eZRvneba samSoblos did mamasa da moZRvars …meufeanania.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/41.-saqarTvelos... · 2 mitropoliti anania jafariZe mitropoliti anania jafariZe Tbilisi ci

1saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis krebuli

eZRvneba samSoblos did mamasa da

moZRvars uwmidessa da unetaress

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarq ilia meores

uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarqi ilia meore da

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

2 mitropoliti anania jafariZe


Tbilisi ci

saqarTvelos

saeklesio kanonebis

krebuli

(saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis samarTali,

kanonebi da dadgenilebebi)

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia

stu-s Teologiis saswavlo-samecniero centri



saqarTvelos

saeklesio kanonebis

krebuli

(saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis samarTali,

kanonebi da dadgenilebebi)

Tbilisi 2010

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis -walkis eparqia

stu-s Teologiis saswavlo-samecniero centri


saqarTvelos eklesiaSi moZRvrebis, mmarTvelobisa da saeklesio sasamarTlos sferoSi

umaRlesi xelisufleba ekuTvnis saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinods (saeklesio kre-

bas), misi zrunvis erT-erT sagans warmoadgens `saeklesio kanonebis krebulis, sasuli-

ero da saero saswavleblebis Sesabamisi saxelmZRvaneloebisa da saRvTismetyvelo

literaturis~ gamocema (1995 wlis saeklesio krebis debuleba, Tavi II, $20).

am muxlis aRsasruleblad gaweul naSroms warmoadgens mitropolit anania ja-

fariZis wigni `saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis krebuli~ (saqarTvelos saeklesio

krebebis samarTali, kanonebi da dadgenilebebi).

naSromSi erTadaa Tavmoyrili da ganxiluli IV-XX saukuneTa saqarTvelos saek-

lesio krebebis samarTali.

ganxilul 15 sakanonmdeblo da 50-ze met mimdinare krebis analizs Tan erTvis

krebebis mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zeglebi, amitomac naSromi, amasTanave, warmoad-

gens saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis krebuls, romelic esaWiroeba rogorc sasuli-

ero pirebsa da marTlmadidebel mrevls, aseve saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis mkvl-

evarebs. es wigni, saxelwodebiT `saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi~, 2003 wlidan war-

moadgens saxelmZRvanelos sasuliero akademiaSi.

recenzentebi: g. alasania, s. vardosaniZe,

i. gorgiZe, z. gasitaSvili

meo re Se swore buli gamoc ema

© mitropoliti anania jafariZe, 2010

ISBN 978-9941-14-879-8

yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili (iqneba es teqsti, foto, ilustracia Tusxva) aranairi formiT da saSualebiT (iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri), ar SeiZlebagamoyenebul iqnas gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

sagamomcemlo saxli ,,teqnikuri universiteti~

http://www.gtu.ge/publishinghouse/

damtkicebulia monografiad

stu-is saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo

sabWos mier. 14.12.2010, oqmi #7


S e s a v a l i

saqarTvelos wmida eklesia warmoadgens erT-erT nawils sayovelTao msoflioeklesiisa, amitomac misi samarTlis wyaroebi igivea, rac msoflio eklesiisa, Tumcacxadia, mas viTarca adgilobriv eklesias, sakuTari wyaroebic aqvs, eseniasaqarTvelos saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani, eklesiis meTaurTa, kaTalikos-patriarqTa epistoleebi da dadgenilebani, saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobani saeklesiosaqmeTa Sesaxeb, samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiuli dokumentebi eklesiis Sesaxeb,agreTve eklesiis avtoritetul mamaTa ganmartebani.

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens qarTulisaeklesio samarTali, romlis mTavari wyaro adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebi damisi kanonmdeblobaa. marTalia, CvenSi saeklesio krebebs uZvelesi droidanveiwvevdnen, magram, samwuxarod, aqamde arc adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonebiskrebuli da arc TviT krebaTa ganzogadebuli analizi gagvaCnda. am ukanasknelTaSeswavlis mxriv, CvenSi garkveuli CamorCena igrZnoba. marTalia, XX s-isdasawyisSi niko maris, ivane javaxiSvilis, korneli kekeliZisa da sxva didmecnierTa RvawliT safuZveli Caeyara qarTuli samarTlis zogadi istoriisSeswavlas, magram aTeisturi reJimis dros, XX s-is 20-iani wlebidanve, CaiSalasaeklesio samarTlis Seswavlis axalwamowyebuli saqme. wyaroebis naklebobasTanerTad, albaT amiT unda aixsnas, rom samecniero literaturaSi mxolod ramdenimesaeklesio krebaa ganxiluli, maSin, roca IV s-dan XX s-mde, TiTqmis 1600 wlismanZilze, saqarTveloSi asobiT saeklesio kreba unda yofiliyo mowveuli,dReisaTvis maTi umravlesoba araTu Seswavlili, gamovlenilic ki ar aris.

amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom Znelia saeklesio krebebis gamovlena zRvasaistorio masalidan, ar arsebobs am krebebis Sesaxeb pirdapiri miTiTeba,zogierTi gamonaklisis garda. mkvlevari iZulebulia sxvadasxva sigel-gujarsa damatianeebSi eZios mxolod iribi miniSneba, anda mowmoba adgilobriv saeklesiokrebaTa Sesaxeb. maTi gamovlenis gareSe ki, rogorc aRiniSna, SeuZlebelia


samarTlis istoriisa da, maSasadame, saqarTvelos eklesiis sruli istoriis dawera.mociqulTa, wmida mamaTa da msoflio krebaTa kanonebze dafuZnebuli saeklesiosamarTali ZvelTaganve moqmed samarTals warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi.1 am codnasefuZneboda wmida eqvTime mTawmidelisa da arsen iyalToelis mier gamocemuli`mcire~ da ̀ didi~ sjuliskanonebi. CvenSi, rogorc Cans, aseve icnobdnen msofliokrebebis kanonebis ganmmarteblebis: balsamonis, zonaras, aristinesa da maTeosblastaris Sromebs, amitomac am ukanasknelis àlfabeturi sintagmisa~ daarmenopulos SromaTa Targmanebi `mefe rjulmdeblis~, vaxtang VI-is RvawliTgamokrebili saxiT miecaT qarTvelebs. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom Tu ara saqarTveloseklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba ucxo Zalebis mier, ueWvelad, saeklesio samarTalisaqarTveloSic miaRwevda Sesabamis simaRles. erT umcires, mokrZalebul nabijadam gzaze albaT SeiZleba miviCnioT winamdebare naSromi, romelic daiwera Cveniuflisa da macxovris, ieso qristes sadideblad.

naSromis mizania vrceli saistorio masalidan saqarTvelos adgilobrivikrebebis Sesaxeb monacemebis gamovlena, maTi analizi istoriul-filologiuriTvalsazrisiT da maTi dalageba garkveuli principebis Sesabamisad (qronologiuradda sistematurad), amasTanave, mokvleuli masalebis Sejereba msoflio saeklesiosamarTlis Tanamedrove donesTan, SesaZleblobis farglebSi. ivane javaxiSvilisaRniSvniT, samarTlis sferoSi momuSave unda iyos istorikos-filologosi daamasTanave unda hqondes specialuri iuridiuli ganaTleba, amitomac Cven, viTarcamxolod istorikosi da ara iuristi, ufro metad vixilavT saeklesio krebebsistoriul-filologiuri TvalTaxedviT da naklebad vexebiT maT dogmatikur-kanonikuri mxriv, Tumca ki mogvaqvs uxvi masala mis Sesaxebac. amasTanave, 20-ze meti wlis manZilze Cemi episkoposobis dros, rogorc eparqiaSi, ise wmidasinodSi xSiri Sexeba mqonda saeklesio-kanonikur samarTalTan. am praqtikulmasaqmianobam cotaodenad gaamdidra Cemi codna am sferoSi. vloculobT, raTaSemdgom Taobas, ufro metad daxelovnebuls iuridiul sferoSi, Cveni naSromigamoadges, viTarca erTi safexuri ufro maRal simaRleze asasvlelad.

gamokvlevis sagani. istoriulad saqarTvelos adgilobrivi eklesiisaTvis savalde-buloa msoflio sayovelTao eklesiis mier SemuSavebuli sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi,amitomac qarTuli saeklesio samarTali, erTi mxriv, umTavresad msoflio eklesiiskanonmdeblobas emyareba da misi saeklesio kanonmdeblobis saTaves msofliokrebebi Seadgens, meore mxriv ki, aseTs warmoadgens saqarTvelos adgilobrivikrebebi, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili uwodebda _ àdgilobiTi krebani~.2

Cveni gamokvlevis sagans warmoadgens saqarTvelos adgilobrivi krebebi.rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos eklesiis, viTarca saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis saekle-sio organizaciis oficialurad arsebobis 16 saukunis manZilze, mravali krebaunda mowveuliyo. kanonikuri samarTali iTvaliswinebda weliwadSi ramdenimesaeklesio krebis mowvevas, Tumca mas sxvadasxva Sesabamis konkretul mizezTagamoc iwvevdnen. miuxedavad mowveul krebaTa siWarbisa, maT Sesaxeb pirdapiricnobebi metad mcire raodenobiT SemorCa. sxvadasxva wyaroTa monacemebzedayrdnobiT, Cven mier SesaZlebeli gaxda saqarTveloSi Catarebuli, anda qarTulieklesiisadmi miZRvnili 40-mde krebis gamovlena XIX s-mde, xolo XX s-SiCatarebuli krebebis ricxvi aWarbebs 50-s. isini davyaviT or ZiriTad jgufad_ pirvelia krebebi, romelnic iyvnen mowveulni kanonmdeblobiTi moRvaweobi-saTvis, anda Seikribnen sagangebod pirvelxarisxovani sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad da

1 i. doliZe , qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III t. 1970 w. winasityvaoba, gv. 5; 2 iv. javaxiSvili,qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni 1, Txzulebani, t. VI, 1982, gv. 24-26.


kanonebic gamosces, meore jgufs ki ganekuTvnebian isini, romelnic ar yofilanmowveulni kanonmdeblobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis, aramed sxvadasxva mimdinare saeklesiosakiTxis gadasaWrelad Sedga. Cven vixilavT rogorc pirvelxarisxovan, ise Cveulebrivkrebebs. agreTve, rogorc aRvniSneT, calke jgufad gamovyaviT is krebebi, romelnicucxoeTSi iqnen mowveulni saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad, asevemsoflio krebebi, romlebSic qarTveli episkoposebi monawileobdnen.

saqarTvelos adgilobriv krebebze miRebuli dadgenilebebi savaldebuloiuridiuli normebis xasiaTis matarebeli iyo saqarTvelos saeklesio cxovrebaSi.3

iseve, rogorc savaldebulos warmoadgenda msoflio eklesiis mamaTa ganmartebani,kaTalikos-patriarqTa da moZRvarTa epistoleebi, samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiulikodeqsebi gamocemuli eklesiis mimarT.

problemis Seswavlis mdgomareoba da sakiTxis istoriografia. samarTlis mec-niereba Seswavlis sagans warmoadgenda ZvelTaganve: aTenis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis,romis da Semdeg konstantinopolis umaRles skolebSi. aq miiRes iuridiuliganaTleba wmida basili didma, grigori RvTismetyvelma, ioane oqropirma, ambrosimediolanelma. 534 wlamde am Tavisebur universitetebSi Warbobdnen warmarTiprofesorebi, romelTac imperatorma iustinianem aukrZala leqciebis wakiTxva.skolaTa nawili amis gamo daixura. universitetebi darCa romsa da konstanti-nopolSi. am epoqis bizantiaSi saero da kanonikuri samarTali ar ganirCeodaerTmaneTisagan da konstantinopolis skolis samarTalmcodneebi makedonelTadinastiis epoqaSi monawileobdnen sakanonmdeblo krebulebis: `proqironis~, èpan-agogis~ da `basilikis~ gamocemebSi.4

XI s-Si konstantinopolis wm. giorgis eklesiaSi gaixsna pirveli specialuriiuridiuli skola. misi meTauri atarebda `nomofilaqsis~ (kanonTa damcvelis)tituls. am skolasTanaa dakavSirebuli avtoritetuli kanonistebis - aleqsiaristines, ioane zonaras da Teodor balsamonis Sromebi. aristinem da balsamonma,romelnic Tavis dros skolas xelmZRvanelobdnen kidec nomofilaqsis tituliT,da zonaram Seadgines vrceli egzegetikuri ganmartebani kanonikuri korpusis mTeliSedgenilobisa.5 konstantinopolis jvarosanTagan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, XIV s-Si,bizantiaSi Seadgines cnobili ̀ sintagma~ mRvdel-monazon maTe blastarisa da ̀ eqvsiwigni~ (ègzabiblosi~) Tesalonikeli nomofilaqsisa, konstantine armenopulosi.

saqarTveloSi bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlis es bolo monapovrebic kicnobili iyo, amas miuTiTebs maTe blastaris `sintagmisa~ da konstantinearmenopulos Sromebis Targmna gamokrebili saxiT samTavisis episkoposis kviprianesmier vaxtang VI-is dros. mas samTavisis kaTedraze miuRia Txovna batoniSvilvaxtangisagan, qarTulad gadmoeRo blastarisa da armenopulos naSromebi. amnaSromebs hqonda praqtikuli xasiaTi, Targmani sasamarTlo praqtikaSi gamosayene-blad iyo gansazRvruli.

saqarTveloSi ufro adre, praqtikuli da ara samecniero-kvleviTi mizniT,SemoqmedebiTi midgomiT iTargmneboda kanonikuri Zeglebi, iqmneboda sakanonmdebloZeglebis krebulebi. esaa _ eqvTime aTonelis `mcire sjuliskanoni~ da arseniyalToelis `didi sjuliskanoni~. pirveli Sedgenili iqna qarTvelTa monasterSi,aTonis wmida mTaze, meore ki, albaT, gelaTis monasterSi. qarTuli monastrebi_ saswavlo kerebic iyo, rogorc amJamad uwodeben _ àkademiebi~. albaT maTSiSesabamis iuridiul ganaTlebas iRebdnen sasuliero pirebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi,TviT XVIII s-is dasawyisSic ki samTavisis kaTedraze iseTi ganaTlebuli piris

3 k. kekeliZe, qarTuli lit. istoria, I , 1980, gv. 569; 4 D& Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ 1994^ c& 16$5 iqve, gv. 17.


yofna, romelmac ̀ sintagmisa~ da ̀ eqvsi wignis~ gaanalizeba da Sesabamisi muxlebisTargmna SeZlo, unda adasturebdes zemoTqmul mosazrebas.

1852-59 wlebSi aTenSi ralisa da potlis redaqciiT gamovida 6-tomiani`sintagma saRmrTo da wmida wignebisa~. masSi Sedis kanonikuri korpusi - `14-titlovani nomokanoni~, maTe blastaris `sintagma~, aristines, zonaras dabalsamonis ganmartebani, agreTve, bolo drois konstantinopolis sapatriarqosa dasaberZneTis samefoSi gamocemuli kanonebi eklesiis Sesaxeb.

saqarTveloSi TiTqmis erTi saukuniT adre msgavsi krebuli Seadgina `rjul-mdebelma~ vaxtang VI-m. krebuli warmoadgens samoqalaqo da saeklesio samarTliskodeqss. igi vaxtangma Seadgina domenti kaTalikosisa da grigol episkoposisTanadgomiT. krebuli, `moses samarTlis~ garda, moicavs e.w. `siriul-romaulsamarTals~, ̀ berZnul samarTals~ (blastarisa da armenopulos Sromebidan gamonakrebmuxlebs), e.w. `somxur samarTals~ (Cans, istoriuli saqarTvelos samxreTprovinciebSi gamosayenebel samarTals), vaxtangis krebulSi Sedis saqarTvelossakanonmdeblo saeklesio krebaTa mier miRebuli kanonebi - `kaTalikozTasamarTali~, Wulevis krebis mier damtkicebuli kanonebi - `beqas da aRbuRassamarTali~ `bagrat kurapaltis samarTali~, giorgi brwyinvales `Zeglis dadeba~da krebulis bolo nawilia `samarTali batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. esaa qarTulierovnuli samarTlis yvelaze srulyofili Zegli da marTlmsajulebis ZiriTadisaxelmwifo wigni. igi gamoiyeneboda XIX s-is 30-ian wlebamde. XIX s-Si Sewydasakanonmdeblo Zeglebze muSaoba, radganac saqarTvelos eklesiam dakarga avtoke-falia. XX s-Si, mxolod aTeistebis batonobis Semdeg, 90-ian wlebSi daarsebulTbilisis sasuliero akademiaSi Seudgnen saeklesio samarTlis Seswavlas. rogorccnobilia, saeklesio samarTlis disciplinis qarTuli saxelmZRvanelo, jerjerobiT,ar dawerila. sazogadod, saeklesio samarTals swavloben universitetebis Sesabamisiuridiul skolebSi. aseTi qarTuli skola, jerjerobiT, Camoyalibebuli ar aris.saRvTismetyvelo da samomavlod iuridiul fakultetebze, albaT, saeklesiosamarTlis Seswavlis saqmes yuradReba mieqceva. miuxedavad Sesabamisi samecnieroskolebis ararsebobisa, saqarTveloSi saeklesio samarTals swavlobdnen cnobilimecnierebi, istorikosebi da filologebi. rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, iv.javaxiSvils miaCnda, rom samarTlis mecnierebas, misi specifikurobis gamo, undaswavlobdes Sesabamisi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone piri - `samarTlis istorikosiunda iyos erTsa da imave dros iuristica da filologos-istorikosi, racrasakvirvelia iSviaT SemTxvevas warmoadgens.6 albaT saeklesio samarTlis mkvle-vari, iuridiulTan erTad, saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebis mqone istorikos-filologiunda iyos. qarTuli samarTlis iuridiuli institutebi da samarTlebrividebulebebi asaxulia samarTlis wignebSi, sigel-gujrebsa da CveulebiT samarTalSi.

rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli samarTlisa da kanonmdeblobis istoriaSi gan-sakuTrebuli roli ekuTvnis sjulmdebel mefe-mecniers vaxtang VI-s. man Seqmnasakodifikacio komisia, Seadgina samarTlis wignTa didi krebuli. agreTve, SeadginaqarTuli saxelmwifo samarTlis didebuli Zegli `dasturlamali~. misi mefobisperiodi iyo qarTuli sjulmdeblobis ganaxlebisa da ayvavebis xana.

qarTuli samarTlis istoriis sakiTxebi ganxilulia vaxuSti batoniSvilis,ioane da daviT batoniSvilebis naSromebSi, romelTac wyaroTmcodneobiTi mniS-vneloba aqvT.7

ramdenime mniSvnelovani saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb cnobas gvaZlevs vaxuStibatoniSvili, kerZod, igi ruis-urbnisis krebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs: `ganixila

6 iv. javaxiSvili, Txz. VI, 1982, gv. 15; 7 iqve, gv. 7-8.


mefeman, rameTu saxlni RvTisani quab avazakTa qmnil iyvnen, mwyemsni _ aramwyemsni, garna mgelni, amisTvis Sekribna kaTalikoz-episkopozni da samRvdelonimamulisa Tvisisani da sxua-kerZonica, qmna kreba q~sa C~rg [1103 w.] qarTulsat~kg, da TviTca mun mjdomi ara viTarca mefe, aramed viTarca mona, ganamtkicesi~b krebaTa damtkicebuli WeSmariti sarwmunoeba, uRirsni gankueTnes da daaweseserad, xolo Rirsni saydarTa maTTa dasxes~.8

vaxuStis cnobiT, ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedga daviT aRmaSeneblis mier kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTebamde, radganac am krebas eswreboda samRvdeloeba ara marto mefedaviTis `mamulidan~, aramed `sxva - kerZonica~. mefis `mamulis~ qveS igulisxmebaàfxazTa da qarTvelTa~ samefoebi, `sxva - kerZonis~ qveS ki, cxadia, kaxeT-hereTisa, Tbilisis da qvemo qarTlis samRvdeloeba. krebis damTavrebis Semdegmefem SemoierTa `hereT-kaxeTi~, amitomac, misi azriT, ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedgaara 1104 anda 1105 wels, kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTebis Semdeg, aramed iqamde, aseTiavaxuStis cnoba.

imereTis saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb vaxuSti wers - `JamTa amaT Sina, iqmnaganteveba colTa, klva kacTa da idumal tyvis yidva da usjuloni sjulsa zedamravalni imereTsa Sina. amisaTvis Sekrbnen qarTlisa kaTalikozi malaqia, afxazTakaTalikozi evdemon da yovelni episkopozni imereT-odiSisani. xolo episkopoznieseni iyvnen: quTaTeli svimon, genaTeli antoni, Wyondideli, bedieli, moqveli,drandeli filipe, cagereli kozman, xoneli zaqaria, nikorwmindeli ioakim,Caiseli kvirile. amaT ganaCines moqmedTa maTTaTvis jerovani Serisxuani, dawernesda SeaCuenes moqmedni misni, viTarca gvauwyebs aRwerili maTi~.9

ioane bagrationis `sjuldeba~ warmoadgens saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlisistoriisaTvis mniSvnelovan Zegls, masSi gvxvdeba mosazrebani saqarTveloseklesiis umaRlesi sammarTvelo organos - `dikasteriis~, eklesiis meTaur`kaTalikosis~, eklesiebSi `saqveyno saqmeTa gancxadebis~, qarTvel mefeTaganTavianT kaTedrebze ̀ episkoposTa dasmis~, samxedro ̀ jaris mRvdelTa~, ̀ samRvdelowesdebisa~ da sxvaTa Sesaxeb.

i. bagrationis `sjuldebis~ teqstis gamomcemlis, iv. surgulaZis TvalsazrisiT,es Zegli arasodes yofila `sakanonmdeblo aqti~, imJamindeli samarTlis wyaro,aramed mxolod proeqts warmoadgenda, romelic avtorma miarTva mefe giorgi XIII-s,magram, Cveni TvalsazrisiT, mas garkveuli formiT gavlena mouxdenia saqarTveloseklesiis samarTalze mogvianebiT, kerZod, avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg. CvenvgulisxmobT im garemoebas, rom ioane batoniSvilis mier dikasteriisaTvisdakisrebuli funqcia da misi Semadgenloba gvagonebs 1917-1927 wlebSi saqarTve-los eklesiaSi moqmed 1917 wlis krebis mier dadgenil `sakaTalikoso sabWos~.saqme isaa, rom `sjuldebis~ mniSvnelovani nawili daibeWda da gamoqveyndasasuliero organoSi ̀ mwyemsi~, romelsac d. RambaSiZe redaqtorobda, 1894-1896 ww.igi am sasuliero JurnalSi uwyvetad, TiTqmis ori wlis manZilze ibeWdeboda(sul daibeWda 16 nomerSi), rogorc cnobilia, TiTqmis amave epoqaSi daiwyoavtokefaluri moZraoba, qarTveli samRvdeloeba im dros eZebda momavalisakaTalikoso eklesiis mmarTvelobis formebs. Cans, am dros momavali sakaTalikososabWos Semadgenlobisa da funqciis gansazRvrisas maTze zegavlena iqonia i.batoniSvilis sjuldebis qveTavma `samRvdelo wesdeba~, romelSic paragrafiasaTauriT: `dikasteriisa anu sasuliero wesdebisaTvis~.10 dikasteria asea ganmarte-buli - `dikasteria (anu sasuliero samarTali), anu saeklesio saqmeebi. sakurTxi

8 qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, 1973, gv. 156; 9 iqve, gv. 824; 10 i. bagrationi, sjuldeba, 1957, gv. 23-27.


mRvdelni, arqimandritni, episkoposni iyos gamorCeviT dikasteriis wevrTagan.dikasteriis wevrni iyvnen Semdegni: 1. kaTalikosi; 2. tfileli; 3. oriarqimandriti; 4. ori dekanozi; 5. mefis moZRvari; 6. mefisagan miCenili Tavadi(sasulieros mTavari); 7. samni, anu orni mweralni. ese yovelni SekrbebodnenkviraSi orjer orSabaTs da paraskevs da yovelni sasuliero saqme da samarTaliamaT mier ganixilebodes~.11 i. batoniSvilis dikasteria 10-12 wevrisagan Sedgeba.1917 wlis èklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis~ mixedviT `sakaTalikoso sabWo~Sedgeba 12 wevrisagan, maT Soris pirveli kaTalikosi iyo. sabWos igive funqciaeniWeboda, rac dikasterias. `sabWos dadgenilebani savaldebuloa yvela saeklesiodawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis ($8), igive funqcia aqvs `dikasterias~ -`yoveli sasuliero saqme da samarTali~ mas ekuTvnis.

iv. surgulaZe dikasterias ase ganmartavs - `kolegialuri xasiaTis sasulierodawesebuleba administraciuli da sasamarTlo funqciebiT~.12 `kalmasobaSi~ i.bagrationi dikasteriis Sesaxeb wers - `dikasteria ars berZnuli sityva,romelic niSnavs upirveles samsajulsa da samsajulTa SesakrebelTa adgilTa~.13

rusuli eklesiis mmarTvelobis Sesabamisad, es dawesebuleba anton II-is mmarTvelo-bis bolo wlebSi qarTlis sakaTalikosoSic dainerga, arsebobda egzarqosobispirvel xanaSic. i. batoniSvilis `dikasteriac~ emsgavseba rusul saeklesiommarTvelobis formas. magaliTad, dikasteriis wevri e.w. `mefisagan miCenuliTavadi (sasuliero mTavari)~ igivea, rac rusul uwmides sinodSi saimperatoroxelisuflebis mier daniSnuli oberprokurori. am `sjuldebiT~ kaTalikosisfunqcia SezRudulia dikasteriis mier, es ukanaskneli eklesiis faqtobrivimmarTvelia. mefisagan `miCenili sasuliero mTavari~ saero xelisufalia, romelickontrols uwevs sasuliero xelisuflebas, mis xelSia sasuliero ganaTlebis saqmeckaTalikosTan erTad. proeqtis mixedviT, qarTul saxelmwifoSi grigorianuli dakaTolikuri eklesiebisaTvis da mahmadianebisaTvisac unda Camoyalibebuliyo Sesa-bamisi dikasteriebi. ioane batoniSvilisaTvis, iseve, rogorc mamamisisaTvis giorgiXIII-isa da papisaTvis (erekle II-isaTvis) rusuli saxelmwifoebrivi wyobilebamisabaZ magaliTs warmoadgenda. ioanec cdilobs mis gadmonergvas saqarTveloSi,adgilobriv wyobilebasTan mis SeTavsebas. ruseTSi 1721 w. petre I-ma gaauqmapatriarqoba. saqarTveloSi kaTalikosobis instituti ise Zlieri iyo, rom TviTproeqtSic ki mas batoniSvili ver Seexo, Tumca, rogorc aRiniSna, misiZalaufleba SezRuda. misi azriT, `kaTalikosi Rirsebisamebr da ara mefis ZeobiTikurTxebodes kaTalikosad, vinc iyos mecnier da patiosani~.14 Tu iqamdekaTalikosis xelSi iyo eklesiis mTeli Semosaval-gasavali, proeqtiT mas daeniSnaxelfasi wliurad 250 Tumani vercxlis fuli, garda amisa, mas sakaTalikososSemosavlidan unda miscemoda mudmivad èqvsi sulisa sadilisa da vaxSmisaxoragi~. kaTalikosis mudmiv damxmare TanamSromlad iniSnebodnen - òriarqimandriti, eqvsi mRvdel-monazoni, oTxi mTavardiakoni, ori diaCoqi (kerZodiakoni) lamprisa da kverTxis mWerali, ori moJamne, erTi xelis dambani, erTimwignobari, rva mgalobeli~, amaT garda `Semosavlebis mcvelni da eklesiisnivTebis mcvelni, erTi ikonomosi da saWmlis rigis mimcemi ori mwerali, orimzareuli, ori mepure, oTxi yuluxCi (mcveli mxlebeli), oTxi fareSi, orimekare da ezos mgveli, erTi eklesiis damgveli, sami mejinibe da ezos mejoreda ise xuTi mosamsaxure~.15 maTTvis kaTalikoss `sakaTalikoso Semosavlidan~miecemoda Sesabamisi `xoragi~ da saxarjo. òdes mefes an sxvaT miiwvevskaTalikosi, maSin Semosavlidam aqvs neba daxarjos weliwadSi oTxgzis stumro-bisaTvis~ da sxva msgavsi gansazRvrebani gvxvdeba sjuldebaSi.

11 i. bagrationi, sjuldeba, 1957, gv. 25; 12 iqve, gv. 76; 13 `kalmasoba~, II, 1948, gv. 28; 14 iqve , gv.23; 15 iqve, gv. 23.


asevea gansazRvruli episkoposTa xarjebic, kerZod, mTavarepiskoposebs: alaver-dels, bodbels, mrovels da nekresels eZlevaT TanamSromlad ̀ TiTo arqimandriti,oTx-oTxi mRvdelmonazoni an mRvdeli, or-ori mTavardiakvani, sam-sami mgalobeli,or-ori moJame mwignobari, orni diakonni, sam-sami msaxuri, erTi mzareuli, erTimepure, ori fareSi anu karis mcveli da damgveli, TiTo mejinibe, samimosamsaxure. maT eZlevaT `jamagiri TeTrad~ da ùlufa eklesiidam~. sxvaepiskoposebsac msgavsadve odnav Semcirebuli TanamSromlebi eZlevaT. amis garda,maT xelSia `kondakiT naSovni~, anu sxvadasxva wesis SesrulebisaTvis miRebuliSemosavali `saimtverio da sawiravi TviT moixmaron~.16 XX s-Si gardacvlilisWirisuflebisaTvis mezobel-naTesavTa mier mitanil Sesawevar fuls `gadasaxuravi~erqva (imereTSi), rogorc Cans, imave mniSvnelobisaa ̀ wasaxuravi~ sjuldebaSi. mefisgardacvalebis dros èpiskoposni wasaxuravs nurRa miarTmeven mefeTa, nucasaimtveriosa aRiReben amisTvis, radgan mefeTa arian dasmulni episkoposad dasamRvdelod ganwesebulni~.17

aq sainteresoa is, rom saepiskoposo kaTedrebze episkoposebi Zvel saqarTveloSi`daismebodnen mefeTa mier~. kaTedra mefis iyo. rogorc sxva sabuTebidan Cans,mitropolitis da sxva msgavs wodebasac mefe iZleoda. rusuli wesdebis mixedviTnakurTx episkoposs kaTedras mefe aZlevda _ (Bp,hfyyjve kbwe j,]zdkztncz Dscjxf-

bitt gjdtktybt j ,snbb tve tgbcrjgjv nfrjv-nj uhflf).18

ganvixiloT `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~ (teqsti gamosca da gamokvlevadaurTo daviT furcelaZem, Tb., 1964). qarTl-kaxeTis bolo mefis, giorgi XII-isbrZanebiT, mis vaJs, daviT batoniSvils moqmedi samarTlis mosawesrigeblad daevalaSeedgina samarTlis wigni, romelic wodebulia viTarca `samarTali batoniSvilisdaviTisa~. esaa XVIII-XIX ss-Ta mijnaze Sedgenili Zegli, Sedgenili imdroindelirusuli samarTlis Zeglebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

daviT batoniSvilis samarTali saqarTvelos eklesiisa sasuliero pirebis mimarTmoiTxovs pativiscemas, rasac Sesabamisad asabuTebs kidec. kerZod, 149-e muxlSinaTqvamia - `qveyana Cveni Soris warmarTTa ars mdebare, romlisaTvisca xamsyovelTa samRvdeloTa pativiscema~;19 batoniSvili daviTi iyo eklesiisa dasarwmunoebis moyvaruli, keTilmorwmune. zrunavda eklesiis gaZlierebisa daayvavebisaTvis, rac aisaxa kidec misi samarTlis muxlebSi. me-100 muxlSi naTqvamia:èklesia aris gvirgvini mefisa da dideba da wyaro yovlisa bednierebisa, dagaaxlebuli kacisa RvTisa Tana, da mpoebeli bednierebisa viTarca dausrulebelsamas saukunesa, egreTve dasrulebadsaca amas, amisaTvis xams, romel mefeTagan daerTa iyos pativcemul da didebul~.20

eklesia bednierebis wyaroa, rogorc am wuTisofelSi (`dasrulebadsa amassaukunesa~), ise im qveynad. daviTi wuxs, rom saqarTvelos eklesia TiTqmis`dacemisadmi miwevnul ars~ imis gamo, rom ̀ arca mefeTa, arca TavadTa, aznaurTada glexTa aqunda misadmi zrunva~, ufro metic, ersa Tu bers mis mimarT guligagrilebuli aqvs, amitomac arian kidec damdablebul-daglaxakebulni, TviTmeurveebi Zarcvavdnen (`krexden~) eklesiebs da saeklesio qonebas aZlevdnen TavianTnaTesavebsa da aznaurebs. amis mxilvelio, wers batoniSvili daviTi, àRvityineSuriTa~ (e.i. vinebe), raTa samociqulos wesdebis msgavsad Semedgina saeklesiowesdeba, raTa eklesia daubrundes Tavis Zvel didebas, rogorc hqonda Cveniwinaprebis droso.

