F-M2/3-6/12; T2/8/11; M2/8/10; F2/6/09; H 2/5/08; F 2/2/07; T2/7/06

Overseas Expansion(Ch. 21.5; pp. 608-611)

Q: What were some of the major factors in American overseas expansion in the late 19th century?

Q: What areas were targeted? Why?

I. Factors/Causes• brainstorm 5 major factors?• 1. strong navy

– ports/naval outposts– T.R., Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan

• 2. Social Darwinism– Anglo-Saxon culture

• 3. economic – trade, resources

• 4. Great Powers/“Joneses”– Br., Ger., Fr., Japan, Russia– imperial powers - Africa, Asia– “keeping up w/ Joneses”– US - Pacific, Carib./Latin Amer.

• 5. missionary - secondary cause

II. U.S. ExpansionA. Asian/Pacific 1. Samoa - 1889– Ger, Br, US– split w/ Ger - 1889

2. Hawaii - 1898– missionaries - 1820s– business – sugar– port - Pearl Harbor – 1887– McKinley Tariff – 1890– Queen Liliukialiani (Lily)– revolution – 1893

• Cleveland - “No”• McKinley - annex 1898

II. U.S. Expansion (cont.)

3. Alaska - 1867– William Seward - Russia– “Seward’s Folly”– gold!!! – Yukon – 1896

4. China– Open Door [more later]

5. Japan– Matthew Perry - 1853

• Pacific Islands

II. U.S. Expansion (cont.)

B. Latin America 1. Monroe Doctrine - 1823– sets stage

2. Venezuela - 1895-96– border dispute– Br.-US - “Great Rapprochement”

3. Cuba– Spain– independence - 1890s– US intervention?– M.D., econ., “yellow journalism”

III. Spanish-American War - 1898A. Causes–Cuban independence - Jose Marti–atrocities - “Butcher” Weyler - “camps”– newspaper competition• Hearst (NY Journal) vs. Pulitzer (NY World)• “Yellow Kid” - “yellow journalism” • sensational stories

– sinking of USS Maine - Feb. 1898–“Remember the Maine; to Hell w/ Spain”

III. Spanish-American War (cont.)

• B. War• - McKinley’s indecision• - “splendid little war” - April 1898• - Manila - George Dewey• new, updated navy• - Cuba - San Juan Hill• T.R. - “Rough Riders”• - impact of disease

•

III. Spanish-American War (cont.)

C. Impact–new territory–Pacific: Philippines, Guam–Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico–naval power– imperial power

Giants Win Super Bowl XLVI

IV. New TerritoriesA. Cuba– Teller Amend. - Cuban ind.– Platt Amend - 1901– right to intervene– Guantanamo Bay - naval base

• B. Puerto Rico– Foraker Act - US commonwealth–P.R. - legislature–U.S. - governor/council

•

IV. New Territories (cont.)

C. Philippines - 1898-1902–civil war–Emilio Aguinaldo– “scorched earth”–brutal fighting–debate over imperialism– Anti-Imperialist League• Bryan, Twain, Addams• minority opinion

–not ind. until 1946