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FLOW OF ENERGY
SOURCE OF ENERGY
Raise your hand if you included this on your schoolyard diagram.
The Sun provides the light and heat energy for most forms of life on Earth.
Sun = Sol
PRODUCERS
Producers chemically change solar (light ) energy in the chlorophyll (the green color in the plant) into their food.
Plants are producers.
FOOD
Plants make this food for their own use. They need the energy to survive and thrive.
Plants store the food in many places: roots, stems, leaves, and fruits.
Plants make food during the process
called photosynthesis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
To undergo photosynthesis, plants need: Sunlight
Water
Carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
PLANTS USE THEIR FOOD
Plants use food to grow.
Plants use stored energy (food) when the resources they need to grow and thrive are unavailable.
Plants use food to survive harsh environmental conditions, such as drought or cold winters.
CONSUMERS
Consumers are organisms that get their energy by eating either producers (plants) or other consumers (animals).
They use this energy to survive, grow, and reproduce .
FLOW OF ENERGY
Let’s look at some of the diagrams you completed in your science notebook on the first day of this lesson.
What do they have in common?
FOOD CHAINS When energy is transferred through
organisms it is called a food chain. Arrows are used to show the direction
the energy is flowing. In the schoolyard, you might see:
Remember, nearly every food chain starts with energy from the Sun.
EXAMPLE
Use the strips of paper to create a food chain for organisms that live in one of the Earth’s ecosystems. It might be the Arctic or the ocean, forest or desert, grassland or jungle.
Cut six strips of paper of different sizes, as shown here.
Color the widest strip yellow. This will represent the Sun.
EXAMPLE
Write the name of a plant on the second widest strip of paper.
On the third widest paper, write the name of an organism that eats the plant.
On the fourth widest, write the name of an animal that eats the organism on the second strip.
On the fifth and sixth strips, continue the sequence.
If you are unable to think of any organisms, name another plant, or a second animal, that may eat one of the organisms listed.
Carnivore
Carnivore
Plant
Carnivore
Herbivore
FOOD CHAIN
Link your food chain together beginning with the Sun. Add the producer and then the consumers (herbivores and carnivores). Use tape to secure the link.
Sun Producer Consumer:Herbivore
Consumer:Carnivore
Consumer:Carnivore
COMPARING FOOD CHAINS
Work in groups of four to compare the food chains that were created.
What do the food chains have in common with each other?
Could any food chains overlap with each other?
Flounder
Porpoise
Plankton
Small Mullet
Shrimp
FOOD WEBS
When food chains overlap, a food web is formed.
Use the chains in your group to form a food web.
Draw the food web in your science notebook.
Flounder
Porpoise
Plankton
Small Mullet
Shrimp
Trout Sea Gull
Crab
DECOMPOSERS
Decomposers are organisms such as fungi,
bacteria, and animals that play a major role in
breaking down dead matter and returning
nutrients to the soil. They also play a role in the
nitrogen cycle.
DECOMPOSERS
Add some decomposers to your food web.
Flounder
Porpoise
Plankton
Small Mullet
Shrimp
Trout Sea Gull
CrabBacteria
Mold
THE MOST IMPORTANT ROLE
The most important role an organism
(producer, consumer, or decomposer)
plays in the ecosystem is ______ because
______.
COMPARE ROLES IN THE
ECOSYSTEM
Producer
ConsumerDecomposer
Nutrition Facts
Reading a Nutrition Label
Note the serving size.
Calories indicate the amount of energy.Used for delayed
energy
Most common energy source
Protein for growth
CARBON DIOXIDE- OXYGEN CYCLE
∞ Plants and animals are linked for survival through the carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
To undergo photosynthesis, plants need:
sunlight
water
carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Plants make food and oxygen in the process of photosynthesis.
Plants release the oxygen into the air.
Food Oxygen
CARBON DIOXIDE
Carbon dioxide is found in the air.
It gets there from:
volcanoes erupting
burning fossil fuels
animals
ANIMALS Plants make food through a process
called photosynthesis
When animals consume the plants, they are consuming energy from the plants.
Animals convert the plant’s energy into the energy they need to grow and thrive.
CARBON DIOXIDE-OXYGEN CYCLE
Oxygen released during photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide released during respiration
DIAGRAM THE CARBON DIOXIDE
CYCLE
PhotosynthesisRespiration
Add the materials that cycle: food, water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
EFFECTS OF CHANGE
EFFECTS OF CHANGE
The prairie ecosystem has many populations
Use these organisms to create a food web.
The producers are in green, plant eaters in blue, and animal eaters in orange.
Tallgrass Shortgrass
Wildflowers Big Bluestem
Pronghorn BuffaloMice Prairie Dog
Black Footed Ferret
Prairie Chicken
Burrowing Owl Grasshoppers
Beetles Snakes
A LOOK AT OVERGRAZING
The next slide will show an overhead
view of a prairie.
For this slide we will only focus on the
grass and buffalo.
The grass is shown as green squares
and the buffalo as black ovals.
GRASSLAND
Each column has 10 squares of grass. There are 20 columns.Calculate how many squares of grass are available.
GRASSLAND
Each buffalo needs 25 squares of grass to survive. How many buffalo can live in this area?
GRAZING
What will happen if we put 20 buffalo in this area?
EFFECTS ON OTHER
POPULATIONSWhat will happen to the grass? Explain your answer.
EFFECTS ON OTHER
POPULATIONSWhat will happen to the ferrets? Explain your answer.
HIGHWAYS
What effects will building a highway have on the area?
LET’S EAT INSTUCTIONS
You will be given one consumer and one nutritional need:
Horned Lizard, Scorpion, Sidewinder Rattlesnake, Roadrunner
Energy to move & catch food, Growth, Energy to store for a longer time.
Study the nutritional labels for different food sources and determine which would be best for your consumer to eat!
Organisms use energy to move, breathe, eat, and carry on other routine activities. If an organism needs a lot of energy it needs to eat foods high in carbohydrates.
Help them grow – needs a diet high in protein
If they need food during a certain season – needs a diet high in fat