16 ̀ kalmasoba~, II, 1948, gv. 24; 17 iqve, gv. 31; 18 Îáîçðåíèå öåðêîâíî-ãðàæäàíñêèõ óêàçàíèè ïî äóõîâíîìóâåäîìñòâó, ÑÏÁ, 1900, ñ. 84; 19 `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~, 1964, gv. 85; 20 iqve, gv. 162;


21 `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~, 1964, muxli 100, gv. 163; 22 kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate,`mware mogonebani~, manglis walkis eparqiis arqivi, s. #7, xelnaweris asli, gv. 44; 23 iqve , gv.XXI; 24 `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~, 1964, gv . 164 ; 25 iqve, gv. 166.

daviTi miiCnevs, rom episkoposTa raodenoba unda Semcirdes, radganac maTisiWarbe aglaxakebs eklesias. saqarTveloSi mravali episkoposia, wers daviTi, magrammaT ara hyavT imdeni mrevli, ramdenic episkoposebs unda hyavdeT saerTod. èsears pirveli mizezi daglaxakebisa eklesiisa~ imis gamo, rom maT gasavalsSemosavali ver eTanxmeba, àra Sesworebis~, xolo Tu episkoposi daglaxakda (e.i.gaRaribda), es ar ekadreba mis xarisxsa da Rirsebas, Tu Tavisi RirsebisSesabamisad moiqceva, misi Semosavali amas ver gawvdeba, amitomac gadavwyviteT,rom saqarTveloSi (gulisxmobs qarTl-kaxeTs) sul oTxi episkoposi eyolebaT, maTgauCndebaT ufro meti samwyso da TavianTi xarisxis Sesabamisad moiqcevian, maTimovaleoba aris qadageba saxarebisa, warmarTTa moqceva, radganac isini arian erismoZRvarTa Tavni.21

sxvaTaSoris, TiTqmis saukunis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrates piriqiTmiaCnda, rom saqarTveloSi episkoposTa ricxvi usaTuod unda gazrdiliyo, raTamaTi swavleba da madli mrevlamde misuliyo.22 marTlac, XIX s-Si eparqiaTagauqmebam mZime sarwmunoebrivi Sedegi gamoiRo.23

daviT batoniSvilis Tanaxmad, `pirveli episkoposi~ TbilisSi unda iyos, masmitropolitis wodeba eqneba, viTarca dedaqalaqis mRvdelmTavars. misi samwysoaris mcxeTamde diRomi, Tbilisis garemoni, walka-TrialeTi, qvemo qarTli, kaxeTisnawili. meore episkoposi arqiepiskoposis wodebiT bodbeli unda iyos, mis samwysoSiSeva gaRmarTi da gamoRmarTi kaxeTi, e.i. alaznisiqiTa mxare (gaRmarTi) kaxeTi, anudRevandeli saingilo da alaznisaqeTa teritoria. mesame iwodeba gorisa da mcxeTis,anu qarTlis episkoposad. misi samwyso mTeli qarTlia samaCablomde. meoTxeepiskoposi ̀ ars mTebisa: didisa liaxvisa, patarisa, qsanisa, aragvisa, TuSisa, fSavisada xevsureTisa da eseve ars xarWaSnelica~.24

daviT batoniSvilis samarTali CvenTvis imiTaa saintereso, rom saqarTveloseklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg eparqiaTa ricxvis Secirebisa da axalieparqiebis ricxvis gansazRvris dros, rogorc Cans, ruseTis saeklesio dasaxelmwifo xelisuflebas usargeblia daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis wignisaRniSnuli me-100 muxliT. rogorc cnobilia, rusulma xelisuflebam aRmosavleTsaqarTveloSi erT periodSi marTlac oTxi saepiskoposo daaarsa. rusebma erTperiodSi marTlac daaarses `mTis eparqia~ daviTis zemoaRniSnuli muxlisSesabamisad, masSi Seiyvanes saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxleoba, oRond rusebma masratomRac òseTis eparqia~ uwodes. masSi aragvis xeobac Sedioda. amasTanave,rusebi gamudmebiT unergavdnen am eparqiis mrevls, rom isini eTnikurad osebiiyvnen (es sakiTxi sxvagan gvaqvs ganxiluli).

amasTanave, daviTi miiCnevs, rom arqimandritebis ricxvic oTxiT undaganisazRvros, maTi Semosavali mefis xazinaSi unda Sevides, saidanac miecemaT`jamagiri sakmao~, gauqmebuli saepiskoposoebis Semosavali ̀ daidvas SkolaTaTvis dasaswavloTa da stambisaTvis~.

batoniSvil daviTs surda saqarTvelos eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Sorisdamyarebuliyo iseTive damokidebuleba, rogoric iyo imJamindel ruseTSi. kerZod,eklesiis mmarTvelobiT organod moiazrebs dikasterias. imave me-100 muxlisTanaxmad, ùpirvelesi dikasteria, romlisa mierca imarTebis saqarTvelos sasuli-ero jer-ars ese tfilissa Sina yofad~.25


dikasteria Sedgeboda zemoaRniSnuli 4 mRvdelmTavrisagan (1 mitropoliti da3 episkoposi). amasTanave, mitropoliti mudmivi wevria, xolo sxva episkoposebioTx-oTxi TviT asruleben wevris movaleobas dikasteriisa. maT garda dikasteriiswevrebi arian karis moZRvari, mefis moZRvari, karis dekanozi da sionis dekanozi.am ukanasknelis Secvla SeuZlia romelime sxva `swavlul da Rirs~ mRvdels.

dikasterias unda hyavdes erTi prokurori mefisa. igi ucxadebs dikasterias`mefis brZanebas~. es prokurori dikasteriis wevrebis meTvalyurea (`mWvreteli~),raTa raime sakiTxi ukanonod ar gadawydes. dikasteriaSi yoveli saqme undagadawydes ̀ sjulis kanoniTa, dadebuliTa wmidaTa mamaTaTa, raica ara ipoebodesmun, ixmaron aRsavsebelad kanoni berZenTa mefeTani,26 e.i. e.w. `samarTaliberZuli~, an `kanoniTa Cemgan dadebuliTa~ - wers daviT batoniSvili. misiveazriT `kerZo dikasteria~ unda arsebobdes eparqiebSi episkoposis karze. misiwevrebi arian iqauri arqimandriti da eparqiis pirveli dekanozi. daviTis azriT,eklesiaSi sasuliero pirebis (e.i. `moweseTa~) ricxvi didi ar unda iyos,radganac maTi simravle iwvevs `friadsa mwirobasa~ (e.i. siRaribes). dikasteriaikribeba oTxSabaT-paraskevs.

monofizitebisaTvis (somxuri eklesiis mrevlisaTvisac) unda arsebobdes e.w.`somxis dikasteria~. saqarTvelos mefes gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba aqvsaxpatis somxuri saepiskoposos mimarT. es eparqia teritoriulad mdebareobdasaqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi, amitomac àxpatis monasteri ars mefisa da mamulicaimisi _ mefisa~, mis mimarT eCmiawinis kaTalikoss ̀ ara aqus araraime samarTali~.axpatis episkoposs saqarTvelos mefe akurTxebinebs kaTalikoss eCmiawinisas. amepiskoposs mefe gamoirCevs da Semdeg mis kurTxevas Txovs kaTalikoss.27

sazogadod, somexi mRvdlis kurTxevis nebarTvac mefem unda misces, radganacTu `pirveli moqalaqeni da vaWarni~ miatoveben Tavis saqmes (e.i. vaWrobas) daxucesad ekurTxebian, amiT samefos Semosavali moakldeba.28

Tu SevadarebT, daviT batoniSvili winaaRmdegia ara marto qarTveli (e.i.marTlmadidebeli) samRvdeloebis gamravlebisa, aseve winaaRmdegia somexi (e.i.monofiziti) samRvdeloebis gamravlebisa, radganac ̀ amiT isini miatoveben vaWrobas,rac saxelmwifos Semosavlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa~. aqedan Cans, romxelmwifis kars qveyanaSi somxuri mosaxleobis yofna sasargeblod miaCnia. amiTunda iyos gamowveuli erT-erTi kanoni, romelic nebas rTavs marTlmadidebelTa,monofizitTa da kaTolikeTa (qarTvelTa, somexTa da frangTa) SeuRlebas -`Tvinier yovlisa winaaRmdegobisa~.29

mahmadianTa meCeTebic mefis prokuroris meTvalyureobis qveS imyofeba.

daviTi qarTuli eklesiis sakuTrebas mkveTrad mijnavs saxelmwifo sakuTreb-isagan. amiTaa gamowveuli arsi me-17 muxlisa. kanoni ukrZalavs martoxelas beradSedgomisas Tavisi miwa-wylis eklesiisaTvis gadacemas. miiCneva, rom mamuli mefisaa,xolo eklesiisaTvis Sewirvis Semdeg _ ukve aRar iqneba mefisa. `nu ikadrebsyovladisa mamulisa Tvisisa eklesiisadmi Sewirvasa, romelica ese ars mefisa, raTaara waruwydes samefosa da sazogadoebasa~.29

saerTod, rogorc daviT batoniSvilis samarTlidan Cans, misi drois samefokaris (XVIII s. bolo wlebSi) pirveli piri mzad iyo gaeuqmebina kaTalikos-patriarqis Tanamdebobac ki (mis dikasteriaSi ar Cans qarTuli eklesiistradiciuli pirveli ierarqi), oRondac rogorme qarTuli samarTali damsgavse-

26 `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~, 1964, 167; 27 iqve , gv. 170; 28 iqve, 171; 29 iqve, gv. 171.


boda rusuls. xolo es ukanaskneli, e.i. rusuli samarTali, Cans, ruseTis imperiiswarmatebis erT-erT safuZvlad miiCneoda. faqtobrivad ki, daviTma instruqcia`moumzada~ ruseTis xelisuflebasa da sinods qarTuli eklesiis tradiciuliiersaxis Sesacvlelad.

Zvel saqarTveloSi, rogorc sjuldebidan Cans, iyo `samxedros jaris mRvdelTaufrosis~ Tanamdeboba, e.i. samxedro mRvdlebic. maT imdenad didi mniSvnelobaeniWebodaT, rom `jaris mRvdelTa ufrosi~ dikasteriis sxdomebs eswreboda daeqvemdebareboda `sulier mTavars~, anu mefis warmomadgenels dikasteriaSi.

aleqsandre amilaxvarma (1750-1802) Tavis TxzulebaSi `brZeni aRmosavleTisa,anu saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis mowyobis misi gansazRvra~ meoTxe Tavi miuZRvna`saeklesio wesebs~. misi TvalsazrisiT, `saeklesio wesebi~ dasabamiTve keTiliganzraxviT iqna SemoRebuli, raTa adamianTa boroteba SeezRuda da daemSvidebi-na~.30 am Tavs aleqsandre amilaxvari amTavrebs mosazrebiT, rom mRvdelmTavrebiàm qveynis meurveebad arian dadginebulni~, amitomac maT Sesabamisi pativi undamivagoT, amasTanave, unda gavarCioT isini (samRvdeloeba) am qveynis Cveulebrivixalxisagan (`sofluri kacebisagan~), isini ar unda ereodnen im saqmeebSi, romelnicmaT ar SeeferebaT. aleqsandre amilaxvari gamoTqvams wuxils, rom qristesmoZRvrebis da misi cxovrebis zogierTi gamgrZelebeli (e.i. zogierTi samRvdelopiri) simSvidis nacvlad, SfoTs Tesavs, ara marto Tavis qveyanaSi, aramed mTelqveyanaze (e.i. msoflioSi): `qriste siRaribeSi cxovrobda, misi (moZRvrebis)gamgrZelebelT ki mefobaze rCebaT Tvali. qriste erTmaneTisaTvis locvasgvaswavlida, eseni ki erTmaneTs SeaCveneben... marTlac erTi eklesia meoresSeaCvenebs~.31 aleqsandre amilaxvari askvnis, rom miviRoT rCeva - ̀ ar SevaviwrovoTsxva sarwmunoebis mimdevarni da neba davrToT, Tavisi rjulis Sesabamisad ilocon~,31

magram maT, e.i. sxva sarwmunoebis mqone xalxsa da eklesias unda davudoT garkveulizRvari, romelsac aRar gadavlen, radganac qveyanaze araferia usazRvro da arafriskeTeba ar gamodgeba uzomod~.31 aleqsandre amilaxvari specialistebis TvalsazrisiTimJamindeli evropeli moazrovneebis mimdevaria da maTgan gadmoaqvs qarTulsinamdvileSi zogierTi Tvalsazrisi. Tumca ki, is warmoadgens Rrmad morwmuneqristians da wers kidec, rom RmerTi, Semoqmedi yvelaze maRalia, Cven mis winaSeyvelani Tanasworni varT, igi gvexmareba, rom Cveni amqveyniuri sicocxlis dRenimSvidobiT ganvvloT, xolo imqveyniuri, anu saukunovani cxovrebis dros ufaliRmerTis winaSe warvdgeT àrawinaaRmdegobiT aRsavseni~.32 samwuxarod, aleqsandreamilaxvris meore naSromidan `georgianuli istoria~ Cans, rom misi avtorisinamdvileSi warmoadgens separatistuli Tvalsazrisis mqone adamians, romelicewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos erTianobis ideas. misi azriT, mefe Teimuraz II mxolodkaxeTis mefea da qarTlis samefos amklebi,33 romelic qarTlis samefo taxtsùkanonod, mimZlavrebiT daepatrona~. qarTlis taxtis memkvidreebi SeiZleba ufroamilaxvarTa sagvareulo iyos, vidre kaxeTis bagrationebi.34

saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis pirvel mkvlevarad iTvleba nikolozTadeozis Ze xizanaSvili, niko urbneli (20.09.1851, sof. maRladovleTi, gorismazra - 28.12.1906, Tbilisi), qarTveli mecnieri, iuristi, istorikosi, eTnografi,publicisti, literaturis kritikosi. 1870 wels daamTavra Tbilisis sasulieroseminaria, 1876 wels novorosiis universitetis (odesa) iuridiuli fakulteti,muSaobda gamomZieblad. xizanaSvilis samecniero moRvaweobis mTavari dargiqarTuli samarTlis istoria iyo. am dargis specialobiTi kvleva-Zieba pirvelad

30 a. amilaxvari, `brZeni aRmosavleTisa, anu saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis mowyobis misi gansazRvra~,Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 16; 31 iqve, gv. 17; 32 iqve, gv. 27; 33 iqve, gv. 42; 34 iqve, gv. 68.


xizanaSvilma daiwyo. Zveli qarTuli samarTlis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebisadmimiZRvnil monografiebs Soris gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia misi ori naSromi: ̀ aTabagibeqa da aRbuRa da maTi samarTali~ da `Zeglisdeba mefe giorgi brwyinvalesi~.xizanaSvilma safuZvlianad Seiswavla qarTuli samarTali da ostaturad gamoiyenaigi sakanonmdeblo ZeglebiT gaTvaliswinebuli institutebis gamosakvlevad. xizanaS-vilis iuridiul naSromebs fuZemdebluri mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli samarTlisistoriis mecnierebisaTvis. xizanaSvils ekuTvnis mravalmxriv saintereso publicis-turi werilebi, misi naSromebidan saeklesio samarTali Sesulia TxzulebebSi: 1.eTnografiuli nawerebi, Tb., 1940 (masalebi saqarTvelos eTnografiisaTvis); 2.rCeuli iuridiuli nawerebi (i. doliZis gamocema, Tb., 1982).

n. urbnelma Seiswavla ruis-urbnisis kreba da miiCnia qarTuli samarTlissaukeTeso Zeglad,35 agreTve, 1543-49 ww. krebis, e.w. `kaTalikozTa samarTali~.36

qarTuli samarTlisa da, kerZod, saeklesio samarTlis udidesi mkvlevaria didiiv. javaxiSvili. iv. javaxiSvilma gamoaqveyna Sesabamisi Sromebi: 1. `socialuribrZolisa da demokratiuli reformebis Sesaxeb IX-XI saukuneebis qarTuleklesiaSi~, 1904 w. rusul enaze;37 2. `saxelmwifo wyobileba Zvel saqarTvelosada Zvel somxeTSi~, 1905; 3. `saqarTvelos mefe da misi uflebis istoria~;38 4.`zneobrivi moZRvrebis istoria~39 (exeba samonastro cxovrebas); 5. `qarTulisamarTlis istoria~ (wigni I, 1919, quTaisi); 6. `qarTuli samarTlis istoria~(wigni I da wigni II, 1928).

iv. javaxiSvilis `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis~ pirvel wignSi SesabamisisiRrmiT aris ganxiluli `saqarTvelos adgilobrivi krebebis Zeglebi~. adgilobrivkrebebs iv. javaxiSvili or jgufad yofs. pirvel wignSi Sedis krebebi, romelnicgankuTvnili ar yofila kanonmdeblobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis, aramed moiwviessaeklesio kanoniT dawesebuli normis Sesabamisad, meoreSi ki aTavsebs kanonmdebelkrebebs, romelnic pirvelxarisxovani sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad iqna mowveuli.40

iv. javaxiSvili darwmunebulia, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis organizaciuladCamoyalibebisTanave, anu `TviTmwysobis pirvelad SemoRebis~ Semdegve, Catardamravali adilobrivi kreba, magram Sesabamisi dadgenilebani Cvenamde ar arismoRweuli, rogorc, magaliTad, javaxeTis IX s-is Sua wlebSi Sekrebili krebisSesaxeb giorgi merCules mier Semonaxuli cnoba, ̀ Rrtilas krebis~ Sesaxeb bagratmefis sigelSi da sxv. ivane javaxiSvili daaskvnis - `ramdeni namdvili saeklesiokreba yofila saqarTveloSi, rom maTi kvali am Jamad an gamqrala, an jeraRmoCenili ar aris~.41 ivane javaxiSvili gamowvlilviT mimoixilavs saqarTvelos4 saeklesio krebas, romelTa Sesaxebac meti cnobebi iqna Semonaxuli. esenia - 1.ruis-urbnisis kreba; 2. `1263 w. axlo drois saqarTvelos saeklesio krebismoxseneba da dadgenileba~; 3. ̀ samarTali kaTalikozTa da krebisa mier~; 4. ̀ 1767-68 w. ganCineba~.

ivane javaxiSvils miaCnia, rom ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedga 1103 wels. igi`Semokrba brZanebiTa mefisa~, Tumca kreba `RvTiv-Sekrebilad~ aris gamocxadebuli.krebis mowvevis Taosnoba daviT aRmaSenebels ekuTvnis, rasac arsen monazonikrebis saxeliT daweril `samadlobel qeba-didebaSi~ aRniSnavs. kreba winaswarganzraxuli mizniTa da gegmis gansaxorcieleblad yofila mowveuli da igi

35 n. urbneli (xizanaSvili), rCeuli iuridiuli Canawerebi, 1982, gaz. ìveria~, 1888, #38, 47, 75,270, 271; 36 `moambe~, 1898, #3, 4 ; 37 :eh& vby& yfh& ghjc&^ 1904^ +2^ gan y. 2, gv . 358-372; 38 `cnobisfurceli~, 1905, #28-66; 39 gaz . ìveria~, 1906, #10-13; 40 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormettomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv. 52; 41 iqve, gv. 53.



sagangebo yriloba iyo.42 krebis mizani `saeklesio weswyobilebis, samRvdelmsaxuro

wesebis da mrevlis zne-CveulebaTa da Secodebulebis ganmarTva da mowesrigebayofila~.42 kreba ruis-urbnisis maxloblad, jerovan adgilas, mravali dRis

manZilze grZeldeboda, episkoposTa, mRvdelTa, diakonTa, monazonTa, dayudebulTada meudabnoeTa monawileobiT. mefes mouwvevia èri mravalni~, `mecnierni~.sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxi krebas ar miuCnevia ganxilvis sagnad, radganac saqarTvelo-

Si daculi sarwmunoeba ubiwo iyo àra Tu ubiwoebasa qarTvelTa sarwmunoebasabiwi raime Sehxeboda~. krebas ioane kaTalikosi Tavmjdomareobda, romlis tituli

iyo - `yovlad Rirsi mTavarepiskoposi da yovlisa saqarTveloYsa didimamamTavari~. mamamTavari igivea, rac patriarqi. `Tvali wmidisa amis krebisa~yofila giorgi monazoni da mwignobarTuxucesi. krebis mdivani, ivane javaxiSvi-

lis sityviT, yofila arsen monazoni.43 misive azriT, ruis-urbnisis krebisZegliswera oTxi mTavari nawilisagan Sedgeba (I nawili - Sesavali, II -

dadgenileba krebisa, III - daviT aRmaSeneblisadmi miZRvnili saqebeli, misi saTauria`mefe daviTs monazoni arseni~, IV nawili - mravalJamieri cocxali moRvaweebisa

da micvalebulTaTvis saukuno xseneba.44 I nawilSi saqarTvelos pirvelgzisi dameoregzisi gaqristianebisa da qarTuli eklesiis dafuZnebis Sesaxebaa saubariefrem mciris mier Seqmnili koncefciis mixedviT. mas mosdevs saeklesio

kanonmdeblobisa da samarTlis Zeglebis aRnusxva, bunebiTi da dawerili samarTlisganviTarebis mimoxilva.

ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi T. Jordanias dauyvia 15 muxlad, iv. javaxiSvili

ki mas 17 muxlad yofs.

II saeklesio kreba, romelsac iv. javaxiSvili ganixilavs, Semdgara 1263 wlisaxlo dros. g. gozaliSvilma aRmoaCina krebis mefisadmi mimarTvis ara dedani,

aramed samuSao piri, savaraudod, XIII s-sa. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, saeklesiomiwebis gacema, romlis winaaRmdegac iyo mimarTuli kreba, laSa-giorgis Zis mefe

daviTis sibaze siarulis Semdgom daiwyo, e.i. 1263 wels, am saqmeSi basiliWyondidel-ujarmels miuRia monawileoba. igi gandidebula, mbrZaneblad qceula

mefis sibaze siarulisas.45

III kreba saqarTvelos eklesiisa, romelsac ganixilavs iv. javaxiSvili, Semdgara1543-49 wlisaTvis. es Zegli Seuswavlia n. urbnels monografiiT ̀ Cveni saeklesio

istoriidan. samarTali kaTalikozisa~.46 iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `kaTa-likozTa samarTlis~ wigni vaxtang VI-is krebulSi 23 paragrafs Seicavs dadaTariReba krebisa daudgenlad miaCnia. vaxuSti batoniSvili krebis mowvevas

aTariRebs XVII s-is dasawyisiT, m. brose XVI s-is 70-iani wlebiT, s. kakabaZe 1544-62 wlebiT. k. kekeliZe 1543-49 wlebiT, rasac ufro eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvili.

misi azriT, Tavdapirvelad krebis kanonebi mTavrdeboda 22-e muxliT, Semdeg masdaurTes 23-e muxli, anda teqstis mermindel gadamwers SecdomiT gamotovebulimuxli bolos miuweria. Zeglis kanonebi dalagebulia Sinaarsis mixedviT, misi

teqsti pirvandeli saxiT Semonaxuli ar aris. Semdegdroindeli danarTi undaiyos krebis monawileTa xelrTvis Semdeg moTavsebuli muxli, romelic Seexeba

`colis ubralod damagdebs~, romelsac aqvs xalxuri zne-Cveulebisa da uflebriviazrovnebis gavlena.47 ̀ kaTalikozTa samarTlis~ Zeglis Semdgenlebi cdilan Zeglis

Sinaarsi sistemurad daelagebinaT. saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi am krebaSimonawileobda viTarca qarTuli eklesiis uzenaesi saWeTmpyrobeli, magram kreba

42 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. VI, 1982 gv. 54; 43 iqve, gv. 55; 44 iqve, gv. 56; 45 iqve,gv. 60; 46 moambe, 1898, #3, 4; 47 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv. 65.


dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaimarTa. Zegli 1913 wels gamosca s. kakabaZem. `kaTa-

likozTa samarTlis wigni XVI s. dasavleT saqarTvelos uflebrivi da socialurimdgomareobis Sesaswavlad mniSvnelovani Zeglia~.48

IV kreba saqarTvelos eklesiisa, romelsac ganixilavs iv. javaxiSvili,

warmoadgens 1767-68 wlebis krebis ganCinebas, romelic 1768 wels daumtkicebiaTerekle mefesa da anton kaTalikozs. es ganCineba yovel episkoposs unda waekiTxa

Tavisi samwysos saydrebSi, Sedgeba 13 muxlisagan, gamosca T. Jordaniam. krebasaeklesio sakiTxebis garda, zogierTi arajansaRi xalxuri wesis da sisxlissamarTlis danaSaulis aRmosafxvreladaa gamiznuli.

qarTul saeklesio samarTls mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs, Tumca misSeswavlas mxolod XX s-is dasawyisSi Cauyara safuZveli ivane javaxiSvilma. mangamoikvlia, rom qarTul eklesias ZvelTaganve hqonda Tavisi sasamarTlo, Tavisi

ekonomikuri politika, hyavda sakuTari jari, Tavisi ymebi, amasTanave, rac CvenTvissainteresoa, ̀ moepoveboda saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis wesebze mowyobili moxeleoba,

da amitom bevris mxriT saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis Tvisebebi etyoboda... am mxrivqarTuli saeklesio samarTali romis kaTolikeTa eklesiis `Corpus iuris canonici~-s

ufro miagavs, vidre berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTals. aseve, msgavsad amisa,qarTuli eklesia Tavis wes-wyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis saSualosaukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da rusTa eklesiebs~.49

ivane javaxiSvili garkveviT wers, rom sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobiT qarTulieklesia mudamJams marTlmadidebluri iyo da èrTmorwmune~, anu TanamorwmuneberZnuli da rusuli eklesiebisa, amitomac mis saeklesio samarTals safuZvlad

edo msoflio eklesiis Sesabamisi samarTali, dadgenilni msoflio krebebisa dasxva samarTlebrivi institutebis mier, magram igi (saqarTvelos eklesia), viTarca

`saxelmwifo cxovrebasa da wes-wyobilebaSi gansakuTrebuli upiratesobis mqone~erTeuli ara mxolod saeklesio dawesebuleba iyo, aramed TavisTavadi saxelmwi-foebrivi sxeulic. amitom, misi samarTali ufro rTuli Sesaswavlia, vidre

erTmorwmune rusuli da berZnuli eklesiebisa. ivane javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad,qarTuli eklesiis aRniSnul ufleba-upiratesobaTa Sesaxeb cnobebis miReba mxolod

sigel-gujrebidan SeiZleba. am sabuTebSi mravali cnoba exeba saqarTvelos eklesiiskaTalikos-patriarqebis mier centraluri sasamarTlos organizacias.50 Sesabamisad,

rogorc aRiniSna, ivane javaxiSvilis kvlevis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos eklesiasTavisi marTva-gamgeoba mowyobili hqonda `saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis wesebze~.51

qarTuli samarTlis wyaroebis mimoxilvisas, iv. javaxiSvili Tavdapirvelad

ixilavs msoflio krebebis kanonmdeblobas, miaCnia, rom saqarTveloSi moqmedikanonmdebloba iyo msoflio eklesiis krebebis kanonmdeblobani da berZnulisjuliskanoni, `didi sjuliskanoni~ upirvelesad, romelic ukve IX-X ss-Si

qarTuladac unda yofiliyo naTargmni, arsen iyalToelma igi xelaxla Targmna.52

ruis-urbnisis krebas arsen iyalToelis naTargmni sjuliskanonisagan srulebiTgansxvavebuli redaqcia hqonia.53 iv. javaxiSvils gamokvleuli aqvs, rom ruis-

urbnisis krebis dadgenilebiT qarTuli eklesiis mier cnobili iyo `didisaklimentosis mier~ dawerili mociqulTa `kanonni saeklesioni~, 7 msoflio kreba

(nikeisa, konstantinopolisa, efesoisa, qalkidonisa, 2 konstantinopolisa, samefosapalatisa gumbadsa Sina momxdari e.w. trulisa, 2 nikeisa), 6 adgilobiTi kreba

48 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv. 67; 49 iqve, gv. 36; 50 iqve, gv. 67;51 iqve, gv. 38; 52 iqve, gv. 38-41; 53 iqve, gv. 43.


