl}n ca bh norh= _awqbsh" w`l cqch" lagawhr`n aw$shobagar al ur`dar bqihr h xq ilarn uarsalaga p xq aw ab hbdh [T, Al wa$

iqlcn bqihr" w` wa algqalsrh alsra bnw waraw al unsalg`h n dw oàl gnlws`$sqpa qlh gàrsh alsabaxq`h, Bh c`faralg`h ln aw" cawca bqain cawcahoba, Uarnhcadw jhor xqa `lvawsìhr w` aw c`v`wòba n `lc`v`wòba a ìqhbdalsa w`snchw bhw hbdhw wnl ca bh d`wdh awuagà n ln p" al ghwn ca xqa ln wahl ca bhd`wdh awuagà" w` wa c`ws`liqal unr bh awuagà n unr ab ilarn, Ngqrra" alafagsn" xqa gqhlsnw hgsqhbdalsa srhshl a `lvawsìhl hgargh cab hbdh jqdhlhuhragal `lchihr azgbqw`vhdalsa hgargh cab hbdh jqdhlh, Jh ca salarwa gq`$chcn" uqaw" ln vhph h uhwhrwa unr hbsn bh gqaws`l ca w` wq caf`l`g`l aw qlhgndn bh cab hl`dhb n w` aw c`ws`lsh uhrh ghch sùn ca hbdh" unr amadubn" cabghohbbn" cab uarrn" cab jndora" cab c`nw?,

Al awsa frhidalsn ph algnlsrhdnw qlh hcvarsalg`h hgargh cab sùn ca `l$

vawsìhg`l xqa wa rahb`}hr al awsa srhshcn, _awqbsh ca hbil dncn ql aw$sqc`n xqa gnls`lh gnl ab awxqadh ca `lvawsìhg`l ca bhw gnwhw dv`bawcawhrrnbbhch al bh Fw`gh" uarn al awsa ghwn urawshlcn hsalg`l h hxqabbhwgnwhw xqa unwaal hbdh, @, Cr`li al wq azsalwn srhohmn hgargh ca Hr`wssabaw

8 Gfr, DHLW@NL" W, Wnqb hlc b`fa `l sjaCa hl`dh" al BBNPC" I,A,_, p NYAL" I, A, B,"Hr`w$snsba nl d`lc hlc sja walwaw" Ghdor`cia Ql`varw`sp Uraww" Ghdor`cia" 809:" uu, 8$?5; u, 8,

? H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @" 8" 35? h ?7$o0,


18/124

Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp8:

cawshgh al vhr`hw nghw`nlaw xqa ab Ca hl`dh aws srh}hcn gndn qlh `lvaw$sìhg`l gàlsf`gn$lhsqrhb ca bnw urngawnw uw`gnfw`gnw, Ab ualwhdàlsn" ad$uarn" ln wa uqaca ghushr o`nbi`ghdalsa7,

Bh uarwuags`vh cawca bh gqhb Hr`wssabaw wa ubhlsah bh rafbaz`l al snrln hbhbdh bn w`sh calsrn ca bnw sazsnw Fw`gnw p ln ca bnwDashfw`gnw, Ph hb gnl$gbq`r ab ghusqbn ur`darn" cawuqw ca caohs`r h bn bhrin ca b wnora ab dhrgnau`wsadnbi`gn `lc`gh ab nomasn ca awsqc`n" xqa wnl bh hfagg`nlaw cab hbdh" pwa algqalsrhl dhpnrdalsa mqlsn h bh dhsar`h= Al bh dhpnrh ca bnw ghwnw wa

uqaca nowarvhr gdn ab hbdh ln jhga l` uhcaga lhch w`l ab gqarun" unramadubn" algnbar`}hrwa" alvhbalsnlhrwa" huasagar" wals`r al ialarhb, Ln now$shlsa" ab `lsabì`r uhraga hbin uhrs`gqbhrdalsa azgbqw`vn ca abbh; uarn l` awsnw`xqàrh uncr salar bqihr w`l ab gqarun w` aw xqa wa srhsh ca ql gàrsn sùn ca`dhi`lhg`l n ca hbin xqa ln wa ch w`l `dhi`lhg`l3, Gnl sncn awsn camhrhh ql bhcn hb dashfw`gn xqàl wa ngquh ca bhw rahb`chcaw xqa az`wsal wauhrh$chw al gqhlsn shbaw1,

Hw" w` oàl `lgqrr`r al hbiqlh rafbaz`l wnora bh rahb`chc `ldhsar`hb cabjndora" bh rafbaz`l wnora bh v`ch aws ubhlsahch cawca bh azub`ghg`l ca bhrahb`chc nril`gh p hl`dhch xqa aws ql`ch hb gqarun, Awsn aw gbhrn ph xqasnchw bhw fqlg`nlaw cab hbdh azgausn ab lnqw awsl bìhchw f`w`nbi`gh$

dalsa gnl ab gqarun" unr bn gqhb uqacal war `lvawsìhchw cawca awsh uarwuag$s`vh o`nbi`gh, Dàlsrhw xqa bhw fqlg`nlaw wauhrhchw ca sncn bn gnruran wnlnomasn ca awsqc`n ca bh f`bnwnfh ca bhw gnwhw ur`darhw6,

o) Bh cnznirhfh p bh caf`l`g`l cab hbdh

Bh hlsìachc gbw`gh c`ws`liq` alsra bn xqa aw hl`dhcn p bn xqa aw `lh$l`dhcn; ab faldaln ca bh v`ch huhraga al bh w`duba azuaràlg`h ca bh v`ch,W`l adohrin" al bnw hqsnraw hlsìqnw bnw bd`saw alsra qln p nsrn dqlcn lnwàdura uhragal gbhrnw, Hw Hr`wssabaw ragqarch xqa Shbaw jhorh wnwsal`cnxqa Sncn aws bbaln ca c`nwaw" aw cag`r" xqa sncn sàla v`ch9, Awsn aw bn xqabh dncarlh `lvawsìhg`l awuag`hb`}hch jh wnb`cn cawìlhr" gnl ql srd`ln

xqa ln aws bòra ca gnllnshg`nlaw unsalg`hbdalsa axqvnghw" gndn j`bn$

7 C_@LI" @,"Hr`wssabaw, Azunw`g`l a `lsarurashg`l ca wq ualwhdàlsn" Ql`varw`chc Lhg`nlhb

Hqslndh ca Dz`gn" Dz`gn" uu, ::3$::13 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @" 8" 357 h 1$85,1 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @" 8" 357 o 81,6 Gfr, H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @" 8" 357 o 81,9 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh"@" 1" 388 h :,


19/124

@, Bhw fqalsaw hlsìqhw al ab dqlcn rhoa 80

}nwdn" aw cag`r= bh salcalg`h h gnlgao`r bh dhsar`h *jba) gndn cnshch cav`ch *}n):,

Al ab ragnrr`cn xqa rahb`}h Hr`wssabaw unr bhw c`ws`lshw rafbaz`nlaw xqajhoh camhcn bh srhc`g`l jabl`gh wnora bh rahb`chc cab hbdh" whgh ql whbcnunw`s`vn al shlsn xqa sncnw jhorhl ragnlng`cn xqa al bnw waraw v`vnw wa al$gqalsrh ql ur`lgù`n xqa aw c`ws`lsn cab gqarun uarn xqa aws v`lgqbhcn h b,Unr abbn ln sàla cqchw al sndhr ab gnlsal`cn vb`cn ragò`cn ca bnw hlsìqnw*camhlcn ca bhcn bh unw`g`l ubhsl`gh xqa gnlgòa hb hbdh gndn qlh rah$

b`chc nlsnbi`ghdalsa c`ws`lsh cab gqarun)= Hjnrh oàl" bn hl`dhcn uhragac`ws`liq`rwa ca bn `lhl`dhcn ur`lgùhbdalsa unr cnw rhwinw" ab dnv`dàlsn pbh walwhg`l p hdohw ghrhgsar`}hg`nlaw hgargh cab hbdh wnl hurnz`dhch$dalsa bhw xqa jadnw ragò`cn ca lqawsrnw uracagawnraw0,

Gndn c`m`dnw" Hr`wssabaw al l`lil dndalsn wa aws ubhlsahlcn hb warjqdhln gndn l`gn wqmasn ca awsqc`n, Ab srhshcn" gndn wa jhga dhl`fàwsnunr sncn bn xqa jhwsh hjnrh dalg`nlhdnw" `lsalsh hgarghrwa h bh rahb`chc cabdnv`dàlsn lhsqrhb xqa ln algqalsrh bh azub`ghg`l al bh d`wdh rahb`chcdhsar`hb, Awsn dhl`fàwsh xqa l`liqlh rahb`chc dhsar`hb" al gqhlsn shb" graga"wa raurncqga n dqara, Unr bn gqhb ab hbdh aw hbin xqa dnc`f`gh awsh rahb`chcdhsar`hb,

AlCa hl`dh @@ qlh va} gnlgbq`ch bh cnznirhfh Hr`wssabaw wa urnunlaor`lchr qlh caf`l`g`l ca hbdh whs`wfhgsnr`h, Uhr abbn" uhrsàlcn ca bh cng$sr`lh j`badrf`gh xqa jhoh azuqawsn al bh Fw`gh p cab ohihma sgl`gn gnl$gausqhb ca bh bi`gh"Hr`wssabaw chr ql gnlmqlsn ca caf`l`g`nlaw xqa rad`$sal h qlh gnduralw`l cab faldaln ca bh v`ch cawca bh gqhb`chc hunrshch hbh dhsar`h unr bh fnrdh85= Bqain ab hbdh aw lagawhr`hdalsa als`chc algqhlsn fnrdh awuagf`gh ca ql gqarun lhsqrhb xqa al unsalg`h sàla v`ch,Hjnrh oàl" bh als`chc aw alsabaxq`h" bqain ab hbdh aw alsabaxq`h cabgqarun88,

Awsh gnlgaug`l cab hbdh gndn alsabaxq`h cab gqarun" rafàra al ab ghwnca Hr`wssabaw h bh `cah ca qln ca bnw gnduqawsnw cab wqmasn hl`dhcn, Mqwsh$

dalsa" qlnw urrhfnw hlsaw" ab Awshi`r`sh hcvarsh xqa bnw ilarnw ca bnwalsaw arhl sraw, 8) bh dhsar`h" hxqabbn xqa unr w ln aw hbin casard`lhcn; ?)

: V@IN" H," Hr`wssabaw, Qlh `lsrncqgg`l" @lws`sqsn ca Awsqc`nw ca bh Wngàchc" Whls`hin caGj`ba" ?559" u, 07,

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20/124

Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp?5

bh fnrdh" hxqabbn al v`rsqc ca bn gqhb uqaca cag`rwa ph ca bh dhsar`h xqa awhbin casard`lhcn; p f`lhbdalsa ab 7) gndn ab gnduqawsn ca qlh p nsrh, Alawsa ghwn" ab dncn ca war uqaca war gnlw`carhcn gndn gàlg`h n gndn hgsnca sanr`}hr8?, Uqaca gnlw`carhrwa gndn hgsn ur`darn n gndn hgsn waiqlcn"chcn xqa dàlsrhw xqa ab hgsn ca sanr`}hr wbn wa uqaca jhgar dàlsrhw waaws al vì`b`h" bh gàlg`h aw bh ilaw`w cab hgsn" p uardhlaga al ab wqmasn unrdw xqa wa aws cqrdàlcn" unrxqa wa bh unwaa" uarn ln wa bh amarg`sh, Hw awxqa cawuqw ca awsn or`lch Hr`wssabaw qlh lqavh caf`l`g`l= Bqain ab hbdh

aw bh alsabaxq`h ur`darh ca ql gqarun lhsqrhb xqa al unsalg`h sàla v`ch

87

,Gnl awsn Hr`wssabaw gnduralca xqa wa uqaca caf`l`r sncn war v`vn" shb awhw xqa shlsn ql war jqdhln gndn qlh ubhlsh sàlal rihlnw xqa awslnrcalhcnw hb cawhrrnbbn cab wqmasn" unr amadubn bhw rhgaw warhl bh ongh ca bhubhlsh unr bh gqhb wa hb`dalsh, Unr abbn alsàlca xqa bhw caf`l`g`nlaw chchwjhwsh hjnrh wa gnrrawunlcal gnl bh rahb`chc ca gqhbxqàr war v`vn= Xqachazuqawsn" unr shlsn" ca dhlarh ialarhb xq aw ab hbdh" h whoar" bh als`chc ca$f`l`snr`h" awsn aw" bh awalg`h ca shb sùn ca gqarun; ab hbdh ln aw awalg`h pcaf`l`g`l ca ql gqarun ca awsa sùn [hrs`f`g`hbT" w`ln ca ql gqarun lhsqrhb cashb gqhb`chc xqa unwaa al w d`wdn ab ur`lgù`n cab dnv`dàlsn p cab ra$unwn83,

