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FOOD BORNE INFECTIONS
FOOD BORNE ILLNESS
Any illness resulting from the consumption
of contaminated food:
Pathogenic bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
Toxic chemical
Natural toxins such as poisonous mushrooms
BACTERIAL CAUSES
Shigella species (bacillary dysentery)
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi (typhoid
and paratyphois fever)
Campylobacter jejuni (gastroenteritis)
Vibrio cholerae (cholera)
Escherichia coli (diarrheal diseases)
SHIGELLA INFECTION
Shigella cause bloody diarrhea
(dysentery)
Often begins with watery diarrhea
accompanied by fever and abdominal
cramps
TRANSMISSION
Infect only humans
Mostly person-to-person spread
Faecal-oral route through contaminated food and water
House flies
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SHIGELLOSIS
164.7 million case annually
163.2 in developing countries
1.1 million death
61% of mortalities in children < 5 years
SALMONELLA PATHOGENIC SEROTYPES
Typhi, Paratyphi A, B and C
Primarily human pathogens
Only found in human
PATHOGENICITY OF SALMONELLA
Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid)
Gastroenteritis and food poisoning
Bacteraemia
CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
Cause gastroenteritis
Poultry products
CHOLERA
Caused by Vibrio cholerae
Massive watery diarrhoea
Epidemics
ESCHERICHIA COLI (DIARRHEAL DISEASES)
Diarrhea in infants
Traveler diarrhea
Hemorrhagic diarrhea
Dysentery similar to shigellosis
BACTERIA FOOD POISONING
Staphylococcus aureus (diary products)
Salmonella typhimurium (poultry products)
Bacillus cereus (rice)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (sea food)
Clostridium botulinum (caned food)
VIRAL FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Common cause of diarrhoea
Self-limiting
Dehydration
VIRAL FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Enterovirus (poliomyelitis)
Hepatitis A (hepatitis)
Hepatitis E (hepatitis)
Rotavirus (diarrhoea)
PARASITIC FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
Cryptosporidium parvum (cryptosporidiosis)
Entamoeba histolytica (parasitic dysentery)
Giardia lamblia (giardiasis )
MANAGEMENT
Re-hydration
Anti-toxin
Antibiotics
Antiviral
Anti-parasitic
BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
BLOOD-BORNE DISEASES
A blood-borne disease is one that can be
spread through contamination by blood
MOST COMMON EXAMPLES
HIV
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
OTHER MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
High-risk sexual behavior
Intravenous drug use
VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE
Diseases transmitted by insect or other
vector
Causative agent can be found in blood
Vector-borne diseases include:
West Nile virus
Dengue fever
Malaria
STANDARD MEDICAL PRACTICE
Treat all blood (and body fluids) as potentially
infectious
Blood and Body Fluid precautions are a standard
infection control measure to minimize Blood-
borne infections
Needle-stick injuries is the greatest threat to
health care workers
END