(ankviriisa, Rangrisa, antioqiisa, laodikiisa, frigiisa, karTagenisa), 8 ganTq-

mul mamaTa mier ganCinebulni da TanaaRricxulni kanonni da kanoniani

epistoleebi petre aleqsandrielisa, grigol neokesarielisa, basili didisa,diodoresa, grigol xucisa, xorepiskoposTa, queSeTTa episkoposTa da amfiloqesa

mimarT, grigol noselisa, timoTe aleqsandrielisa, filoTeos aleqsandrielisaRvTis gamocxadebisaTvis, avginosi, agaTonisa minais episkoposTa mimarT, kvirile

aleqsandrielisa da gennadi konstantinopolelisa~.54 arseni iyalToels `didi

sjuliskanoni~ xelaxla uTargmnia swored im mizeziT, rom ruis-urbnisis krebassxva redaqcia hqonia xelT.55 ivane javaxiSvili Semdgom paragrafSi ixilavs eqvTime

mTawmindelis naSromebsa da saredaqcio muSaobas am sferoSi. adgilobrivi krebebis

ganxilvis Semdeg, exeba saqarTvelos eklesiis upiratesobaTa simtkicis wignebs.ixilavs saqarTvelos eklesiis uzenaesi saWeTmpyroblis gansakuTrebul uflebebs

sakuTari jaris yolisa, laSqar-nadirobaSi gancalkevebuli samxedro erTeulissaxiT monawileobis uflebas da miaCnia, rom es ufleba eklesias miuRia daviT

aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris Semdeg.56

monastris wes-gangebaTa ganxilvis Semdeg, ivane javaxiSvili ganixilavs saero

kanonmdeblobis Zeglebs, romlebSic mravali sakiTxi exeba saeklesio samarTals: a)

garigeba xelmwifis karisa; b) wesi da gangeba mefeTa kurTxevisa; g) `dasturla-mali~. ̀ bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis nawyvetis~ ganxilvis dros mecnieri

miiCnevs, rom bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignidan aris Setanili aRbuRas

kanonebSi zogierTi muxli, magaliTad, ̀ meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianeTasjulisa damamtkicebeli~,57 aRniSnavs, rom, rogorc beqas kanonebSi, ise sakuTriv

aRbuRas kanonebSi arsad mefe moxseniebuli ar aris, yovelTvis patron aTabagzeasaubari.57 iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom zogierTi muxlis Sinaarsi beqa-aRbuRas

droindel sazogadoebriv viTarebas ar Seesabameba, aq episkoposi da, sazogadod,

samRvdeloeba srul batonad aris gamoyvanili, maT winaaRmdeg mefe uZluria,araferi ar SeuZlian... amitom es samive muxli (101, 102, 103-e kanoni) iseT xanas

unda ekuTvnodes, roca samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi, sruli batoni iyo da saero

mTavrobaze maRla eWira Tavi, ese igi daviT aRmaSeneblis uwinaresi xanisa undaiyos. swored am dros iyvnen monazonebi batonad da mTavris mowvevis baraTze

pasuxad SeeZloT SeeTvalaT, bers SenTan àra hnebavs mosvlao~... am dros beri-arqimandriti iyo imdenad Zlieri, rom Tavisuflad mefes satrfos arTmevda,

monasterSi hketavda. aseT xanas daadgendnen: `rac unda Sescodos episkoposma,

moZRvarma, mRvdelma, Tu monazonma mefeso, mainc xeli ar axloTo, imitom rom,meore mefe episkoposi aris... arca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvso~.58 iv. javaxiSvili

daaskvnis aRbuRas kanonebis 101, 102, 103-e muxlebis mimarT _ èrTi sityviT,

TviT am kanonebis Sinaarsi gviCvenebs, rom isini TiTqos ufro IX s-issazogadoebrivi ganwyobilebis gamomxatvelia... kanonTa es muxlebi TiTqos ufro

bagrat I kurapalatis droindelad gamodis~.59

ivane javaxiSvili ganixilavs sakanonmdeblo krebis muSaobas, romelmac gamosca

`Zeglis dadeba~ giorgi brwyinvalisa: `sakanonmdeblo krebas es Zegli ramdenime

mTavar nawilad dauyvia~.60 da am sakanonmdeblo krebas Zeglis dadebis Sedgenis drossaqarTveloSi arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT unda exelmZRvanela. `sakanonmdeblo krebis

wevrT xelT marto qarTuli samarTlis Sesaxebi cnoba ki ar moepoveboda, aramed imis

54 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv. 45; 55 iqve, gv. 46; 56 iqve, gv. 68;57 iqve, gv. 88; 58 iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni I, Txzulebani 12 tomad, tomi VI,1982, gv. 89; 59 iqve, gv. 90; 60 iqve, gv. 99.


gamokvlevac SeeZlo, Tu ama Tu im sakiTxze ucxo qveynis samarTlis wignebSi raewera, amitom safiqrebelia, rom mezobel erTa samarTlis Zeglebis dednad TunaTargmni am drosac saqarTveloSi unda hqonodaT da angariSi gauweviaT~.61

beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis ganxilvis dros ivane javaxiSvili miiCnevs, romaRbuRas Tavis samarTlis wigni sakanonmdeblo krebaze Seudgenia. aTabag-amirspasalar aRbuRas am krebaze mouwvevia mawyvereli, Tavisi `biZa-Ze SaSia damisi Zma safaris moZRvari pafnote, `xuTisave Temisa samcxisa~ taoelTa, klarjTa,SavSvTa da ueWvelia javaxTa da mesxTa èpiskoposni, meudabnoeni~, warCinebulnicda ufrosi moxelenic, sakanonmdeblo kreba `WolevTa~-s Seyrila... saWirod ucvniabeqas kanonebisaTvis daematebina axlad gaCenil danaSaulebaTa dasasjelad gankuTv-nili muxlebi~ kerZod, beqas 65 kanons daerTo 32 muxli.

iv. javaxiSvili Sesabamis paragrafSi ganixilavs vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTakrebulSi beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis boloSi darTul e.w. `kanonikur samarTals~ damiiCnevs, rom isini SecdomiT aris darTuli.62 rogorc cnobilia, kanonikurisamarTlis muxlebs boloSi miwerili aqvs wyevlaTa formula damnaSavis mimarT- `krul da wyeul, SeCvenebul iyvn~, amasTanave, zogierTi misi muxli emsgavseba,zogjer ki mTlianad imeorebs beqasa Tu aRbuRas samarTlis muxlebs. amis gamoisini miCneul iqna dauTariRebel kanonebad, romelTa `sadaurobis gamokvleva dadaTariReba Cveni mecnierebis morig sakiTxad unda iqnas miCneuli~.63 amasTanave,rogorc iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, misi kanonebi `wyevlakrulviTa da nawilobrivsasjelTa simkacriT mxolod kaTalikozTa samarTlis wigns uaxlovdeba~.63 Cvenamave naSromSi gamovTqviT mosazreba, rom aRbuRam Wulevis monasterSi moiwviasaeklesio kreba - saxelmwifo darbazi, romelsac gansaxilvelad da dasamtkice-blad gadasca iqamde mis mierve Sedgenili e.w. ̀ aRbuRas samarTali~, agreTve amavekrebas dasamtkiceblad, Zveli simtkicis gansaaxleblad gadasca misi uSualowinapris, ̀ beqas samarTali~ da uZvelesi ̀ bagrat kurapalatis samarTali~. samive eswigni krebam daamtkica da zed daurTo e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~ TavisiwyevlaTa formuliT. saeklesio krebas, rogorc sxva krebaTa masalebSic Cans, aseTiufleba hqonda. maSasadame, e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~ warmoadgens Wulevissaeklesio sakanonmdeblo krebis mier gamocemul kanonebs, romelic Tan daerTokrebis mierve damtkicebul beqas, aRbuRas da bagrat kurapalatis kanonebs. maTida kanonikuri samarTlis erTiani numeraciac miuTiTebs, rom aseTi mosazreba hqondavaxtang VI-is komisiasac, romelmac gamosca vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebuli.

vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulis ganxilvis dros ivane javaxiSvilimimoixilavs XVIII s-s: `swored gasaocari xana iyo es xana, aseTi dauRalavi,medgari muSaoba, romelsac erTi sazogado mimarTuleba hqonda da farTo daRrma niadagi epyra, uflebas gvaZlevs qarTuli mwerlobis am xanas enciklope-diuri xana davarqvaT saxelad. TiTqmis yvela amdroindel moRvawes azri dagoneba im fiqrisken iyo mimarTuli, rom qarTveli xalxis SemoqmedebiTi niWismravali saukunis namuSevari da naWirnaxulevi SeekribaT, SeeswavlaT da Camomav-lobisaTvis, damTavrebuli, yovelmxrivi warmodgena da cnoba gardaecaT. am diadisaqmis moTaved da sulis Camdgmelad giorgi XI da metadre didebuli, dauviwyarivaxtang VI iyo. man Sekriba Cveni qveynis warsulisa da matianeebis daxelovnebulimcodne pirebi, maTi daxmarebiT saistorio masalebs erTad Tavi mouyara, ZveliSeavso da Seaswora. manve Seagrova qarTuli samarTlis Zveli naSTebi, Zeglebida samarTlis wignebis kodiko Seadgina, manve gamgeobisa da moxeleobis Sesaxebi

61 iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni I, Txzulebani 12 tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv. 102;62 iqve , gv. 108; 63 iqve, gv. 111.


masalebi Seagrova da erTi qarTuli saxelmwifo samarTlis wigni ̀ dasturlamali~Seadgina~.64 vaxtang VI-m Sekriba qarTuli Zveli samarTlis wignebi, `kaTalikozisada mefis giorgisa da beqas ganCinebuli samarTlebi~, zed daurTo `dabadebisamoses mier qmnilni samarTalni da kualad berZenTa da somexTa wignTagangardmoTargmnilni~. am Sromis Semdeg man didebulTa samRvdeloebisa damoxeleebis TandaswrebiT `darbazis erTa, WkuaTa myofelTa da moxucebulTakacTa~ TanamSromlobiT axali samarTlis wigni Seadgina, `romelsa zeda mowmobadarTes erTa CvenTa srulobiT saRmrToTa da gina samxedroTa, brZenman damonaxulman yovelmanve erTbamaT~.65

am wignis `berZnulidan naTargmni kanonebis Sesaxeb TavianTi azri akad.brosesagan moyolebuli bevr mecniers aqvs gamoTqmuli... v. sokolskis monogra-fiaSi (Uhtrj-hbvcrjt ghfdj d ekj;tybb uhepbycrjuj wfhz Df[nfyuf VI)66 gamoTqmuliazriT, vaxtangis kodikoSi Setanili `berZnuli samarTlis wigni~ blastarissintagmis Semoklebas warmoadgens armenopulosa da sxva wyaroebiTgan Sevsebuls.67

iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, `samarTlis istoriisaTvis Zvirfasi cnobebimetadre sigel-gujrebSi aris Senaxuli. swored daufasebeli ganZia es ukanaskne-li wyaro imitom, rom igi moqmedi samarTlis viTarebas gvisuraTebs dapiruTvnel sabuTs warmoadgens~.68

iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, eklesias hqonda sagadasaxado Seuvaloba nawilobriv, magramsaqarTvelos eklesias hqonda sasamarTlo Seuvalobis uflebac da misi ymebi mxolodsaeklesio sasamarTlos emorCilebodnen.69

iv. javaxiSvili Tavisi samarTlis istoriis meore wignis meore nakveTismesame Tavs mTlianad uZRvnis eklesias. ganxiluli aqvs eklesiis msaxurTa ufleba-movaleobani, ixilavs eklesiis msaxurTagan xelisuflebis miRebis wess, qristiano-bisa da samonastro moZraobis Tavdapirvel idealebs sakuTrebisa da SromisproblemisaTvis, udabnoebsa da monastrebs, monastrebis pirad Semadgenlobasa damis ufleba-movaleobas, exeba giorgi mTawmindelis mcdelobas eklesiaSi demokra-tiuli wes-wyobilebis dasamyareblad, monastrebSi wes-wyobilebis monarqiuliprincipis respublikuri wesiT Secvlas;70 monasterSi qonebisa da Sromis problemas,imave problemas eriskacTa Soris.71

rogorc zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, ivane javaxiSvili sagangebod ganixilavssaqarTvelos sul oTx saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo krebas. korneli kekeliZe kiganixilavs Semdeg krebebs saqarTvelos eklesiisas: ruis-urbnisis krebas (1103 w.),romelmac gamosca `Zegliswera~, da XVI s-is krebas, romelmac `sakaTalikozokanonebi~ gamosca imereTSi. agreTve, exeba 1748 wlis, 1755 wlis 16 dekembris,1756 wlis 4 aprilis krebebs da 1762 wels mowveul krebas.

k. kekeliZe sagangebod Seexo saeklesio kanonikas Tavis wignSi ̀ Zveli qarTuliliteraturis istoria~. k. kekeliZis azriT, X s-is bolomde qarTuli saeklesio-iuridiuli mwerloba, am sityvis namdvili mniSvnelobiT, ar arsebobda,72 magramsaeklesio kanonikis cnobili mkvlevaris, vl. beneSeviCis azriT, X s-Si qarTulenaze ukve arsebobda didi, anu 14-titlovani sjuliskanoni foti patriarqisa.73

am azrs iziarebs iv. javaxiSvili Tavis `qarTuli samarTlis istoriaSi~.74

64 iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni I, Txzulebani 12 tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv.112; 65 iqve , gv. 113; 66 D& Cjrjkmcrbq^ (Uhtrj-hbvcrjt ghfdj d ekj;tybb Uhepbycrjuj Wfhz Df[nfyufVI)^ :ehy& Vby& Yfh & Ghjc&^ 1897^ IX^ c& 56-93 $ 67 iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 114; 68 iqve , gv.122; 69 iqve , gv. 253; 70 iqve, gv. 68; 71 iqve, gv. 88; 72 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturisistoria, t. I, 1980, gv. 559; 73 Dk& <tytitdbx$ Uhepbycrbq Dtkbrbq Yjvjrfyjy gj cgbcrfv N,bkbccrjujwthrjdyjuj veptz ({hbcnbfy& Dtcnybr)^ n& II^ cnh & 350-351$ 74 iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 19-30.


k. kekeliZe gamowvlilviT ixilavs aRniSnul mecnierTa argumentebsa da uaryofs

maT. misi azriT, didi sjuliskanoni qarTulad iTargmna ruis-urbnisis krebisSemdeg,75 arsen iyalToelis mier, romelic Semdeg SeuvsiaT sxvadasxva statiiT.

k. kekeliZis azriT, saerTod, kanonikuri krebulebis TargmnisaTvis pirvelad

CvenSi xeli moukidia eqvTime aTonels. praqtikulad, yoveldRiuri saWiroebisaTvis,redaqciis cotaodeni cvlilebiT, qarTul sinamdvilesTan SefardebiT.

k. kekeliZe ikvlevs, rom bizantiaSi eklesiis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi saxelmZR-

vanelod adgendnen sxvadasxva patara krebuls, praqtikuli moTxovnilebebisaTvis,zogierTi aseTi krebuli qarTuladac uTargmniaT.

k. kekeliZe ikvlevs, rom saqarTvelos eklesia Tavis marTva-gamgeobaSi

xelmZRvanelobda agreTve saeklesio, adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobiT, romlis orga-nod da wyarod iTvleboda: a) kerZo pirTa ganmartebani; b) kaTalikos-patriarqTa

epistoleni; g) samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiuli kodeqsebi; d) qarTul adgilobrivkrebaTa dadgenilebani. kerZo pirTa ganmartebebTan dakavSirebiT, romelicgamoiyeneboda saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobis wyarod, k.

kekeliZe wers, rom rodesac wamoiWreboda romelime gadauWreli sakiTxi anproblema, qarTuli eklesia mimarTavda saberZneTis praqtikas, risTvisac sazRvarg-

areTis qarTuli monastris warmomadgenlebs sTxovdnen Sesabamis ganmartebas.magaliTad, giorgi Wyondidels miumarTavs eqvTime aTonelisaTvis, romelsac

Sesabamisi pasuxi da ganmartebani Seudgenia.76

meore wyaros, k. kekeliZis azriT, saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonmdeblobisawarmoadgenda `kanonikuri epistoleebi~. Cvenamde SemorCenilia mxolod erTi,

kaTalikos anton I-sa, romelic gamoucia 1767 wels. es epistole Seicavs 15muxls. k. kekeliZis azriT, `kanonikuri epistoles~ xasiaTi aqvs im `sasjulomcnebas~, romelic XV s-Si miucia antioqiel-ierusalimel patriarqs mixails

ioakime bedielisaTvis afxazeTis kaTalikosad dadginebis gamo.77

samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiuli dokumentebidan, romelnic warmoadgendnenwyaros saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobriv kanonmdeblobisa, k. kekeliZe miakuTvnebs

giorgi brwyinvales Zeglisdebas da beqa-aRbuRas samarTals, Tumca mxolodnawilobrivad, radganac isini mainc samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis kodeqsebs warmoad-

gens da saeklesio samarTlis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadacmaTSi alag-alag laparakia eklesiisa da mis msaxurTa Sesaxebac. amave wres

miakuTvnebs k. kekeliZe `xelmwifis karis garigebas~. maTSi saeklesio institutisakmaod reliefuradaa warmodgenili, magaliTad, Wyondideli da moZRvarTmoZRvari:`saeklesio da sasuliero saqmeebis gamge, am ZegliT aris Wyondideli, gelaTis

monastris garda yvela saydari, eklesia da monasteri, xucesi, monazoni dasaeklesio dasni misi saxeloYsani iyvnen. vezirTa Soris mas pirveli adgili

ukavia. aq moxsenebuli arian mcxeTisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosi da episkoposebi:quTaTeli, bedieli, iSxneli, mawyvereli, anCeli da golgoTeli, da ara Tuubralod arian moxsenebulni, maTi ierarqiuli upiratesobac aris aRniSnuli. maT

Soris yvelaze meti pativi iSxnelsa da quTaTels aqvs. am muxlSi es ZegliSesamCnevad gansxvavdeba im dokumentebisagan, romelsac ewodeba `wesi da gangeba

kurTxevisaTvis mefisa Tu viTar dasxden mRvdelmTavarni sruliad saqarTvelosni~an àRsavalTaTvis samRvdelmoZRvaroTa saydarTa~, romelic `karis garigebis~

Semdeg unda iyos Sedgenili. sakmaod vrcladaa `karis garigebaSi~ laparaki

75 k. kekeliZe, dasax. n aSr., gv. 564; 76 iqve , gv. 567; 77 T. Jordania, qronikebi, II, gv . 294-297.


78 k. kekeliZe, dasax. n aSr., gv. 564; 79 n. urbneli, saeklesio sjulmdebloba, Zegliswera, ìveria~,1888, #38, 46, 75, 270, 271; 80 iqve, #38, 46, 75, 270, 271; 81 k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr ., gv. 572;82 k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t. IV, 1957 w. gv. 336-357.

`moZRvarTmoZRvris~ Sesaxeb. is yovelTvis pirvelad ixsenieba oTx didxarisxovan

berTa an monazonTa Soris, romlebic arian: moZRvarTmoZRvari, Wyondideli dakaTalikosni qarTlisa da afxazeTisa. mas meti pativi aqvs, Tumca is ubralo

episkoposia, vidre kaTalikosebs. pativi misi zogjer Wyondidelis pativsacaWarbebs. mefe darbazSi mas gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT epyroba~.78

ruis-urbnisis krebis dadgenileba, romelsac ewodeba `Zegliswera wmidisa da

RvTivSekrebulisa krebisa~, k. kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, Seicavs sam nawils: 1.prologs an Sesavals, romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia eklesiis daarseba sazogadodda saqarTveloSic, kerZod, msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa sakanonmdeblo

moqmedeba da maT msgavsad am ruis-urbnisis krebis mowveva; 2. ruis-urbnisiskrebis kanonmdeblobas da 3. sinodikons, romelSic redaqtori eubneba cocxlebs

(mefe-dedoflebs, kaTalikos-mRvdelmTavrebs da cnobil sasuliero moRvaweebs)`mravalJamiers~, xolo micvalebulebs - `saukuno xsenebas~.

`Zegliswera~ k. kekeliZes TvalsazrisiT, Sedgenilia arsen beris mier. krebas

`dausxams~ da daudgenia 15 kanoni: 1. uRirs mRvdelmTavarTa gankveTisaucilebloba; 2. asaki xeldasxmaTa da dro maTi xeldasxmisa; 3. giorgi

mTawmidelis `kurTxevanis~ sanqcia; 4. e.w. simonia, an xeldasxmisaTvis qrTamismicema; 5. samRvdeloTa WurWelTa da eklesiisadmi SewirulTa siwmideTa, TviniermaTi daniSnulebisa moxmarebis dauSvebloba; 6. gvirgvinis kurTxeva; 7. asaki

dasaqorwinebelTa; 8. ierarqiul pirTa jerovani momzadeba; 9. monastrebismoZRvrebisaTvis, maTi ricxvi da xarisxi; 10. monastrebSi vaWrobis uadgiloba; 11.

sad, rogor da rodis unda sruldebodes micvalebulTa da cocxalTa mosaxsene-beli Jamiswirva da locva; 12. marTlmadideblebad momavalni somexni undanaTelRebul iqnen, viTarca warmarTni; 13. marTlmadidebelTa da warmarTTa

SeuRleba akrZalulia; 14. kidiskide ara erTgan kurTxeva gvirgvinisa dauSvebelia;15. sodomis codvis Sesaxeb.

`Zegliswera~ metad sayuradRebo naSTia qarTuli iuridiuli mwerlobisa, masSi

aRibeWda sazogado saeklesio-iuridiuli normebi (uTiTebs n. urbnels79).

k. kekeliZe ganixilavs `sakaTalikoso kanonebs~, anu `samarTals kaTalikosisa~

da miiCnevs, rom igi aris 1543-49 wlebSi qarTlis kaTalikos malaqias daafxazeTis kaTalikosis evdemon I CxetiZis dros imereTis saeklesio krebis miergamocemuli kanonebi, romelnic damyarebuli yofila `sjuliskanonze~. k.

kekeliZis TqmiT, esaa `didi sjuliskanoni~. am Zeglidan Cans, rom saeklesiosamarTlis iurisdiqcias CvenSi am dros eqvemdebareboda sisxlis samarTlis

danaSaulebani zogierT SemTxvevaSi (uTiTebs n. urbnels80).

k. kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, ̀ sigel-gujrebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs eklesiisa dasaxelmwifos urTierTSoris damokidebulebis gaSuqebisaTvis, saeklesio samarTlis,

mflobelobisa da baton-patronobis gasaTvaliswineblad. isini xSirad SeicavenmTel kanonmdeblobiT kodeqss eklesiis saqmeTa gamo. magaliTad, biWvinTis gujari.maTi dawvrilebiTi, mecnieruli Seswavla Cven warmogvidgens saeklesio-samoqalaqo

kanonmdeblobis mTlian suraTs~.81

k. kekeliZe, Tavis cnobil naSromSi ̀ kanonikuri wyobileba Zvel saqarTveloSi~82

gamoTqvams mniSvnelovan mosazrebebs, romelic Camoyalibebulia daskvnebis saxiT:


1. vaxtang gorgaslamde iberiis eklesia warmoadgenda erT administraciulorganizms, romelsac ganagebda erTi mwyemsmTavari.

2. eparqialuri mRvdelmTavris garda, Zvel iberiaSi cnobili iyo agreTveinstituti `mefis saxlis~ episkopozisa, romelsac administraciuli funqciebi arunda hqonoda.

3. Tavdapirvelad iberiaSi umaRlesi ierarqiuli postebi ekavaT rogorcqarTvelebs, ise berZnebs, sirielebsa da somxebs; nacionalizacia ierarqiisa mxolodVI s-is gasulisaTvis Cans damTavrebulad.

4. vaxtang gorgasalma iveriis eklesia 467 wels dayo 13 eparqiad; aman gamoiwviaeklesiis saWeTmpyroblisaTvis kaTolikozis titulis SemoReba, Tumca am titulsmisi matareblis saeklesiaTaSoriso mdgomareobaSi araviTari cvlileba ar mouxdenia.

5. mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg iberiaSi kaTolikozis kandidats iZleva ori saxlian gvari, romelTagan erTi unda iyos elinofiluri partiisa, xolo meoresparsofiluris warmomadgeneli.

6. iberiis eklesia Tavdapirvelad mtkice kavSirSi imyofeboda somexTa eklesiasTan.

7. 609 wels iberiis eklesiam gawyvita kavSiri somxis eklesiasTan, erT-erTimTavari motivi amisa iyo kirion kaTolikozis mier bizantiaSi SeTvisebulipentarqiuli Teoria.

8. somexTagan ganSorebis Semdeg iberiis eklesia, pentarqiuli Teoriis karnaxiT,daeqvemdebara antioqiis sapatriarqos.

9. damokidebuleba antioqiis sapatriarqoze, romelmac VII s-danve nominalurixasiaTi miiRo, sabolood Sewyda XI s-is naxevarSi, rodesac saqarTvelo gaerTiandada Zlier saxelmwifod iqca.

10. dasavleT saqarTvelos, afxazeTis, sakaTalikozo faqtiurad yalibdeba X s-is IInaxevridan, rodesac moxda likvidacia aq arsebuli lazikis berZnuli mitropoliisada abazgiis avtokefaluri arqiepiskopiisa.

11. afxazeTisa da mcxeTis kaTolikozebi iyvnen sworuflebiani gamgeni TavianTisamwysosa, xolo urTierTdamokidebulebaSi mcxeTis kaTolikozs, rogorc sataxtoqalaqsa da `mefeTa-mefis~ ierarqs, miniWebuli hqonda upiratesoba pativisa.83

rogorc qvemoT naSromSi Cans, Cven ar viziarebT k. kekeliZis am daskvnebisumetes nawils.

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs did adgils uTmobs mRvdeli polievqtoskarbelaSvili Tavis wignSi ìerarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, kaTalikosni damRvdel-mTavarni~ (Tbilisi, 1900). polievqtos karbelaSvili saqarTvelos eklesiisistoriis mniSvnelovani mkvlevaria, yovel SemTxvevaSi, maT Soris, romelTacsaqarTvelos eklesiis istoria sagangebod ukvleviaT. samwuxarod, ratomRac misisaxeli miiCqmala. zemoaRniSnuli wigni warmoadgenda k. kekeliZis samagido wigns,mravaljer uTiTebs Tavis `qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi~. am wigns kargadicnobda ivane javaxiSvili da polievqtos karbelaSvilis zogierT daskvnas iRebdamTlianad, yovelgvari kritikis gareSe (magaliTad, p. karbelaSvilis Tvalsazrisi,rom mcxeTasTan dakavSirebiT aTabagebis ùgunurma~ saeklesio politikam sab-olood xeli Seuwyo mesxeTis swraf gamahmadianebas). p. karbelaSvilis mierganxiluli krebebis gadmocemamde ganvixiloT misi zogierTi saintereso mosazrebasamarTlis sferoSi.

83 k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t. IV, 1957 w., gv. 336-357.


p. karbelaSvilis TqmiT, mociqulTa swori wm. bagrati, romelsac eklesia 9

Tebervals da 9 ivliss ixseniebs, iyo mTavari kapadokieli da, maSasadame, qarTveli

da igi moaqcia petre mociqulma. bagratma iqadaga italiaSi, I saukuneSi. misive

TqmiT, qarTvelebi (kapadokielebi) iyvnen SavizRvispira kaTedrebis pirveli

mRvdelmTavrebi: andria mociqulis mowafe filologi (sinopis kaTedra) foti(trapizoneli), meleti, ipati, stratofilosi, epaciani da sxvani. misive azriT,

imperatorma traianem kolxeTSi (kerZod, klarjeTSi) gamoaZeva (gadmoasaxla) romis

episkoposi, petre mociqulis mowafe, klimentiosi da, agreTve, pontoeli

(kapadokieli) episkoposi palmosi, warmoSobiT qarTveli, romlis Svili, fazisis

episkoposi markioni mwvalebeli iyo. markioni SendobisaTvis misula romis pap

anikitesTan.84 p. karbelaSvilis TqmiT, wm. giorgi iyo wm. ninos biZaSvili.saqarTvelos pirveli episkoposi ioane warmoSobiT iyo qarTveli (kapadokieli), igi

Cveni eklesiis ierarqi yofila 318 wlidan. maSasadame, Cveni eklesia daarsda, anu

eri moiqca 318 wels. mtkvris piras dResac mdgari Zveli oTxkuTa Senoba

imJamindel `mTavarTa sanaTlavs~ warmoadgenda. matianeebSi moxmobili `zemo

saydari~ - axlandeli dedaTa monasteria samTavroisa. mcxeTis ̀ samirones~ (kvarTze

aRmarTul nagebobas) p. karbelaSvilis dros hqonia vercxlis kari mefe mirianis,viTarca wmidanis gamoqandakebiT. karbelaSvilis TqmiT, ioane mTavarepiskoposobda

318-327 wlebSi. mis dros mirian mefem imogzaura ierusalimSi, iq mirianma aaSena

jvris monasteri, romelic X s-is damlevs ganaaxla berma proxorem, igi XIX s-

mde qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT. meore mTavarepiskoposis, iakobis (328-360) dros

qarTul enaze gadmoiTargmna wmida werili ebraulidan. iobi iyo episkoposad

360-374 wlebSi, meoTxe mTavarepiskoposis elias (375-394) dros mirdat mefemaaSena bolnisis taZari, romelSic wirva-locva gauqmda rusebis mmarTvelobis

dros, 1809 wels. simeonis dros (395-411) Seipyres da baRdadSi awames sparselebma

mirdat mefe. ionas (412-415) dros daiSala mirianis mier aSenebuli xis taZari

sveticxovlisa. TviTon wmida sveti gadausvenebiaT gareubnis (samTavros) eklesiaSi.

karbelaSvilis azriT, glonoqori, igive mobidani anu mobidagea (432-448) -

mTavarepiskoposi, meTauri qarTuli eklesiisa. momdevnom, miqaelma (449-472) qvebiT

Caqola q. dvinSi krebaze antioqiis patriarqi, somexTa moZRvari petrozmkawvreli. aqedan Cans, rom petroz mkawvreli (petre fuloni) ar SeiZleboda

yofiliyo xeldamsxmeli petre kaTalikosisa, rogorc fiqrobs zogierTi Tanamed-

rove istorikosi. p. karbelaSvilis TqmiT, ierusalimSi iloca vaxtang gorgasalma.

rac Seexeba msoflio saeklesio krebebs, p. karbelaSvilis azriT, maTi mowvevissaWiroeba warmoSva iman, rom IV s-is dasawyisSi, saxelmwifos mier qristianobis

aRiarebis dros, jer kidev ar iyo romis imperiaSi `SemuSavebuli da gamorkveuli

saRmrTo msaxurebaTa aRsrulebis rigi, ar iyo dakanonebuli saqristiano doRmatni

da kanonmdebloba eklesiaTa gamgeblobisaTvis. eklesiis gamgeni xSirad Taviseburad

asrulebdnen eklesiur samsaxursa. Taviseburad esmodaT da xsnidnen saqristiano

doRmatTa. amis gamo mcire aziaSi male iCina Tavi sxvadasxva mwvaleblobam. amitomsaWiro Seiqmna msoflio krebaTa mowveva `ganmarTvad saqristiano da saeklesio

wesTa~.85 `sul 7 msoflio kreba moxda: 1) nikiisa 325 w; 2) konstantinopolisa

381 w; 3) efesoSi 431 w; 4) xalkidonisa 451 w; 5) konstantinopolisa II 553 w;

6) konstantinopolisa III 680 w. da 7) nikiisa II, 787 w.86 aRsaniSnavia, rom p.

karbelaSvili V s-is qarTvel petre ibers, maiumels wmidanad moixseniebs. mohyavs

84 Gkfnjy Bjctkbfyb$ :bpytjgbcfybt cdzns[&&& 1850^ c& 7-8$ 85 p. karbelaSvili, ierarqia saqarTveloseklesiisa, Tb., 1900, gv. 24 ; 86 iqve, gv. 25.


sabuTi, romliTac, misi azriT, mtkicdeba, rom mefe mirianis dros qarTul enaze

ìswavleboda da imoZRvreboda qarTveli eri da mTavarepiskoposni da mRvdelni

kapadukielni iyvnen qarTuli enis kargi mcodneni~.87 amitom petre qarTvelis mier

ierusalimSi daarsebuli qarTuli monastrebi `savseni ber-monazvnebiT~ qarTul enaze

aRasrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas. isini modiodnen `samSobloSi da Tan mohqondaT

qristianobis da erovnuli grZnobis ganmamtkicebeli swavla-moZRvreba da saeklesio

wignni da arigebdnen eklesiebSi, sadac saWiro iyo~.88

saqarTveloSi saeklesio samarTlis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili gamoTqvams Semdeg

mosazrebas: `kaTalikozs mieca taxtad sveticxovlis taZari, iwodeboda kaTa-

likozad mcxeTisa da iveriisa TiTqmis 1400 wlis ganmavlobaSi... kaTalikoz-

patriarqi mcxeTidan Tavisuflad ganagebda saqarTvelos saeklesio saqmeebsa da

angariSs aravis aZlevda. kaTalikozis xelqveiTTa-morCilTa Seqmnes samefo samefo-

Si, rogorc Cans, Zvel sigel-gujrebidan da vaxtang VI_is samarTlis wignidan,

im saxiTve, rogorc feodalebma dasavleT evropaSi. kaTalikozi iTvleboda sulier

mefed qveynisa. mefe da kaTalikozi erTnairi pativiTa da uflebiT sargeblobdnen.