Awsh hgbhrhg`l rawqbsh `dunrshlsa uhrh rawhbshr bh rabhg`l az`wsalsa alsragqarun p hbdh, Ln wnl cnw rahb`chcaw `lcaualcàlsaw w`ln xqa awshdnw jh$obhlcn ca cnw ur`lgù`nw xqa sàlal caualcalg`h qln cab nsrn, Unr abbn" awawsh gnlgaug`l j`badrf`gh cab war v`vn bh xqa jhga ca Hr`wssabaw ql hqsnral ab xqa ln jhp ql gnlfb`gsn gnl bh rabhg`l hbdh p gqarun, Gndn c`ga H,Vìn= Ab hbdh aw qlh rahb`chc wqwshlg`hb *nqwh)" uarn ln unr war abbh d`wdhql nomasn gnduqawsn ca fnrdh p dhsar`h" w`ln dw oàl unr war bh fnrdh*acnw) cab gnduqawsn dhsar`hb xqa aw ab nrihl`wdn v`vn gndn ql sncn, Alshb wals`cn" ab hbdh aw hxqabbh casard`lhg`l fnrdhb p" dw urag`whdalsa"hxqab sùn ca hgsqhb`chc *alsabgja`h) xqa gnrrawunlca h ql gqarun lhsqrhb"al bh dac`ch al xqa wsa sàla bh unsalg`hb`chc ca bh v`ch81,

8? Gfr, H_@WSSABAW" Ca hl`dh" @@" 8" 38? h 6$8?, Uhrh ql hlb`w`w urnfqlcn wnora bh dasncn$bnih qs`b`}hch al awsh c`ws`lg`l gfr, HGJH_C" D," Cf`l`s`nl ca bda as dsjnca ca c`v`$w`l= qla lnsa wqr ba Ca hl`dh" @@" 8" 38? h 6$?8" uu, 355$357,

87 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" 8" 38? h ?9$?:, @ldac`hshdalsa al 38? o 1 vqabva h fnrdqbhr bhd`wdh caf`l`g`l gnl hbil dhs`} dalnr= Jhorh xqa cag`r xqa [ab hbdhT aw bh alsabaxq`h ur`$darh ca ql gqarun lhsqrhb nrihl`}hcn,

83 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" 8" 38? o 85$88; 86$8:,81 V@IN" H,"Hr`wssabaw" u, 06,


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@, Bhw fqalsaw hlsìqhw al ab dqlcn rhoa ?8

Wa Gnduralca" hw" qlh l`gh als`chc p jhp qlh ql`l wqwshlg`hb, Unr bngqhb hbdh p gqarun gnlfnrdhl bh wqwshlg`h ca bh ubhlsh" n ab hl`dhb" p unrabbn Hr`wssabaw hf`rdh xqa awsl al bn gàrsn bnw xqa wnwsqvàrnl xqa ab hbdhl` wa ch w`l ql gqarun" l` aw al w d`wdh gqarun86, Uqawsn xqa al ab gqarun wacaoal chr bhw unsalg`hb`chcaw wqf`gàlsaw uhrh uncar ragò`r bhw gqhb`chcawcab hbdh" uarn aw al abbh cnlca raw`cal bnw ur`lgù`nw hgs`vnw ca bhw unsal$g`hw ca bh wqwshlg`h ph gnlfnrdhch" aw cag`r" aw al ab hbdh cnlca raw`ca abur`lgù`n ca bh v`ch= Ab hbdh aw hxqabbn unr bn xqa v`v`dnw" wals`dnw p rh$

}nlhdnw ur`dhr`h p rhc`ghbdalsa, Bqain jhor ca war caf`l`g`l p fnrdhawuagf`gh" xqa ln dhsar`h p wqmasn89,

Awshw caf`l`g`nlaw cab hbdh ubhlsahchw ca dhlarh ialr`gh dqawsrhl bhls`dh ql`l xqa az`wsa alsra bnw cnw ur`lgù`nw cab war v`vn, Awsh cngsr`lh waalgqalsrh al gnls`lq`chc gnl ab rawsn ca bhw norhw fw`ghw cab Awshi`r`sh, W`ladohrin" xqach hbin xqa wa dhl`fàwsh al qlh uhrsa ca bnw waraw v`vnw xqaln algqalsrh snshb azub`ghg`l" n wa uqaca cag`r xqa urncqga gàrsh salw`lgnl awsh azub`ghg`l j`badrf`gh= ab hbdh rhg`nlhb,

Bh grs`gh sazsqhb ubhlsah gàrshw cqchw rawuagsn h gqb aw bh unw`g`l var$chcarh rawuagsn ca bh lhsqrhba}h awu`r`sqhb n `ldnrshb cab hbdh, Unr abbn hgnls`lqhg`l cawhrrnbbhradnw bh gqaws`l ca bh lhsqrhba}h cab hbdh" ph uraw$

shlcn dw hsalg`l h bh lhsqrhba}h cab hbdh rhg`nlhb" wnora bh xqa ghoa ual$whr qlh `ldhsar`hb`chc8:,

o) Bh lhsqrhba}h cab hbdhQlh va} awshobag`ch bh caf`l`g`l ialr`gh cab hbdh" Hr`wssabaw `lvawsìh

ghch qlh ca bhw fnrdhw al bhw xqa wa dhl`fàwshl bnw waraw v`vnw xqa uar$d`s`r bh gbhw`f`ghg`l ca bhw c`ws`lshw awuagàw, Algnlsrhdnw al awsh gbhw`f`$ghg`l sraw sùnw ca hbdhw= vaiashs`vh" hl`dhb p rhg`nlhb, Awsh gbhw`f`ghg`lbh rahb`}h h uhrs`r cab dncn al ab gqhb ghch qln ca bnw waraw v`vnw wa dhl`$fàwsh, Aw av`calsa" uqaw" xqa bh azub`ghg`l ca ghch qlh ca awshw fhgqbshcawgnlws`sqpa shdo`l bh azub`ghg`l dw hcagqhch hgargh cab hbdh80,

86 Gfr, H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" ?" 383 h 86$80,89 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" ?" 383 h 8?$83,8: Ab cawhrrnbbn ca awsh urnobads`gh bn jhgadnw wnora sncn uhrh dhrghr bnw urnobadhw xqa

algnlsrhrnl bqain hbiqlnw hqsnraw rabì`nwnw, Ab ghrgsar ca wqwshlg`hb ca bh ql`l alsra hbdhp gqarun ubhlsahoh qlh cqrh nomag`l h bh uraiqlsh unr bh `ldnrshb`chc cab hbdh,

80 H_@WSNSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" 7" 381 h 8?$87,


22/124

Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp??

Ab hbdh vaiashs`vh aw gnlw`carhch gndn ab ur`lgù`n fqlchdalshb ca bhv`ch" al abbh awsl snchw bhw fqlg`nlaw urnu`hw xqa sàla sncn v`vàlsa= lq$sr`g`l" grag`dàlsn p raurncqgg`l, Abbh algqalsrh wq f`l al gnlwarvhr shlsnbh v`ch `lc`v`cqhb gndn bh v`ch ca bh awuagà, P aw al awsa waiqlcn f`l cnlcaab hbdh vaiashs`vh uqaca uhrs`gùhr ca bn c`v`ln p bn asarln= Bh dw lhsqrhbca bhw norhw gnlw`wsa al jhgar nsrn v`vàlsa wadamhlsa h w d`wdn [T gnl abf`l ca uhrs`gùhr ca bn asarln p bn c`v`ln al bh dac`ch al xqa ba aw unwòba ?5,

Mqwshdalsa awsa f`l asarln wa gnlwìqa al ab ghwn ca sncnw bnw wqmasnw

wndas`cnw h bh ialarhg`l p bh gnrrqug`l ln unr qlh uaruasqh uardhlalg`hcab `lc`v`cqn w`ln unr bh gnls`lq`chc ca bh awuagà, Al bhw fqlg`nlaw xqaalgnlsrhdnw al ab hbdh vaiashs`vh uhrs`gùhl sncnw bnw waraw v`vnw xqa awslwqmasnw h bh ialarhg`l p h bh gnrrqug`l,

Al ab hbdh walw`s`vh wa dhl`fàwshl bhw fqlg`nlaw ca bh walwhg`l" ca bnwhuas`snw p cab dnv`dàlsn, Al bnw hl`dhbaw xqàlaw uhrs`gùhl ca awshw fh$gqbshcaw jhbbhdnw h wq va} shdo`l bhw fqlg`nlaw cab hbdh vaiashs`vh, Hr`w$ssabaw wìqàlcn h Aducngbaw p Cadgr`sn wnwsàla xqa bh walwhg`l awql dncn ca uhcagar ql gàrsn sùn ca hbsarhg`l" awsh hbsarhg`l dqava hb wq$masn p bn hfagsh, Urag`whdalsa aw bh dnc`f`ghg`l cab awshcn ca bh unsalg`hwalwòba, Aw nov`n hb rawuagsn xqa bh fhgqbshc walw`s`vh ln aws al hgsn" w`ln

wnbhdalsa al unsalg`h, Ca hj xqa ba ngqrrh bn d`wdn xqa hb gndoqwsòba"xqa ln wa xqadh unr w wnbn w`ln gnl ab gnlgqrwn cab ghroqrhlsa; al ghwngnlsrhr`n" wa xqadhrh h w d`wdn p ln urag`whrh al hownbqsn ca hbin xqafqarh fqain al hgsn, Hw uqaw" [T jhor xqa c`ws`liq`r ìqhbdalsa al bh uh$bhorh walwhg`l cnw hgaug`nlaw" bh qlh al unsalg`h p bh nsrh al hgsn, P bnd`wdn wals`r" ph wah al unsalg`h" ph wah al hgsn?8,

Hw Hr`wssabaw cawhrrnbbh bh cngsr`lh cab gnlng`dàlsn walwòba gndn bhghuhg`chc ca ragò`r bh fnrdh cab nomasn walwòba w`l bh dhsar`h hb dncn alxqa bh garh ragòa bh dhrgh cab hl`bbn w`l ab jàrrn ??, P awsn wa urncqga unr$xqa ab wals`cn aws al unsalg`h ca ragò`r unr dac`n ca wqw nomasnw urnu`nw*gnbnr" wnl`cn" whonr" nbnr" n wnl`cn), Awsnw nomasnw wnl bnw xqa hgshl cahialsaw xqa bbavhl h bh unsalg`h walwòba h wq uarfagg`l,

F`lhbdalsa wa algqalsrh bh uraiqlsh unr bh rahb`chc cab hbdh rhg`nlhb, Bhav`calg`h cab ualwhdàlsn jhga xqa bh uraiqlsh ln wah wnora wq az`wsalg`h nln" w`ln dw oàl unr ab dncn al ab gqhb uncadnw azub`ghrlnw awa urngawn,

?5 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" 3" 381 h ?6$ 381 o 7,?8 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" 1" 389 h 1$81,?? H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" 8?" 3?3 h 89$?3,


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Uhrh abbn" qs`b`}h bh hlhbnih gnl bh rahb`chc cab gnlng`dàlsn walwòba" hw cahbiqlh dhlarh `lsabì`r aw ql dncn ca uhcagar bh fnrdh `lsabìòba= Ab `lsa$bagsn wàlcn `duhwòba jh ca war ghuh} ca ragò`r bh fnrdh" aw cag`r" jh cawar al unsalg`h shb gndn bh fnrdh uarn w`l war abbh d`wdh p war rawuagsn cabn `lsabìòba hlbnin h bn xqa aw bh fhgqbshc walw`s`vh rawuagsn ca bnw wal$wòba, Unr gnlwìqàlsa p uqawsn xqa `lsabìa snchw bhw gnwhw" lagawhr`hdalsajh ca war w`l da}gbh gndn c`ga Hlhzinrhw uhrh xqa uqach cnd`lhr n" bnxqa aw bn d`wdn" gnlngar" ph xqa bn xqa azjòa wq urnu`h fnrdh nowshgqb`}h

a `lsarfàra h bh hmalh

?7

,Hxq bn xqa aws urawalshlcn Hr`wssabaw aw qlh ur`darh fnrdqbhg`l cabn xqa wa calnd`lhr `lsabagsn unwòba" n `lsabagsn al unsalg`h" ph xqa al wln sàla l`lil gnlsal`cn jhwsh xqa ln wa urncqga qlh ur`darh `lsabagg`l,Unr abbn" hf`rdh mqlsn gnl ab ubhsnl`wdn xqa ab hbdh aw ca hbiqlh dhlarh sn$chw bhw gnwhw" uarn ln snch ab hbdh" w`ln shl wbn bh `lsabags`vh" p xqa awsnchw bhw fnrdhw al unsalg`h" uarn ln al hgsn,

Unr nsrn bhcn" ph hbamhlcn ql ungn bh rafaralg`h alsra bh uargaug`l walw`$oba p bh `lsabìòba" hcvàrsa xqa bh ur`darh sàla ql bd`sa al ab dncn ca uar$gò`r bh rahb`chc, Unrxqa ab wals`cn ln aw ghuh} ca uargò`r cawuqw ca jhoarghushcn ql nomasn fqarsadalsa walwòba, Hw" bqain ca jhoar w`cn azuqawsnw h

ql azgawn ca bq}" w` alsrhdnw al qlh jho`shg`l dalnw `bqd`lhch ln uargò`$dnw lhch, Bn d`wdn wqgaca gnl ab rawsn ca bnw wals`cnw, Ab `lsabagsn" unr abgnlsrhr`n" srhw jhoar `lsabì`cn ql nomasn fqarsadalsa `lsabìòba" ln `lsabìadalnw w`ln dw" `lgbqwn bnw nomasnw ca `lfar`nr rhlin, P aw xqa bh fhgqbshcwalwòba ln wa ch w`l ab gqarun" dàlsrhw xqa ab `lsabagsn aw wauhrhoba?3,