Seuracxyofa kaTalikozisa udrida mefis Seuracxyofas. misi Semdegi ierarqiis

sasulierno wevrni gaTanasworebulni iyvnen saero ierarqiis wevrebTan~.89

p. karbelaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, qveynis maRali fenis sagvareuloebi cdilobd-

nen TavianT ojaxs da sagvareulos gamoezarda Tavisi wiaRidan erTi sasuliero

piri mainc: `kaTalikozni, mRvdelmTavarni da sxvani sasuliero warCinebulni

pirni STamomavlobiT ufro xSirad samefo da didebulTa gvarisani iyvnen da

igini pataraobidanve Sesaferis aRzrdasa da ganaTlebas iRebdnen xolme. yoveli

SeZlebuli sagvareulo cdaSi iyo, rom Tavisi saxlidan erTi mwirvel-mlocveli

da RvTis mavedrebeli hyoloda saydarSi. amitom, TiToeuli sagvareulo sakuTar

saydars iSenebda da swiravda SeZlebasa da gvarad uZrav-moZrav qonebasa, romlis

SemosavliTac uzrunvel-yofiliyvnen saydari da `saydris Svilni~ (samRvdeloni)

momavalSi~. amis gamo èklesia samRvdeloebianad Seiqmna didi mamul-dedulis da

mTabaris patroni~. 1498-1559 ww-is saeklesio gujrebSi eklesias ekuTvnoda 237

sofeli glexebiT da aznaurebiT. kaTalikosis dawesebuli mouravebi krebdnen

saeklesio gadasaxads (maxta, kuluxi) - fuliT da mosavliT. p. karbelaSvili

miiCnevs, rom samefo gadasaxads isini aRar ixdidnen.90 `samefo gadasaxadis

samagierod~, kaTalikozs ekuTvnoda samefoSi arsebuli zogierTi sabaJo, samRebro

da saTevzao adgilebi mtkvarze, alazanze, xramsa da sxva mdinareebze.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa p. karbelaSvilis mosazreba, rom saeklesio soflebSi

rogorc sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo samarTlis sferos ganagebda ara saero

xelisufleba, aramed saeklesio. sasuliero wodebis samarTlis gavlenis sferoSi

Sedioda ara mxolod saeklesio soflebi, aramed qveynis danarCeni mosaxleobac -

`saeklesio soflebSi samarTali da msjavri, samoqalaqo da sasisxlo saqmeebi

irCeodnen kaTalikozisagan, anu misis davalebiT romelime sasuliero pirisagan.

danarCeni samefo da warCinebulTa saymonic ver icilebdnen Tavidan sasuliero

wodebis samarTalsa da gavlenasa~.91

saqarTvelos eklesiis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers - ̀ samRvde-

loebam Sehqmna sakuTari kanonmdebloba, SemuSavebuli mRvdel-mTavarTa krebaTa

mier erovnul niadagzed~.91

87 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 27; 88 iqve, gv. 28; 89 iqve, gv. 29; 90 iqve, gv. 30; 91 iqve, gv. 31.


p. karbelaSvili, iseve rogorc Semdeg iv. javaxiSvili, saqarTvelos eklesiis

iurisdiqciis saxes adarebs dasavleT evropisas, igi wers - `gaZlierda dagavrcelda saero xasiaTi sasuliero wodebisa, amis ganmarteba unda veZeboT xalxis

gadaWarbebul sarwmunoebriv midrekilebaSi, rogorc erTxel dasavleT evropaSi iyo~.91

e.i. p. karbelaSvilis azriT, saqarTvelos sasuliero wodebas hqonda agreTve saero,saqveyno mmarTvelobaze xelmwifeba, aseve iyo dasavleT evropaSi, ufro metad pirvel

aTaswleulSi. am msgavsebis mizezad mkvlevars miaCnia qarTvelTa didi sarwmunoebrivisimxurvale, msgavsad aRniSnul dros dasavleT evropisa. igi aRniSnavs, rom ̀ saeklesio

glexni Tavisufalni iyvnen yoveli saero gadasaxadisagan~.91 sisxlis Tu samoqalaqodanaSaulis dros maRali wodebis pirs danaSauli epatieboda `jarimis gadaxdisSemdeg sasargeblod eklesiisa~,92 ber-monazonTa Sesaxeb wers - ìgini muqTaT ara

sWamdnen sxvis ofliT moyvanil pursa. dRedaRam swerdnen, sTargmnidnen saWirowignebsa, mxatvrobiT amkobdnen wignebsa, eklesiebsa, amSvenebdnen taZrebsa... ebrZodnen

mters samSoblos da sarwmunoebis dasacavad~.93

saeklesio jaris Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers - ̀ kaTalikozsa hyavda sakuTarimxedroba imave wesrigiT rogorc mefesa. spasalarebs, aTasis Tavs, asis Tavs da

sxva moxeleT TviT kaTalikozi niSnavda. omSi an TviT kaTalikozi da episkoposniwinamZRvrobdnen, an spasalarni, rogorc dro da garemoeba moiTxovda. calke

jarebs agrovebdnen, roca saWiro iyo episkoposni da monasterTa winamZRvarni dabrZolis velze gahyavdaT da maTTan erTad Rvridnen sisxlsa~.94

mkvlevaris azriT, kaTalikozi petre I (472-510 w.) warmoSobiT iyo

kapadokieli qarTveli, grigol nazianzelis mowafe, iyo qalkedonizmis erTgulidamcveli, ebrZoda monofizit somxebs. daeswro 490-493 wlebis vaRarSapadiskrebas. mohyavs ̀ qarTlis moqcevis~ cnoba, rom VI s-is 50-ian wlebSi sakaTalikoso

taxtze ori `saxlis~, anu sagvareulos wevrebi cvlidnen erTmaneTs. p.karbelaSvili erT-erT SeniSvnaSi aRniSnavs, rom XVII s-is damdegs arsebobda

qarTuli mxedruli asoebiT dawerili sparsulenovani saxareba, romelic saqarTve-los samefo ojaxs ekuTvnoda.95 amave epoqaSi, XVII-XVIII ss-Si qarTuli asoebiT

werdnen somxurenovan saxarebebs, agreTve iwereboda Turqulenovani saxarebebicqarTuli asoebiT. mizezi amisa, rogorc Cven mier aris gamorkveuli, iyo is, romam epoqaSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis daSlisa da gauqmebis kvaldakval,

mimdinareobda qarTvelTa denacionalizacia sxvadasxva sarwmuneobriv konfesiaSigadasvlis gziT, anu Turqebsa da sparselebs miuCneviaT, rom sakmaod mravalricx-

ovani qarTuli mosaxleoba mesxeTsa da qarTl-kaxeTSi, TandaTanobiT, etapobrivadSeeyvanaT Turqulenovan da sparsulenovan wiaRSi. isini Tavdapirvelad, qarTvelebsar uginebdnen qristianul siwmideebs, magram eklesiebSi wmida saxarebas asmeninebd-

nen Turqul da sparsul enebze. qarTvelebi amiT eCveodnen sparsul da Turqulenebs. aRar aSinebdaT es samyaro, eTvisebodnen mas, rac sabolood maT asimilacias

aadvilebda. amave mizniT, sparsTa da osmalTa mier waxalisebuli somxurenovanieklesia Tavis samwysoSi ierTebda mravalricxovan qarTvelobas saqarTveloSive.

qarTvelebisaTvis eklesiebSi somxurad ikiTxeboda qarTuli asoebiT naweri wmidasaxareba. qarTuli asoebiT sparsuli, Turquli da somxuri saxarebani iwerebodaimis gamo, rom rogorc mrevli, ise samRvdeloeba, qarTvelebi iyvnen. cxadia,

eklesiebSi sparseli da osmalo moxeleebi ar waikiTxavdnen saxarebas. saxarebasrogorc Turqul, ise sparsul da somxur enebzec, eTnikurad qarTveli

RvTismsaxurebi kiTxulobdnen, da radganac maT wera-kiTxva icodnen mxolod

92 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 32; 93 iqve, gv. 27; 94 iqve, gv. 33; 95 iqve, gv. 37.


qarTulad, amitom maTTvis qarTuli asoebiT iwereboda sparsulenovani, Turqule-novani da somxurenovani locvebi da saxarebani, anu rogorc mrevli, isesasuliero wodeba, qarTuli iyo, ganwirulni sarwmunoebrivi gziTac kiasimilaciisaTvis. mxolod qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesia icavda im drosqarTul nacionalur TviTSemecnebas, maSasadame, qarTvelobas.

zogierT wreSi, amJamad, gakvirvebiT aRniSnaven, rom anton I kaTalikoz-patriarqis taxtze asvlis dros iyo mxolod 25 wlisa. es asaki gamonaklisi araris. p. karbelaSvilis mier dadgenilia, rom amave asakisa, 25 wlisa iyo cnobilikirion I (572-598) sakaTalikozo taxtze asvlis dros.96 aseve 26 wlisa iyobolo patriarqi anton II aRsaydrebis dros,97 ufro axalgazrda 24 wlisa iyokaTalikoz-patriarqi daviT III (1427-1430)98 da sxv.

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebTan dakavSirebiT p. karbelaSvili aRniSnavsSemdegs - misi azriT, dvinis cnobili saeklesio kreba somxeTSi, romelzecSeikribnen qarTveli, albaneli da somexi ierarqebi, Sedga 596 wels. kirionmasomxebs gaugzavna msoflio saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani, àmaT Tanaxmadimwyseba saqarTvelos eklesiao~.96 misi azriT, somxebma mogvianebiT mainc aRiaresqalkedonis kreba,96 albaT gulisxmobs VII saukunes.

qarTlis kaTalikosi barTlome (613-620 ww.), romelic p. karbelaSvilissityviT SesaZloa gadaayena herakle keisarma, RirsebiT miuRia Sio mRvimis `ZmaTakrebas~. aq sityva `krebas~ ara Sekrebis, aramed `saZmos~ mniSvnelobiT xmarobsmkvlevari. namdvili èpiskoposTa kreba~ Sekrebila, mkvlevaris TqmiT, kaTalikossarmeanes (760-774 ww.) dros, romelsac iakobituri moZRvreba daugmia daiakobitTa mier kaTalikosisaTvis mirTmeuli ZRveni uaruyvia. ̀ am dros mRvdelmTavarTakrebam episkopos filipes xeliT warmouvlina sarmeanes Semdegi werili: `didsamamamTavarsa, meufesa Cvensa sarmeanes, gixaroden, Svilni Senni da siwmidisa Senisamrwemni, yovelni episkoposni gauwyebT, raTa arRa daaSrobde moxucebulsa gvamsaSensa, rameTu mowyale hyves RmerTi didebulisa mamisa wmidisa Siosa meoxebiT...TviToeulsa gvibrZana `miuteva RmerTman sarmeanes kaTalikozsa bralni misni daaw Seuorguleblad miiyvaneT mwyemsi Tqveni~.99 saqme is iyo, rom kaTalikosmaSecdomiT iakobitebi aziara. roca Tavis Secdomas mixvda, Sio mRvimis monasterSiufals cremlebiT Sendobas sTxovda, e.i. sakaTalikoso taxti datova. amitomackrebam zegardmo Cvenebis gamo igi ukanve miiwvia taxtze.

p. karbelaSvili eyrdnoba matianeTa Cvenebas da miiCnevs, rom VII s-Sistefanozis mTavrobis dros dawesda episkoposTa kreba kaTalikozis moTaveobiT,jvarpatiosanSi xuTSabaTsa da paraskevs: ̀ adidian paraskevi viTarca didi paraskevi,xolo sakaTalikozo arn kreba yovelTa xuTSabaTTa da adidian wmidaY sioni,viTarca didsa xuTSabaTsa, saidumloTa Tana xorciTa da sisxliTa, xolo mcxeTassaepiskopozosa (samTavro) arn krebaY yovelTa SabaTTa da xseneba pirvel mowamisastefanesi da wmidisa abibos nekreselisa episkopozisa~.100 Semdegi kreba, romelsacixseniebs p. karbelaSvili, aris ruis-urbnisisa, romelic Semdgara ioane IVsafarelis (1090-1127) dros. Tamaris dros ki, nikoloz I-is kaTalikosobis Semdeg,miqael III-is kaTalikosobisas (1160-1187 ww.) mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba. p.karbelaSvilis azriT, 1186 wels. igi mowveuli yofila `ganmarTvad saeklesio daqristianebrivTa wesTa~. am krebaze Tavmjdomareobda zemoT aRniSnuli yofilikaTalikosi nikolozi, romelic Tamars ierusalimidan mouyvania. `Semokrbes

96 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 38; 97 iqve , gv. 188; 98 iqve, gv. 91; 99 saqarTvelos samoTxe, gv.262-264; 100 qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 169-170.


yovliT kerZo samefosa misisa episkoposni... miegebeboda maT wmida Tamar didiTa

simdabliTa, viTarca erTi kaci Seuracxi, da ara viTarca mefe, viTar angelozTada ara kacTa... dasxna saydrebiTa (maRali dasajdomeli - kaTedra), xolo TviTdajda Soris maTsa martod da ara mefobiT... jda ukve Tamar mcired Jam SorismaTsa, mere moiRo kurTxeva maTgan da warvida palatad Tvisad... xolo ara inebamaSindelman man miqael kaTalikozman Soris maTsa (krebisa) yofa, rameTu wina

ukmo iyo wesTagan saeklesioTa da Wyondidel-mawyverloba da mwignobarTauxucesobaca mas (miqaels) moexveWa uflisagan - aramed ver ganayenes, daRacaTufriad iRvawes~... krebis Semdeg miqaeli male gardaicvala.101

Semdegi kreba, p. karbelaSvilis aRweriT, Semdgara laSa-giorgis dros, kaTalikosiarseni (1213-1234) `krebiT amxilebda laSa-giorgis ugvansa cxovrebasa da garyvnile-baSi dros gatarebasa, vera gziT ver daiTanxmes laSa kanonikurad eqorwina~.102

p. karbelaSvili axsenebs saeklesio krebas, romelic Semdgara giorgi V-is

mefobisas, basilis kaTalikozobis dros, 1344 wels. `hqmna mefe giorgi V krebagansamtkiceblad qristianobisa `ganaxlebisaTvis saeklesio wesTa, ganmarTvad dadadgenad moweseTa wesTa zeda TvisTa da uwesoTa gankveTad~.103

p. karbelaSvils moaqvs mTlianad teqsti im krebisa, romelic, iv. javaxiSviliskvleviT, Semdgara daviT laSas Zis mefobisas da romlis dadgenilebis Savi piriSemdgom, 1925 wels gozaliSvils centrarqivSi aRmouCenia. masze adre es teqsti

gamoaqveyna p. karbelaSvilma, magram mas miaCnda, rom misi gamomcemeli kreba SedgaXV s-Si. kreba exeba saeklesio mamulebis gacemas mefis xelisuflebis mier.XV s-Sive, abraam II-is kaTalikozobisas, mefed meored kurTxevisas (1492-1495wlebSi) mefe konstantinem `moaxdina kreba kaTalikoz-ebiskoposTa da samefodidebulTa da warCinebulTagan `raY yofad damSvidebisaTvis mTavarTa da

ganmtkicebisaTvis erTmTavrobisa~. krebam daadgina: `vinaidgan imerni erTgulobenbagrats, her-kaxni giorgis da samcxelni aTabags baadurs - vacadoT brZolad.dro-Jami uked ganagebs mefobaso~.104

Semdegi kreba melqisedek II (imave basilis) kaTalikosobis dros (1517-1529wlebi) Semdgara, igi yofila Zma bagrat mefe muxranbatonisa. am mefis iZulebiTkaTalikoss saeklesio mamulebi gaucia, kerZod ki miucia ufliswulebisaTvis, anu

Tavisi ZmisSvilebisaTvis, ris gamoc igi kaTalikosobidan gadauyenebiaT. amis gamop. karbelaSvili wers - `samRvdeloTa krebam kaTalikosi basili (melqisedeki)sxvaTa Soris mcxeTis mamulebis gacemis gulisTvis gansdevna armazis monasterSida kaTalikosobidan daamxo: `q. kaTalikozma patronma basili ZmiswulTaTvis

daiWira kunenelTa sami kuamli kaci da sxva srulad patrons bagrats misca damisaqcieli, Tekena da werovnis naxevari. kopinasSvilebi daasaxla da daukargamcxeTas. asre rome ... ragvarac TviTan moekida mcxeTas dasaqcevrad, aRarca sxvaTagamoenaxva. miyves xeli Sinaurma da gareulma mcxeTis mamulsa sasyidrad, da asredaikarga, rome rac sofeli aris zogan naxevari, zogan mesamedi aklia - daikarga

mcxeTisTvis... mcxeTis damqcevni arian. rogorc es yuela mcxeTis daqceva daSecodeba gamoaCnda, mefeman saekudro waarTva da gaagdo da amisave brZanebiTa Cvenmartaci wavarTviT da issav memkvidresa miuboZeT~. kaTalikosoba CamoerTva 1527-1529 wlebs Sua da mis magier kaTalikozad dadginda germane~.105 aqedan Cans, rommefea meTauri eklesiisa.

101 p. karbelaSvili, ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, Tb ., 1900, gv. 72; 102 iqve, gv. 74. 103 vaxuSti,ist. 279, q .c. 449 da qronikebi Jordaniasi, gv. 176 da 186; 104 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv.98; 105 iqve, gv. 104.


106 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 126; 107 iqve , gv. 127; 108 iqve, gv. 129, wyarod miuTiTebs -Vw[tncr& frns^ gv . 238; 109 iqve , gv. 130; 110 iqve , gv. 123; 111 iqve . gv. 133; 112 iqve , gv. 134; 113 iqve,gv. 135; 114 iqve, gv. 138.

1531-1549 wlebSi qarTlis kaTalikosis malaqias dros Sedga saeklesio kreba,

romelic malaqiasTan erTad moiwvia afxazeTis kaTalikosma evdemosma. maT

Seadgines da saxelmZRvanelod gamosces sakaTalikozo kanonebi.

kaTalikoz domenti qaixosros Ze muxranbatons 1663 wels dausaflavebia

astarabadidan Camosvenebuli gvami Teimuraz I-isa `didis samRvdelo krebiT~.106 aq

`kreba~ niSnavs krebuls, iseve rogorc nikoloz kaTalikosis sigelSi, XVII s-is

bolos. èse nikolozi Tavis krebiT swers 1676 wlis 6 Tebervals moskovis mefes

Teodore aleqsis Zes gramotas - Semweoba gagviwie winaSe sparseTis yeenisao~.107

p. karbelaSvilis wignidan Cans, rom sparseTis mier dapyrobil aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi, romelic ukve sparseTis imperiis nawilad miiCneoda iranelTa mier

XVI s-is bolodan, qarTlis kaTalikosis dadgenaSi saWiro gamxdara nebarTva

iranis Sahisa. ̀ 1687 wels Sah-solimani swers firmanSi ioane kaTalikozs `radgan

Tqveni wina moadgile (nikolozi) ar daemorCila nazarali xans, igi ganvkveTeT

da Tqven ioane dagadgineTo~.108 am kaTalikoz ioanes, mefe erekle I-is TanxmobiT,

mouwvevia mRvdelmTavarTa kreba 1680 wlis 12 marts, romelic Seexeboda daviT

garejas samonastro cxovrebis aRdgenas Sah-abasis mier aoxrebis Semdeg. rac man

1615 wels aRdgomas diliT daviT garejaSi 6 000 ber-monazoni gaJlita, garejas

udabno mere veRar aRorZinebula, Tumca Semdegi mefeebi cdilan gansakuTrebiT

`Sanaozis Ze, mefed dadginebuli arCili~. krebam ganawesa erTi winamZRvari ̀ mama~,

romelsac unda damorCileboda daviT-garejas yvela beri. yovelgvari Semosaval-

Sesawiri berebs am mamisTvis unda CaebarebinaT. krebam sastiki sasjeli daado am

krebis damrRvevs. 1680 wlis krebas xeli moawera: bodbelma, rusTvelma,

alaverdelma, samebelma, ninowmidelma, tfilelma mTavarepiskoposma domentim da

mTavarepiskoposma qristeforem.109

1703 wels Semdgarma `samRvdeloTa krebam~ sakaTalikozo taxtze aiyvana

ruseTidan axlad mosuli domenti, romelic kaTalikozad akurTxes 1705 wels.

krebas uari uTqvams kaTalikozobis ori kandidatisTvis. yofili kaTalikosis

evdemos II-sa da aseve yofili kaTalikozis nikolozisTvis.110

kaxeTSi saeklesio mamulebs dauwyes dataceba da ciloba. amis gamo, 1707 wels,

`domenti wavida yeenTan saCivlelad da misi wyalobis firmaniT kaxeTSi Cavida

imam yuli xanTan. gaariga saqme da mivida mcxeTaSi~.111 iranis Sahebis didi

gavlenis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers: ìese aRiZra SuriT da vaxtangi daabezRa

yeenTan - `TaTrobis mteriao, miwaze daaxeTqa yurani da mere cecxlSi dawvao~.

yeenma gamomZiebeli gamogzavna. svimon batoniSvilic ieses miemxro, vaxtangs ar

Ralatobda mxolod samRvdeloeba... domentim da TiTo-orola samRvdeloT

uneblieT umowmes vaxtangis winaaRmdeg~.112 1713 wels iese gamefda, `svimonma

Seipyro domenti kaTalikozi da baqars gaugzavna Tvalebis dasaTxrelad ̀ sparseTSi

myofs vaxtangs rad emxrobio~, magram dedofalma rusudanma (vaxtang VI-is

meuRle) ar uyo. domentim krebisaTana daswyevla svimoni, gaCnda saSineli

Wirianoba da svimons col-Svili erTianad amouwyda~.113

kaTalikosis sikvdilis win `Tamarma moaxdina samRvdeloTa kreba da domentis

CvenebiT aRirCies kaTalikozad ieses Ze antoni, im dros quTaTeli, antonma uari sTqva~.114


qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebSi yeenis garda ereoda, agreTve, osmalos faSa,

Tbilisis dapyrobis Semdeg. 1727 wels ieses daxmarebiT besarion orbelians

miumxria isay-faSa, `Seapara qrTami da miiRo kaTalikozoba, 1728 w.~.115

1755 wlis 16 dekembers samRvdeloTa krebam mcxeTaSi antons àxada kaTaliko-

zobis xarisxi da mRvdelmoqmedeba aukrZala, xolo misi Tanamoazreni da megobarnidasajes, am krebazed antonma aRiara Tavisi Secodeba, xolo Semdeg krebazed, 4

aprils 1756 w. Seinana Tvisi danaSauli da gamoutyda krebas yvelaferSi.gamosTxova Teimuraz mefes nebarTva mRvdel-moqmedebisa da ruseTSi wasvlisa~.116

1720 wlis 17 oqtombers dabadebuli antoni 18 wlis asakSi berad aRikvecagelaTSi, 2 Tebervals. 3 Tebervals, SabaTs, diakvnad akurTxa eqvTime gaenaTelma

mitropolitma. 20 wlisas xeli daasxa mitropolitad afxazeTis kaTalikosma

grigolma quTaisis taZarSi - 27 seqtembers, SabaT dRes. 22 wlisa naTlismcemlismonasterSi Sevida mowesed, 1743 wlis 5 ianvars kaTedris datovebis Semdeg.117

qarTlis yofil samefoSi, vaxtang VI-is da antonis mamis ieses kraxis Semdeg, givi

amilaxvari uZlieres didebulad gadaiqca. masTan antonis damoyvrebis cnobilimarcxis Semdeg antonis berad Sedgoma 1720 w. p. karbelaSvils miaCnia kaxeTis

samefo dinastebis, Teimuraz I-isa da erekle II-is politikur moxerxebad. maT gzagaexsnaT qarTlis taxtisaken, romelzedac pretenzias acxadebda Teimurazis meuRle

dedofali Tamari, vaxtang VI-is qali. givi amilaxvari `sikvdilamde ebrZoda

sparsebs da qarTlis samefos ar anebebda Teimurazsa da erekles, jer vaxtangisSvilebs iwvevda qarTlSi gasamefeblad da mere abdula-begi, igive arCili

wamoayena qarTlis memkvidred~.118 abdula-begi antonis Zma iyo. sakaTalikozo

taxtze Teimurazis mier antonis mowveva politikuri angariSianobiT iyoganpirobebuli. qarTlis taxtis memkvidris antonis sakaTalikoso taxtze asvliT

samefo taxtze misi pretenziebi unda ganeitralebuliyo, magram anton kaTali-

kosma `saqarTvelos Sinaur cxovrebaSi gacilebiT meti gavlena moipova, vidreerekle mefem~.119 qonebrivadac antoni ufro mdidari iyo, vidre mefe Teimurazi,

amis gamo antoni mefes `Semweobas aZlevda saeklesio qonebidan gaWirvebis dros~.

p. karbelaSvili, Sesabamis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT mkveTrad acxadebs, rom

àntoni mainc yovel SemTxveviT sargeblobda qarTlis taxti CamorTmeodaTeimurazs~.120 1747 wels antonis Zmam abdula-begma ganizraxa qarTlis taxtis

daWera ajanyebiT. TbilisisaTvis aTi Tve sisxlis Rvra iyo, ànton kaTalikozma

mxari dauWira abdula-begs (Tavis Zmas) da dauloca amisTana safaTerakoganzraxva. bolos TviTonve Seariga gamarjvebul erekles~, am dros Teimuraz mefe

sparseTSi iyo... Teimurazis gamarjvebis da ganmtkicebis Semdeg qarTlis taxtze,

antoni krebam `daamxo, gandevna da wirvisagan daayena~. antoni daapatimres, igiwerilSi madlobs Teimurazs, `rom ar mokla~.121

marTalia, antoni TbilisSi aRiarebda, rom `Sevcdi am ors sityvaze: sulisawmidis saqmezed da papis ufrosobazed~, magram peterburgSi CasvlisTanave igi

kategoriulad uaryofda am braldebas, uwodebda ciliswamebas, amtkicebda Tavissrul marTlmadideblobasa da agreTve imas, rom mefe Teimurazma igi sakaTali-

koso taxtidan Camoagdo politikuri mizezebis gamo, radganac `qarTlis samefo

taxtis kanonieri memkvidre me var, xolo Teimuraz I ara qarTlis, aramed kaxeTismefeao~. ruseTis wmida sinodi mravali Semowmebis Semdeg darwmunda antonis

115 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 139 ; 116 iqve , gv. 153; 117 iqve , gv. 144; 118 iqve, gv. 145; 119 iqve,gv. 146; 120 iqve, gv. 152; 121 iqve, gv. 156.


srul marTlmadideblobaSi da aiyvana ruseTis eklesiisaTvis erT-erT umaRles

samRvdelo kaTedraze - vladimirisa da ieropolis eparqiaSi mTavarepiskoposistituliT. mogvianebiT ruseTis wmida sinodis wevradac ki daniSna. antoniruseTSi darCa 1763 wlamde.

antonis nacvlad qarTlis kaTalikosis saydarze asuli iosebis (1755-1763)dros erekle mefem saeklesio kreba moiwvia, mis dadgenilebas aqvs 11 muxli. esaamimarTva episkoposTa da samRvdeloTa mimarT saeklesio saqristiano wesrigis

moTxovniT. krebis oqms xels awers, pirvel rigSi, erekle mefe, Semdeg kikaTalikos-patriarqi iosebi. krebis oqmidan Cans, rom kaxeTis samRvdeloebascentraluri samefo da saeklesio xelisufleba sifrTxiliT epyroba, radganac CansgaRvivebulia is Wiri, romelmac aTabagebis dros mesxeTis eklesiis separatistuligandgoma gamoiwvia. oqmSi amitomac naTqvamia: - èrekle mefisagan da yovlisa

saqarTvelosa kaTalikoz-patriarqisa iosebisagan esreT siyvaruliT euwyos misssiwmides yovlad samRvdelos arqiepiskopos amba alaverdels zenons, wmidasa dayovlad samRvdelos nekresel episkoposs dosiTeoss da wmidasa da yovladsamRvdelos samebel episkoposs ioanes.122

1755-56 wlebTan dakavSirebiT p. karbelaSvili wers, rom àntoni da misiTanaziarni (magaliTad, anCisxatis dekanozi aleqsi) krebis ganCinebisamebr gakriWes

(Tma da wveri)~.123 antoni werda vladimiridan aleqsi dekanozs, ̀ maT egonaT CvenimRvdlobis Zala TmebSia~.124 antoni 11 Tve patimari yofila, mxolod 1756 w.aprilSi gamgzavrebula ruseTSi _ moskovSi 1757 wlis ianvarSi, peterburgSi kimartSi Casula. rogorc aRiniSna, igi ruseTis erT-erT umTavres kaTedrazeaiyvanes mRvdelmTavrad, miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi mwvaleblobad CaTvales da

dawves antonis Txzuleba `miwyales Targmaneba~. `vinc antonis megobari darCnensaqarTveloSi, ioseb kaTalikozma dausjeli aravin gauSva~.124 udanaSaulod, anton-Tan megobrobis gamo dasaja, adgilidan gadaayena da mRvdelmoqmedeba aukrZalaanCisxatis saxelovan dekanozs aleqsis, romelsac antoni swerda: `Tavisi sakuTari

saxeliT mosulebma, Cven uflis saxeliT mosulebi gangvdevnes, maT mier daTxeuliSeni sisxli uflis winaSe adioda abelis sisxlis msgavsad... Sen Tavs upativcemu-lod moepyrnen avazakebi, romelTa bunebrivi saqme iyo sxvisi qonebis mtacebloba,sxvisi saxlis Tavis saxlTan mierTeba da sxvisi mamulis Tavis mamulTan mierTeba~(`SemrTavi saxlTa saxlisa mimarT da agarakTa agarakisa mimarT~).124

p. karbelaSvilis azriT, anCisxatis saxelovani dekanozi aleqsi mxolod

antonisadmi siyvarulis gamo cildawamebuli kaTolikur mwvaleblobaSi, yovelmxrivSeuracxyofili sami dRe atares Tbilisis moednebsa da quCebSi, imave mizeziT kicemiT mokles antonis deida xvaraSani - mefe erekle I-is asuli. igi`cilwamebuli ZaRlTa da mxecTa misagdeblad daisaja~.125 antoni ruseTSi mTeliTavisi yofnis manZilze, ara mxolod ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis, aramed yoveli

kacis winaSe mudam ambobda, rom mas udanaSaulod cili daswames da arasodesigi kaTolikur mwvaleblobas mikedlebuli ar yofila. antonis am udanaSaulodasjas saqarTveloSic Sinagani daZabuloba da mRelvareba mohyolia, amitomac igiwerda: - `maT egonaT, rom Cemi sakaTalikoso taxtidan CamogdebiT saqarTveloSimSvidoba damyardeboda, magram ar dacxra RvTis risxvis berva da mRelvarebis

qari~. amis gamo erekle II-s mamamisTan, mefe TeimurazTan didi usiamovneba hqondada dReniadag ayvedrida antonis gaZevebas. gaigo Tu ara ereklem ruseTSi myofi

122 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 159; 123 iqve, gv. 161, SeniSvna 1; 124 iqve , gv. 161; 124 iqve, gv.161; 125 iqve, gv. 164.


mamis, Teimurazis sikvdilis ambavi, maSinve kaci afrina antonTan ruseTSi da

saqarTveloSi moiwvia sakaTalikoso taxtze kvlav asasvlelad. antons samgzavrodruseTis sinodma gamouyo Tanxa.

saqarTveloSi antonis CamosvlisTanave, erekle mefem da antonma 1764 wlis2-18 oqtombers moiwvies saeklesio kreba. krebas daeswrnen mefe erekle, antonkaTalikosi, mTavarepiskoposi kirile, episkoposi besarioni, tfileli qristefore,mroveli germane, ninowmideli saba, mangleli nikolozi, rusTveli iosebi (im dromde

kaTalikosi). krebam aRiara antonis mowinaaRmdegeTa cilismwamebloba, e.i. saeklesiokrebam kidev erTxel aRiara antonis sruli udanaSauloba, kaTolikur mwvaleblobaSimisi ubraloeba da amitomac sastikad dasaja is sasuliero pirebi, vinc antons cilidaswama~.126 pirvel rigSi ki is, romelmac SecdomaSi Seiyvana wina saeklesio kreba,mRvdeli zaqaria gabaSvili, mZvinvare mteri kaTalikosisa. mas CamoarTves mRvdloba

da ereklem qveynidanac ki gaaZeva. amiT saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobamsinanuli gamoTqva antonis umizezod dadanaSaulebisa da kaTalikosobidangadayenebis gamo, da ufro metic, sixaruliT daubruna mas pirvelmRvdelmTavristaxti. saqarTvelos eklesias ruseTis sinodis winaSe uCivla gankveTilma zaqariam,ruseTis sinodma upasuxa - `wadi da anton kaTalikoss Sendoba Txove~.127

antonma daaarsa sasuliero gamgeoba, anu `dikasteria~, imgvaradve, rogorc

ruseTSi iyo. antonis mier amoqmedebuli stamba, romelic ruseTSi misigadasaxlebis dros gauqmda, antonis dabrunebis Semdeg kvlav amoqmedda. aq antonibeWdavda rusulis mixedviT Sesworebul qarTul saeklesio wignebs àntoni didaTxels uwyobda saqarTvelos ruseTTan daaxloebas, 1769 w. pirvelad daibara mironiruseTidan~.128 1783 w. ivlisSi ruseTTan dadebuli traqtatis ZaliT antoni

aRiarebul iqna ruseTis sinodis wevrad. àm windauxedavma saqmem SearyiaTavisufleba saqarTvelos 1400-wlovani eklesiisa da nel-nela daumorCila sinods28 wlis ganmavlobaSi. anton kaTalikosi didi madlieri iyo ruseTisa. misi mxrivdidi Secdoma iyo, rom qarTuli saeklesio wignebi slavianurzed Seaswora, anu

TviT Seadgina zogierTi sagalobelni da ugulebel hyo Zveli, qarTvel mamaTaganSedgenili sakiTxav-sagalobelni: slavianur saeklesio wignebis Secdomani SemoitanaqarTulSi enis ucodinrobis gamo. ruseTidan mobrunebuli mudam cdaSi iyosaqarTvelo daeaxlovebina ruseTisaTvis~...129

p. karbelaSvilis mixedviT, ruseTis wmida sinodis mier saqarTvelos eklesiismarTva-gamgeobis xelSi aReba daiwyo anton kaTalikosis dros jer misi ruseTis

wm. sinodis wevrad SesvliT, ruseTidan mironis miRebiT, yovelive rusulisaeklesio wesrigis saqarTveloSi gadmonergviT da misken miswrafebiT. antonis am`did Secdomas~, rogorc is uwodebs, uZebnis Tavisebur axsnas. antons rogormeTavidan unda aecilebina zaqaria gabaSvilis, misi frTisa da maT ukan mdgomididi politikuri Zalis ciliswameba antonis aramarTlmadideblobis Sesaxeb.

antonma verafriT daarwmuna isini, rom igi erTguli iyo mamapapuri marTlma-dideblobisa. sabolood, gare TvalnaTeli magaliTebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaaruseTidan mironis miReba saqarTvelos eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis, ruseTis wmidasinodis wevroba, qarTuli saeklesio wignebis rusulis mixedviT ̀ gasworeba~, Tumcaamis saWiroeba, p. karbelaSvilis sityviT, ar arsebobda, aiZulebda mowinaaRmdegeebs

veRar gaebedaT antonis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvis Setana. amis Sedegad saqarTve-los eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba, misi gadaqceva rusuli saxelmwifosadministraciul-Cinovnikur erTeulad da qarTveli xalxis eklesiisadmi gulmxur-

126 iqve, gv. 166; 127 iqve, gv. 178; 128 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 185; 129 iqve, gv. 187.


valebis ganeleba mohyva, rac z. gabaSvilisa da misi aRmZvreli politikuri

Zalebis mizeziT moxda. es iyo maTi qmedebis saboloo Sedegi.

meliton kelenjeriZe Tavis `saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso eklesiis mokle

istoriaSi~130 mimoixilavs saeklesio samarTalsac. misi azriT, ̀ saqarTvelos eklesia

Tavisi organizaciiT Zalian mogvagonebs dasavleT evropis feodalizms SuasaukuneebSi. am mxriv yvelaze ufro sami movlena ipyrobs yuradRebas: a)

memkvidreobiTi principi; b) samoqalaqo samsaxuri da g) eklesiis samxedroorganizacia.131 misi azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi ̀ farTo demokratizmi iyo daculi~,

magram zogierTi Tanamdeboba memkvidreobiT gadadioda mamidan Svilze (mag.,

jvarTmtvirTveloba, mouravoba, xSirad `karis dekanozoba~, kandelakoba da sxv).