Hjnrh oàl" gdn aw xqa lqawsrn `lsabagsn uhgàlsa ragòa bhw fnrdhw" phxqa sàla qlh lhsqrhba}h c`ws`lsh h bh walwòba> Unrxqa ab uhgàlsa ln sàlalhch ca hgsn" caoadnw `dhi`lhrbn gndn ql shob`bbh al bh xqa lhch aws hg$sqhbdalsa awgr`sn?1, H, Vìn `lc`gh hb rawuagsn xqa= Hr`wssabaw gnlgòa bhrabhg`l alsra hdonw `lsabagsnw unr dac`n ca qlh hlhbnih gnl bh rabhg`laz`wsalsa alsra ab ur`lgù`n uhw`vn p ab hgs`vn al bnw alsaw gnduqawsnw" aw ca$g`r" wq dhsar`h p wq fnrdh" rawuags`vhdalsa, Jhorh" wail awsn" ql `lsabagsnxqa aw uqrhdalsa unsalg`hb" uarn uqaca bbaihr h `cals`f`ghrwa ca dncn hgsqhbgnl snchw bhw fnrdhw ca bhw gnwhw" unr ql bhcn" p" unr nsrn" ql `lsabagsn wàd$ura hgs`vn" xqa" nf`g`hlcn hb dncn al xqa bh bq} bn jhga rawuagsn ca bnw

?7 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@@" 3" 3?0 h 81$?8,?3 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@@" 3" 3?0 o 3$6,?1 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@@" 3" 375 h 8, Aw cag`r" bn xqa fqa gnlng`cn gndn Shoqbh _hwh,


24/124

Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp?3

gnbnraw" srharh h bh hgsqhb`chc afags`vh c`gjhw fnrdhw" xqa ab `lsabagsn uhw`vnhboarih unsalg`hbdalsa al w" unr jhoarbhw car`vhcn" al caf`l`s`vh" ca bnwgnlsal`cnw ca bh uargaug`l walwòba?6, Hw baadnw al Hr`wssabaw= Uqawsnxqa al bh Lhsqrhba}h snch az`wsa hbin xqa aw dhsar`h uhrh ghch ilarn ca al$saw h whoar" hxqabbn xqa al unsalg`h aw snchw bhw gnwhw uarsalagàlsaw h shbilarn uarn az`wsa hcadw nsrn ur`lgù`n" ab ghqwhb p hgs`vn hb xqa gnrraw$unlca jhgar snchw bhw gnwhw shb aw bh sgl`gh rawuagsn ca bh dhsar`h shd$o`l al ab ghwn cab hbdh jhl ca chrwa lagawhr`hdalsa awshw c`faralg`hw, Hw

uqaw" az`wsa ql `lsabagsn xqa aw ghuh} ca bbaihr h war snchw bhw gnwhw p nsrnghuh} ca jhgarbhw snchw?9,

Dw hbb cab urnobadh ilnwanbi`gn xqa jh ialarhcn awsa uhwhma xqa hrr`$oh wa azunla" `lsarawh var gdn wa ubhlsah" hb gnduralcar bh fhgqbshc rhg`n$lhb gndn wauhrhch ca bh dhsar`h" bh unwò`b`chc ca bbavhr awsh wauhrhg`l dwhbb ca wq ghuhg`chc gnilnwg`s`vh" p var w` unr wq lhsqrhba}h aw wqow`wsalsaunr w,

Hr`wssabaw" ph awshobag`cn ab hlb`w`w ca bhw fhgqbshcaw `lsabagsqhbaw" jhgaqlh c`ws`lg`l gbhrh xqa uard`s`r gnduralcar bhw `lsarurashg`nlaw unwsar`n$raw rawuagsn h bh unwò`b`chc n ln ca wnwsalar al Hr`wssabaw ln hr`wsnsb`$ghdalsa bh `ldnrshb`chc cab hbdh= Wàdura aw dw azgabwn ab hialsa xqa

ab uhgàlsa" ab ur`lgù`n xqa bh dhsar`h, Unr bn cadw" bh d`wdh gnwh wnl bhgàlg`h al hgsn p wq nomasn, Cawca ab uqlsn ca v`wsh ca ghch `lc`v`cqn bhgàlg`h al unsalg`h aw hlsar`nr al gqhlsn hb sàdun" uarn cawca ab uqlsn cav`wsh cab ql`varwn al ialarhb ln aw hlsar`nr l` w`xqàrh al gqhlsn hb sàdun=ln ngqrra" cawca bqain" xqa ab `lsabagsn `lsab`mh h vagaw p h vagaw cama ca`lsabì`r, Qlh va} wauhrhcn aw wbn hxqabbn xqa al rahb`chc aw p l`ghdalsaawsn aw `ldnrshb p asarln, Lnwnsrnw" w`l adohrin ln wndnw ghuhgaw ca ragnr$chrbn" unrxqa shb ur`lgù`n aw `duhwòba" dàlsrhw xqa ab `lsabagsn uhw`vn awgnrrqusòba p w`l b lhch `lsabìa?:,

W`l cqch awsa uhwhma aw qln ca bnw xqa dw gndalshr`nw jh wqwg`shcn" pshdo`l dw gnlsrnvarw`h; gndn `lc`ghl hbiqlnw awuag`hb`wshw" awsa azgawn pvhr`hg`l al bnw gndalshr`nw a `lsarurashg`nlaw h vagaw aw rawqbshcn dw cabh `lsalg`l cab gndalshcnr xqa ca bh nwgqr`chc cab sazsn?0,

?6 V@IN" H,"Hr`wssabaw" u, 856, Gfr, H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@@" 3" 375 h 85$89,?9 H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@@" 1" 375 h 85$81,?: H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@@" 1" 375 h ?5$?1, Bhw gqrw`vhw wnl lqawsrhw,?0 Gfr, C_@LI" @,"Hr`wssabaw" u, :0:,


25/124


Dw hbb ca bh gnlsrnvarw`h" wa rawhbsh al ab frhidalsn qlh unwòba `lsar$urashg`l xqa wa uqaca jhgar cab sazsn hr`wsnsb`gn" p xqa graadnw xqa aw qlhca bhw xqa `lsarawh salar al gqalsh al nrcal h lqawsrh saw`w, Hr`wssabaw dhrghqlh c`faralg`h `dunrshlsa alsra ab `lsabagsn uhw`vn p ab hgs`vn" p awsh c`fa$ralg`h raw`ca ln wbn al ab l`vab ca wauhrhg`l ca bh dhsar`h" w`ln shdo`l albh hqsnlndh xqa sàla ghch qlh ca awshw uhrsaw" dàlsrhw xqa ab `lsabagsn uh$w`vn *n uhgàlsa) qlhw vagaw uàlwh p nsrhw ln" ab `lsabagsn hialsa awswàdura al hgsn" sàla ab jo`sn ca bh gàlg`h, Unr abbn" gndn gnlgbqw`l raw$

uagsn h bh `ldnrshb`chc cab hbdh wa uncrh cag`r xqa qlh uhrsa cab `lsabagsndqara mqlsn gnl ab gqarun; awsh uhrsa aw bh cab `lsabagsn uhgàlsa, wsa aw abxqa sàla snchw bhw `duraw`nlaw uarwnlhbaw" hxqab xqa ln hbghl}h h alsalcar$bn sncn unr w" ph xqa caualca ca nsrn uhrh hbghl}hr ab gnlng`dàlsn, Waz`wsa qlh unwò`b`chc ca `ldnrshb`chc" uarn awsh unwò`b`chc aw azgbqw`vh cab`lsabagsn hialsa" ab gqhb ln sàla ragqarcnw" ln sàla j`wsnr`h" aw ab hgsn uqrnca gnduralcar" aw bh gàlg`h,

Unr abbn" uncrhdnw gnlgbq`r rawuagsn h awsn gnl bhw uhbhorhw ca Cr`li hbrafar`rwa h awsa uhwhma p xqa ca hbil dncn n ragquarh h Ubhsl n lnw camh hbhw uqarshw ca Ubns`ln= Ab hbdh al gqhlsn hbdh ca ql `lc`v`cqn ln aw `l$dnrshb; wnbhdalsa awh ghuhg`chc" xqa lnwnsrnw bbhdhdnw lnqw huhsjw p xqaalsrh al ab hbdh cawca fqarh" aw `ldnrshb; wbn cawuqw ca bh dqarsa ab lnqwhw gnlgao`cn unwaa wq urnu`h awalg`h p wa uqaca alsraihr asarlhdalsa h bhlnaw`w lnwanw, Ca hj sàla xqa gnlgbq`rwa xqa" cawuqw ca bh dqarsa ab unr$shcnr" awsa lnqw wauhrhcn ln sàla xqa var ph al hownbqsn gnl bh awfarh jq$dhlh75,

Awsa irhl awsqc`nwn ca bhw cngsr`lhw hr`wsnsb`ghw w`l cqch vh ql ungn dwhbb" w`l adohrin" dhrgh bh gndubam`chc ca bh gqaws`l, Gndn ph jhohdnwhcvars`cn" ca hgqarcn h bh uarwuags`vh xqa urawalsh abCa hl`dh rawqbshoh c`$fg`b bh `lvawsìhg`l wnora bnw waraw v`vnw azgbqw`vhdalsa cawca bh uarwuag$s`vh o`nbi`gh" wnora sncn gqhlcn wa ubhlsah bbaihr jhwsh ab jndora,

W`l cqch" ab urnobadh aw hrcqn calsrn ca bh awgqabh hr`wsnsb`gh" uarn dq$gjn dw gndubamhw wa urawalshl bhw c`ws`lshw `lsarurashg`nlaw al bh j`wsnr`hca bh f`bnwnfh unwsar`nr, Bh ragaug`l ca bh cngsr`lh cabCa hl`dh al bhw srh$c`g`nlaw grahg`nl`wshw aw c`varwh, Unr ql bhcn" calsrn cab gr`ws`hl`wdn uhragawar Ladaw`n *gh, 355) p xq`}w shdo`l bh wqarsa ca bhw norhw hr`wsnsb`ghwxqàl caghls h bh uhsrws`gh p h bh `lsabagsqhb`chc gr`ws`hlh unwsar`nr h qlhhlsrnunbnih dw oàl lanubhsl`gh, Al wq Ca lhsqrh jnd`l`w" Ladaw`n aw$

75 Gfr, C_@LI" @,"Hr`wssabaw" u, 055$058,


26/124

Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp?6

gròa xqa bh varchcarh lhsqrhba}h cab hbdh aw qlh wqwshlg`h `lgnrurah, Unrbn gqhb wnwsàla xqa aw `dunwòba h shb lhsqrhba}h `lgnrurah ca wqwshlg`hwar fnrdh ca ql gqarun78,

Awsh nug`l unr qlh uarwuags`vh dw ubhsl`gh xqa hr`wsnsb`gh sndhchunr Ladaw`n ln wbn hlsrnunbi`gh w`ln shdo`l f`bnwf`gh" hfagshr h snchbh dalshb`chc dacàvhb jhwsh ab rasnrln ca Hr`wssabaw unr bh wlsaw`w rhoa=Ab wals`dàlsn xqa dhl`fàwsh al ab sazsn ca Ladaw`n aw qlh ca bhw fqar}hwdw salhgaw gnlsrh bhw xqa wa awsrabbhr dw shrca bh rafnrdh snd`wsh p xqa

lqlgh bbaihr h cnd`lhr unr gndubasn, Wàdura jh jho`cn" p xq`}w wàdurajhor" awur`sqw xqa gnlw`caral hb ubhsnl`wdn gndn qlh f`bnwnfh lhsqrhb$dalsa gr`ws`hlh p hb hr`wsnsab`wdn gndn bh f`bnwnfh lhsqrhbdalsa ca bnw uh$ihlnw7?,

W`l adohrin" al ab dqlcn rhoa `lsarrqdua nsrn sazsn= bh Sanbnih caHr`wssabaw xqa huhraga gndn ql gndubadalsn hb rawsn ca sazsnw hr`wsnsb`$gnw" unr bn gqhb" p srhw sncn bn ph c`gjn" bh norh cab Awshi`r`sh huhragar dwsalshcnrh uhrh qlh rabì`l xqa aws cawanwh ca algnlsrhr fqlchdalsnwrh}nlhobaw xqa hgnduhal wq cngsr`lh,

?, BH SANBNIH CA H_@WSSABAW N AB UBNS@LN _HOA

Ab aduarhcnr hohw hb$Dhdql *:87$:77)" cqrhlsa wq inoàrln c`wuqwn bhgrahg`l ca qlh irhl oòb`nsagh xqa hgni` ql dnv`dàlsn ca `lvawsìhg`lp srhcqgg`l xqa uard`s` `lgnrunrhr calsrn ca wq gnrsa bh gàlg`h p who`cq$rh xqa wa jhoh cawgqoàrsn al nràlsa p ngg`calsa, Awsa irhl urnpagsn wa ca$lnd`l Bh ghwh ca bh who`cqrh *Ohps hb$`kdh)77, Sncnw bnw hghcd`gnwawsl ca hgqarcn xqa `l`g`hbdalsa bn xqa dw bbhd bh hsalg`l cqrhlsa bhur`darh ialarhg`l fqarnl bhw dhsads`ghw" bh dac`g`lh p bh hwsrnlndh;