`sasuliero wodebas samoqalaqo da samxedro funqciebic epyra. magaliTad,

Tbileli aTanase ̀ naibadaa~ wodebuli, grigol wurwyabeli episkoposi erisTavicaae.i. olqis ufrosi. erisTavia saba mtbevaric... glonoqor mTavarepiskoposi

erisTavadac iyo `barzabod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs~. amaSi kidev ufro

gvarwmunebs Wyondidelis Tanamdeboba... WyondidelobaSi, rogorc fokusSi, Tav-moyrilia saeklesio, samoqalaqo da samxedro moxeleoba... vaxuStis azriT, `misi

xelisani iyvnen qvriv-obolni, Sewuxebulni da SeWirvebulni. es iuwyebda amaTTayovelsave mefesa. eseve iyo mwignobarTuxucesi. ese miscemda mefisagan brZanebasa

eklesia-monasterTa da laSqarTa mowvevad da maTTa samWirnoTa moxsenebad mefesa~.

erT sabuTSi Wyondideli ixsenieba rogorc `patroni~, `proto upertimosi~ da`vazirTa yovelTa upirvelesi~.

Wyondideli sasaxlis ministricaa, ganaTlebisac da samxedroc. Wyondidelipirveli kaci iyo mefisa da kaTalikosis Semdeg... Wyondideli sasaxleSi Sinauria,

rogorc sasaxlis ministri. es iqidan Cans, rom axal wels igi yvelaze adre

ulocavda mefes da yoveli krizisis dros mefe pirvelad Wyondidels ekiTxeboda.Wyondidels xmalic ertya da sardlobda~.132

m. kelenjeriZis TvalsazrisiT, èklesia Zlieri samxedro organizacia iyo dadid monawileobas iRebda samSoblos dacvis saqmeSi... omSi midiodnen kaTalikosic,

episkoposic da saeklesio ymebic. saba mtbevari episkoposi omSia laSqriT, malaqia

gurieli jiqeTSi gahyva mTavrebs saomrad, maqsime jumaTelma afxazebi daamarcxaerkeTSi, Wyondidels xmali ekida, Tumca `ridebiTa monazonebisaYTa ara ixada

xrmali~.133 mroveli episkoposi avaliSvili 1624 wlis marabdis brZolaSimonawileobda Tavisi droSiTa da laSqriT. brZolis win episkoposma miugo jars:

`dRes brZola aris sarwmunoebisa da qristes mcnebisa da ara mxolod Cem zeda,

amisTvis ara vyo, ukeTu uwinares Tqvensa ara davTxio sisxli Cemi maxvilisamRebman~, saspaspeto droSa hqonda bodbelsa da nekreselsac. yvelaze mniSvnelo-

vani samxedro roli rusTvels eniWeboda, episkoposebSi zogi mTavarsardlobda,

zogic mTavarsardlis droSis qveS idga. ase rom, zog episkoposs sxva episkoposebiTavis droSis qveS hyavda, rogorc generals - oficrebi. rusTveli mTavarsard-

lobda. mas saolqo droSa hqonda, igi qiziyis mouravis toli iyo, iseTive droSahqonda.133 m. kelenjeriZe ixilavs sul 5 saeklesio krebas (anCis, javaxeTis, ruis-

urbnisis (1103), XVI s. imereTis, goris (1755-1756).134

qarTuli samarTlis istoriis SeswavliT gansakuTrebiT iyo dainteresebuli

niko mari, `saxelmoxveWil akademikoss ganzraxuli hqonda moemzadebina

130 m. kelenjeriZe, saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso eklesiis mokle istoria, `saRmrTo sjuli~, Tb. 1993,gv. 257-423; 131 iqve , gv. 314; 132 iqve , gv. 317; 133 iqve , gv. 318; 134 iqve, gv. 319.


saTanado specialisti saeklesio samarTlis ganxriT~.135 niko mari monawileobasiRebda im saeklesio `winaswar sakrebulos~ sxdomaSi, 1906 wlis 1-eldekembers, romelsac xelewifeboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxebkompetenturi azris gamoTqma.

sxdomas eswrebodnen umaRlesi sasuliero pirebi, saeklesio istoriisa dasaeklesio samarTlis specialistebi arqiepiskopos nikandris TavmjdomareobiT. krebaseswreboda imereTis episkoposi leonide, mogilevis episkoposi stefane, sami rusidekanozi, profesorebi _ berdnikovi, briliantovi, a. cagareli, a. xaxanaSvili,i. popovi, sokolovi, ostroumovi, zaozerski, almazovi, butkeviCi, glubokovski,palmovi, Seini. niko marma waikiTxa moxseneba - `qarTuli eklesiis istoriisnarkvevi uZvelesi droidan~, romelic exeboda saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxebs,kerZod, aRniSnavda, rom qarTuli eklesiis ierarqia saukuneebis ganmavlobaSiyalibdeboda.136 `jer kidev V s-is iakob curtavelis TxzulebaSi ixsenieba `Taviigi episkoposTa - samoel, pirveli kaTalikosi... saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri,rogorc Cans, ukve VI s-Si ierarqiulad arsebiTad damoukidebeli iyo dakaTalikosis titulsac atarebda, xolo grigol xanZTelis xanaSi, IX s-Si, rogorcCans, patriarqis (mamamTavris) wodebas iferebda~.137 qarTveli da somexi pirveli-erarqebi èrTmaneTis kaTalikosobas saeWvod ar Tvlidnen~.138 n. mari gamoTqvamdaaraswor Sexedulebas, TiTqosda somxuri qalkedonituri saepiskoposoebi VIII s-ismcxeTis kaTalikoss daeqvemdebara da amis Sedegad aRmoCnda qarTuli eklesiisiurisdiqciaSi, aseTebad mas miaCnda ìSxnis, anCis, valaSqertis, banis, anisa dayarsis eparqiebi~,138 sinamdvileSi, samxreT saqarTvelos mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleobaSeqmnili politikuri viTarebis gamo, VIII-IX ss-mde imyofeboda somxuri eklesiisiurisdiqciiis qveS (VI s-dan), gaTavisuflebis Semdeg VIII-IX ss-Si daubrundaqarTuli dedaeklesiis wiaRs, xolo somxeTSi mcxovrebma qarTvelebma (magaliTad,anisSi da sxvagan) daaarses qarTuli saepiskoposoebi.139

n. maris azriT, bizantiaSi xatmebrZolobis epoqaSi èrT mxares idgnenumaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episkoposebi, romelnic imis momxreni iyvnen, romimperators Tvalyuri edevnebina eklesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi saqmianoba,xolo meore mxares idgnen berebi... isini im mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen, romsaero xelisufleba ar unda ereodes sasuliero wodebis saqmeSi. es mimarTulebadamarcxda bizantiaSi~.

saqarTveloSi, mesxeTSi ki piriqiT, n. maris azriT, gaimarjva meoremimarTulebam. aq, eklesiis meTaurebi `Zlier Zalad grZnobdnen Tavs da eklesiisdamoukideblobas saero xelisuflebisgan gaSmagebiT icavdnen~ (eyrdnoboda giorgimerCules Txzulebas). g. nadareiSvili amasTan dakavSirebiT wers - `samecnieroliteraturaSi aRniSnulia, rom `saqarTvelos istoriam icis iseTi xana, rocaqveynis ideur-politikur cxovrebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWebaT mesxeTisudabnoebis, anu monasterTa winamZRvrebsa da saqarTvelos amave mxaris episkoposebs,es aris IX saukune~.140 g. nadareiSvili ganagrZobs - `sasuliero pirTagansakuTrebiT maRali mdgomareoba Cans beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignisaTvisdarTul e.w. bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignidanac, romelsac a. kikviZeIX s-is Zeglad miiCnevs da arcTu usafuZvlod. aq Semonaxuli samarTlebrivinormebis mixedviT episkoposi `meore mefed~ aris miCneuli. Tumca, samarTliani

135 g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis sakiTxebi, 1989, gv. 13; 136 iqve, gv.14; 137 iqve, gv. 14. Wthrjdyst dtljvjcnb^ +3 ^ 1907 ^ c& 123^ 126$ 138 g. nadareiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv.15; 139 a. jafriZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996, t. 2, 1998; 140 a. kikviZe,vis ekuTvnis bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis saxeliT cnobili samarTali? ix. masalebi saqarTveloseTnografiisTvis, t. XVI-XVII, Tb., 1972, gv. 234.


141 g. n adareiSvili, dasax . naSr ., gv. 17; 142 Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 175;143 g. nadareiSvili dasax. naSr., gv. 17; 144 iqve, gv. 18; 145 iqve, gv. 19.

sababiT mefe episkoposs `xelTa~ ver Seipyrobs, àmisTvis rome meore mefeebiskopozi aris da qristianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ ($102). maSindel mesxeTSisasuliero pirebi, gansakuTrebiT, berebi, did Zalas warmoadgendnen. araiSviaTadisini Tavis damoukideblobas saero xelisuflebis winaSe warmatebiT usvamdnenxazs. giorgi merCules moTxrobili aqvs, Tu rogor SeZlo klarjeTis udabnoTaarqimandritma grigol xanZTelma guaram mamfalis survilis winaaRmdeg arseniskaTalikosad datoveba. beri saba iSxneli bagrat kurapalatis mier weriliTdabarebuli urCobas iCens da ar cxaddeba mis winaSe... da mxolod mas Semdeg,rac saba iSxneli grigol xanZTelis baraTTan erTad xelmwifis meore ustarsRebulobs, cxaddeba mis winaSe. sasuliero pirebi, araiSviaTad, saeklesioxelisuflebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebis winaSe upiratesobasac ki usvamdnen xazs.isini TiTqos Teoriuladac asabuTebdnen samRvdeloebis upiratesobas saeromTavrobasTan SedarebiT, magram saganTa logikis ZaliT iZulebulni iyvnen saeroxelisuflebasTan konfliqtebs moridebodnen~.141

n. maris azriT, bizantiis kanonmdebeli imperatoris, basili I-is (867-886)mowiwebiTi damokidebuleba saerTod qarTuli eklesiisadmi da, kerZod, wmidailarion qarTvelisadmi imiT yofila gamowveuli, rom basili I diofiziti somexiiyo, am xanebSi ki somexi marTlmadideblebi mcxeTis taxtis xelqveiTni iyvnen,141

sinamdvileSi ki basili imperatori qarTul eklesiasa da ilarion qarTvels pativsmiagebda maTi siwmidisa da qristes mcnebebis erTgulebis gamo, rogorc esmarTlmadidebel imperatorebs ekadrebodaT. man kargad icoda saqarTvelosmonastrebis wesisa da kanonis damdeb wmida ilarion qarTvelis sulieri Zliereba,madlmosileba. Tumca, isicaa SesaZlebeli, rom eTnikuri warmoSobiT imperatoribasili I qarTveli iyo da mas romelime wyaro grigol bakurianis Zis msgavsad`somexs~ uwodebda. miT umetes, rom imperatori basili I Tavis Svilebs qarTulenas aswavlida ilarion qarTvelis `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad.142 ilarion qarTvelismowafe qarTvel berebs imperatorma basilim ̀ mohgvara orni Zeni Tvisni leon daaleqsandre da hrqua: àswaveT amaT enaY da wigni Tqueni!~142 rogorc cnobilia,basilis Svili leon brZeni Semdgom foti patriarqma aRzarda.

n. maris mixedviT, `patriarqis wodeba qarTveli kaTalikosis titulaturaSimaSin Cndeba, rodesac misi iurisdiqcia gafarTovda da gavrcelda dasavleTsaqarTvelosa da didi somxeTis marTlmadideblur eparqiebze. somxuri marTlma-didebluri eparqiebi uSualod mcxeTis patriarqs emorCilebodnen. amave dros maTigansakuTrebuli interesebis damcvelad mcxeTis kaTalikosTan sapatio adgilze zisspecialuri sasuliero moxele mitropolitis wodebiT, romelic didi somxeTissulieri moTavea~.143 rac Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos, n. maris azriT, mTelisaqarTvelos gaerTianebis Semdeg mcxeTis kaTalikoss afxazeTis kaTalikosTanSedarebiT garkveuli upiratesoba eniWeboda. amasTan dakavSirebiT, n. mari miuTiTeb-da, rom is, rogorc es 1020 wlis cnobili dokumentidan Cans, `mama kaTalikosad~iwodeboda. sazeimo dReebSi mcxeTis kaTalikosis Semdeg meore sapatio adgiliWyondidels, xolo mesame didi somxeTis mitropolits ganekuTvneboda~.143

n. maris mixedviT, is, rom qarTul eklesias hyavda Tavisi kaTalikosi,maCvenebelia eklesiis avtokefalobisa.144 e.i. IX s-Si qarTuli eklesia avtoke-faluri iyo. ufro adre ki (gulisxmobs VII-VIII ss) bizantiuri saeklesiosamarTlis normebis Sesabamisad, kidev erTxel miiRo Tavisi damoukideblobisdadastureba antioqiisagan.145


n. maris mixedviT, qarTul eklesias IX s-mde ar hqonda mironis kurTxevis

ufleba. rogorc grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan Cans, es ufleba man moipova 842-

859 wlebSi, roca man Sewyvita ierusalimidan mironis Semotana (iqve, gv. 20),sinamdvileSi ki, rogorc es garkveulia Cven mier, qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi mironi

IV-V ss-danve ikurTxeboda. mogvianebiT daarsebul lazikis samitropolitos bazazeaRmocenebul afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi, konstantinopolSi xatmebrZoluri eresis

gavrcelebis gamo, mironis Semotana daiwyes ierusalimidan (konstantinopolis

nacvlad), IX s-dan ki efrem didi mawyverelis mecadineobiT saeklesio normebisgaTvaliswinebiT, ierusalimis sapatriarqos TanxmobiT, dawesda, rom afxazeTis (da

ara ̀ aRmosavleTis~) kaTalikosebs mironi ierusalimis nacvlad adgilzeve, qarTlSi

unda mieRoT, radganac àfxazeTic qarTlia~, saeklesio erTianobis gamo afx-azeTisTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva `qarTls ganewesa~ IX s-dan.146

karTagenis krebis me-6 muxlidan Cans, rom V s-is 20-ian wlebamde mironiskurTxevis neba ara mxolod episkoposebs, mRvdlebsac ki hqondaT, rac akrZala

krebam: `sacxebeli (mironi) mRvdlis mier ar unda damzaddes~,147 magram mironiskurTxevis ufleba dautova episkoposebs.

qarTuli samarTlis istoriisaTvis sainteresoa n. maris mosazreba, rom `ZvelsaqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erToba warmoadgenda udavo

faqts~.148 Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdeboba (saxelo) n. mars miaCnda

`saqarTveloSi odesRac arsebuli sasuliero da saero Zalauflebis erT xelSiTavmoyris tradiciis gviandel gadmonaSTad. amasTan dakavSirebiT, man yuradReba

miaqcia xevisberobis instituts moxeveebSi da a.S.~148 am sakiTxis gasaSuqeblad

dauweria specialuri gamokvleva `xelmwifis karis garigebis Sesaxeb~, romelicjerjerobiT gamoqveynebuli ar aris.148

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa n. maris dakvirveba somxuri `vardapetis~ institu-tis mimarT, romelic mogvagonebs XII s-mde qarTul eklesiaSi arsebul

`moZRvrobis~ instituts.149

n. maris azriT, somxuri eklesiis wyaroebis mixedviT, vardapeti niSnavda ara

bers, anda ubralod arqimandrits, aramed moZRvars (maswavlebels). `Zvel somxur

eklesiaSi vardapetis, rogorc moZRvar-maswavleblis roli da avtoriteti metadmniSvnelovani iyo rTuli sasuliero sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi, rogorc Cans, mas

ufro meti wona hqonda, vidre episkoposs an Tundac kaTalikoss... vardapetebs aramxolod maswavlebloba-moZRvrobis ufleba hqondaT, aramed mosamarTlisac. maT

xelSi iyo msajulobac~.150

am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTvel `moZRvarsac~ ruis-urbnisis krebamde, Cans,

iseTive uflebebi gaaCnda, rac somxur vardapets. moZRvari eklesiis maswavlebeli

iyo da, Cans, mosamarTlec. amas unda migvaniSnebdes is, rom qarTveli mefisdarbazis karze myofi `moZRvarT-moZRvari~, umaRlesi msajulisa da mosamarTlis

uflebiT iyo aRWurvili. moZRvari, romelsac msajulis funqciebi ekisreboda, Cans,

qarTulad `merCuled~, rjulis mcodned da amave dros mosamarTled (msajulad)iwodeboda. unda vifiqroT, rom VII-IX ss-Si, saqarTvelos daSlilobisas qveynis

gaerTianebamde eklesiis xelSi Zalauflebis Tavmoyrisa da zogjer saero dasasuliero Zalauflebis erT xelSi Tavmoyris dros (romlis tradiciul

146 a. jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. 2, 1998, gv. 97-107; 147 karT. me-6kan. , saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 239; 148 g. nadareiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 92; 149

iqve, gv. 23-24 ; 150 iqve, gv. 23.


gadmonaSTad n. mars miaCnda Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdeboba), moZRvar-

Ta instituts iseTive didi mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTveloSi, rogorc vardapets

somxeTSi. magram imis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelo gaerTianda da TviTmpyrobelobisakenmoswrafe mefis xelisuflebam Tavis gverdiT ver igua saero xelisuflebisagan

ukiduresad damoukidebeli da amave dros Zlieri Zalis mqone eklesia,saxelmwifos saWirod miuCnevia moZRvrobis institutis Sekveca. amas unda

migvaniSnebdes ruis-urbnisis krebis me-12 kanoni, `moZRvrad wodebulTa maT

monazonTa~ Sesaxeb: ̀ pirvelad amas ganvsazRvrebT raTa umRvdelosa ara xelewife-bodes ganmkiTxvelobad sulTa, araTu episkoposi iyos, anu mRvdeli, anu diakoni,

rameTu pirvelad Sekvrisa da ganxsnisa xelmwifebasa uxms qonebad da egreTRa

gankiTxvisa sulTaYsa xel-yofad~.151

maSasadame, codnas, mecnierul ganaTlebas, romlis gamoc beri iRebda ̀ moZRvris~

wodebas, amis Semdeg ukve mniSvneloba aRar eniWeboda, aramed moZRvris wodebaSeiZleboda miniWeboda naklebmcodnes, magram nakurTx, anu xeldasxmul sasuliero

pirs. amas axsnas kreba me-12 kanoniT imiT uZebnis, rom `Sekvrisa da ganxsnisxelmwifeba~ marTlac aqvs mociqulTagan memkvidreobiT xeldasxmul èpiskoposs,

mRvdelsa da diakons~. rogorc aRiniSna, niko maris Tanaxmad, vardapetis

umTavresi Tviseba esaa mecnieruli codna, am codnis gamo mopovebuli uflebamsajulobisa, maswavleblobisa. ruis-urbnisis krebis Semdeg ki, rogorc aRiniSna,

naklebi mcodnec xeldasxmis meoxebiT SeiZleboda `moZRvari~ gamxdariyo, anu

`sulTa ganmkiTxveli~. unda iTqvas, rom somxur eklesiaSi vardapetobis institutiwarmoadgenda sasuliero wodebis mecnierTa gansakuTrebul korporacias.152 varda-

petebi iyvnen saeklesio moZRvrebaTa da gadmocemaTa erT-erTi kompetenturidamcvelni, amxsnel-ganmmarteblebi da ganmaviTarebelnic. n. mari Tvlida, rom

Zveli somxeTis vardapetebi TavianTi maRali uflebamosilebis simaRleze Rirseu-

lad idgnen. Zveli somxuri saeklesio wyobilebis Tanaxmad, maT sapatio adgilihqondaT gankuTvnili sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa sistemaSi da maT Soris

samarTalSemoqmedebis sferoSiac. swavluli vardapetebis korporaciam somxuri

samarTlis istoriaSi didi roli iTamaSa, da radgan n. maris TvalsazrisiTfeodaluri somxeTi qarTuli saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda eklesiurad da

istoriuli tao-klarjeTic somxeTis yofil nawilad miaCnda, amitom aminstituts qarTul eklesiazec gavlena unda moexdina. sinamdvileSi, marTalia, VI

s-is Semdeg qarTvelTa qveyana tao da nawilobriv misi mimdebare qarTuli

mxareebi somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi imyofeboda, arabTa Semosevebis SemdegbizantielTa gavleniT am qarTulma kuTxeebma Tavi daaRwies somxur saeklesio

batonobas da VIII-X ss-Si daubrundnen qarTul dedaeklesias. rac Seexeba merCule-

moZRvar-maswavleblobis instituts, mas didi avtoriteti unda moepovebina arabTamier qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis dasustebis gamo saeklesio gavlenis gaZlierebis

dros. vardapetis xelSeuvali avtoriteti Taobidan Taobas, maswavleblidanmoswavles gadaecemoda somxuri masalebis mixedviT.152 aseve unda yofiliyo

saqarTveloSic, magaliTad, 985 wels sinas mTaze gadawerili iakobis Jamis wirvis

anderZebSi ioane zosime ixsenebs Tavis moZRvrebs, viTarca ucilobel av-toritetebs, romelTagan miiRo codna, ̀ viTa me vicode moZRvarTagano~, wers igi.

am SemTxvevaSi maT (anu moZRvarTa) xelSia wmida werilis teqstebze zrunva, rac

TavianT movaleobad miaCniaT. mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis mixedviT, vardape-tobis kandidats evaleboda `Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebisa da kanonikuri

151 didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 552; 152 g . n adareiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv . 25.


dadgenilebebis safuZvliani codna. Tanac gamocdis dros gamosacdels dawvrilebiT

unda moeTxro gamomcdelisaTvis `sad da visTan Seiswavla man saRvTo werilisTiToeuli wigni~.153 ioane zosimec aseve axsenebs Tavis mecnier moZRvars, kerZod,

zemoaRniSnul wignTan dakavSirebiT gvauwyebs: ̀ am wignis dedani Tavidan bolomdenakluli iyo da imas ar udgeboda, rac me maswavleblebisagan mqonda naswavli,an Cemi Jamis wirvis wignebSi ewera, amitomac ar momwonda, mexveweboda: rac

magaSi sweria, marto is damiwereo, mec marto is davwere, rac dedanSi ewerao~...mas, vinc ioane zosimes am davalebas aZlevda, z. WumburiZis azriT, `kargad

hqonda Segnebuli Zveli wignebis mecnieruli Rirebuleba da sagangebod uvlidamaT, esenia moZRvrebi, romelnic `mecnieruli interesebiT swavlobdnen Zvelxelnawerebs, uvlidnen da icavdnen mas~.154

amave movaleobas wignebis mimarT, n. maris azriT, asrulebdnen vardapetebic.isini iyvnen saRvTo werilis tradiciuli teqstebis damcvelni da maTze

mzrunvelni, zogjer daxelovnebuli kaligrafebi, Zveli da axali aRTqmiswignebis pirveli mTargmnelebi. patriarq sahakis 36-e kanonSi naTqvamia, rom`wmida da ubiwo sarwmunoebis saWeTmpyrobelni arian mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi

da vardapetebi~. partavis saeklesio krebis me-6 kanonSi aRniSnuli iyo, romsomxeTis miwaze RvTisSemecnebis madlis Semnaxvelebi arian vardapetebi da unda

vizrunoT maTi rigebis zrdisaTviso. somxeTis saeklesio krebis muSaobaze didgavlenas axdendnen vardapetebi. anisis saeklesio krebaze didi roli iTamaSavardapetma mxiTar goSma. vardapetebs ara mxolod maswavlebloba-moZRvrobis

ufleba hqondaT, aramed mosamarTleobisac. maT xelSi iyo marTlmsajulebac. amgaremoebam gamoxatuleba pova vardanis igavTa krebulSi. `mxiTar goSi, _

aRniSnavda niko mari, _ avtori saeklesio da saero kanonebis krebulisa,vardapeti iyo. es sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisaTvis, rom mis wigns oficialuri

samarTlis wignis mniSvneloba moepovebina. am samarTlis wignis I nawilis 70-emuxlis mixedviT, Tundac patriarqs ar SeeZlo araviTari siaxlis SemoRebasaeklesio krebis gareSe im sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, rac eparqiebs, kaTedrebsa da samwysos

Seexeba. mxiTar goSis samarTlis wigni vardapetebis mimarT maT sasuliero dasamoZRvro-samaswavleblo saqmianobis sferoSi araviTar SezRudvas ar iTvaliswineb-

da, piriqiT, imisTvis, rom vardapetebis sapatio wodebisaTvis Crdili armieyenebinaT, kanoni maT Soris mwvave davasa da kamaTs krZalavda. rogorc Cans,fiqrobdnen, rom vardapetebis ideur Sejaxebas sarwmunoebisa da eklesiisaTvis zianis

motana SeeZlo. amitom im monasterSi, sadac erTi vardapeti mainc iyo, amukanasknelis mowvevis gareSe stumrad ar SeiZleboda misuliyo meore vardapeti~.155

mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis es muxli exmianeba ruis-urbnisis krebis me-

12 muxls. magram msgavseba mxolod garegan mxares Seexeba. pirveli (mxiTar goSisa)ar zRudavs monasterSi vardapetebis ricxvs, aramed mxolod momsvlel, ucxo

vardapets ukrZalavs monasterSi adgilobrivi (Tundac erTaderTi) vardapetebisnebarTvis gareSe misvlas. ruis-urbnisis krebis me-12 muxliT ki aikrZala

monastrebSi moZRvrebis simravle (`mravalsa SfoTsa da ganxeTqilebisa mizezsaSemoiRebs simravle maTi~), dawesda did monasterSi mxolod or-ori, mcireSi kierTaderTi moZRvris arseboba, magram gacilebiT ufro arsebiTia is, rom, rogorc

aRiniSna, axla moZRvrad ukve ara mecnieruli codnis mixedviT dadgindeboda,aramed mxolod sasuliero kurTxevis meSveobiT, rac, safiqrebelia, mizezi unda

15 3 g . n adareiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 25; 154 z . WumburiZe, qarTuli wignis moamage ni, 1981, gv. 5;155 mxiTar goSi, samarTlis wigni, naw. I, $3, g . nadareiSvili, gv. 24.


gamxdariyo qarTul eklesiaSi mecnieruli codnis donis dacemisa. marTlac, XII s-

is Semdgomi saeklesio cxovrebis duRili da samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo-saliter-aturo kvleva-Zieba (igulisxmeba XIII-XVII ss.) verafriT Seedreba VIII-XI ss-is

gasaocar simaRles saeklesio mecnierebis zrda-ganviTarebisa. Tumca, isic undaaRiniSnos, rom XII s-Si jer kidev didi iyo Zala moZRvrobis institutisa, rasacmowmobs daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi, roca man mTeli Tavisi qoneba monastrebs

dautova Tavisi moZRvris xeliT: Cemma Svilma demetrem `yoveli misces moZRvarsaCemsa... raTa romelni monasterni mamulisa Cemisani gamimwarebian, moZRvarman Cemman

ukan cemiTa maTiTa alocnes CemTviso~.

niko mari zrunavda qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Sesaswavlad, radganac igiar iyo saTanado doneze damuSavebuli. revoluciis Semdeg ki, aTeistebis

batonobis dros, cxadia, qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis istoria ar ganviTarebula,amis gamo kidev ufro dasafasebelia niko maris nafiqri am sferoSi. igi ikvlevda

qarTul saero samarTalsac. n. mari fiqrobda, rom warmarTuli epoqis saqarTvelo-Si mefe Tavis xelSi aerTianebda saero da sasuliero Zalauflebas. igi amavedros qurumTuxucesi iyo.156 ̀ qarTuli samarTali da sarwmunoeba adreul ZeglebSi

erTi sityviT gamoixateboda~. mefe pirvandeli iafeturi sazogadoebrivi warmod-geniT RvTis nacvalia, misave qurumi, mRvdeli~.157 n. maris mixedviT qarTuli ena,

misi kultura da eTnosi uZvelesia da mas `saerTo aqvs mTeli kacobriobisaRorZinebasTan~, man ori anbani Seqmna (xucuri da mxedruli) imis gamo, rom misierovnuli sulieri Semoqmedeba ukidures simaRleze iyo atanili.158 anbanis Seqmnas

warmarTobis epoqaSi debda, amiT exmianeboda Teimuraz batoniSvils, romelsacanton II-is biblioTekaSi upovia wigni `matiane SemecnebaTa~, romlis mixedviTac

qarTvelebs farnavazamde hqoniaT anbani, damwerloba, oRond igi xevisberTa, anuqurumTa wreSi yofila farulad mosaxmari - es iyo xucuri anbani, igi ebraulis

mixedviT yofila Seqmnili. farnavazs misgan ganuviTarebia mxedruli anbani.159

samarTlis terminologiis dadgenis dros n. mari misula daskvnamde, rom sityva`sazepuro~ - sparsuli warmoSobisaa (zenduri `visoputra~, aqedan `sepuh~) da

niSnavs `sakuTars~, `sobstvenni~, Semdeg miiRo warCinebulis mniSvneloba. TviTon`samarTlis~ fuZe `marTalSi~ gamoyo fuZe àrT~ àrta~. Zveli induri àrta~,

`rta~ niSnavda simarTles, siwmindes. Zvel sparsulSi àrta~ (arTa) erqvaRvTaebasac (magram gvaqvs waRmarTi, ukuRmarTi, aRmarTi, daRmarTi, mimarTva,momarTva da sxva).

aleqsandre vaCeiSvilma 1946-48 wlebSi gamoaqveyna Tavisi naSromi ̀ narkvevebiqarTuli samarTlis istoriidan~.

al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, ivane javaxiSvilma safuZveli Cauyara qarTuli

samarTlis istoriis sakiTxebis mecnierul Seswavlas, mohyavs iv. javaxiSvilisTvalsazrisi, rom qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Seswavlas abrkolebs qarTuliiuridiuli Zeglebis kritikulad gadasinjuli da dadgenili teqstebis gamoucemloba.

al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, `Zveli drois saero kanonmdeblobidan Cven xanamdeqarTuli iuridiuli Zeglebi ar Semonaxula~.160 Semonaxulia mxolod erTi

iuridiuli Zeglis nawyveti - ̀ bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignidan~, romeliciv. javaxiSvilis azriT, bagrat III-is xanas, XI s-is damdegs ekuTvnis. ucxoeli