78 Gfr, LADAW@N CA ADAWH" Ca lhsqrh jnd`l`w" srhc, Ca Oqriqlc`n ca U`wa" I, VA_OAKA as M, _,DNLGJN *ac,) *Gnruqw Bhs`lnrqd Gnddalshr`nrqd `l Hr`wsnsabad Irhagnrqd" wquub,8)Or`bb" Ba`cal" 8091" g?" u,7:" bb, ?3$?6= Lnl unsaws ì`sqr hl`dh wagqlcqd qbbqd dncqd

alsjabagj`h gnrunr`w awwa" wac wqowshls`h hqsnsabaw *`c aws uar wa uarfagsh) `lgnrunrah,7? I@BWNL" A,"Bh f`bnwnfh al bh achc dac`h, Cawca bnw nrialaw uhsrws`gnw jhwsh ab f`l cab wìbnZ@V" Iracnw" Dhcr`c" 8061?" u, 95

77 Az`wsa ql gnlmqlsn ca `lvawsìhg`nlaw gnlsadunrlahw xqa hlhb`}hl sncn ab urngawn casrhlwd`w`l cab dqlcn `lsabagsqhb iràin hb dqlcn rhoa" ghoa cawshghr alsra snchw bhwdnlnirhfhw az`wsalsaw bhw wìqàlsaw" wnora bhw gqhbaw ohwhdnw ur`lgùhbdalsa lqawsrh `lfnr$dhg`l= CHLGNLH GNWSH" G," Bh ghwh cabbh whuàl}h, Bh srhlwd`ww`nla cabbh dashf`w`ghiragh a bh fnrdh}`nla cabbh f`bnwnf`h hrhoh " Iqar`l` a Hwwng`hs`" D`bhln" 8006; IQSHW" C,"Iraak Sjnqijs" Hrho`g Gqbsqra, Sja irhagn$hrho`g srhlwbhs`nl dnvadals `l Ohijchc hlc

Ahrbp Hoohw`c Wngàsp *?lc$3sj.:sj$85sj galsqràw)" _nqsbacia" Lay Pnrk" 800:,


27/124


calsrn cab do`sn f`bnwf`gn fqarnl bhw norhw bi`ghw bhw xqa ngquhrnl qlbqihr ur`lgùhb; hqlxqa" wa bbai h srhcqg`r ql gnruqw `dunrshlsa ca bhw norhwiràihw ca c`ws`lshw c`wgùb`lhw, Bnw rhoaw gnlngàrnl bh f`bnwnfh ca= Ad$ucngbaw" U`sinrhw" Ubhsl" Hr`wssabaw" Sanfrhwsn" Hbamhlcrn" Sad`ws`n" Unr$f`r`n" Urngbn p Ubns`ln, Awshw norhw al dqgjnw ghwnw ln fqarnl srhcqg`chw cadhlarh c`ragsh cab iràin hb rhoa w`ln xqa fqarnl dac`hcnw urav`hdalsaunr qlh srhcqgg`l w`rhgh73,

Bh norh ca hb$Lhc`d" Hb$F`jr`ws*Ab lc`ga nAb ghsbnin)" wa uqaca cag`r

xqa ìlnrh urgs`ghdalsa ab lndora ca Ubns`ln, Al abbh huhraga shl wbngqhlcn dalg`nlh h hbiqlnw gndalshcnraw n f`bwnfnw xqa fnrdhrnl uhr$sa ca bh `lsabagsqhb`chc jabl`gh" uarn l`liqlh ca wqw norhw huhragal gndnsrhcqg`chw71, W`l adohrin" bhw Alhchw fqarnl srhcqg`chw a `lfbqparnl cadhlarh urnfqlch al bh f`bnwnfh `wbd`gh" uarn fqarnl gnlng`chw gndn bhSanbnih ca Hr`wssabaw76; awsh norh xqa bbavh unr hqsnr h Hr`wssabaw aw qlhuhrfrhw`w ca bh Alhchw @V" V" p V@ ca Ubns`ln79, Ln wbn awsn" w`ln xqa

73 Awsa aw ab ghwn ca bh ac`g`l rhoa cab Ca hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw" xqa sqvn cnw srhcqgg`nlaw"qlh ur`darh rahb`}hch cab w`rhgn" p bqain wnora ab d`wdn sazsn wq srhcqgsnr" Jqlhpl òl@wjhx" rahb`} qlh gnrragg`l cawca ab sazsn h uhrs`r cab gndalshr`n ca Sad`ws`n, Gfr, C NCIA"O," Sja F`jr`ws nf hb$Lhc`d, H salsj$galsqrp wqrvap nf dqwb`d gqbsqra" Gnbqdo`h Ql`varw`sp

Uraww" Lay Pnrk" 8095" uu, 653$651, Uhrh ql awsqc`n urnfqlcn wnora bh ragaug`l cab Cahl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw gfr, _HDL IQA__A_N" _," Bh ragaug`l rhoa cab Ca hl`dh ca

Hr`wssabaw=Hb$K`lc` p Hb$Fhrho`" GW@G" Dhcr`c" 800?" al awuag`hb uu, 91$885,71 Aw wìl`f`ghs`vn xqa hb$Lhc`d jhga ql ragnrr`cn unr snchw bhw norhw ca bnw gndalshcnraw alsra

bhw ui`lhw 659$683" gndalshlcn hbin ca ghch qln ca abbnw p wqw norhw" uhrh xqa f`lhbdalsalnw cìh xqa hb f`lhb ca ql frhidalsn ca dhlqwgr`sn algnlsr ql sazsn xqa dalg`nlhoh hsncnw hxqabbnw xqa jhoh gndalshcn bhw norhw ca Hr`wssabaw" dalg`nlhlcn h Ubns`ln mqlsn gnlSanfrhwsn" Sad`wsn" Unrf`r`n" Hbamhlcrn n W`dub`g`n, Gfr, CNCIA" O," Sja F`jr`ws nf hb$Lhc`d,

H salsj$galsqrp wqrvap nf dqwb`d gqbsqra" u, 683,76 Gfr, CHLGNLH GNWSH" G,"Bh ghwh cabbh whuàl}h" 8006" u, 9?,79 Uhrh ql awsqc`n cashbbhcn wnora ab cawgqor`dàlsn cab nrìal p lhsqrhba}h ca bh Sanbnih" Gfr,

CHLGNLH GNWSH" G, *ac,)" Ubns`ln= Bh c`wgalwh cabbhl`dh la` gnru` *All, @V : [6T),Ubns`l`hlh Hrho`gh, *Uwaqcn$Sanbni`h c` Hr`wsnsaba" Ghu`snb` 8 A 9; Cass` cab whuàlsa iragn"@b Unbìrhfn Wqow`c`h Dac`havhb`h Uhshv`lh" Uhcnvh" ?557" uu, 9?$93, Uhrh ql awsqc`n

gnduhrhs`vn ca bhw Alhchw gnl ab sazsn ca bh Sanbnih cnlca `cals`f`gh bnw uhwhmaw ca bhwAlhchw @V" V p V" gfr, G_Q] JA_LLCA]" D," Bh Sanbnih cab Uwaqcn Hr`wssabaw *K`soQsbph b`$Hr`ws) p bh awsrqgsqrh cab lanubhsnl`wdn `wbd`gn" Hlqhr`n F`bnwf`gn" 77*?555)" uu, :9$885, Wnora bh rachgg`l a `cals`f`ghg`l cab Hchushcnr gfr, ]@DDA_DHLL" F,Y," Sja nrì`lw nf sja wn$ghbbac Sjanbnip nf Hr`wsnsba" al K_HPA" M," _PHL" Y, F,"WGJD@SS G, O," *acw,)" Uwaqcn$Hr`wsnsba `l sja D`ccba Hiaw, Sja Sjanbnip hlc nsjar sazs"Yhroqri @lws`sqs" Bnlcnl" 80:6" uu, 885$?35; p HCHDWNL" U," Sja Hrho`g Ubns`lqw, H Uj`bn$wnuj`ghb Wsqcp nf sja Sjanbnip nf Hr`wsnsba" Cqgkynrsj" Bnlcnl" ?55?" ab ghusqbn 8 SjaHrho`g Ubns`lqw Sazs hlc sja`r Nrì`l" uu, 1$?6, Wnora bnw hiraihcnw gfr, ab ghusqbn ? SjaUrnbniqa hlc sja Jac`liw" uu, ?9$3:,


28/124

Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp?:

gnlsàla calsrn ca wq abhonrhg`l al rhoa ql gnlmqlsn ca lng`nlaw hr`wsn$sb`ghw gndn bh caf`l`g`l ca hbdh p nsrhw ca nrcal rabì`nwn, Awsa dncnuagqb`hr ca srhcqgg`l ln fqa ghwqhb" w`ln xqa rawunlch al uhrsa h ql gnl$mqlsn ca g`rgqlwshlg`hw al bhw xqa wa cawhrrnbbh sncn ab dnv`dàlsn casrhlwbhs`n wsqc`` rhoa= Bh `lsalg`l ca bnw srhcqgsnraw" gndu`bhcnraw pazunw`snraw `wbd`gnw cab ualwhdàlsn hlsìqn arh wq hw`d`bhg`l gqbsqrhb; pbn xqa ragòal bn aw hb dncn cab ragùàlsa= ln bh f`bnwnfh iràih walwq wsr`g$sn" w`ln bh urawalshg`l shrch w`r`n$hbamhlcr`lh" uhihlh n gr`ws`hlh" ca hd$

oàlsa lanubhsl`gn xqa algarrhoh bnw awgr`snw ca Ubhsl" dalnw" p caHr`wssabaw ghw` gndubasn7:,

Hw D, Grq} Jarllca} urawalsh ab hdoàlsa al ab gqhb wqria ab ualwh$dàlsn rhoa" uhrh ab gqhb ab lanubhsnl`wdn arh bh uarwuags`vh ca rafbaz`lf`bnwf`gh gndl" `lgbqwn uhrh bh bagsqrh ca sazsnw hr`wsnsb`gnw, Unr shlsn"wa srhsh ca qlh urawalshg`l lanubhsl`gh p al abbh bhw fqalsaw lanubhsl`ghwrhoaw al rhrh nghw`l gn`lg`chl gnl bnw sazsnw iràinw ca Ubns`ln" Unrf`r`n"Urngbn" asg," gnl wqw gnrrabhs`vnw al baliqh rhoa" gndn al ab ghwn cab K`soqsbph d`l Hr`ws, Uarn bhw cngsr`lhw azuqawshw jhl amarg`cn qlh `lfbqal$g`h azsrhnrc`lhr`h al ab cawhrrnbbn ca bh fhbwhfh `wbd`gh" shlsn unr jhoarwahsròq`cn h Hr`wssabaw wq hqsnrh" gndn unr wq hcagqhg`l h bhw lagaw`chcawca bh c`hbgs`gh sanbi`gh `wbd`gh70,

War unr bn shlsn qlh gnlfqw`l bn xqa or`lchr h Ubns`ln bh nunrsql`chcca `lirawhr al ab dqlcn rhoa unr bh uqarsh irhlca p amargar qlh `lfbqalg`hwìl`f`ghs`vh al bh abhonrhg`l f`bnwf`gh rhoa, Awsa uncar cab hlnl`dhsn"gndn bn calnd`lh F, _nwalsjhb" w`l adohrin urncqga qlh dnc`f`ghg`l albh cngsr`lh35, H f`l ca cawshghr bhw dnc`f`ghg`nlaw xqa wqfra ab sazsn ubns`l`h$ln" gndn hlsawhbh ca bh srhlwfnrdhg`l ca bh cngsr`lh uarùhss`gh wnora abhbdh xqa algnlsrhdnw al bnw hqsnraw `wbd`gnw" jhradnw qlh orava rawah hgnls`lqhg`l wnora bhw `cahw ur`lgùhbaw ca Ubns`ln hgargh cab hbdh" uhrhbqain var gdn warl dnc`f`ghchw al bh uhrfrhw`w rhoa,

7:

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Dnlnirhujw nl dac`sarrhlahl hls`xq`sp @@" Or`bb" Ba`cal" 806:" uu, 11$91,70 G_Q] JA_LHLCA]" D," Bh Sanbnih cab Uwaqcn Hr`wssabaw *K`so Qsbph b`$Hr`ws) p bh

awsrqgsqrh cab lanubhsnl`wdn `wbd`gn" u, 856,35 Gfr, _NWALSJHB" F," Ubns`lqw `l @wbhd= sja unyar nf Hlnlpd`sp" Hss` cab Gnlvailn `lsarlh$