156 g . n adareiSvili, `n. mari da qarTuli samarTlis sakiTxebi~, gv. 29; 157 n . mari, qarTulikulturuli ...., mnaTobi, 1925, #5-6, gv. 303; 158 mnaTobi, #4, 1925, gv. 208; 159 g. SaraZe , Teimurazbagrationi, cxovreba, 1972, gv. 122; 160 al. vaCeiSvili, narkvevebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan,t. I , 1946, t. II, 1948. gv. 6.


mkvlevaris, karstis SexedulebiT, X-XI ss-Si Sedgenili bagratis kodeqsi xelaxla

gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli kanonikuri samarTlis elementebiT da saepiskoposo-

saeklesio samarTlis zegavleniT moTavsebulia aRbuRas kodeqsSi.161 am kodeqsisdaniSnulebaa Seqmnil iqnes Sereuli iurisdiqciis dargi, romelic ganawilebulia

saero xelisuflebasa da eklesias Soris, rac gasagebs xdis kanonikuri samarTlisim Zlier elements, romelsac vnaxulobT am kanonmdeblobaSi.162

saero xelisuflebis sasjelis garda, kanoni damnaSaves aseve emuqreba saeklesioxasiaTis sasjeliT (igulisxmeba beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis e.w. `kanonikuri samarTa-

li~), es ukanaskneli ki metad sastiki iyo.163 iv. javaxiSvili ambobs: `SeCvenebuls

veravin miekareboda, aravis ar unda eSvela misTvis, Tund rom gaWirvebuliyofiliyo, imitom rom vinc ki mas miiRebda, isic wyeul-SeCvenebuli gaxdeboda~.

al. vaCeiSvilis SexedulebiT, bizantiis sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi saqarTvelossaeklesio cxovrebaSi moqmed samarTlad iyo miCneuli. qarTuli eklesiis

iuridiul normebs Zlieri gavlena hqondaT saero samarTalze. zogierTi saero

samarTlis institutis wyaro saeklesio kanonmdeblobaSi unda veZioT. ZvelsaqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT X-XI ss-Si metad farTo iyo saeklesio sasamarTloebis

iurisdiqcia. maT eqvemdebareboda iseTi saqmeebi, romlebic Semdgom saukuneebSisaero sasamarTloebis xelSi gadavida.164 iv. javaxiSvilis sityviT, `qarTuli

saeklesio samarTlis moqmedebis asparezi wmida saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebiT

ar ganisazRvreboda, aramed gacilebiT ufro farTo daniSnuleba da sarbielihqonda.165 saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis gziT aris Semosuli qarTul sasamarTloSi

sxvadasxva iuridiuli cneba. am mxriv saqarTvelo gamonakliss ar warmoadgens,

radgan imave movlenas adgili aqvs dasavleT evropis xalxTa iuridiulcxovrebaSi da agreTve rusuli samarTlis istoriaSic~.166

al. vaCeiSvilis dakvirvebiT, evropeli mkvlevaris, karstis SexedulebiTsaqarTveloSi ori umaRlesi xelisuflebis - saeklesio da saeros arsebobam

gamoiwvia umaRlesi iurisdiqciis or dargad dayofa: sasulierod, romelic

ekuTvnoda kaTalikoss da saerod, romelic mefis xelT iyo. ori iurisdiqciisarsebobas karsti did rols miawers. am faqts, misi sityviT, Tanamedrove

iuristebma ar miaqcies saTanado yuradReba. am dayofas karsti gansakuTrebulmniSvnelobas aniWebs, radganac sisxlis samarTlis dargi saerTod, principialurad,

kaTalikosis saeklesio kompetenciaSi Sedioda, samoqalaqo iurisdiqciis dargis

saojaxo da saqorwino samarTalic - eklesiis xelSi iyo.167 amiT xsnis karsti imgaremoebas, rom samefo kanoni sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis ganxilvisas meryeobas

iCens da Cveulebriv maT akuTvnebs kaTalikozis kompetencias, amave faqtSi eZebs

igi imis axsnas, rom kaTalikosTa kanonebi arsebiTad sisxlis samarTlis dargsekuTvnian da sikvdiliT dasjas da gaZevebas aweseben. politikuri mosazrebis gamo

kaTalikozi ̀ nebayoflobiT uTmobs~ sisxlis samarTlis iurisdiqciis nawils mefes,gansakuTrebiT ganaCenTa aRsrulebis sferoSi da im dargs, rac sxeulis

sasjelebTan aris dakavSirebuli (dasaxiCreba, asoTmiReba, Tvalebis daTxra)~.

maSasadame, karstis mtkicebiT, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi eqvemdebareboda kaTalikozs,xolo samoqalaqo samarTlisa, zogierTi gamonaklisiT - mefes. al. vaCeiSvilis

azriT, aseTi daskvna faqtebs, saqmis namdvil viTarebas ar Seesabameba. misi azriT,

161 Karst, Code dÀghbougha, Tome II , 1938, p. 5, 6; 162 al. vaCeiSvili, dasax. naSr. , gv. 7; 163 s.kakabaZe, sjulmdebeli bagrat kurapalati, 1912; 164 al. vaCeiSvili, narkve vebi qarTuli samarTlisistoriidan, I, 1946, gv. 7; 165 qarTuli samarTlis istoria, 1928, gv. 18; 166 al. vaCeiSvili, dasax.naSr ., gv. 2; 167 iqve , gv. 131; 168 iqve, gv. 132.


iurisdiqcias sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi hqonda.168 orive, rogorc

sasuliero, ise saero marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi monawileobda -vaxtangis kanonebis zogierTi im muxlis Tanaxmad, sadac erTad aris moxseniebuli

mefisa da kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia.169

iv. surgulaZis SexedulebiT arsebobda danaSaulTa specialuri sfero, romelicmxolod eklesiis iurisdiqciis sagans Seadgenda (sarwmunoebrivi, zneobrivi da

ojaxuri urTierTobis niadagze warmoSobili danaSauli), magram amave dros saerToxasiaTis danaSauls (mkvleloba, qurdoba da sxva) iTvaliswinebs da sjis TavisidadgenilebebiTa da sanqciebiT. amis mizezad mkvlevars miaCnia is faqti, rom

saqarTveloSi eklesia mxars uWers xelisuflebas da TanamSromlobs danaSaulisdevnasa da dasjaSi.170

`saeklesio samarTali, rogorc saqarTvelos saxelmwifo cxovrebaSi bizantiis

gavlenis Semomtani da gamomsaxveli, sisxlis samarTlis dargSi ueWvelad sajarosawyisebs icavda... romlis Tanaxmad, damnaSave unda daisajos ara dazaralebuli

piris, aramed saxelmwifos interesebis dasakmayofileblad... kaTalikozTa samarTal-Si sasjeli swored sajaro safuZvelzea agebuli~.171

al. vaCeiSvilis SexedulebiT, eklesia Zlier politikur da ideologiur

gavlenas axdenda mTel imdroindel sazogadoebriv urTierTobebsa da yofa-cxovrebaze, sazogadoebis msoflmxedveloba, kultura, zne-Cveuleba da samarTali

religiuri suliskveTebiT iyo gamsWvaluli. zogierT qveyanaSi eklesia aRwevdakidec politikur upiratesobas. eklesiis Zlieri politikuri mdgomareobisSesabamisad misi iurisdiqciac farTo iyo. XII s-saTvis eklesiam safrangeTSi

moipova vrceli kompetencia, mas eqvemdebareboda sisxlis samarTlis da asevesamoqalaqo saqmeebi, Tumca zogjer paralelurad saero xelisuflebis organoebT-

an.171 amis mizezad al. vaCeiSvils miaCnia saxelmwifo xelisuflebis daknineba,saxelmwifos ideis dasusteba, meore mizezad Tvlian imas, rom sazogadoebriviazri eklesiis sasamarTloTa mxareze iyo, isini udavod ufro maRla idgnen,

vidre saero xasiaTis sasamarTloebi. eklesia Zalian farTod avrcelebda Tavisiurisdiqcias saero pirebze.

saqarTveloSi eklesias gaaCnda farTo iurisdiqcia sxvadasxva sakiTxSi.172 vaxtangVI-is samarTlis wignis 61-e muxlidan Cans, rom kaTalikosis kompetenciagansazRvruli iyo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi. sxva zogierT muxlSi laparakia

eklesiis sasamarTlo kompetenciaze (muxli 24, 62, 64, 65, 66, 78, 79, 81, 82,95, 96, 97, 155, 262). zogierTi muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmis ganxilvis ufleba

ekuTvnis mxolod kaTalikoss, zogierT muxlSi kanonmdebeli iTvaliswinebskaTalikosis da mefis SeerTebul iurisdiqcias (igulisxmeba vaxtang VI-is kanonebi).

beqas kanonebidan gamomdinare, karstis SexedulebiT, mawyvereli araa mxolod

saaTabagos uzenaesi pontifi, igi imave dros saero batonia, romelic inawilebsaTabagTan sakanonmdeblo da umaRles xelisuflebas, mis iurisdiqcias ekuTvnis 1.Ralati; 2. SebrZolebani da Tavdasxmebi feodalebs Soris, sadac mawyverels

hqonda Carevis da arbitraJis ufleba, romelsac igi iyenebda vetos dadebis dazavis Camogdebis gziT; 3. mZime danaSaulni, Cadenilni erTi da imave ojaxis

an gvaris wevrebs Soris; 4. saojaxo, saqorwino da memkvidreobis anukanonikuri, sasamarTloebi, romlebic mawyverels eqvemdebarebian.

169 al. vaCeiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 134; 170 iqve, gv. 35; 171 al. vaCeiSvili, n arkvevebi qarTulisamarTlis istoriidan, t. II, 1948, gv. 49; 172 iqve, gv. 51.


al. vaCeiSvilis SexedulebiT karstis mier gamoTqmuli azri gadaWarbebuli

araa da istoriul sinamdviles Seesabameba. karsti laparakobs mawyverelze, magrames Seexeba saerTod qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcias, mis mdgomareobasa da uflebebs

marTlmsajulebis dargSi, am mxriv saaTabagoSi miRebuli saeklesio cxovrebiswesebi da eklesiis privilegiebi qarTuli eklesiis privilegirebuli mdgomareobisgamomxatveli iyo.173

iv. surgulaZe ̀ narkvevebi saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis istoriidan~ganixilavs saeklesio gadasaxdelebs. Zlier gavrcelebuli sayovelTao saeklesiogadasaxadi iyo drama, àm gadasaxdelis Sinaarsi mdgomareobda garkveuli

raodenobis xorbleulis gadasaxdelSi. XVII-XVIII ss-Si drama fulidan produqtebisgadasaxdelad gadaiqca~.174 sxva gadasaxdeli iyo `sakanono~. mas eklesia iRebda

damnaSavisagan. `saeklesio sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda garkveuli sisxlis samarT-lis saqmeebi~,174 magaliTad, erTi cnobiT, mkvlel damnaSaves gadaaxdevines

sakanonod erTi xari, jvardauwerel qmars - ori xari da sxva. uziarebladgardacvalebisas Wirisuflis sakanono iyo erTi xari. mesame gadasaxdeli iyo`niSani~ - esaa gamosaRebi, romelsac eklesiis msaxurni iRebdnen vismes gardacvaleb-

is SemTxvevaSi.175 mas ixdida mosaxleobis yvela fena episkoposis sasargeblod. amisgarda, sxvadasxva wesis Sesrulebisas monaTvla - gvirgvinis kurTxeva, gardacvaleb-

isas - ixdidnen morwmuneni.176

iv. surgulaZe naSromSi `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi~, exebaxevsureTSi SemorCenil wess, roca mniSvnelovani saqmis garCevis dros ganaCenis,

an gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad mimarTavdnen `bWes~, an `rjulis kacs~ - aseTi`rjulis kacebi~ mravalia xevsureTis sxvadasxva sofelSi. `rjulis kaci~ Wkua-gonebiT saxelganTqmuli xnieri kacia, cnobilia, viTarca Cvevebis didi mcodne. Tu

saqme mniSvnelovani iyo da imave dros aseTi saqmis Sesaxeb garkveuli wesi araxsovdaT, an sakiTxi sadavo iyo, maSin `rjulis kacebs~ iwvevdnen xevsureTis

yvela soflidan da isini erTad Sekrebilni arCevdnen saqmes. es wesi,177 romelicSemorCa xevsureTSi, Zvel saqarTveloSi odesRac arsebuli wesrigis anarekli unda

iyos. TviT sityva `rjulis kaci~, igivea, rac Zveli qarTuli `merCule~,`merjule~, rjulis, e.i. kanonis, wesis mcodne. merCuleTa, anu `rjulis kacTa~erTad Sekreba albaT anareklia krebisa, sasamarTlo Sekrebisa, anu Tu gnebavT

saeklesio krebisa, radganac `rjuli~, swored saeklesio sferos ganekuTvneba,Tumca ZvelqarTulad rjuli igivea, rac kanoni, wesi, romlis damcveli

yovelTvis eklesia iyo.

iv. surgulaZe aRniSnavs, rom `saeklesio Sinaarsis Zeglebs qristianulqveynebSi, da kerZod, saqarTveloSi moqmedi samarTlis mniSvneloba hqondaT. aseTi

Zeglebi orgvaria: msoflio saeklesio krebebis kanonmdebloba, romlebic gadmo-Targmnili iyo qarTulad da qarTuli, e.i. adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebisdadgenilebani. saeklesio Sinaarsis Zeglebi qarTuli saxelmwifosa da samarTlis

istoriis SemswavlelTaTvis mravalmxriv aris sayuradRebo: maTSi moipovebasaintereso masala saxelmwifo samarTlis, sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis

institutebis Sesaxeb. am Zeglebis saSualebiT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnessaxelmwifosa da eklesiis damokidebulebis sakiTxebi, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania

es Zeglebi saojaxo samarTlis institutebis Sesaswavlad, radganac, rogorccnobilia, eklesia saojaxo sakiTxebis mimarT gansakuTrebul interess iCenda.

173 al. vaCeiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 55; 174 iv. surgulaZe, qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi,1984 , gv. 221; 175 iqve , gv. 222; 176 iqve , gv. 220; 177 iqve, gv. 12.


178 iv. surgulaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 14; 179 ak. SaniZ e, qarTvelTa monasteri bulgareTSi, 1971, gv.124-125, leqsikoni; 180 iv. surgulaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 143; 181 z. ratiani `saqarTvelos socialuriwyoba XII-XIV saukuneebSi~, 1970, gv . 23-24; 182 i. doliZe, Zveli qarTuli samarTali, Tb . 1953, gv.42; 183 z. ratiani, dasax . naSr. , gv. 28; 184 iqve, gv. 30; 185 iqve, gv. 40.

qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT, mniSvnelo-

vania adgilobrivi, qarTuli saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebani. saeklesio sasamarT-los eqvemdebareboda zogierTi saero Sinaarsis saqme qorwinebis, gayris, col-

qmarTa damokidebulebisa da sxv. amasTanave, sisxlis samarTlis zogierTi saqme,saero sasamarTlo sasjelis garda, damatebiTi saxiT, saeklesio sasamarTlossasjelsac iwvevda. amasTanave, eklesia garkveul urTierTobaSi imyofeboda samefo

xelisuflebasTan: hyavda jari, moxeleebi, hqonda Tavisi droSa da sxv.~.178

iv. surgulaZis azriT - `kanons _ Zvel qarTulSi sjuli ewodeboda.tipikonSi gvxvdeba termini `Sjulis-deba~ e.i. sjuldeba,179 romliTac aRiniSneba

gangeba, wesdeba, TviT tipikoni. samefo xelisuflebis mier Sedgenil kanonebs _sjuldeba erqva.180

`beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis e.w. ̀ danarTi muxlebis~ raobisa da mniSvnelo-

bis garkvevis sakiTxi... sakuTriv beqa-aRbuRas samarTali Sedgeba 98 muxlisagan(aqedan beqas ekuTvnis 65, aRbuRas - 33 muxli), am samarTals vaxtangiseul

nusxaSi axlavs 72 e.w. `danarTi muxli~, romelTagan 62 muxli (99-160),ukanaskneli gamokvlevebiT, miCneulia bagrat kurapalatis samarTlad, xolo 10

muxli (161-170) _ kanonikuri samarTlis fragmentad. qarTul istoriografiaSi,amJamad, gabatonebulia Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviT es 72 muxli TiTqosSecdomiT aris darTuli beqa-aRbuRas samarTalze da, maSasadame, ar warmoadgens

beqa-aRbuRas saxeliT cnobili Zeglis nawils... Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos zemoTxsenebuli 72 muxli SecdomiT iyo darTuli beqa-aRbuRas samarTalze, swori ar

aris - aseve mcdaria azri, TiTqos danarTi muxlebis ZiriTadi nawili (99-160)marto bagrat kurapalatis samarTals warmoadgendes~.181

z. ratiani aRniSnavs, rom beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis danarTi muxlis

arseboba pirvelad iv. javaxiSvilma SeniSna. manve gamoTqva mosazreba, TiTqos esmuxlebi `SemTxveviT da SecdomiT~ iyos darTuli beqa-aRbuRas samarTalze. i.doliZis azriT, am muxlebis damateba unda mieweros vaxtang mefis sakodifikacio

komisias.182 frangi mecnieris a. karstis SexedulebiT, bagratis kodeqsi Sedga X-XI ss-Si, Semdegi redaqcia mas gaukeTa daviT aRmaSenebelma, SemdgomSi es bolo

redaqcia gadamuSavda da Seivso saepiskopos-saeklesio samarTlis mcodneTa mier damoTavsda aRbuRas kodeqsSi. z. ratiani aRniSnavs, rom karsts Tavisi Tvalsazrisi

dasabuTebuli ara aqvs. z. ratiani gamoricxavs imis SesaZleblobas, rom vaxtangVI-is swavlul kacTa komisias daeSva Secdoma da beqa-aRbuRas kanonebisaTvismiewera e.w. danarTi muxlebi.183 z. ratiani askvnis, rom e.w. danarTi muxlebi

sinamdvileSi warmoadgens beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis organul nawils, romelnicavseben da srulyofen mas.184 z. ratians mohyavs aRniSnuli `danarTi muxlebis~

SesavalSi arsebuli winadadeba - `saxeliTa RmrTisaYTa daiwyebis saRmrToYsagaCenili da gasaCeneli, pirvelad daviTian bagrat kurapalatisa da aRmaSenebelTamefeT-mefeTa brZanebiTa da merme ebiskoposTa didebulTa da aznaurTa da WkuianTa

kacTa mefeTa winaSe erTbamad gaCenili gangebiTa RmrTisaYTa~.

aq naxsenebi àRmaSenebelTa mefeT-mefeTa brZanebiTa~ z. ratians ganmartebuli

aqvs, TiTqosda, saubaria daviT aRmaSenebelze,185 sinamdvileSi ki, aq saubaria araerT àRmaSenebel~ mefeze, aramed mraval àRmaSenebel~ mefeze. aRmaSenebeli ar


ewodeboda mxolod daviT aRmaSenebels, aramed yvela keTilmorwmune, qveynis

maSenebel mefes, aseTni ki mravalni iyvnen aRmavlobis gzaze mdgar tao-

klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefosa~ da saqarTvelos sxva adgilobriv samefo

erTeulebSi, Tu aras vityviT gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirvel mefeebze. aq

àRmaSenebel mefeebSi~ unda igulisxmebodes bagrat kurapalatis (IX s) Semdgomi

mefeebi, romelnic arabTa mier ganadgurebuli qveynis marTlac rom aRmaSenebelni

iyvnen. ase rom, aq daviT aRmaSenebeli ar unda igulisxmebodes.

z. ratiani gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom monRolTa Semosevebis dros `yvelaze

naklebad eklesia dazianda~.186 amitomac, Tavisi mdgomareobis SenarCunebis mizniT,

saeklesio pirebis mier moxda bagrat-daviTis samarTlis axali redaqcia monRolTa

Semosevis momdevno periodSi, 1249-1316 wlebSi. is `gaZlierebulma samRvdeloebam

Tavisi interesebis Sesaferisad gadaakeTa~.187 es mosazreba usafuZvloa. z. ratiani

samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom beqa-aRbuRas samarTals Zvel saqarTveloSi `beqasagan

ganaCeni samarTali~ ewodeboda. z. ratiani yuradRebas apyrobs samcxis samTavros

uzenaes sasuliero xelisufals - mawyverel-episkoposs. aRniSnavs, rom `faqtiurad

mawyverelis gavlena arcTu Camouvardeba, aramed aWarbebs kidec mTavris gavlenas~.188

`samarTlidan Cans, rom mawyverelis sisxli iseve araa gansazRvruli, rogorc

aTabagisa, maSasadame, oriveni kanonze maRla dganan, rogorc uzenaesi xelisufalni.

aTabagi umaRlesi saero xelisufalia, mawyvereli - umaRlesi sasuliero xelisu-

fali. rogorc aTabagi ar scnobs mefis xelisuflebas, aseve mawyvereli ar scnobs

kaTalikosis xelisuflebas~.188

`samarTlidan Cans, rom mawyvereli ara marto sasuliero saqmeebs ganagebda,

aramed saerosac, rasac ukve pirvelive muxli gvimowmebs. gamodis, rom mawyverelis

xelisufleba ufro vrceli iyo, vidre aTabagisa, radgan aTabagi mxolod saero

gamgebelia, mawyvereli ki, garda Tavisi ZiriTadi, sasuliero moRvaweobisa, saero

saqmeebSic ereoda~.188 z. ratiani aRniSnavs, `kanons warmoudgenlad miaCnia

moZRvris Sepyroba (episkoposze rom araferi vTqvaT) ... sakuTriv mRvdeli da

monazoni, viTarca sasuliero pirni, maRla dganan maT saero moZmeebze~.189

g. nadareiSvili friad sayuradRebosa da swors uwodebs iv. javaxiSvilis

mosazrebas, rom `qarTuli saeklesio samarTali marto SinaarsiT ki ar iyo

saeklesio, aramed warmomdinareobiTac. am mxriv, qarTuli saeklesio samarTali

ufro romis kaTolikeTa eklesiis `Corpus iuris cononici~-is miagavs, vidre aRmosav-

leTis eklesiis, berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTals, imgvaradve, rogorc

qarTuli eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebiT bevri TvisebiT ufro romis saSualo

saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da rusTa eklesiebs~.190

g. nadareiSvili SeniSnavs, rom `qarTuli feodaluri wyobileba~ analogiuria

ufro dasavlur-evropulisa, vidre musulmanur-aRmosavlurisa. aseve saSualo

saukuneebis qarTuli saojaxo samarTalic met siaxloves amJRavnebs evropis

qveynebis saojaxo samarTlis institutebTan~.191

g. nadareiSvili saojaxo-saqorwino urTierTobis sakiTxebze didi mniSvnelobis

wyarod miiCnevs mociqulebisa, msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebs. aseve

berZnulidan SerCeviT Targmnil kanonikuri samarTlis Zeglebs... `basili makedonelis

186 z. ratiani, dasax . naSr. , gv. 44; 187 iqve, gv. 49; 188 iqve, gv. 61; 189 iqve, gv. 64; 190 iv. javaxiSvili,qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni I, tf., 1928, gv . 18-19; 191 g. nadareiSvili, qarTuli samarTlisistoriis n arkveve bi, 1971, gv. 16.


proxironis meSvide tituli, romelic naTesaobis xarisxs exeba, saqarTveloSi moqmed

sakanonmdeblo normad unda CaiTvalos. aseve moqmed an nawilobriv moqmed samarTlad

unda CaiTvalos vaxtangis krebulSi Sesuli e.w. `berZnuli kanonebi~, romlebic maTe

blastaris sintagmas armenopulos eqvs wignTagan Sevsebuls unda warmoadgendes~.192

`gacilebiT ufro didi mniSvnelobis wyarod unda CaiTvalos qarTuli

adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebi, kaTalikos-patriarqTa epistoleebi,

samarTlis wignebi da sasamarTlo praqtika, agreTve naratiuli wyaroebi... Sua

saukuneebis saqarTveloSi specialuri saxelmwifo sakanonmdeblo organo ar

arsebobda. erTaderTi kanonmdebeli iyo mefe... aseve saeklesio krebebic mefeTa

dasturiT da mis moxeleTa monawileobiTve eweodnen sakanonmdeblo saqmianobas~.193

1975 wels gamoqveynda qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis mniSvnelovani Zegli

`didi sjuliskanoni~, Tavis dros Targmnili arsen iyalToelis mier. mis

winasityvaobaSi enriko gabiZaSvili wers saqarTvelos adgilobriv krebebTan

dakavSirebiT: `qarTuli eklesiis istoria misi uZvelesi periodidanve Zneli

warmosadgenia adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis gareSe, xolo adgilobrivi krebebi,imisda mixedviT, Tu ra rangisa iqnebodnen isini - kanonmdeblobis gareSe.

marTalia, yvela adgilobrivi kreba saeklesio kanonmdeblobas ar iTvaliswinebda

da mxolod eklesiis mimdinare wvrilmani sakiTxebis gadawyvetiT kmayofildebo-

da~,194 miuxedavad saqarTvelos xangrZlivi saeklesio istoriisa, òriginaluri

kanonikuri mwerlobis arc erT Zegls Cvenamde ar mouRwevia XII s-is dasawyisamde.

bednier gamonaklisad ruis-urbnisis 1105 w. saeklesio krebis Zegliswera undaCaiTvalos, romelic ramdenime nusxiTaa Semonaxuli... rac Seexeba saeklesio

kanonmdeblobis naTargmn Zeglebs, arc amiTaa mdidari Zveli qarTuli mwerloba.

X s-mde, qarTul enaze ar SemogvrCenia aramcTu raime Targmnili kanonikuri

krebuli, aramed kanonikuri xasiaTis statiac ki.195

e. gabiZaSvili eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvils, rom XII s-mdec unda arsebuliyo

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebaTa mier gamocemuli Sesabamisi dadgenilebani da

ganCinebani werilobiTi saxiT gadmocemulni, magram dRemde maT ar mouRweviaT

- `krebaTa aqtebi anu `Zegliswera~, iseve rogorc sxva saeklesio krebaTa

dadgenilebani, romelTa Sesaxeb ubralo cnobebic ki ar gvaqvs, dReisaTvisdakargulad unda miviCnioT~.195

e. gabiZaSvili ar eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvils, romelic fiqrobda, rom VII s-

is dasawyisSi, èpistoleTa wignis~ mixedviT kirionma III epistoles Tanaxmad

specialurad Targmna da somex mRvdelmTavrebs gaugzavna òTxTa krebaTa wignebi~,

rac miuTiTebs, rom `VI-VII ss-Si saqarTvelos eklesias msoflio krebebis Zegliswer-aTa wigni hqonia, da amgvarad, qarTuli kanonikuri mwerloba, am SemTxvevaSi

msoflio eklesiis kanonebis saxiT, mainc arsebobda, rasakvirvelia, adgilobrivi

krebebis ZeglisweraTa wignebic iqneboda~.196 e. gabiZaSvili eTanxmeba k. kekeliZes,

romlis azriTac, ̀ epistoleTa wignis cnobaSi saubari pirveli oTxi msoflio krebis

sarwmunoebis simbolos exeba, `miT umetes, rom nikeis I da konstantinopolis II

msoflio krebaTa aqtebi, krebis sxdomaTa zustad Cawerili oqmebi, rogoric yvelasxva msoflio krebis Sesaxeb gvaqvs, saerTod ar unda arsebuliyo~.197

192 g. nadareiSvili, dasax . naSr., gv. 17 ; 193 iqve, gv. 18; 194 `didi sjuliskanoni~ gamosacemadmoamzades e. gabiZaSvilma, e. giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem, g. ninuam, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 12; 195 iqve,gv. 13; 196 iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I, Tbilisi, 1928, gv. 26-28; 19 7 `didisjuliskanoni~, gv. 14., Cvbhyjd R&^ J,jphtybt bcnjxybrjd&


e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, saqarTveloSi kanonikur mwerlobas safuZveli Caeyara

eqvTime mTawmidelis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobis Sedegad. marTalia, iqamde

grigol oSkels (X s. dasawyisi) somxuridan uTargmnia grigol nazianzelis erTi

Txzuleba, romelsac garkveuli kavSiri hqonda I da II msoflio krebebze

arianelTa sakiTxis irgvliv ganviTarebul kamaTTan, magram igi e. gabiZaSvilsmainc miaCnia ara kanonikuri literaturis Zeglad, aramed dogmatikur-po-

lemikurad da fiqrobs, rom pirveli kanonikuri krebuli `mcire rCuliskanoni~

eqvTime mTawmidelma Seadgina berZnulidan Targmnili sxvadasxva kanonikuri statiis

safuZvelze, qarTuli eklesiis praqtikuli saWiroebisaTvis. krebulSi Sesuli: 1.

`wesi da gangeba da rCuliskanoni meeqvsisa krebisa~, warmoadgens trulis 691 wlis

krebis saxecvlil krebuls. 2. `kanoni SecodebulTani~, avtorad ioane mmarxveli(konstantinopolis V s. mTavarepiskoposi) aris dasaxelebuli, rac simarTles ar

Seefereba, vinaidan Zegli VIII-IX ss-Si Seqmnilad aris miCneuli. 3. `kanoni dRiTi-

dReTa cTomaTani~, romlis avtorad basilia dasaxelebuli, kidev ufro gviandeli

unda iyos. 4. `Zegliswera~ sarwmunoebisa, romeli aRwers wmidaTa mamaTa

konstantinopoles SekrebilTa, wmidaTa xatTa TayvaniscemisaTvis~.198

e. gabiZaSvilis daskvniT, eqvTimes es naSromi warmoadgens Tavisebur kanonikur

krebuls, Sedgenils trulis 691 wlis krebis kanonebisa da basili didis kanonebis

safuZvelze, romelsac damatebuli aqvs TviT mTargmnelis mier sxvadasxva wyaros

mixedviT Sedgenili kanonebic, maT Soris qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis Sesaxebac.199

samarTlis sferoSi, aRniSnulis garda, eqvTimes dauweria kanonikur-liturgikuliSroma, romelSic ganmartebulia disciplinaruli xasiaTis sxvadasxva sakiTxi.

Txzuleba warmoadgens pasuxs giorgi beris SekiTxvaze, romelic mas Wyondididan

eqvTimesaTvis gaugzavnia.200 e. gabiZaSvili wers, rom eqvTimes garda zemoaRniS-

nulisa, uTargmnia `mcneba da gangeba msoflioTa xucesTa berZnuli, romeli

gardmosca qarTulad didma efTvimi~.201

giorgi mTawmidels uTargmnia Txzuleba `mcneba mRvdelTa mimarT~, `mcneba

wmidisa Jamiswirvisa mimarT, raTa ara wirviden dResa Sina orgzis, aramed

erTgzis~. e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, SesaZloa giorgi mTawmidelma agreTve Targmna

III msoflio krebis irgvliv Seqmnili epistolaruli memkvidreobis nawili,

romelsac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. igi eTanxmeba k. kekeliZes, rom giorgimTawmidelis redaqtors an gadamwers Secdoma mouvida da mas miaweres `wigni

meeqvsisa krebisas~ Targmna, agreTve aRniSnavs, rom marTalia, qarTul naTargmn

literaturaSi bevri Txzuleba Seexeba saeklesio krebaTa istorias da dogmatikur

sakiTxebs, magram maT kanonikur mwerlobasTan mxolod zogadi Sexeba aqvs (nawili

maTi Tavmoyrilia arsen iyalToelis `dogmatikonSi~).202

`did sjuliskanonTan~ dakavSirebiT, e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, arsen iyalToelis

mier Targmnili aRniSnuli krebuli berZnuli 14-titlovani nomokanonis -

ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis erTaderTi Targmania qarTulad da es Zegli arc

manamde da arc Semdeg ar yofila gadmoRebuli.203

e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, arsen iyalToelma `didi sjuliskanoni~ Targmna 1105wlamde, ruis-urbnisis krebis mowvevamde, radganac krebis `Zeglisweras~ didi

198 am krebulis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ixileT `mcire sjuliskanoni~, gamosacemad moamzada e .giunaSvilma, Tb. , 1973; 199 didi sjuliskanoni, Sesavali, gv. 15; 200 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi,II I, 1970, gv . 5-18; 201 qronikebi gamocemuli T . Jordanias mier, II, 1897, gv. 82-83; 202 didisjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 16; 203 iqve, gv. 19.


sjuliskanonis qarTuli Targmanis kvali atyvia.204 misi Targmna ruis-urbnisiskrebis mzadebasTan yofila dakavSirebuli. amitom misi Targmna XI s-ismiwurulSi, an XII s-is pirvel naxevarSi aris savaraudebeli.205 arsen iyalToelsSeurCevia nomokanonis is redaqcia, romelic qristianulma eklesiam 920 wliskonstantinopolis erT-erT udides krebaze oficialur kanonikur kodeqsad aRiara.e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, termini `sjuliskanoni~ ar aris `nomokanonis~ Targmani.`nomos~, misi azriT, qarTulad ar udris `sjuls~. sjuli aq sarwmunoebrivisamarTlis mniSvnelobas unda gulisxmobdes.206

e. gabiZaSvili xangrZlivi kvleviT askvnis, rom ruis-urbnisis `Zeglisweris~erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaro `didi sjuliskanonia~207 da Sedgenil iqna am krebismowvevamde. misi azriT, ruis-urbnisis kreba mowveul iqna ara 1103 wels, aramed1105 wels, Tumca vaxuSti miuTiTebs 1103 wels, anu qarTuli qoronikonis 323wels.208 e. gabiZaSvils mohyavs Tavisi angariSi am krebis mowvevisa, racdamajereblad ar gveCvena.209

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis cnobil mkvlevars babilina lominaZes mravalinaSromi aqvs Cveni eklesiis istoriis calkeuli periodebisa. maTSi uxvad arisgabneuli mniSvnelovani mosazrebani saeklesio samarTlis Sesaxebac. gansakuTrebiTaRsaniSnavia babilina lominaZis gamokvleva - àfxazeTis sakaTalikosos sinodismier miRebuli kanonebi (XVI s.)~.

misi gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, es e.w. `kaTalikosTa samarTalis~ saxeliT cnobilisaeklesio-iuridiuli Zegli gamosca dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu afxazeTis sakaTali-kosos saeklesio krebam (mas mkvlevari `sinods~ uwodebs), afxazeTis kaTalikosisevdemon CxetiZis dros (1557-1578 ww.). am saeklesio krebam `SeimuSava kanonebimosaxleobaSi darRveuli samoqalaqo da saeklesio wesebis aRsadgenad~.210

babilina lominaZis azriT, `krebis mowvevis dros saqarTvelo mZime sagareoda saSinao mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda... qveyanas Zirs uTxrida tyveTa syidva(romlis bazari TurqeTSi iyo, umetesad, afxazeTis meSveobiT). mosaxleobaSi,gansakuTrebiT afxazeTSi, qristianuli `rjulis garyvna~ am droisaTvis TiTqmismasobrivi gaxda, radgan yovelmxriv dauZlurebul bars mieZala mTieli mosaxleoba(adgilobrivi da Crdilo kavkasiidan gadmosulebi), romlebmac Tan moitanes naxevradwarmarTuli qristianoba... yovelive am Znelbedobam daarRvia mosaxleobis samoqalaqoda saeklesio cxovrebis wesrigi~.210

`xsenebuli krebis mier SemuSavebuli kanonebi da windarTuli Sesavalireliefurad gvamcnobs, Tu saxeldobr ra saxis ùwesobani~ yofila mosaxleobaSigavrcelebuli. SesavalSi naTqvamia (mogvaqvs SemoklebiT): ̀ me.... yovlisa saqarTvelosakaTalikozman patriarqman malaqia, me... afxazeTisa kaTalikozman mamaTmTavarmanevdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT yovelni episkoposni afxazeTisani da didisiymili movida codvaTa CuenTagan, mravali uwesoba da ujero saqme Semovida:kacis kvla, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva da uxvedroba. davideviT sjuliskanoni...da sjulis kanonica asre brZanebs~.211

`garda zemoxsenebuli ori kaTalikosisa, krebas eswreboda yvela episkoposidasavleT saqarTvelodan (àfxazeTidan~) - sul aTi: quTaTeli mitropoliti

204 didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 20; 205 iqve , gv. 21; 206 iqve , gv. 23; 207 iqve , gv. 78; 20 8 v .batoniSvili, saqarTvelos istoria, 1885, gv . 174; 209 didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 80; 21 0 Jurn.`gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani~, #2, 1996, gv. 57; 21 1 b. lominaZ e, àfxazeTis sakaTalikosossinodis mier miRebuli kanonebi (XVI)~; Jurn . `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani~ #2;1996 w. gv . 57.


svimoni, gelaTeli mTavarepiskoposi antoni, mama Wyondideli, bedieli mitropoli-

ti, moqveli mTavarepiskoposi, drandeli mitropoliti filipe, cagareli mamamTa-

vari kozman, xoneli mTavarepiskoposi zaqaria, nikorwmindeli episkoposi iovakim,CaiSeli mamamTavari kirile. am pirebs daumtkicebiaT krebis oqmi xelis moweriT

boloSi `kanoniTa vamtkiceb~. damswreTa raodenoba 12 akmayofilebda krebiskanonikur wess~.212

b. lominaZe wers,: `krebam SeimuSava metad mkacri sasjelebi, romlebicgaaforma daaxloebiT 23-e muxlSi (kanonSi). `samarTali~ umaRlesi fizikuri

sasjelisagan (sikvdilisagan) ar indobs kacis gamyidvels, romel wodebasac ar

unda ekuTvnodes is. tyvis gamyidveli Tu ver daabrunebs da gamoixsnis tyves,`veram saqmem ver ixsnas, ukanonodca ars, - Zels mieces~ (CamoxrCobil iqnes), Tu

gamoixsnis tyvis gamyidveli, maSin `SeCvenebul iyos~ (muxli 1). `vinc eklesia

gatexos da xati gaZarcos, ukanonod Zels mieces~ (muxli 2) aq or SemTxvevaSimiTiTeba ùkanonod~ imas niSnavs, rom damnaSavis sikvdiliT dasja Sesruldes

sakanonos gareSe, e.i. damnaSaves aRsarebis (sinanulis) da ziarebis miRebis ufleba(mRvdlis winaSe) warTmeuli aqvs~.213

ìs faqti, rom aseTi ganaCeni iSviaTia TviT am ̀ samarTalSic~, mowmobs aseTidanaSaulis sixSires. misi simkacre imaSi mdgomareobs, rom damnaSave ispoba

aramarto fizikurad, aramed suliTac, romlis xsna sruliad aRar SeiZleba (is

ver moxvdeba sasufevelSi). sikvdiliT dasja Sefardebuli iyo mefis RalatisaTvis(muxli 16), colis `dagdebisaTvis~ bralis gareSe (muxli 23), qristianuli

Cveulebis darRvevisaTvis, rogoric iyo rZlis colad SerTva, dawesebulia

SeCveneba, amasTanave, SesaZleblad sanqcirebulia orives, kacisa da qalis ̀ dakirva~(muxli 22). `samarTalSi~ sxvadasxva fizikuri sasjelebi gaTvaliswinebulia

sisxlis Semdegi danaSaulebebisaTvis: Zmisa da mamis mkvlelisaTvis xelis moWra

(muxli 4); udanaSaulod kacis mokvlisaTvis dawesebulia jarima - sisxlis fasimixedviT imisa, Tu romel wodebas ekuTvnis mokluli (muxli 5); aseve

dawesebulia jarima qurdobisaTvis (muxli 6)~ (Jurn. `gelaTis mecnierebaTaakademiis uwyebani~).214

èklesiebisa da monastrebis adgil-mamulebis dacvisaTvis ̀ samarTalSi Setanil-ia muxli, romlis Tanaxmad, vinc miiTvisebs saydris sofels, venaxs da a.S.

`SeCvenebul iyos~ (muxli 20); vinc eklesiaSi Seva da `saqonels~ gamoitans, man

unda daabrunos saqoneli da amis Camdeni ̀ daSavdes~ (aq igulisxmeba materialurian fizikuri sasjeli) (muxli 3)~.214

`sakaTalikoso kreba SeebrZola adgilebze episkoposisagan saeklesio wesebisdarRvevebs, rogoric iyo uRirsi mRvdlis da diakonis xeldasxma, amisaTvis

qrTamis aReba; rom episkoposebi TavianT samwysoSi drodadro ar dadian rjulis

saqmeebis mosawesrigeblad, saydars ar uvlian, ar zrunaven misTvis mamulebisSematebisaTvis; saydris ̀ SekazmisaTvis~ saWiro inventariT; zogierT saepiskoposoSi

ziarebas saero kacis xeliT agzavnian, an saero pirebi aziareben. yvela amdanaSaulisaTvis `samarTali~ awesebs episkoposis `SeCvenebas~ (muxlebi: 7, 8, 9,

10, 11); episkoposi, romelic ar gaigonebs kaTalikosis mxilebas mis danaSaulSi

da ar gamoswordeba, mefis mier gaiZeveba saydridan (muxli 15). (aqedan Cans,rom saepiskoposo kaTedras mRvdelmTavars aZlevs mefe da ara kaTalikosi).

212 iqve, gv. 57-58; 213 iqve, gv. 58; 214 i. doliZe , qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, 1963, gv. 391;Jurn . `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani~ #2; 1996 w. gv. 58.


qorepiskoposebi, romlebic ar asruleben TavianT movaleobas, sasjelad imsax-

ureben SeCvenebas (muxli 12). `samarTalSi~ ganmartebulia, rom Tu saero piriepiskoposs da qorepiskoposs xels SeuSlis samwyso saqmeebis gangebaSi, ̀ sasjelis~(gadasaxadis) aRebaSi `SeCvenebul ars~ (muxli 13, 14); `vinc kaTolikozsa daepiskoposs aginos da upatiuroba hkadros, rarigadac sjulis kanonSi eweros,imrigad ganipatiJos~ (muxli 17).215

`bolos, krebis ̀ samarTali~ sasjelad awesebs dakrulva-SeCvenebas imisaTvis, vinc

ar Seiwynarebs am `sjulis wigns~ da ar daemorCileba kaTolikoss (muxli 21)~.216

ùnda aRvniSnoT `samarTlis~ Tavisebureba, rac imaSi mdgomareobda, rom aqerTad aris ganxiluli saeroTa mier Cadenili danaSauli da sasulieroTa mimarTCadenili sxvadasxva danaSauli. aseve saeklesio pirTa mier Tanamdebobrivi dadisciplinaruli darRvevebi da maT mimarT Cadenili sxvadasxva danaSauli.sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, is faqti, rom ̀ samarTalSi~ erTadaa ganxiluli saeklesio

da saero xasiaTis danaSaulobebi Sesabamisi fizikuri da sasuliero sasjelebiT,miuTiTebs iseT Tvisebaze, rac qarTul samarTalSi Cveulebrivi ar aris~.216

b. lominaZe aRniSnavs, rom `gansaxilvel `samarTalSi~ aRniSnuli TaviseburebaSeniSna iurist-mkvlevarma niko xizaniSvilma (XIX s.). is wers: `samarTali~Seicavs, `saeklesios garda, zog danaSauls, romelic sisxlis samarTals Seexeba(mag., kaciskvla). magram faqtis axsnas, rasac avtori iqve iZleva, ver

daveTanxmebiT. misi azriT: `samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis `ganucalkevebloba~,rac `samarTals axasiaTebs, niSnavs ìuridiul azrovnebiTs ganuviTareblobas... dakidev imas, rom saqarTveloSi eklesia mowyobili iyo feodalurad, racgamoixateboda, rom is Tavis sabrZanebelSi arCevda yovelgvar danaSauls~. àmiTaixsneba~, dasZens avtori, rom samarTalSi `moipoveba iseTi zogierTi danaSauli,

romelic saeklesio kanons ar Seesabameboda~.216

`marTalia, eklesia Sua saukuneebSi ̀ mowyobili iyo feodalurad~, magram saqmeisaa, rom sasamarTlo saqmeebis aseTi ganuyoflobis sistema, romelic am`samarTalSi~ aris daculi, axasiaTebda saqarTveloSi mxolod, da isic nawilobriv,iseT zogierT saeklesio senioriebs (mag. samefo monastrebs _ SiomRvimes, gelaTsda mcxeTis sapatriarqos - sveticxovlis saydars mefis xeldebuls), romlebic sar-

geblobdnen sasamarTlo imunitetiT, rogorc sasisxlo (mag., qurdoba, mkvleloba...),ise rjulis saqmeebSi, magram mas ar hqonda ufleba gaerCia iseTi saqme, romelicsasjelis umaRles zomas _ sikvdils moiTxovda. es ukanaskneli mxolod mefissasamarTlos prerogativa iyo. saeklesio senioriis sasamarTlo, sadac msajulebad

da saqmis gamrCevad kaTalikosi, episkoposi, monastris winamZRoli an mTavard-iakoni (saerTod, eklesiis ufrosoba) gamodioda, ganaCenSi kmayofildebodadamnaSavis jarimiT (dazaralebulis sisxlis fasis mixedviT), amasTan erTad,sxvadasxva saxis sakanonos dadebiT, eklesiidan gaZevebiT da a.S. rac Seexeba imas,rom am `samarTalSi~ TiTqos Candes ìuridiuli azris ganuviTarebloba~

(saqmeebis `ganucalkeveblobis~ gamo), arc es aris misaRebi. piriqiT, qarTulmaiuridiulma azrovnebam aseTi tipis ̀ samarTliT~ monaxa gamosavali, rom arsebulsituaciaSi (romelSic qveyana am dros imyofeboda), saxelmwifosa da eklesiasmieRwiaT saerTo miznisaTvis - mZime danaSaulebaTa aRmofxvrisaTvis, rac erisarsebobas Zirs uTxrida~.217

215 i. doliZe, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, 1963, gv. 391; Jurn . `gelaTis mecnierebaTaakademiis uwyebani~ #2; 1996 w., gv . 58-59; 216 iqve, gv. 59; 217 Jur. `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiisuwyebani~, #2, 1996, gv. 59-60.


b. lominaZe aRniSnavs, `samarTlis~ kidev erT Taviseburebas: 12 mRvdelmTavris

mier SemuSavebul `samarTalSi~, sul 23 muxlidan, sasjelis umaRlesi zoma -

sikvdili sanqcirebulia danaSaulis xuT SemTxvevaSi; sxva saxis fizikuri sasjeliSefardebulia danaSaulis or-sam SemTxvevaSi (mkvlelobisaTvis, qurdobisaTvis...).

saerTod, damnaSavis fizikuri dasja qarTul marTlmadidebel eklesias da arcmsoflios sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiebs ar axasiaTebT. fizikuri sasjelebi

arsebobda dasavleT evropis romis kaTolikur eklesiaSi, sadac XIII s-Si daarsda

sagangebo saeklesio sasamarTlo inkviziciis saxiT (iarseba XVIII s-mde). inkviziciaarCevda mosaxleobaSi mxolod gavrcelebul mwvalebelTa (eretikosTa) saqmeebs.

eresSi SemCneul da msjavrdadebul pirovnebas usjida sikvdils cecxlSi dawviT,

wamebas, dapatimrebas da sxv.218

`samarTalSi~ SeCveneba (anaTema) gamoyenebulia 13 SemTxvevaSi. aqedan episkoposis

mimarT 6 SemTxvevaSi, saeros mimarT 7 SemTxvevaSi (sakanono mRvdlis mimarT3 SemTxvevaSi, saeros mimarT 2 SemTxvevaSi). SeCveneba iyo sulieri sasjelis

umaRlesi zoma. simkacriT is aRemateboda xorciel umaRles sasjels _ sikvdils,radgan is gulisxmobda sulis sikvdils (SeCvenebis Teologiuri arsi is aris, rom

SeCvenebulis suli xorcieli gardacvalebis Semdeg veRar moxvdeboda sasufevelSi,

qristes meored mosvlis Semdeg sayovelTao gankiTxvis dros misi sulidaemkvidreba jojoxeTSi... mis suls ver ixsnis veraviTari saSualeba: qvelmoqmedeba,

wirva-locva da a.S.), magram mainc aris gamosavali isev eklesiis meSveobiT:

kaTalikosma an episkoposma, romelmac misi suli `Sekra~, masve SeuZlia suliàxsnas~. episkoposis mimarT SeCvenebis sixSire mowmobs imas, rom saeklesio

danaSaulic Sors yofila wasuli. saerTod ki SeCvenebas umaRles sasjelTa Sorisukavia pirveli adgili, meorezea fizikuri sasjeli~.219

b. lominaZis azriT, àfxazeTis sakaTalikosos sinodis mier SemuSavebuli

kanonebi (e.w. `samarTali kaTalikosTa~) xasiaTdeba sasjelis simkacriT, `samarTal-Si~ sasjelis umaRles zomad gamoyenebulia sami saxis zoma: sikvdili, sikvdili

ùkanonod~ (mxolod ori saxis danaSaulisaTvis) da SeCveneba. es garemoebaTavisTavad mowmobs imas, rom mZime danaSauli xSiria (tyvis gayidva, eklesiis

gatexa-gaZarcva... da danaSaulebaTa siRrme imdenad sagangaSoa, rom am dros mefis

Zalaufleba sakmarisi ar aris maT mosaspobad, saWiro gamxdara eklesiisavtoriteti da misi qmediTi Careva, rac gamoixata swored amgvari `samarTlis~

SemuSavebaSi. aman, Tavis mxriv, aamaRla eklesiis roli saxelmwifoSi. amrigad,

aseTi `samarTali~ didi Sedegis momtani unda yofiliyo dasavleT saqarTvelossaero da saeklesio cxovrebis gasajansaReblad~.220

cnobili qarTveli samarTalmcodne da samarTlis Zeglebis gamomcemeli isidoredoliZe ixilavs saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTalsac.221

is. doliZis azriT, Sua saukuneebis saero samarTlis Zeglebze didi gavlenaiqonia kanonikurma samarTalma. sasuliero wodeba feodaluri sazogadoebis Zlier

Zalas warmoadgenda. eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebiT meore saxelmwifo iyo saxelmwi-foSi. igi farTo politikuri da uflebrivi SeuvalobiT sargeblobda, mas

damoukidebeli sasamarTlo iurisdiqcia hqonda. amave dros saero samarTlisa da

samoqalaqo cxovrebis mTeli rigi sakiTxebi kanonikuri samarTlis normebiT wesrigde-boda da saeklesio sasamarTloebis kompetencias Seadgenda. feodalur samarTalSi

218 Jur. `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani~, #2, 1996, gv. 60; 219 iqve, gv. 60-61; 220 iqve,gv. 61; 221 i. doliZe , Zveli qarTuli samarTali, Tb., 1953.


saeklesio dogmebi batonobdnen da samarTlis mecnierebac RvTismetyvelebis mTliani

batonobis qveS imyofeboda, mis dargad iTvleboda. samRvdeloebisa da RvTis-metyvelebis batonobam mTel sazogadoebaze gansazRvra saeklesio samarTlis didi

roli saero samarTlis normebisa da institutebis warmoqmnasa da CamoyalibebaSi.

qarTuli saero samarTlis mTeli rigi institutebi saeklesio samarTlidanmomdinareoben. saeklesio sasamarTloebis farTo iurisdiqcia xels uwyobda mis

gavlenas saero samarTalze. saero sasamarTloebis saqmeebis mTeli rigi winaTsaeklesio sasamarTloebs eqvemdebareboda. amasTan, saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT isgaremoeba, rom qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis `moqmedebis asparezi marto wminda

saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebiT ar ganisazRvreboda, aramed gacilebiT ufrofarTo daniSnuleba da sarbieli hqonda. eklesias saqarTveloSi Tavisi jari da

moxeleebi hyavda. qarTuli saeklesio samarTali marto eklesiis sarwmunoebrivsaqmianobas ki ar exeboda, aramed saxelmwifoebriv yofacxovrebasac. qarTul

eklesias saxelmwifoebrivi wyobilebis bevri damaxasiaTebeli niSani aqvs. akad. iv.javaxiSvilis azriT, eklesiis kanonikuri samarTali ufro romis kaTolikeTaeklesiis kanonikuri samarTlis krebuls, corpus iuris canonici-s miagavs, vidre

aRmosavleTis eklesiis, berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTlisas imgvaradve,rogorc qarTuli eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis

saSualo saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da rusTaeklesiebs. `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Sesaswavlad didi mniSvneloba metadreadgilobriv, qarTul saeklesio sjuldebas aqvs, magram msoflio eklesiis krebebis

dadgenilebani da berZnuli sjulis kanonic Zvirfasia mkvlevarTaTvis, jer erTiimitom, rom kanonmdeblobis es Zeglebic moqmed samarTlad iyvnen saqarTveloSi.

akad. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, `didi sjulis kanoni~ naTargmni unda iyos IX-X ss-Si, roca samcxisa da tao-klarjeT-SavSeTis qarTul samonastro centrebSi

samwerlobo moRvaweoba gaCaRda da bizantiis ganaTlebis umTavres savaneebTanmWidro sulieri kavSiri Seiqmna. es metad sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovani garemoebaabeqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wyaroebis Sesaswavlad da kerZod, im azris naTelsayofad,

rom samarTlis wignis erT-erT wyaros saeklesio samarTali warmoadgenda~.

is. doliZis azriT, beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis Sedgenamde bevri saeklesio krebaiqneboda albaT mowveuli, magram saeklesio sjulmdeblobas Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.

am mxriv gamonakliss warmoadgens ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis saeklesio kreba,romlis sakanonmdeblo moRvaweoba cnobilia CvenTvis ̀ Zeglis weris~ saxelwodebiT.

aRniSnuli saeklesio krebis ZiriTadi mizani, rogorc es `Zeglis weridan~ Cans,saeklesio wes-wyobilebis, samRvdelmsaxuro wesebisa da mrevlis zneobaTa daSecodebulebis ganxilva da mowesrigeba iyo, amitom aRniSnuli sjulmdeblobis

mniSvneloba gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis Seswavlisas.mniSvnelovania, agreTve, saeklesio krebis moxseneba da dadgenileba, romelic 1263-

65 wlebs Soris unda iyos Sedgenili. saeklesio krebis aRniSnuli dadgenilebaSeicavs debulebas saeklesio mamulebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mier sxvebze

gacemis Sesaxeb da amitom mas didi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos ekonomikuri dasocialuri istoriis Sesaswavlad. dadgenileba iZleva sayuradRebo cnobebssaxelmwifosa da eklesiis uflebrivi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. safiqrebelia, rom

orive saeklesio krebis zemoaRniSnul Zeglebs icnobdnen sjulmdeblebi beqa daaRbuRa da, SesaZloa, iTvaliswinebdnen maT samarTlis wignis Sedgenisas.

saeklesio samarTlis gavlena beqa-aRbuRas samarTalSi naTlad Cans samcxe-

saaTabagos mRvdelmTavris, mawyverelis uflebrivi mdgomareobidan. awyuris episko-


posis sasamarTlo iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sisxlisa

da samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi. mawyvereli aTabagTan erTad axorcielebs

umaRles sasamarTlo xelisuflebas. saaTabagos saqarTvelos samefosagan gandgomamdidi gavlena moaxdina mawyverelis damoukideblobasa da misi sasamarTlo

iurisdiqciis zrdaze. saaTabagoSi mawyvereli iseTive umaRlesi saeklesio Tanam-debobis piri iyo, rogoric kaTalikosi saqarTveloSi. Tu aTabagi saqarTvelos

mefes arafers ekiTxeboda, mawyverelic damoukidebeli iyo mcxeTis saeklesio

kaTedralisagan. samcxe-saaTabagoSi igi damoukideblad axorcielebda umaRlessaeklesio xelisuflebas da sjulmdeblobas. rogorc beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis

pirveli winasityvaobidan Cans, awyurisa da safaris eklesiebs sakuTari kanonmde-

blobac hqoniaT, romelic `Cuen ganaRamca agreve davamtkiceTo~, ambobs aRbuRa,awyursa da safaris kanonmdeblobaze miTiTeba cxadyofs saaTabagoSi mawyverelis

umaRlessa da damoukidebel uflebriv mdgomareobas. Tu saeklesio saqmeebSimawyvereli uzenaesi piria, saero samarTlis saqmeebSi is aTabagis Tanasworia,

masTan erTad axorcielebs umaRles marTlmsajulebas.

is. doliZe wers: beqas samarTlis winasityvaobaSi aRbuRa didi mokrZalebiT

aRniSnavs, rom samarTlis wigni SevadgineT mawyverelisa da samcxe-saaTabagos

episkoposTa da meudabnoeTa moweseTa monawileobiT; kanonis Sedgena romganvizraxeT, yvelaferi `movaxseneT patiosansa mawyverelsa~ da `mindobilni

RmrTisani da awyurisa RmrTismSoblisani~ SevudeqiT ganaCenis daweraso.

beqas samarTlis wignis I muxlis mixedviT, roca didebulis mier didebulis

mokvlis SemTxvevaSi `patronisa jayelisa da mawyverelisa kacni~ damnaSaves

adgilze miuswreben, mas aRar aqvs ufleba dazaralebuls kidev sxva zianimiayenos da, Tu mas Semdegac emateba `patronisa da mawyverelis patiji

gadaixadoso~. `patiji~ gansakuTrebuli jarima iyo aTabagisa da mawyverelis

pativis SelaxvisaTvis. Tu damnaSave sisxlisa da patiJis daurvebas ver SeZlebs,gaZevebul unda iqnes da misi `mamuli patronsa aqundes - jayelsa da

mawyuerelsao~.. aseTive mdgomareobas aqvs adgili aznauris mier aznauris mokvlisSemTxvevaSic. Tu damnaSave kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul sazRaurs ver gadaixdis, igi

unda gadaixvewos da misi mamuli patronsa da mawyverels unda gadaeces, rogorc

sasamarTlo xelisuflebis umaRles warmomadgenlebs. Zmam Tu Zma an axlo naTesavimokla, saqme aTabagsa da mawyverels unda moxsendes, radgan aseTi danaSauli

`saRmrTod bralia da sakanono askeci~. damnaSaves Cveulebriv sasjels garda

saeklesio sasjelic unda daedos - èpiskopozman misi wesi icis, raca marTebs,man uyoso~. damnaSave unda gadaixvewos, misi mamuli aTabagsa da mawyverels unda

gadaeces. damnaSavis saqme, romelic Tavs daesxa sasaflaos, gatexa an Seuracxyoeklesia, episkoposma unda ganixilos, rogorc umaRlesma mosamarTlem, da iseTi

sasjeli daados, rasac saWirod dainaxavs (`qristes sisxlis pativsa mcnebulTa viTa

uyvars, egeTi patiJi dauurvebinon~), radgan aseTi mZime danaSaulisaTvis sasjelisgansazRvra SeuZlebeliao. aTabagTan erTad mawyverlis sasamarTlo kompetencias

Seadgenda mZime saxelmwifo danaSauli, romelic cnobilia beqa-aRbuRas samarTalSi

`Ralatis~ saxelwodebiT. Tu aTabagis mfarvelobaSi myofi kaci, vasali, anu`mindobili kaci~ RalatiT vinmes cixesa da saxl-kars waarTmevs, misi saqme

aTabagTan erTad mawyverelsac unda moxsendes (`patronma da mawyverelman cnas~).amrigad, mawyvereli aTabagTan erTad umaRlesi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmo-

madgenelia. isini ganixilaven sisxlis samarTlis mZime danaSaulTa saqmeebs

(mkvlelobas, Tavdasxmas, Ralatsa da sxv.). aTabagi, rogorc umaRlesi saero


xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli, da mawyvereli, rogorc umaRlesi sasuliero

xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli, erTdroulad da Tanasworad axorcieleben sasamarT-lo xelisuflebas zemoaRniSnuli saqmeebis gamo. aTabagisa da mawyverlis

sasamarTlo xelisufleba SeerTebulia da mas sisxlis samarTlis dargSi SereulixasiaTi aqvs. magram mawyverels amasTan erTad Tavis samwysoSi calke damoukide-beli saeklesio iurisdiqcia aqvs. sulisa da eklesiis saqme mxolod mas exeboda

da aTabagi mis uflebebSi ver Caereoda. saojaxo samarTlis dargic xommawyverlis iurisdiqcias Seadgenda. qorwinebisa da ojaxis saqme mawyverels

ekiTxvis. Tu kaci gvariTa da RirsebiT masze ufro sapatio cols gascildeba,sisxli Tavisi gvaris mixedviT unda dauurvos, radgan `macxovarman dawyevasaSigan esreT rqva: qmrisamca Senisa mimarT ars moqceva Senio~. es aris norma,

romelic daamkvidra saeklesio samarTalma saojaxo samarTlis dargSi.

is. doliZis azriT, memkvidreobiT samarTalSic cxadad igrZnoboda saeklesio

samarTlis gavlena. anderZiT memkvidreobis iuridiul Zalas mxars uWers damtkices xdis eklesia. anderZi samkvidros damtoveblis gardacvalebis Semdeg arismtkice da namdvili, sicocxleSi ki samkvidros damtovebels misi gauqmebac

SeuZlia da ZalaSi datovebac. es wesi `ganbrZnobili ars wmidaTa mamaTagansjulTa samoZRvreblad, ebistoleTaca Sigan esreT weril ars amisTanasa saqmesa

Sigan kacTagan Sesvlaze, qveqceva mal SeuZlebel ars da nuvin xelhyofso~. eseckanonikuri samarTlidan Sesuli wesia beqas samarTalSi. msxvil feodalsa da misvasals Soris rom raime dava wamoiWreba, saqme sasamarTlom miudgomel da

piruTvnel kacTa monawileobiT unda gadawyvitos da Searigos modave mxareebi,radgan `caTa da qveynisa Semoqmedsaca ezom undosa adamiansa Sua dasxmulni

moZRvarni da mecnierni kacni Seazavebeno~, naTqvamia aRbuRas samarTalSi.maSasadame, saeklesio samarTali sasamarTlo warmoebis sakiTxebzedac avrcelebs

Tavis gavlenas. marTlmsajulebas RvTaebrivi Zala aqvs. mosamarTle RvTis moSiSida sulis saqmis pativis mcnebeli unda iyos. angareba da sixarbe RvTisganmarisxebeli saqmea da mosamarTle angarebiT saqmes nuravis daumtkicebso. èse

sityva wmidaTa mamaTa ars, Tu - sixarbe bunebiT mxedvelobisa kapi ariso dayoveli avi RmrTisa da kacTa ganmarisxebeli saqme mas zeda Camokidebuli ariso~,

ambobs aTabagi aRbuRa.

is. doliZe aRniSnavs - saeklesio samarTlis Zala da avtoriteti gamoyeneb-ulia valdebulebiTi samarTlis dargSic. es gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans sesxis

xelSekrulebis pirobebidan. aRbuRas samarTali valis xelSekrulebis dros krZalavs`didi sargeblis~ aRebas. Tu kreditorma didi procenti aiRos msesxeblisagan,arakanonieria da unda daubrunos, radgan àngareba Tavad codvad weres sjulis

moZRvarTa kacTa wmidaTa~ da `vaxSis sidide ganmarisxebelia RmrTisao~.

erT adgilas beqa moses kanonmdeblobasac imowmebs. roca Zmebi gaiyofiansamemkvidreo qonebis zedmeti wili - `sauxuceso~, - romelic winaparTa

pativiscemisa da sulis mosaxseneblad iyo gankuTvnili, ufros Zmas eZleva. amwess ̀ TviT moses piriTa dambadebeli ̀ dabadebasa~ Sigan daswers~, romelic Znelad

moiSlebiso. amrigad, beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis mTeli rigi muxlebi Seicavensaeklesio samarTlis wesebsa da debulebebs. gansakuTrebiT es gavlena, rogorc

davinaxeT, igrZnoba samarTlis wignis im normebSi, romlebic awesrigebensamoqalaqo, saojaxo da memkvidreobiT urTierTobas da agreTve sasamarTlowarmoebasac. zemoaRniSnulidan savsebiT gasagebia samcxe-saaTabagos episkoposis -

mawyverelis - farTo ufleba-mosileba saero iurisdiqciis dargSi.


is. doliZis azriT, scdeboda n. urbneli, romelic fiqrobda, rom beqa-

aRbuRas kanonebis boloSi darTuli 102-e da 103-e muxli, romlebSic laparakia

mefisa da episkoposis urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb, samarTlis wignis organ-

ul nawils warmoadgenda da aqedan im araswor daskvnas akeTebda, rom TiTqos

aRniSnuli muxlebi gamoxatavdnen aTabagisa da mawyverlis uflebriv mdgomar-

eobas. mawyvereli `zogs SemTxvevaSi Tavis saero uflebiT aTabagsac ki

aRemateba... aTabags raRa ufleba hqonda episkopozzed? - araferi... aTabags xom

`mefe~ ar eTqmoda, `mefed~ moxsenebulia mxolod episkopozi da es saxelwodeba

cxadad amtkicebs mis upiratesobaso.222

is. doliZe mcdarad miiCnevs agreTve n. urbnelis azrs saaTabagos sasuliero

wodebis privilegiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. raki 98-e muxlis Semdgomi muxlebi

beqa-aRbuRas samarTlad miiCnia, n. urbnelma daxata saaTabagos sasuliero wodebis

ierarqiuli struqtura. zemoaRniSnul muxlebSi sasuliero wodebis pirTaTvis

gaakeTa, rom sasuliero wodebas didi upiratesoba hqonda saero xelisuflebasTan

SedarebiTo. aseTi mdgomareoba urbnelis azriT imiT aixsneba, rom `saaTabagoSi

aRorZinda bizantiis ukiduresi orTodoqsuli moZRvreba, romelsac sulsa da

saRmrTo saqmeTa garda sxva araferi swamda. aseTma mimarTulebam metad ganadida

sasuliero wodeba da mTeli eris grZnoba am wodebas daumorCila.223

is. doliZe daaskvnis: sinamdvileSi zemoaRniSnuli muxlebi ar Seicaven

saaTabagos sasuliero wodebis uflebriv mdgomareobas, ar Seadgenen beqa-aRbuRas

samarTlis nawils da gamoxataven XI s-is gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos suraTs, roca

samRvdeloebas maRla eWira Tavi.