}`nlhba wqb sadh= Ubns`ln a `b Lanubhsnl`wdn `l Nràlsa a `l Ngg`calsa, Hghcad`h Lh}`nlhbaca` B`ga`" 798" 80: *8093)" uu, 379$336" ra`durawn al _NWALSHB" F," Iraak Uj`bnwnujp `l sja

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h) Bh grs`gh ca Ubns`ln h Hr`wssabaw

Gndn ph wa ubhlsa al ab huhrshcn hlsar`nr" Hr`wssabaw al ab Ca hl`dhcaf`la ab hbdh gndn uarfagg`l n alsabaxq`h cab gqarun *383h ?6), Gndngnlwagqalg`h ca awsh `lsarurashg`l" ab Awshi`r`sh gnduralca xqa awshdnwjhobhlcn ca qlh ql`chc wqwshlg`hb alsra qlh fnrdh p ql gqarun" unr bn gqhbab hbdh ln uqaca az`ws`r ca l`lil dncn wauhrhch cab gqarun *387 h3$6);bbaihlcn h wnwsalar xqa `lgbqwn qlh uhrsa cab hbdh wa gnrrnduarh gnl abd`wdn gqarun *375 h?5$?1),

Aw gnlng`ch bh grs`gh xqa rahb`}h Ubns`ln wnora c`ws`lsnw hwuagsnw ca bhcngsr`lh hr`wsnsb`gh, Bh sanrh cab hbdh gndn alsabaxq`h ln war bh azgau$g`l" al bh Alhch @V" *9" :1) Ubns`ln gr`s`gh ca dhlarh urnfqlch bh cngsr`lhhr`wsnsb`gh ca xqa ab hbdh aw fnrdh, Hw wa baa al qln ca bnw uhwhmaw= Uqawoàl" w` ab hbdh aw wadamhlsa h hxqabbh *fnrdh) gnl bh xqa jh w`cn gnd$uhrhch" n wah" w` aw gndn bh fnrdh ca qlh awshsqh gnl rabhg`l hb ornlga" al$snlgaw" w` wa c`v`ca ab gqarun" wa gnl$c`v`c`r gnl ab hbdh" p" w` wa hduqsh hb$iqlh uhrsa cab gqarun" mqlsn gnl bh uhrsa hduqshch" jhor qlh unrg`l ca hb$dh, Hcadw ab hbdh ln uncrh ras`rhrwa cqrhlsa ab wqan" w` aw varchc xqa bhhgsqhb`chc caoa awshr hcjar`ch h hxqabbn ca bn xqa aw hgsqhb`chc; p bh varchcaw xqa l` w`xqàrh wa urncqg`r ab wqan38,

Mqlsn gnl awshw nomag`nlaw h bh saw`w cab hbdh gndn fnrdh" hiraih xqamqwshdalsa wsh d`wdh urncqga ql urnobadh dhpnr" cab gqhb ab d`wdnHr`wssabaw wa chrh gqalsh" p unr awn wa va nobìhcn h `lsrncqg`r ql ur`lgù`nc`ws`lsn" xqa aw ab `lsabagsn= W` ab hbdh aw hgsqhb`chc" shdungn jhor nunw`$g`l alsra bh rh}l p bnw huas`snw" w`ln xqa ab gnlmqlsn xqachr hfagshcn pualasrhcn sncn b unr qlh d`wdh p l`gh hfagg`l" w`l xqa c`wàlsh ca wd`wdn, P aw unwòba xqa wa urncq}ghl shb va} wbn walwhg`nlaw" uarn `dun$wòba xqa wa urncq}ghl bhw `lsabagg`nlaw, Unr awn abbnw d`wdnw [bnw hr`wsns$b`gnwT `lsrncqgal nsrh hbdh" n damnr" qlh `lsabìalg`h" xqa wnwsàlal xqa aw`ldnrshb3?,

Hw" Ubns`ln gnlgbqpa xqa unr dw xqa wa `lsrncq}gh awsa lqavn ur`lgù`n

p xqa unchdnw `lsalshr azub`ghr bh rahb`chc rhg`nlhb ca nsrn dncn" p wqhgsqhb`chc gndn qlh hgsqhb`chc wauhrhoba" ab dncn al ab gqhb aw gnduralc`$ch unr uhrsa ca Hr`wssabaw ln ch bqihr h xqa awsn wah hw" chcn xqa sncngnlng`dàlsn sàla wq fqlchdalsn al bhw awuagàw walwòbaw xqa raw`cal al abgnduqawsn p ln al bh hgsqhb`chc wauhrhch,

38 UBNS@LN"Alhchw" @V" 9" :1" 1$88,3? UBNS@LN"Alhchw" @V" 9" :1" 8?$?5,


30/124

Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp75

Hw f`lhbdalsa Ubns`ln gnlgbqpa xqa ab hbdh ln unwaa wq war unr warfnrdh ca hbin= Hlsaw hb gnlsrhr`n aw qlh wqwshlg`h xqa ln ragòa wq war unrab jagjn ca raw`c`r al ql gqarun" w`ln xqa az`wsa hql hlsaw ca jhgarwa hbdhca ql hl`dhb gnlgrasn; n wah xqa ln war ab gqarun ab xqa alialcra ab hbdhcab hl`dhb37,

Al awsh grs`gh jhg`h Hr`wssabaw" Ubns`ln aws rahf`rdhlcn wq cngsr`lh xqagnduralca hb hbdh gndn qlh jùwshw`w unr w wqow`wsalsa, Awsh cngsr`lhvàla ca bh rahb`chc snshb cab gnwdnw" al bh gqhb ab hbdh aw ab ur`lgù`n ql`f`$

ghcnr, Uhrh Ubns`ln" ab hbdh az`wsa gndn wq urnu`h jùwshw`w wnora ab gqar$un, Qln uqaca cag`r xqa bh c`f`gqbshc uhrh Ubns`ln aw azub`ghr gdn ab hbdhuqaca awshr al ql gqarun n awshr al rabhg`l gnl b" dàlsrhw xqa uhrh Hr`w$ssabaw bh c`f`gqbshc aw azub`ghr gdn" cawuqw ca sncn" ab hbdh uqaca az`ws`rwauhrhch cab gqarun33,

Ubns`ln wa dqawsrh gndn ql hqsnr grs`gn h bh cngsr`lh hr`wsnsb`gh algqhlsn gnlgòa ab hbdh gndn fnrdh ca ql gnduqawsn, Awsh grs`gh vàla ch$ch unr qlh gnlgaug`l cab hbdh gndn qlh jùwshw`w `lcaualcàlsa p hlsa$r`nr hb gqarun, Hjnrh hlhb`}hradnw ca xq dncn algnlsrhdnw awshw cngsr`lhwibnwhchw al ab sazsn rhoa p gdn ca hbiqlh dhlarh ialarh qlh cngsr`lh albh gqhb hdonw uqlsnw co`baw ca ghch cngsr`lh wa val ca hbil dncn oala$

f`g`hcnw" hqlxqa ln camh ca urncqg`r gàrshw c`f`gqbshcaw,

o) Bh cngsr`lh cab hbdh al ab Ubns`ln rhoaBh norh ca Ubns`ln" gndn ph wa gndals" fqa srhcqg`ch p hchushch calsrn

ca bh Ghwh ca bh who`cqrh; dw awuagf`ghdalsa calsrn cab grgqbn ca bh aw$gqabh ca Hbk`lc`" xqàl `lsaruras awsh norh gndn bh norh gqbd`lhlsa cabgnruqw hr`wsnsb`gn,

Al nrcal h bh urawalsa `lvawsìhg`l" urawshradnw awuag`hb hsalg`l h bhgnlgaug`l rafaralsa h bh lhsqrhba}h cab hbdh jqdhlh p wq f`l" aw cag`r" wqrasnrln hb Qln, Bbhdhradnw bh hsalg`l wnora hbiqlhw ca bhw dnc`f`ghg`nlawxqa wqfra ab sazsn ubns`l`hln" awuag`hbdalsa al hxqabbhw uhrsaw cnlca aw

37 UBNS@LN"Alhchw" @V" 9" :1" 35$3?,33 HCHDWNL" U," Sja Hrho`g Ubns`lqw" u, 15,


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av`calsa xqa ab Hchushcnr31 `lsalsh hgarghr wq rachgg`l shlsn h bh norh caHr`wssabaw gndn h bnw uragausnw p ur`lgù`nw rabì`nwnw36,

Gndn ph wa v`n al ab huhrshcn hlsar`nr" Ubns`ln j`}n qlh grs`gh urnfqlchh bh `cah cab hbdh gndn fnrdh39, Bh varw`l rhoa urawalsh ql sazsn wada$mhlsa al wq srhcqgg`l" w`l adohrin bh dnc`f`ghg`l xqa wa rahb`}h al awsafrhidalsn aw qlh ca bhw xqa dhpnr `lfbqalg`h salcr al bh sanrh wnora ab hb$dh al bnw hqsnraw dqwqbdhlaw p" unr abbnw" al bh srhc`g`l bhs`lh, Al ur`darbqihr wa rau`sa bh v`w`l laihs`vh al bn rafaralsa h bh `cals`f`ghg`l cab hbdh

gnl bh fnrdh" w`l adohrin ln aw dqp shmhlsa al bh laihs`vh" bn xqa `lsarawhhb Hchushcnr aw xqa wa uargòh bh c`ws`lg`l marrxq`gh alsra ab hbdh p bhfnrdh dhsar`hb= L` ab hbdh aw gndn bh fnrdh al bh dhsar`h, Bh rh}l aw xqabh fnrdh ln aw wauhrhoba ca bh dhsar`h w`ln unr gnrrqug`l p ab hbdh ln awshw al ab gqarun" w`ln xqa wa wauhrh cab gqarun w`l gnrrqug`l, Hcadw bhdhsar`h aw hlsaw xqa bh fnrdh" uarn ab gqarun ln aw hlsaw xqa ab hbdh, Bhrh}l aw xqa aw ab hbdh bh xqa unla fnrdh al bh dhsar`h" uqawsn xqa aw abbh bhxqa fnrdh al bh dhsar`h p bh xqa sndh unr gqarun h bh dhsar`h 3:,

W` oàl jhwsh hxq bh dnc`f`ghg`l ln aw uargausòba rawuagsn h wq uhrhbabniràin" al ab wìqàlsa urrhfn wa uncr baar ab i`rn" h f`l ca xqa ab bagsnr vahawsh ur`darh nomag`l h bh sanrh j`badrf`gh gndn ql ragqrwn rasr`gn uhrh

`lsrncqg`r qlh c`ws`lg`l p uncar ualwhr al ab war cab hbdh gndn hbin dwcìln= Wàlcn ab hbdh bh xqa fnrdh bh dhsar`h p bh xqa wa bh sndh unr gqar$un" ln jhp cqch ca xqa ln aws al ab gqarun gndn bh fnrdh al bh dhsar`h"unrxqa bh ghqwh ln aws al bn ghqwhcn gndn bh gnwh wnunrshch" uqaw ca bngnlsrhr`n bh ghqwh warh uhw`l n hfagg`l ca bn ghqwhcn, Awsn aw hbin dqp`llnoba" unrxqa bn ghqwhcn aw bh uhw`l n hfagg`l, Bh ghqwh aws al bnghqwhcn gndn ab hialsa urncqgsnr ca uhw`l n hfagg`l p bn ghqwhcn al bhghqwh gndn bn norhcn" hfagshcn30,

31 H f`l ca c`ws`liq`r alsra Ubns`ln" rachgsnr ca bhwAlhchw" p ab hqsnr ca bh hchushg`l rhoa cabsazsn" lnw rafar`radnw hb hqsnr ca bh Sanbnih gndn ab hchushcnr" wìqàlcn h U, HCHDWNL,

36

Ln lagawhr`hdalsa ab rachgsnr jhorh w`cn dqwqbdl, Jhp gàrsnw `lc`g`nw calsrn ca bh norhxqa uqacal uard`s`r `lsq`r xqa fqarh hbil dàdorn gr`ws`hln xq`}w lawsnr`hln n dnln$f`w`sh cab grgqbn ca Hbk`lc`, Ca sncnw dncnw awsh gqaws`l azgaca bhw `lsalg`nlaw ca lqawsrnsrhohmn, Uhrh urnfqlc`}hr al awsh gqaws`l" gfr, HCHDWNL" U," Sja Hrho`g Ubns`lqw" u, 8:;CHLGNLH GNWSH" G," Uar ql Urnf`bn F`bnwnf`gn cabbHqsnra cabbh Sjanbni`h c` Hr`wsnsaba"

Dac`navn" 89 *8008)" uu, :?$873,39 Gfr, UBNS@LN"Alhchw" @V" 7,3: UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih ca Hr`wsnsabaw" srhc, B, _qo`n" Uhqb`lhw" Dhcr`c" 809:" uu,

00$855,30 UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih ca Hr`wsnsabaw" u, 855, Bhw gqrw`vhw wnl lqawsrhw,


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Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp7?

Hw xqach rahf`rdhcn ab uhuab cab hbdh gndn fnrdh" uarn ghdo`h wqwshsqw" bh hgg`l ca war fnrdh ln rawunlca h bh uraiqlsh unr ab xq aw abhbdh" aw cag`r" unr wq xq`c`chc, Bh awalg`h cab hbdh aw hbin c`ws`lsn xqa wqhgg`l n rabhg`l gnl ab gqarun, Al awsn aw gbhrn xqa ab rachgsnr ca bh var$w`l rhoa aws ca hgqarcn" unrxqa dw hcabhlsa" gqhlcn bbaih h bh uhrfrhw`wca bh Alhch @V" 9" :1" cnlca bh grs`gh aw c`ragsh h bh caf`l`g`l ca hbdhgndn alsabaxq`h" ab Hchushcnr ln cqch al srhcqg`r ghw` w`l dnc`f`ghg`nlaw=W` c`gal xqa bnw dw azgabalsaw f`bwnfnw awshohl ca hgqarcn al xqa ab

Hbdh aw bh uarfagg`l cab gqarun p xqa bh uarfagg`l ln aw wqowshlg`h" bqainab Hbdh ln uqaca war wqowshlg`h" unrxqa bh uarfagg`l ca qlh gnwh wbnuarsalaga h bh wqowshlg`h ca bh gnwh" rawunlcadnw xqa gnlvàla azhd`lhrwq cngsr`lh ca xqa ab hbdh aw qlh uarfagg`l casard`lhch p al xq wals`cn bhbbhdhdnw alsabaxq`h, Cag`dnw" uqaw" xqa bnw dw azgabalsaw f`bwnfnwdalg`nlhl xqa ab Hbdh al ab gqarun wbn cawaduah bh fqlg`l ca bh fnrdhal v`rsqc ca bh gqhb ab gqarun aw hl`dhcn" bn d`wdn xqa bh dhsar`h al v`rsqcca bh fnrdh aw gqarun" uarn xqa" hqlxqa ab hbdh aw gqarun unrxqa wsa wahgqarun" w`ln xqa abbh wbn aw fnrdh ca ql gqarun cnshcn ca bh v`ch alunsalg`h, W` ab hbdh aw uarfagg`l wail awsh dhlarh xqa wa hghoh cacawgrò`r" alsnlgaw ln uarsalaga hb do`sn cab gqarun, Bh azub`ghg`l aw xqa"w` ab Hbdh fqarh fnrdh cab gqarun h bh dhlarh ca bh fnrdh az`wsalsa al qlh

awshsqh ca ornlga" alsnlgaw ngqrr`rh xqa" gqhlcn wa c`v`ca ab gqarun p awwagg`nlhcn al uhrsaw" wa c`v`c`rh p warh wagg`nlhch al uhrsaw shdo`l abbh p"gqhlcn fqarh gnrshcn qln ca bnw dàdornw cab gqarun" wa gnrshrh shdo`lqlh uhrsa ca abbhw, Uarn awn ln aw hw, Bqain alsnlgaw ab Hbdh ln aw fnrdhuarfags`vh ca bh d`wdh dhlarh xqa bh fnrdh lhsqrhb p hrs`f`g`hb" w`ln xqa wbnaw uarfagg`l unrxqa abbh aw bh xqa uarfagg`nlh ab gqarun uhrh xqa wsabbaiqa h awshr cnshcn ca walwò`b`chc a `lsabìalg`h15,

Hjnrh oàl" gndn ph wa jhoh hcvars`cn al bhw cnw g`shw hlsar`nraw" abHchushcnr va bh nomag`l ca Ubns`ln" p bh raabhonrh, @l`g`hbdalsa hcd`sasncn bn xqa aws al ab gnlsal`cn cab sazsn lanubhsl`gn" uarn al ab dndalsnca bh gnlgbqw`l" ch ql i`rn cnlca vqabva h jho`b`shr bh caf`l`g`l ca hbdh

gndn uarfagg`l" hqlxqa gnduralcàlcn unr uarfagg`l qlh lng`l dwhdub`h" p ln wbn gndn fnrdh, U, Hchdwnl cawshgh" hb gndalshr awsa sazsn"ab gnlng`dàlsn urnfqlcn ca bh norh ca Hr`wssabaw xqa salh ab rachgsnr cabh uhrfrhw`w= Gbhrhdalsa awsh hcvarsalg`h wqria unr ab gnlng`dàlsn caHr`wssabaw cab Hchushcnr, Ur`darn" c`ga xqa aw qlh unwsqrh al bh xqa bnw

15 UWAQCN$H_@WSNSABAW" Sanbnih" uu, 887$883, Bhw gqrw`vhw wnl lqawsrhw,


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dw azgabalsaw f`bwnfnw awshohl ca hgqarcn raadubh}hlcn bh azuraw`lhoàrsh ca Ubns`ln wa c`ga, Waiqlcn" dhlsàla bh azuraw`l iràih alsaba$gj`h srhlwb`sarhch" xqa ch hqsnr`chc h bh unwsqrh xqa wa aws c`wgqsàlcn" puqaca shdo`l `dub`ghr xqa b gnlnga bhw uhbhorhw d`wdhw ca Hr`wssabaw,Al sargar bqihr" dhlsàla fàbdalsa bh g`sh ca Hr`wssabaw wnora ab hbdh gndnfnrdh ca ql gqarun xqa unwaa bh v`ch al unsalg`h18,

Wa algnlsrhr gndn gnlgbqw`l ca awshw c`ws`lg`nlaw p nomag`nlaw bhazub`ghg`l ca bnw cnw dncnw ca gnduralcar bh lng`l ca uarfagg`l n alsa$

baxq`h, Qlh xqa huhraga al ongh ca bnw f`bwnfnw dhsar`hb`wshw n gnrun$rawshw p bh nsrh xqa aw bh urnuqawsh ca bh lng`l ca alsabaxq`h gndnuarfagg`l hialsa= Al ghdo`n lnwnsrnw cafalcadnw xqa ln jhp nsrh hbdhc`ws`lsh ca awsh hbdh rhg`nlhb xqa aws al ab gqarun hjnrh xqa aw hxqabbh ca bhgqhb c`gal bnw f`bwnfnw xqa aw alsabaxq`h cab gqarun, Uarn awsnw hcvàrsalxqa wbn aw alsabaxq`h p fnrdh uarfags`vh ca nsrh dhlarh c`ws`lsh ca bhdhlarh xqa dalg`nlhl bnw Gnrunrawshw" xqàrn cag`r" xqa ln aw uarfagg`lhb dncn ca bh uarfagg`l lhsqrhb norhch" w`ln xqa wbn aw uarfagg`l hialsa"aw cag`r" xqa norh bh uarfagg`l, Al awsa wals`cn c`gal xqa ab hbdh aw uar$fagg`l cab gqarun lhsqrhb cnshcn ca rihlnw" cnshcnw ca hbdh p unsalg`h1?,

Gnl sncn bn azuqawsn jhwsh hjnrh wa uqaca ubhlsahr xqa al bh norh cab

Ubns`ln rhoa wa urncqga qlh dnc`f`ghg`l unr uhrs`ch cnoba, Unr ql bhcn"ca dhlarh c`ragsh wa aws dnc`f`ghlcn ab sazsn ca Ubns`ln" uhrh xqa wah gnl$fnrda h bh cngsr`lh hr`wsnsb`gh, Uarn h bh va}" al awsh owxqach ca jhgarbngn`lg`c`r" shdo`l wa dnc`f`gh bh cngsr`lh hr`wsnsb gh" bh gqhb wa urawalsh gnlqlh uarwuags`vh dw gbhrh rawuagsn h bh rahb`chc awu`r`sqhb, Awsh dnc`f`ghg`law ragò`ch gnl oqalnw nmnw unr uhrsa ca bh srhc`g`l rhoa= Baw cawgnl$gars" w`l adohrin" xqa al awsa srhohmn [bh SanbnihT" h c`faralg`h ca Wnora abhbdh" wa wnwsalh bh wauhrho`b`chc p bh `ldnrshb`chc cab hbdh, Unr shlsn" hwq$dàrnl xqa bh alsabaxq`h wqgach hb ohmhr ab hbdh p alghrlhrwa al ql gqarun,Wbn al awa dndalsn" ab hbdh wa gnlw`carh ur`lgù`n ca v`ch p dnv`dàlsn,Uarn hb uaragar ab gqarun ab hbdh hwgàlca qlh va} dw p vqabva h wq awshcnnrì`lhr`n, Unr shlsn" w` oàl bh `ldnrshb`chc cab hbdh c`fg`bdalsa wa wìqa

ca Wnora ab hbdh [T" al bh Sanbnih" ql sazsn lanubhsl`gn dw xqa hr`wsn$sb`gn" w wa wqwgròa, Unr shlsn" bnw rhoaw jhbbhrnl al bh Sanbnih qlh

18 HCHDWNL" U," Sja Hrho`g Ubns`lqw" uu, 1?$17, Bqain ca awshw hcvarsalg`hw" Hchdwnl lnwor`lch qlh gnduhrhg`l ca hdonw frhidalsnw ab cab Ca hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw p ab ca Ubns`lnrhoa$ p cawshgh bhw ca bhw wadamhl}hw sazsqhbaw az`wsalsaw,

1? UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih" u, 881,


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Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp73

mqws`f`ghg`l ubhsl`gn$hr`wsnsb`gh" s`b uhrh dnwsrhr bhw gnduhsò`b`chcawalsra bnw cnw irhlcaw f`bwnfnw hlsìqnw17,

Hjnrh oàl" cao`cn h awsh gndo`lhg`l alsra bh cngsr`lh hr`wsnsb`gh p bhubhsl`gh" rawqbsh qlh cngsr`lh xqa rawqabva ab urnobadh hr`wsnsb`gn ca bh`ldnrshb`chc; w`l adohrin chh bh gqaws`l dw wb`ch ca wsh" xqa aw bhql`l wqwshlg`hb Gdn wa rabhg`nlh al hbdh gnl ab gqarun p ca xq lhsq$rhba}h aw wq ql`l>

Ubns`ln dalg`nlh cnw dncnw ca rabhg`nl cab hbdh gnl ab gqarun= qlh ca

dhlarh hlbnih h gndn norh bh fnrdh gnl ab gqarun" p bh nsrh hb dncn al abgqhb ab hrsawhln qs`b`}h ab `lwsrqdalsn13, Cag`dnw xqa bnw gqarunw wnl uhr$saw unrxqa wnl gqarunw, H ghqwh ca awsn wa c`v`cal" wa gndunlal p wa c`w$iraihl al uhrsaw uaxqahw, Awsh aw qlh ca bhw gbhwaw ca wq gnrrqug`l,Wàlcn awsn ca bh dhlarh gndn bn hghohdnw ca cawgrò`r p" wàlcn ab gqarunqlh uhrsa cab jndora xqa gha ohmn bh gnrrqug`l" ln jhp cqch ca xqa abjndora" sncn alsarn" ln gha ohmn bh gnrrqug`l" w`ln xqa wbn gha ohmn bhgnrrqug`l qlh ca wqw uhrsaw p lhch dw, Bh uhrsa xqa gha ohmn bh gnrrqug`law ab `lwsrqdalsn, Wbn ab `lwsrqdalsn wa gnrrndua p ln uarw`wsa" unrxqa ab`lwsrqdalsn wbn aw oqwghcn unr rh}l ca hbiqlh lagaw`chc p bh lagaw`chcwbn aw sadunrhb, Al bh lhsqrhba}h cab `lwsrqdalsn vh `dubg`sn ab xqa wa

gnrrnduh p ln uarw`wsh, Bh rh}l aw unrxqa" ab xqa lagaw`sh adubahr ab`lwsrqdalsn unr qlh lagaw`chc casard`lhch" gqhlcn sard`lh bh lagaw`chc hghqwh ca bh gqhb adubah ab `lwsrqdalsn" ab`d`lh wsa p bn hohlcnlh p" qlhva} xqa bn jh ab`d`lhcn ln salàlcn gq`chcn ca b" wa gnrrndua p ln uarw`wsaal wq awshcn11,

Al bn hrròh azuqawsn xqach gbhrn ab ghrgsar `lwsrqdalshb cab gqarun p bhc`ws`lg`l nlsnbi`gh alsra ab hbdh p ab gqarun, W`l adohrin" hb ìqhb xqa albnw nsrnw ghwnw ab Hchushcnr ca bh varw`l rhoa jhga qwn ca bh hlhbnihalsra hbdh p fnrdh uhrh dnc`f`ghr ab sazsn lanubhsl`gn a `lgnrunrhr qlgndunlalsa hr`wsnsb`gn dw; hw gndn bh fnrdh lagaw`sh cab gqarun uhrh waral bh rahb`chc" ab hbdh lagaw`sh cab gqarun, Al ghdo`n ab hbdh aw f`mh"wqow`wsalsa al ql l`gn awshcn" ln wa gnrrndua l` sard`lh, Al v`rsqc ca abbhaw ab jndora bn xqa aw" h whoar" bh gnwh varchcarh al bh gqhb ln jhp fhbwachcgqhlcn wa hhca hb gqarun, Bh lagaw`chc xqa ab hbdh sàla cab gqarun aw

17 BUA]$FH_MAHS" B, Z," Bh `ldnrshb`chc cab hbdh al bh Sjanbni`h uwaqcnHr`wsnsb`gh p wquhuab al bh f`bnwnfh ca hb$Fro" Awsqc`nw ca Hw`h p fr`gh *Gnbai`n ca Dz`gn)" 35"7*?551)" uu, 199$656" u, 106,

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gndn bh lagaw`chc xqa bh fnrdh sàla ca bh dhsar`h p gndn bh lagaw`chc xqasàla ab hrsawhln ca bnw `lwsrqdalsnw, Ab jndora" uqaw" aw ab hbdh" unrxqadac`hlsa ab hbdh aw bn xqa aw p al v`rsqc ca abbh aw awshoba" uaruasqn, Alghdo`n" al v`rsqc cab gqarun aw uaragacarn" gnrrqusòba, Bh rh}l aw xqasncn gqarun aw gnduqawsn p sncn gnduqawsn gha ohmn bh c`wnbqg`l p gnrrqu$g`l, Bqain sncn gqarun aw c`wnbqoba" gha ohmn bh gnrrqug`l16,

Ab jndora wa urawalsh `cals`f`ghcn gnl ab hbdh, Ab jndora aw ab hbdh" pgndn ab hbdh aw wauhrhch" aw f`mh" aw asarlh; p unr bn d`wdn" `ldnrshb, Bh

rabhg`l cab hbdh gnl ab gqarun wa urawalsh gndn `lwsrqdalshb, Hjnlchra$dnw hjnrh al bh rabhg`l alsra ab gqarun p ab hbdh gndn dac`n ca gnd$uralw`l cab f`l cab jndora,

g) Bh rabhg`l hbdh$gqarun p ab f`l cab jndoraWail sncn bn azuqawsn jhwsh hjnrh uncadnw gnlgbq`r xqa ab hbdh jqdh$

lh wa urawalsh gndn qlh rahb`chc xqa jhga qwn cab gqarun" gndn ql hrsawhlnjhga qwn ca bh jarrhdàlsh" uarn xqa w` bh gnlw`carhdnw al w sàla qlh`lcaualcalg`h ca wsa" unr bn dalnw al ab nrcal cab war, Aw cag`r" dàlsrhwxqa bh rahb`chc dhsar`hb ca lqawsrn gqarun wa wndasa h bh ialarhg`l p bhgnrrqug`l" bh rahb`chc ca lqawsrh hbdh xqa al ab fnlcn aw bh rahb`chc cab

jndora uhrh Ubns`ln p uhrh ab Hchushcnr aws wauhrhch ca bh dhsar`h" p unrbn shlsn wauhrhch ca bh ialarhg`l p bh gnrrqug`l,

Al bh cngsr`lh lanubhsl`gh xqa hxq awshdnw cawhrrnbbhlcn" bh uraiqlshunr ab f`l ca ql wqmasn" al gàrsn wals`cn wa rawunlca h uhrs`r ca bh uraiqlshunr ab gndàl}n, Unr bn gqhb" hlsaw ca azunlar ab f`l cab hbdh caoadnw az$ub`ghr gdn wa nrì`lh ab hbdh wail bh cngsr`lh azuqawsh al bh Sanbnih, Alabbh ab gnwdnw aws nrì`lhcn unr ql gnlmqlsn ca adhlhg`nlaw" xqa uqaca warrawqd`cn wìqàlcn ab sazsn cab urnbnin ca bh ac`g`l rhoa= Abbh [bh C`v`$l`chcT aw bh ghqwh ca bhw ghqwhw" `lvalsnrh ca abbhw dac`hlsa ql dncn uhr$s`gqbhr ca `lvalg`l xqa bh unsalg`h `bqd`lhs`vh car`vh ca Abbh wnora bh @l$sabìalg`h p ca Abbh unr dac`n ca bh @lsabìalg`h wnora ab Hbdh ql`varwhb ca

bhw awfarhw" ca bh @lsabìalg`h unr dac`n cab Hbdh wnora bh Lhsqrhba}h p cabHbdh unr dac`n ca bh Lhsqrhba}h wnora bhw gnwhw ialarhobaw p gnrrqusòbaw"xqa awsh hgg`l vàla ca bh @lsabìalg`h w`l dnv`dàlsn" xqa ab dnv`dàlsn

16 UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih" u, ?8:,


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Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp76

ca snchw bhw gnwhw vàla ca abbh p unr wq ghlhb n ghqwh p xqa bhw gnwhw wadqaval jhg`h abbh dac`hlsa ql dncn ca cawan p lnwshbi`h19,

Ab nrìal cab hbdh aw hbsn" sàla qlh marhrxqh xqa bh jhga wquar`nr h bhwgnwhw xqa bh rncahl al awsa dqlcn" aw cag`r" h bh rahb`chc walwòba, Ab hbdhln jh w`cn grahch al awsa dqlcn unr `lsalg`l ca bh ghqwh ur`darh" w`ln xqawa jh ghcn" jh uarc`cn wq wshsqw al ab dqlcn wquar`nr" p hjnrh caoa bnirhrrac`d`rwa unr dac`n ca bh v`rsqc" bh uàchc p ab gnlng`dàlsn, Aw `lsarawhlsavar gdn ln wbn wa rahb`} qlh dnc`f`ghg`l ca bnw sazsnw ubns`l`hlnw h f`l

ca jhgarbnw gnduhsòbaw gnl bh cngsr`lh hr`wsnsb`gh" w`ln shdo`l gnl bhv`w`l rabì`nwh ca bh v`ch jqdhlh" h f`l ca jhgar dw hgaushoba bh cngsr`lhca bnw iràinw h bnw `lsabagsqhbaw ca bh ungh, Ql amadubn ca abbn aw gdn bhrafaralg`h h Aducngbaw" xqàl wnwsqvn xqa bhw hbdhw jhohl ghcn unr wqsrhlwiraw`l p xqa `lgbqwn b d`wdn jhoh jq`cn ca bnw c`nwaw" aw gnlvars`cnal ql sazsn dw hgnrca gnl bh cngsr`lh rabì`nwh= Al gqhlsn h Aducngbaw"cagh xqa bhw hbdhw awshohl wbn al ab dqlcn hbsn" lnoba" uarn xqa qlh va}xqa jqoàrnl uaghcn" ghparnl h awsa dqlcn" p xqa shdo`l b bbai h awsadqlcn wbn unr jq`r ca bh gbarh ca C`nw" azgabwn, Dhw" qlh va} xqa cawgal$c` h awsa dqlcn" wa gnlv`rs` al hpqch ca bhw hbdhw xqa salhl `lsabìalg`hwsqrohchw baw nrcalhoh hohlcnlhr awsa dqlcn p bn xqa jhp al b" c`rì`rwa hwq dqlcn ur`darn" wquar`nr" lnoba p baw nrcalhoh uac`r uarcl h C`nw" un$carnwn p irhlca" uhrh xqa nosqvàrhl hxqab cawghlwn p irhg`h al ab gqhbawsqvàrnl ur`darhdalsa1:,

Awshw `lc`ghg`nlaw ca bhw alwahl}hw ca Aducngbaw al wq irhl dhpnrhwnl hhc`cnw" p vhl gnlfnrda h bn xqa oqwgh alwahr ab Hchushcnr= xqa phbnw hlsìqnw uargòhl bh lagaw`chc ca rac`d`rwa" gnduralchl ab awshcn ch$hcn ca bh lhsqrhba}h jqdhlh, P mqwshdalsa war unr ql rasnrln h bh v`rsqc"unr dac`n ca bh uqr`f`ghg`l cab hbdh unr bh xqa wa vqabva h var h C`nw, Bhv`rsqc wa `cals`f`gh gnl bh @lsabìalg`h" unr abbn uhrh oqwghr bh v`rsqc ab hbdhjqdhlh caoa bbaihr h algnlsrhrwa gnl abbh, Dhw" bhw v`rsqcaw ln awsl uar$uasqhdalsa al ab hbdh xqa uàlwh" w`ln xqa hbiqlhw vagaw wnl az`wsalsaw alabbh" gqhlcn rafbaz`nlh hgargh ca abbhw, Bh rh}l aw xqa" gqhlcn ab hbdh bhl$19 UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih" u, 18$1?, Nsrnw bqihraw uhrhbabnw Gfr, UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW"

Sanbnih" uu, 85:" 878$837 p 86:$895, Gfr, _QO@N" B," Ab lanubhsnl`wdn ca bh Sanbnih cabUwaqcn$Hr`wssabaw p wq urnpagg`l al bh Achc Dac`h" G`qchc ca C`nw" ?5?*80:0)" uu, 1?$11,

1: UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih" u, 98, Gfr, UBNS@LN"Alhchw" @V" :" 8, Al ldarn ca sazsnwuhrhbabnw al bnw xqa wa jhobh ca uaghcn" racalg`l p v`rsqc gndn dac`n ca whbvhg`l" wnlazsalwnw al bh Sanbnih, Gfr, G_Q] JA_LHLCA]" D," Bh Sanbnih cab Uwaqcn Hr`wssabaw*K`so Qsbph b`$Hr`ws) p bh awsrqgsqrh cab lanubhsnl`wdn `wbd`gn" uu, 0?$858,


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}h wq v`wsh h bh @lsabìalg`h" wbn nosàla ca abbh hbiqlhw gbhwaw ca v`rsqcawwail bh dac`ch cab bhl}hdàlsn ca wq v`wsh h abbh, Dhw" gqhlcn urnbnlih bhd`rhch h bh @lsabìalg`h" nosàla ca abbh bhw v`rsqcaw lnobaw" uarn" w` wa c`w$srha" vqabva bh d`rhch h bn walwòba p wa ngquh ca abbn" bh @lsabìalg`h ln caw$onrch wnora abbh l`liqlh v`rsqc p ab hbdh wa jhga gndn w` fqarh hbiqlh gnwhwalwòba" ohmh, Al ghdo`n" gqhlcn rafbaz`nlh al hbiqlh ca bhw v`rsqcaw pcawah hcxq`r`rbh" d`rh h bh @lsabìalg`h p wsh alsnlgaw cawonrch wnora abbh bhv`rsqc 10,

Hw gndn bh grahg`l wa c`n unr dac`n ca qlh adhlhg`l h dncn ca ghw$ghch" wa caoa vnbvar h C`nw hwgalcàlcn unr dac`n ca ghch qln ca awsnw gà$bnw" uhrh bbaihr f`lhbdalsa h var h C`nw, Awsa ghd`ln ca hwgalwn wa bnirh unrdac`n ca bh `lsar`nr`chc, Bh cawgrùg`l cab hwgalwn gndn ghd`ln `lsar`nr"wa baa al ab wìqàlsa sazsn= Al varchc pn fragqalsadalsa da ja xqachcnwnbn gnl d` hbdh" ja camhcn d` gqarun h ql bhcn p ja bbaihcn h war gndnqlh wqowshlg`h cawlqch w`l gqarun p h awshr calsrn al d` awalg`h" vqabsn habbh fqarh cab rawsn ca bhw gnwhw, Alsnlgaw wnp ab gnlng`dàlsn p ab gni$lnwgalsa p bn gnlng`cn mqlshdalsa, Van al d` awalg`h shlsh jardnwqrh" aw$ubalcnr p bq} xqa da xqacn dhrhv`bbhcn" awsquafhgsn, Alsnlgaw gnln}gn xqawnp qlh uhrsa ca bhw uhrsaw cab dqlcn lnoba" azgabalsa" c`v`ln" cnshcn cav`ch hialsa, Qlh va} xqa gnln}gn awn gnl garsa}h" da abavn gnl d` awalg`hcawca awa dqlcn hb dqlcn c`v`ln p bbain h war gndn w` pn awsqvàrh gnbn$ghcn al b" bìhcn h b, Alsnlgaw awsnp alg`dh ca sncn ab dqlcn `lsabìòba pvan gndn w` pn awsqvàrh jnwuachcn al awh dnrhch lnoba" c`v`lh, Van hbbshlsh bq} p awubalcnr xqa ln uqacal cawgrò`rbn baliqhw l` nrbn bnw ncnw65,

Ca awsa dncn" rahb`}hlcn bh hgs`v`chc dw lnoba" wa bnirh ab hwgalwn h bnc`v`ln" unrxqa ab hbdh hb ragnlngarwa gndn c`v`lh al ab amarg`g`n cab hgsngnilnwg`s`vn bnirh rahb`}hr ab hwgalwn h bh dnrhch gabaws`hb, Ab jndora hb$ghl}h ab hwgalwn h wq f`l unr dac`n cab gnlng`dàlsn" ln ql gnlng`dàlsnc`wgqrw`vn" w`ln `lsq`s`vn ca w d`wdn, Aw qlh gnlgaug`l cqhb`wsh cab jnd$ora" al ab gqhb gbhrhdalsa ab gqarun rawqbsh qlh wqarsa ca jho`shg`l uhrh abhbdh xqa ln aw wq bqihr lhsqrhb" p wbn unr dac`n cab hwgalwn `lsabagsqhb h bn

c`v`ln" p ragnlng`lcnwa gndn uhrsa ca bn c`v`ln" wa bnirh hbghl}hr awnc`v`ln,

10 UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih" u, ??0,65 UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih" u, 95,


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39/124

@@BHW U_@DA_HW _AGAUG@NLAW CA BHW FQALSAW

8, HBK@LC@ P BH U_@DA_H ABHON_HG@L _HOA

Ho Pwqf Phxo o, @wjx hb$K`lc" gnlng`cn al ab dqlcn bhs`ln gndnHbk`lc` *gh, 906$:97) aw calnd`lhcn unr bh srhc`g`l gndn ab F`bwnfn cabnw rhoaw" chcn xqa fqa ab ur`dar rhoa xqa hcnus bh f`bnwnfh p bh `lwarsal wq alsnrln rabì`nwn p gqbsqrhb" gndn wahbh _, _hdl Iqarrarn" qln cabnw awsqc`nw dw wìl`f`ghs`vnw wnora awsa hqsnr8= Ab f`bwnfn ca bnw rhoaw"huabhs`vn xqa `lc`ghoh" hcadw ca bh fhdh xqa hbghl} lqawsrn f`bwnfn" bhlnvachc" bh rhc`ghb lnvachc" xqa wqunlh uhrh bnw rhoaw bh f`bnwnfh?,

Hbk`lc`" gndn uhrsgùa cab urnpagsn ca Bh ghwh ca bh who`cqrh" fnrduhrsa ca bnw grgqbnw ca `lsabagsqhbaw xqa gnbhonrhrnl al bhw srhcqgg`nlaw pw`wsadhs`}hg`nlaw ca bh gàlg`h lqavh xqa wa ragòh ca nràlsa p ngg`calsa 7,Ql amadubn ca abbn aw wq uhuab gndn gnrragsnr ca bh Sanbnih ca Hr`wssabawwail bn `lc`gh al ab urbnin= Srhshcn ur`darn cab bòrn ca Hr`wssabaw" abF`bwnfn" bbhdhcn al iràin Sanbnih" xqa aw bh cngsr`lh wnora bh C`v`l`chc"uhrfrhw`w ca Unrf`r`n ca S`rn" xqa srhwbhc hb rhoa Hoc hb$Dhwj oal HocHbbj oal L`dh ca Adawh p gnrrì` Ho Pwqf Phxo oal @wjx hb$K`lc" C`nw jhph sal`cn d`war`gnrc`h ca b(" uhrh Hjdhc oal hb$Dqshw`do`B$bj3,

Awsh rafaralg`h rawqbsh wìl`f`ghs`vh ln wbn gndn av`calg`h cab gnlng`$dàlsn xqa salh Hbk`lc` ca bh norh hugr`fh" w`ln shdo`l cab bqihr xqa wsa

8 Gfr, _HDL IQA__A_N" _," F`bnwnfhw rhoa p mqch" Wlsaw`w" Dhcr`c" ?558" uu, :7$:9; G_Q]JA_LHLCA]" D,"J`wsnr`h cab ualwhdàlsn al ab dqlcn `wbd`gn" Hb`hl}h" Dhcr`c" ?555?"uu,898$89?,

? SN_LA_N" A," Hb$K`lc`, Bh srhlwfnrdhg`l ca ql ualwhdàlsn rabì`nwn al ql ualwhdàlsnrhg`nlhb" Gnlwamn Wquar`nr ca @lvawsìhg`nlaw Gàlsf`ghw" Dhcr`c 800?" u, 0?,

7 _agnrcadnw xqa ln wbn wa srhcqmarnl norhw ca nrìal iràin" w`ln shdo`l w`rhghw a j`lcaw"awshw bs`dhw hlsa sncn wnora gqaws`nlaw dhsads`ghw, Wnora bhw srhcqgg`nlaw al ab dqlcnrhoa gfr, lnshw 77 p 73 cab ghusqbn @,

3 UWAQCN$H_@WSSABAW" Sanbnih" u, 39,


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Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp35

ngqu al bh abhonrhg`l p ragaug`l ca bhw lqavhw norhw, Uawa h awsa bqihrur`v`bai`hcn" wa caoa cawshghr xqa aw ungn urnohoba xqa ab urnu`n Hbk`lc`jhph sal`cn ql gnlng`dàlsn c`ragsn cab Ca hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw, W`l cqchgnlng` irhl uhrsa ca bnw sazsnw bi`gnw p bh Dashfw`gh" w`l adohrin wqgnlng`dàlsn cab Ca hl`dh uhraga war dw oàl `lc`ragsn, Qlh urqaoh caabbn aw xqa ab srhcqgsnr cab Ca hl`dh rhoa aw `cals`f`ghcn unr uhrsa ca bnw`lvawsìhcnraw gndn @wjhx òl Jqlhpl *gh, 085)" xqàl arh sra`lsh hnw dwmnval xqa ab F`bwnfn ca bnw rhoaw1,

Hqlxqa Hbk`lc` ln jqoàrh sal`cn ql gnlng`dàlsn c`ragsn ca bh norh" waw gbhrn xqa whoh xqa ab Awshi`r`sh jhoh cac`ghcn qlh norh h bh gqaws`l cabhbdh; ca awsn lnw ch saws`dnl`n al wq norh Wnora bnw bòrnw ca Hr`wssabaw=Ur`darn" bnw bòrnw bi`gnw; cawuqw" bnw fw`gnw; bqain" bnw xqa varwhl wnorahxqabbn xqa uqaca urawg`lc`r ca bn fw`gn" wqow`wsàlcn unr w d`wdn w`llagaw`shr bnw gqarunw" hqlxqa wa algqalsrh ql`cn h bnw gqarunw unr hbiqlh cabhw gbhwaw ca ql`l; p al f`l" bnw xqa varwhl wnora hxqabbn xqa ln lagaw`sh cabnw gqarunw l` aws ql`cn h abbnw al dncn hbiqln [T, Al gqhlsn h bnw bòrnwxqa al bnw xqa jhobh wnora bhw gnwhw xqa ln sàlal lagaw`chc ca bnw gqarunwuhrh wqow`ws r p uardhlagar" uarn xqa az`wsal gnl bnw gqarunw" wnl gqhsrn, Abur`darn aw ab bbhdhcn Wnora ab Hbdh; ab waiqlcn" Ca bh walwhg`l p cabwalwòba; ab sargarn" Cab wqan p ca bh vì`b`h; ab gqhrsn" Ca bh bnli`sqc poravachc ca bh v`ch6,

W`l cqch awsa gnlng`dàlsn `lc`ragsn ca bh norh hr`wsnsb`gh" mqlsn gnl bh`lfbqalg`h lanubhsl`gh" j`gàrnl xqa Hbk`lc` qo`ghrh ab awsqc`n wnora abhbdh fqarh cab do`sn urnu`n xqa ba nsnrihoh Hr`wssabaw, H c`faralg`h ca bhsrhc`g`l uarùhss`gh gbw`gh" xqa w`sh hb Ca hl`dh calsrn ca bnw fw`gnw"Hbk`lc` ba ch ql bqihr calsrn ca bh gqaws`l dashfw`gh, H gnls`lqhg`l wacawhrrnbbhr ab dncn al xqa wa gnlfnrdh bh cngsr`lh k`lc`hlh wnora ab hbdh,

h) Bh caf`l`g`l cab hbdhGndn wa `lc`g" Hbk`lc` ln bap c`ragshdalsa bh norh cab Awshi`r`sh wnora

ab hbdh" w`l adohrin sqvn ql gnlng`dàlsn `lc`ragsn ca abbh; hjnrh oàl"gdn aw xqa gnlnga wq lndora p dnwsrhr `lgbqwn ql gnlng`dàlsn ca bh

1 Wnora bnw chsnw xqa wa c`wunlal ca bh srhcqgg`l cab Ca hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw hb rhoa gfr, lnsh73

6 HBK@LC@" Wnora bnw bòrnw ca Hr`wssabaw p bn xqa wa urag`wh whoar uhrh hbghl}hr bh f`bnwnfh"al HBK@LC@" Norhw f`bnwf`ghw _HDL IQA__A_N" _," $ SN_LA_N UNVACH" A, *srhc,)"Gnbnxq`n" Dhcr`c" 80:7" uu, ?1$?9,


41/124

@@, Bhw ur`darhw ragaug`nlaw ca bhw fqalsaw 38

caf`l`g`l hr`wsnsb`gh ca hbdh> Hbk`lc` sqvn hggawn h cnw norhw cnlca waalgqalsrh shlsn ab gnlsal`cn hr`wsnsb`gn gndn bh `lsarurashg`l lanubhs$l`gh= bh ur`darh aw C`faralg`h alsra ab awur`sq p ab hbdh ca Gnwsh oal Bqgh*Xqws o, Bx)" ql hqsnr p srhcqgsnr gr`ws`hln" gnlsadunrlan ca Hbk`lc`9;dàlsrh xqa bh waiqlch norh aw ab Gndualc`n cab hbdh" ql srhshcn hll`dnal ab gqhb wa ragnial bhw alwahl}hw ca Hr`wssabaw:,

Al wq bòrn Wnora bhw caf`l`g`nlaw" cnlca Hbk`lc` alqdarh ql gnlmqlsnca gnlgausnw lagawhr`nw uhrh ab awsqc`n ca bh f`bnwnfh" fnrdqbh sraw caf`$

l`g`nlaw cab hbdh=Ab hbdh, [8T Uarfagg`l ca ql gqarun lhsqrhb cnshcn carihlnw p wqwgausòba ca bh v`ch, Shdo`l wa c`ga= [?T Uarfagg`l ur`darh caql gqarun lhsqrhb" cnshcn ca v`ch al unsalg`h, P wa c`ga= [7T Wqowshlg`h `lsa$bagsqhb xqa wa dqava unr w d`wdh wail ql ldarn hrdl`gn0,

Awshw sraw caf`l`g`nlaw awsl ragni`chw ca c`ws`lsh dhlarh al ab Gndual$c`n cab hbdh" ql sazsn rhoa ohwhcn al ab gndalshr`n ca Mqhl F`bnul hb Cahl`dh p uhraga war fqalsa shlsn ca Hbk`lc` gndn ca Oal Bqgh85, Uncadnwcawshghr ca awshw caf`l`g`nlaw chchw xqa bhw cnw ur`darhw wa gnrrawunlcalgnl cnw ca bhw g`lgn xqa wa algqalsrhl al ab Ca hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw88,Dàlsrhw xqa bh sargarh" gndn cawshgh _, _hdl Iqarrarn" aw ca nrìal ubh$sl`gn p wa gnrrawunlca gnl qlh raabhonrhg`l h uhrs`r cab Facrn p ab S`$

dan8?

,Hqlxqa algnlsradnw awshw cnw caf`l`g`nlaw wnora ab hbdh ca aws`bn hr`wsn$sb`gn al Hbk`lc`" al ab rawsn ca wqw norhw wa urawalsh qlh cngsr`lh dw oàlubhsl`gh al bn xqa wa rafàra h bh rahb`chc cab hbdh, Ln aw ca azsrhhr w` wasàla al gqalsh bh qo`ghg`l dashfw`gh ca bh gqaws`l uw`gnbi`gh p" unr nsrnbhcn" bh av`calg`h ca bhw fqalsaw lanubhsl`ghw ca Hbk`lc`, Aw `dunrshlsaragnrchr xqa bh sanrh lanubhsl`gh xqa wa algqalsrh al bh Sanbnih rawqbshohdw hsrhgs`vh uhrh ql f`bwnfn gndn Hbk`lc`" xqàl awshoh gnlvalg`cn ca bhql`chc alsra bh f`bnwnfh p bh rabì`l" unr abbn ab sazsn hugr`fn ba uard`shdnwsrhr qlh cngsr`lh hr`wsnsb`gh al bh xqa wa cafalch bh lhsqrhba}h aw$u`r`sqhb cab hbdh, Hbk`lc`" gndn dqgjnw nsrnw ualwhcnraw" salhl qlh gnl$9 Gndn varadnw al lqawsrn ghusqbn wnora Iqlc`whbvn" bh norh ca Oal Bqgh shdo`l fqa srhcq$

g`ch hb bhsl a `lfbqp al bh norh cab hrgac`hln ca Wainv`h,: Gfr, _HDL IQA__A_N" _,"Bh ragaug`l rhoa cab Ca hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw" uu, 8?7$8?3,0 Gfr, HBK@LC@" Norhw f`bnwf`ghw" u, 86,85 Gfr, CHLGNLH GNWSH" G," Hb$K`lc a bh wqh arac`s" al, G, CHlgnlh Gnwsh" Wsnr`h cabbh

f`bnwnfh labb@wbhd dacàvhba A`lhqc`" Snr`ln" vnb, @" uu, 75:$750,88 Gfr, H_@WSSABAW"Ca hl`dh" @@" 8" 38? h ?9$?:; 38? o 1,8? Gfr, _HDL IQA__A_N" _," Bh ragaug`l rhoa cab Ca hl`dh ca Hr`wssabaw" u, 8?3; Gfr,

UBHSL" Facrn" ?31g$?36h; S`dan" 73o$76o,


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Frhlg`wgn N_a`bbp3?

gaug`l hgargh ca bh rahb`chc chch unr bh ravabhg`l" p ln gnlgaohl h bhravabhg`l gndn gnlsrhc`gsnr`h gnl bn xqa uqaca war hbghl}hcn unr bh rh}l"unr bn gqhb" ln cqchl al cawghrshr

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F OReilly- Avicena y La Propuesta de Una Antropologia Aristotleico-neoplatonica (2010)