TavianT SromebSi saeklesio samarTals tendenciurad ixilavdnen qarTveli

sabWoTa samarTalmcodneebic. sabWoTa samarTlis mixedviT, `masebis motyuebis,

brZolisunarianobis modunebis da, saerTod, ideologiuri daTrgunvis erT-erT

mniSvnelovan iaraRs burJuaziul wes-wyobilebaSic warmoadgens iseTi reaqciuli

organizacia, rogoricaa eklesia~.224

giorgi inwkirveli exeba kanonikur samarTalsac: `feodalizmis epoqaSi,

eklesiis rolisa da mdgomareobis Sesabamisad, didi mniSvneloba hqonda, agreTve,

saeklesio samarTlis normebs, e.w. kanonikur samarTals. specialuri saeklesio

sasamarTloebic ki arsebobda, romlebic ganixilavdnen ara marto sasuliero

pirebis, aramed saero pirebis saqmeebsac, rac Seexeba saqorwino da saojaxo sakiTxebs,

maTi mowesrigeba TiTqmis mTlianad saeklesio samarTlis normebis mixedviT xdeboda.

amis Sesaxeb f. engelsi werda: ̀ eklesiis dogmebi amave dros politikur aqsiomadac

iqca da bibliis teqstebma yovel sasamarTloSi kanonis Zala miiRo~.225

qarTuli samarTlis istoriis calkeuli sakiTxebi ganxiluli aqvs m. broses

(`saqarTvelos istoria, naw. 1-2, Targmani s. RoRoberiZisa~, tf. 1895-1900), p.

ioselians (Rhfnrfz bcnjhbz Uhepbycrjq Wthrdb^ CG<& 1843), e. TayaiSvils (`rCeuli

nawarmoebebi~, t. 1, 1968), s. kakabaZes (`saistorio Ziebani~, tf. 1924, `sasisxlo

sigelebis Sesaxeb~, tf., 1924, saqarTvelos istoria (1500-1810), tf., 1922, ̀ saqarTvelos

istoria 1819 wlidan~, Tb., 1994). e. xaxanaSvils ((Ljgjkytybt r uhepbycrbv rfnfkbrjcjd-

bv pfrjyfv)), mix. TarxniSvils sxvadasxva SromaSi (m. TarxniSvili, werilebi,

222 n. urbneli, aTabagi beqa da aRbuRa da maTi samarTali, gv. 7; 223 iqve, gv. 83; 224 g. inwkirveli,saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria, saxelmZRvanelo iuridiuli fakultetis studentebisaTvis,mexuTe gamocema, Tb . 1979, gv. 121; 225 iqve, gv. 111.


226 samarTali batoniSvilisa daviTisa~, d. furcelaZis gamocema, Tb. , 1964; `vaxtang VI, samarTliswigni, T. e nuqiZis gamoc. Tb. 1955; `samarTali vaxtang mee qvsisa~ i. doliZis gamocema, Tb. 1981;`qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~, i. doliZis gamoc. t. I-VIII, Tb. 1963-74; `berZnuli samarTalivaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulidan~, T . bregvaZis gamocema, Tb. 1964; `samarTali somxuri,qarTuli versia, Sesrulebuli vaxtang VI-is brZan ebiT~ gamosca l. meliqseTbegma; `qarTuliZeglebi, kanonmdebloba~, #2, t. tf. 1927. agreTve “Çàêîíû Âàõòàíãà VI”. èçä. Ä.Ë. Ïóðöåëàäçå, ÒÁ,1980; Ñáîðíèê çàêîíîâ ãðóçèíñêîãî öàðÿ Âàõòàíãà VI, èçä. À.Ñ. Ôðåíêåëÿ, ïîä. ðåä. Ä.Ç. Áàêðàäçå,ÒÔË. 1887; Karzt J., Gode du roi Vakhtang VI, Strasbourg, 1934-37. g. kekelia, bagratis samarTali,1984; 227 Ì.Ý. Ïîñíîâ, Èñòîðèÿ Õðèñòèàíñêîé Öåðêâè, Áðþññåëü, 1964; À. Êàðòàøåâ, Âñåëåíñêèå ñîáîðû,Ïàðèæ, 1963; Ôèëàðåò, Ìèòðîïîëèò, Ïðîñòðàííûé Õðèñòèàíñêèé Êàòåõèçèñ, Âàðøàâà, 1931; ÊîðêóíîâÍ.Ì. Ëåêöèè ïî îáùåé òåîðèè ïðàâà, ÑÏÁ, 1908; Òðóáåöêîé Å.Í. Ëåêöèè ïî ýíöèêëîïåäèè ïðàâà, Ì.1913; Äèãåñòè Þñòèíèàíà, Ì. 1984; Ñóâîðîâ Í. Ó÷åáíèê öåðêîâíîãî ïðàâà, Ì. 1913; Íèêîäèì, ÅïèñêîïÄàëìàòèíñêèé, Ïðàâîñëàâíîå öåðêîâíîå ïðàâî, ÑÏÁ, 1897; Ìàòôåé Âëàñòàðü, Àëôàâèòíàÿ ñèíòàãìà,Ñèìôåðîïîëü, 1901; Migne, Patrologia Greaca (mravaltomeuli); Migne, Patrologia Latina (mravaltomeuli);Ïåòð (Ëþëüå), Åïèñêîï Íüþ-èîðñêèé, Äèñöèïëèíàðíûå òðóäû ïåðâûõ ÷åòûðåõ Âñåëåíñêèõ ñîáîðîâ,1980; Êàçàíñêèé Ïåòð, Èñòîðèÿ Ïðàâîñëàâíîãî ìîíàøåñòâà íà âîñòîêå, ÷.1.1954; Ãèäóëÿíîâ Ï.Â.Âîñòî÷íûå ïàòðèàðõè â ïåðèîä ÷åòûðåõ âñåëåíñêèõ ñîáîðîâ, ßðîñëàâëü, 1908; Áåðäíèêîâ È.Ñ. Êðàòêèéêóðñ Öåðêîâíîãî ïðàâà, Êàçàíü, 1888; Ïàâëîâ È.Ñ. Êóðñ öåðêîâíîãî ïðàâà, Ñâ. Òðîèöå Ñåðãååâà Ëàâðà,1902; Ïàâëîâ À.Ñ. Íîìîêàíîí ïðè áîëüøîì Òðåáíèêå; Maxime des Sardes, Metropolite, Le Patriarcatoecumenique dans L’Eglise orthodoxe, Paris, 1975; Çàîçåðñêèé Í. Î öåðêîâíîé âëàñòè, Ñåðãååâ Ïîñàä,1894; Ïðàâèëà Ñâÿòûõ Àïîñòîë, Ñâÿòûõ Ñîáîðîâ Âñåëåíñêèõ è Ïîìåñòíûõ Îòöîâ ñ òîëüêîâàíÿìè, Ì.1912; Ñîêîëîâ, Èç ëåêöèè ïî öåðêîâíîìó ïðàâó; À. Ëåáåäåâ, Âñåëåíñêèå ñîáîðû, ò. III. 1896; IV 1904;Ôèëàðåò, Àðõèåïèñêîï, Ïðàâîñëàâíîå äîãìàòè÷åñêîå áîãîñëîâèå, 1882; Áîëîòîâ Â.Â. Èç èñòîðèè öåðêâèÑèðî-Ïåðñèäñêîé ((Õðèñò.÷ò.) 1899, 1900); Òðîèöêèé È.Å. Èçëîæåíèå âåðû Öåðêâè àðìÿíñêîé, Ñ.Ï.Á.1875; Ñàáèíèí Ì, Èñòîðèÿ Ãðóçèíñêîé Öåðêâè äî VI âåêà, ÑÏÁ, 1877; Äæàâàõîâ, Ïðîïîâåäíè÷åñêàÿäåÿòåëüíîñòü Àï. Àíäðåÿ è ñâ. Íèíè â Ãðóçèè; 1901, Ìàðð Í.ß. Èñòîðèÿ Ãðóçèè, ÑÏÁ, 1906.

Tb., 1994). ucxoel avtorebs - maqsime kovalskis (Pfrjy b j,bxfq yf Rfdrfpf^ 1886),

v. sokolskis, vl. beneSeviCs (D& Cjrjkcrbb (Uhtrj-hbvcrjt ghfdj d ekj;tybb uhepby-

crjuj wfhz Df[nfyuf VI (:ehy& vby& yfh& ghjcd& 1897^ IX^ c & 56^ 93) $ Dk& <tytitdbx^

(Uhepbycrbq Dtkbrbq Yjvjrfyjy gj cgbcrfv N,bkbccrjuj wthrjdyjuj veptz ({hbcnbfycr&

Dtcnybr^ I^ II^ c& 350^ 351) da sxv.

CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad miviCnieT saeklesio samarTlis sferoSi

CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi bolo naSromi rusuli samarTlis istoriisa, esaa D&F&

Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ V&^ 1994& am Sromas a. kartaSevisa da m. posnovis

zemoaRniSnul SromebTan erTad, kritikulad viyenebT Cveni naSromis pirveli

nawilis Sesaval TavSi.226 saeklesio samarTali kargadaa Seswavlili rusi saeklesiosamarTalmcodneebis mier.227


`saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebSi~ Sevida 15 sakanonmdeblo da 21 mimdinarekreba (IV-XVIII ss.), am krebaTagan zogierTma gamosca sakanonmdeblo samarTlebriviaqti, romelTac epoqaTa Sesabamisad ewodebaT `Zegliswera~, `Zeglis dadeba~,`samarTali~, `mcnebaY sasjuloY~, `kanonni~, `xeliTwerili~, `dawerili~, `ganCine-ba~, `sigeli~, `moxseneba~, `sakanonos wigni~ da sxv. saeklesio krebebis miergamocemuli samarTlis Zeglebi Tan erTvis naSromis Sesabamis paragrafs.

1. ruis-urbnisis krebis teqsti daibeWda i. doliZis `qarTuli samarTlisZeglebi~ III tomidan. i. doliZe, rogorc cnobilia, iyo qarTuli saeklesiosamarTlis wyaroebis udidesi mcodne XX s-Si. mas ruis-urbnisis krebis teqstidabeWdili aqvs ori uZvelesi nusxis A-76 da Rt, VI, N5 (III)-is mixedviT. yofili`saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerTa fondis~ (A), amJamad ki xelnawerTa institutisfondSi daculi A-76 warmoadgens krebuls, dawerilia qaRaldze XII s-is nusxiT.masSi ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweras 238-248 gverdebi uWiravs.

amave A-76 nusxas iyenebs e. gabiZaSvili `didi sjulis-kanonis~ 1975 wliskritikulad dadgenil teqstSi. qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis aRniSnulimniSvnelovani Zegli (`Zegliswera~) gamocemuli i. doliZisa da e. gabiZaSvilismier Cvens mier Sepirispirebulia erTmaneTTan, amis gamo teqstSi muxlebi davyaviTe. gabiZaSvilis dayofis mixedviT.

2. `Zeglis dadebis~ teqsti (mefe giorgi brwyinvalis droindeli Zegli)ibeWdeba i. doliZis gamocemis228 mixedviT, romelsac safuZvlad udevs xelnaweriS3683. teqsti Sepirispirebulia e. TayaiSvilis mier aRmoCenil XVII s-isxelnawerTan (H3094).

3. beqas da aRbuRas samarTali, bagrat kurapalatis, e.w. `kanonikurisamarTlis~ muxlebi, `samarTali kaTalikozTa~, `vaxtangis samarTlis~ muxlebiibeWdeba i. doliZis gamocemis mixedviT,228 romelic eyrdnoba TviT vaxtang VI-is mier naredaqtirev xelnawers (S3683).

4. ̀ mcnebaY sasjuloY~ ibeWdeba i. doliZis229 mixedviT. eyrdnoba or xelnawers:cssa f. 1448, sab. #5020, dedani da xelnawerTa institutis Sd 2920 piri.

5. `ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro wesis da rigis Taobaze~ ibeWdebai. doliZis229 mixedviT. eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad340.

6. `kanoni~ 1748 w. krebisa, ibeWdeba i. doliZis229 mixedviT. eyrdnobaxelnawerTa institutis Q412 krebuls. sabuTs krebulis 1-8 gverdebi uWiravs.krebuli gadawerilia 1755 w.

7. `xelwerili~ imereTis 1759 w. krebisa. ibeWdeba T. Jordanias qronikebis IIItomidan (1967 w.).

8. dadgenileba saeklesio krebisa (1762 w.) ibeWdeba i. doliZis229 mixedviT.eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad856; `mcneba mRudelTaTvis~ i. doliZisqsZ t. III. xelnawerTa institutis A317 krebuls; maqsime kaTalikosismcnebani~, cssa f. 1448.

saeklesio samarTlis werilobiTi wyaroebis Sesaxeb

228 `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~, t I, 1963; 229 `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis~, t. III, 1970.


9. sigeli bagrat mefisa opizar mijnaZorel mamebisadmi (quTaisis saeklesiokreba 1058) ibeWdeba `qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi~-s230 mixedviT.eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Sd1201 etrats.

10 ̀ saqarTvelos eklesiis Seuvalobis ganaxlebis sigeli giorgi III-sa~ (TbilisisI saeklesio kreba, 1178) ibeWdeba i. doliZis qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis~ (t.II, 1965) mixedviT, esaa xelnawerTa institutis Ad15 dedani, etrati pirveladgamosca T. Jordaniam (qronikebi I).

11. dawerili etifane kaTalikosisa ànel xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb~(anisis Sekreba, 1218), ibeWdeba i. doliZis `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis~ (t. III,1970) mixedviT. teqsti gadmobeWdilia n. maris gamocemidan Bpdtcnbz Bvgthfnjh-crjq Frfltvbb Yfer^ 1910^ c& 1473-1439&

12. ganCineba saeklesio krebisa `SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb~ (SiomRvimissaeklesio kreba XIII s-is 40-iani wlebi), ibeWdeba i. doliZis229 mixedviT.xelnaweri dakargulia, gamoqveynebulia T. Jordanias mier (SiomRvimis sabuTebi, gv.50-52).

13. moxseneba saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa mefisadmi (mcxeTis saeklesio kreba1263). ibeWdeba qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi I (IX-XIII ss) mixedviT,romelic eyrdnoba saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio arqivis (cssa 1448-6501)xelnawers.

14. samTavisis samwysos sakanonos wigni grigol samTavnelisadmi (samTavisissaeklesio kreba, 1459), ibeWdeba i. doliZis `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~ (t. III.1970), eyrdoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad559 da Ad604 xelnawerebs. daTariRebu-lia i. doliZis mier.

15. `debulebebi~ gadmoRebulia Semowmebuli egzempliarebidan _

a) `debulebani, miRebuli saqarTvelos 1917 wlis saeklesio krebaze~, tfilisi,stamba `cxovreba~, gabaanT Sesaxvevi, N4, 1917 w;

b) `saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba~, 1920;

g) `debuleba saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis~, tfilisi, 1928;

d) `debuleba saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis~, 1945 w. (amegzempliarSi orTografiuli Secdomebi gasworebulia k.p. kalistrates mier);

e) `saqarTvelos avtokefaluri, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisdebuleba~, mcxeTa, sveticxoveli, 1995.

230 qarT. ist. sab. korpusi, Seadgines da gamosacemad moamzades T. e nuqiZ em, v. silagavam, n.SoSiaSvilma, Tb. 1984, gv . 32


saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi

n a w i l i p i r v e l i



saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis

wyaroebi mTlianad aris gamomavali msof-

lio e kle si is sam arTlis s aer To

wyarodan, amitomac zogadad SevexebiT

maT. movitanT vrcel amonaridebs uka-

nasknel dros gamocemuli qarTuli da

rusuli saeklesio literaturidan. sa-

marTlis wyaroebs yofen or mTavar jg-

ufad: pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da

institutebi, romelTac Seqmnes samarT-

lis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens do-

kumentebsa da Zeglebs, romlebSic gad-

mocemulia aRniSnuli normebi.

axali aRTqmis, anu qristianuli ek-

lesiis samarTali efuZneba eklesiis mow-

yobis da saeklesio wesrigis SenarCunebis

Sesaxeb wmida werilSi gadmocemul ieso

qristes swavlebas.

qristes mcnebebi warmoadgens eklesi-

is swavlebisa da cxovrebis qvakuTxeds.

ufalma daadgina saeklesio naTlobis

saidumlo (mT. 28, 19), evqaristiis sai-

dumlo (luka 22, 19), sinanulis said-

umlo da mociqulTa mier codvaTa axs-

nis ufleba (mT. 18, 18), macxovarma mi-

aniWa samRvdeloebas ufleba ecxovra sam-

wysos xarjiT (luka 10, 7). qristem

daawesa swavleba qorwinebis Sesaxeb (mT.

19, 5-6,9), mianiWa ufleba eklesias mo-

samarTleobisa Semcode Zmebis mimarT (mT.

18, 15-17), dagvitova mcneba saxelmwifo

xelisuflebasTan Cveni damokidebuleb-

is Sesaxeb (mT. 22, 21).

qristes mcnebaTa garda, saeklesio

samarTlis wyaroa agreTve mociqulTa

nawerebi, gadmocemulni wmida werilSi

(mociqulTagan ki miiRes eklesiis mameb-

ma): episkoposTa da diakonTa Sesaxeb

samarTlebrivi mcnebebi da dadgenilebe-

bi (I tim. 3, 1-13), wesi Tu rogori

saxis unda iyos samRvdeloeba (tites

mimarT epistole, agreTve I tim. 3, 2-

7). morwmuneTa valdebuleba daemorCilon

mwyemss (ebr. 13, 17). saeklesio Temis

valdebuleba mwyemsis arCevisa (I kor.

9, 13-14). swavleba qorwinebis Sesaxeb

Tavi pirveli

msoflio saeklesio kanonebi, krebulebi da ganmartebani


(kolas. 3, 18-21; I petr 3, 1-2; I kor.

7, 10-13; I kor. 7, 40). zeTis cxebis

Sesaxeb (iak. 5, 14-15), SemcodeTa mima-

rT mopyrobis Sesaxeb (II efes. 3, 6),

mociqulTa mier mocemulia wesi sasuli-

ero piris mimarT saCivris miRebisa (I

tim. 5, 19), saxelmwifo xelisufle-

basTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb (rom. 13, 1-

7), sxva sarwmunoebis pirTan damokide-

bulebis Sesaxeb (I kor. 5, 9-10, 12-13).

pirvelwyaros saeklesio samarTlisa

warmoadgens saRvTo mcnebebi. isini war-

moadgens saZirkvels saeklesio mowyo-

bisa da saxelmZRvanelos eklesiisaTvis.

maTi daxmarebiT aRasrulebs eklesia

Tavis misias _ xsn isa. es mcn ebebi,

rogorc iTqva, mocemulia wmida weril-

Si. eklesias dadgenili aqvs Zveli da

axali aRTqmis wmida wignebis nusxa.

qristianebisaTvis savaldebuloa moses

mier mocemuli RvTis aTi mcneba. sruli

Zala SeinarCuna, agreTve, sisxlis-aR-

reviTi qorwinebis ZvelaRTqmiseulma

akrZalvam. rogorc aRiniSna, eklesii-

saTv is sayov elTaod sav aldebuloa

qristes mcnebaTa dacva, axali aRTqma

saeklesio samarTlis umTavresi wyaroa,

eklesiis wmida mamebma, romelTa goneba

ganaTlebuli iyo suli wmidis madliT,

mogvces wmida werilis anu RvTis si-

tyvis ganmarteba. amitomac mamaTa swav-

leba _ eklesiis swavlebaa. uflis mier

uwyebuli saRmrTo da wmida werili unda

ganimartos ara ne bismierad, aramed

rogorc ganmarta igi wmida eklesiam da

icavs Tavis mier gamocemuli kanonebiT.

saeklesio samarTali, romlis mixedvi-

Tac aris mowyobili saeklesio cxovre-

ba, warmoadgens kanonebis sistematur gad-

mocemas. kanoni _ saeklesio cxovrebis

wesia, disciplinaruli dadgenilebebi mo-

ciqulebisa, krebebisa da wmida mamebisa.

saeklesio samarTlis Cvenamde moRweu-

li uZvelesi wyaroa `swavleba 12 mo-

ciqulisa (`didaqe~). ekuTvnis I da II ss-

Ta mijnas. masSi ar moixseniebian mRvdle-

bi (presviterebi), saubaria mxolod episko-

posebsa da diakvnebze, mogzaur mociqule-

bze, winaswarmetyvelebsa da maswavleble-

bze . amJamad, kopturi da eTiopuri ek-

lesiebis samarTalSi gamoiyeneba III s-is

egvipteSi Sedgenili krebuli `wmida mo-

ciqulebis saeklesio kanonebi~. III s-Sive

gamoCnda `didaskalia~ (mociqulTa dari-

geb a) , sxvaa `mociqulTa dadge nileb a~ ,

romelic gamoCnda III s-is dasasrulsa da

IV s-is dasawyisSi, romelsac, amJamad,

eklesiaSi ar aqvs iuridiuli Zala, samag-

ierod, amJamad, marTlmadidebeli eklesi-

is kanonikuri kodeqsi, miRebuli mociqul-

Ta mier ierusalimis 45 wlis krebaze,

gamoCnda IV s-Si. esaa `mociqulTa kanon-

ebi~, is ZvelTaganve miCneulia mociqul-

Ta gadmocemis nawilad. marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis kanonikur kodeqsSi Sevida sami

wmida mamis - wm . dionises, wm . petre

aleqsandrielisa da grigol neokesariel

saswaulmoqmedis kanonebi.

nikeamdel epoqaSi qristianuli Teme-

bi episkoposTa mier imarTebodnen wmida

werilSi gadmocemuli da mociqulTa mier

dadgenili normebiT. eklesiis erToba mi-

iRweoda saeklesio Temebs Soris cocxa-

li urTierTobiT. sarwmunoebrivi erTo-

bis miuxedavad, zogierT Tems hqonda Tavi-

si saRvTismsaxuro gansxvavebuloba da gan-

sakuTrebuli samarTlis normebi. gauge-

brobisa da sadavo sakiTxebis aRmosafx-

vrelad saeklesio Temebis warmomadgen-

lebi iwvevdnen saeklesio krebebs. miRe-

buli krebis gansazRvrebebs mrgvlivmo-

savleli epistoles saxiT ugzavnidnen

im eklesiasac, romelTa warmomadgenlebic

am krebaSi ar monawileobdnen . epistolee-

bi exeboda, ZiriTadad, saeklesio-sakanon-

mdeblo sakiTxebs. zogierTi kanonikuri

epistole iRebda savaldebulo iuridi-

ul saxes da iqceoda saerTo saeklesio

samarTlis wyarod.


msoflio saeklesio krebebi da maTi kanonebi

I msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveuliqna q. nikeaSi, 325 wels, romis impera-

toris - konstantine I didis (306-337)

sagangebo brZanebiT da am krebasTan dakav-

Sirebuli yvela xarjic Tavad imperator-

ma gaiRo. `krebis ZiriTadi mizani iyo ofi-

cialuri dadgenilebis gamotana, qristiano-

bis, rogorc saxelmwifoebrivad aRiare-

buli sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb, romelic Tavisi

arse bo b is p irv eli xan eb idan IV s-is

dasawyisSic ki mkacrad idevneboda da,

amasTan, ganxilva im umTavresi dogmatikur-

kanonikuri da ierarqiul-administraciu-

li sakiTxebisa, romlebic im xanebSi er-

Tob mwvaved ismoda da romelTa mogvare-

ba-mowesrigeba niSnavda qristianobis ukve,

rogorc saxelmwifo religiis Zlierebasa

da mis Semdgom ganviTarebas mTel saqris-

tiano m soflioSi . kre bas eswr ebodnen

rogorc romis imperiaSi Semaval qris-

tianul organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebi

(ZiriTadad, episkoposebi), aseve mis far-

glebs gareT arsebul, sxva saxelmwifoTa

qristianul organizaciaTa warmomadgen-

lebic. krebaze monawileoba miiRo 300-mde

episkoposma da dabali xarisxis warmomad-

genelma. krebas eswreboda sul 318 mama.

kreba, romelic evstaTi antioqielis

TavmjdomareobiT grZeldeboda or-naxevar

Tves, 19 ivnisidan 25 agvistomde, mim-

dinareobda eklesiis sasaxlis erT-erT

palataSi. krebaze nebadarTuli iyo saero

pirebis daswrebac da darbazSi zogjer

2000-mde kaci iyrida Tavs. darbazis ir-

gvliv idga savarZlebi episkoposebisaTvis,

xolo SuaSi ki magidaze esvena saRmrTo

werili (biblia). imperatori konstantine

T av ad e swr e boda xolm e sxdo m eb s da

zogjer maT sityviTac xsnida.

krebis ganxilvis erT-erT umTavres

sakiTxs warmoadgenda ariozis mwvalebluri

azris uaryofa - ieso qristes araRv-

Taebriobis Sesaxeb. ariozi daJinebiT icav-

da Tavis crumoZRvrebas da, ambobda, rom

- iyo dro, roca Ze RvTisa ar imyofeboda

(e.i. àr iyo Sobili uwinares yovelTa

saukuneTa~) da igi aris qmnilebao (amitom

aris mrwamsSi mimatebuli sityvebi `So-

bili da ara qmnili~) . ariozis moZRvrebas

m x ar s uW erda zo gierT i e p isko p o si ,

rogorebic iyvnen : evse vi nikodimieli,

Teognosti nikieli da marisi qalkedone-

li. saj aro p ae qrob aSi dasaxelebuli

mwvaleblebi damarcxdnen. maTi moZRvreb-

is uaryofaSi didi roli iTamaSes wm. ni-

koloz mironlukiis mTavarepiskoposma, wm.

spiridon trimifuntelma, aleqsandrieli

episkoposis diakvanma wm. aTanasem da sx-

vebma. krebam erTxmad daadgina mwvalebel

ariozis da mis TanamoazreTa eklesiidan

gankveTa, romlebmac TavianTi Secdomebi

ar moinanies. krebaze SemuSavda sarwmu-

noebis simbolos (kredos) , anu rogorc

qarTulad ewodeba - mrwamsis (warmoebu-

li - mrwamsis pirveli sityvidan `mr-

wams~ ) teqsti (sarwmunoebis simbolos

teqsti Seivso, dazustda da misi saboloo

redaqcia miRebul da damtkicebul iqna

konstantinopolis II msoflio krebaze).228

nikeis krebam dRis wesrigSi daayena aseve

aRdgomis dResaswaulis sakiTxic da dadgin-

da, rom igi unda idResaswaulebodes erT-

droulad yvela eklesiaSi, e.i. gazafxulis

mTvaris Sevsebis Semdeg pirvelsave kviras.229

krebaze damswre episkoposTa erT naw-

ils surda daekanonebina mRvdlebisa da di-

akvnebis uqorwinebloba, magram am wamoy-

enebuli winadadebis winaaRmdeg mkacrad

gailaSqra episkoposma pafnutim da krebas

miuTiTa, rom `vaiTu gadametebuli simkac-

riT ziani mivayenoT eklesiaso~ , krebam,

bWobis Semdeg, mRvdlebisa da diakvnebis

dauqorwineblobis Sesaxeb wamoyenebuli azri

uaryo da gaiziara pafnutis Sexeduleba.

228 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974 , gv. 130.


krebam, aseve daamtkica ama Tu im ek-

lesiis mTavar warmomadgenelTa ierarqiu-li da administraciuli normebi, urTierT-Soris pativisa da uflebrivi mdgomareobisSesaxeb. krebam gamosca sul 20 kanoni~.

krebis dadgenilebis 20-ve muxli kre-

bis monawile episkoposebis mier maT epar-qiebSi, - Tav-TavianTi qveynebis mixedviT,- ecnoba yvela eklesias.229

II msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveuliqna konstantinopolSi, 381 wlis maisSi

imper ator Teodoris brZ anebiT . kreba,romelsac eswreboda 150 episkoposi, gaix-sna wmida meleti antioqielis Tavmjdomar-eobiT, romlis gardacvalebis Semdeg kre-bis Tavmjdom ar eo ba dae vala grigoli

RvTismetyvels da bolos konstantino-polel episkopos neqtarioss. krebam ganix-ila makedonis da mis TanamoazreTa mwvale-bluri swavleba, romelic uaryofda suliwmidis RvTaebriobas.

s arwmu no e b is si m bolos, gr igoliRvTismetyvelis miTiTebiT, wmida mamebmadaamates zogierTi gamoTqma Ze RvTisaze,moZRvreba wmida sulze (`da suli wmida

ufali da cxovelsmyofeli~.. .) , eklesiiserTianobaze (èrTi wmida kaTolike~ ...) ,naTlobis saidumloze (àRviareb erTsanaTlisRebasa.. .~) da mkvdreTiT aRdgomaze(`moveli aRdgomasa~ ...).

krebam , romelmac SeimuSava da daamt-kica 7 kanoni, makedoni da misi Tanamo-azreni ganiota, e .i. gankveTa.

amave wlis 3 seqtembers, akvileiSiambros mediolanelis TavmjdomareobiT mim-

dinareobda sami mitropolitis (milanis,akvileis da sirmiis episkoposTa) kreba, -ariozelTa moZRvrebis dasagmobad. krebamdaadastura nikeis krebis dadgenilebanida gansakuTrebiT gausva xazi Ze RmerTis

maradiulobis, misi RvTaebrivi bunebis da

mama RmerTTan Tanatolobis moZRvrebas.229

II msoflio krebam gamosca epistole,

romelic Semdeg dayves 7 kanonad. me-3

kanons romis eklesia uaryofs, radgan am

me-3 kanonSi amaRlebulia konstantinop-

olis episkoposis Rirseba romis episko-posis darad: `radgan konstantinopoli

axali romia~ , e.i. mefis qalaqia (II ms.

krebis me-3 kanoni) .

cnobilia, rom romSi kaTedrebis Rirse-

bas akavSirebdnen ara qalaqebis politikur

mniSvnelobasTan, aramed maTi Temis samo-ciqulo warmoSobasTan, amitomac diptiq-

Si pirvel adgilz e ayen ebdne n romis,

aleqsandr iis da antioqiis e klesieb s,

romelnic mociqul petres da misi mowafis

markozis mier iyvnen dafuZnebulni. ro-

maeli episkoposebi ramdenime aswleulismanZilze jiutad ewinaaRmdegebodnen kon-

stantinopolis kaTedris amaRlebas~.230

III msoflio saeklesio kreba Sedgaq. efesoSi, 431 wels, imperator Teodo-

si mciris (408-450) mowveviT. krebas es-

wreboda 200 episkoposi. 7 ivnisisaTvisdaniSnuli kreba, damabrkolebeli mize-

zebisa gamo, gaixsna 22 ivniss, yovladw-

mida RvTismSoblis taZarSi, romlis Sua,

amaRlebul adgilas esvena wmida saxare-

b a . k r e b a s T av m jdo m ar eo bd a k ir ile

aleqsandrieli; krebis ganxilvis sagans

Seadgenda konstantinopolis mTavarepisko-posis - n estoris mwv alebluri azris

uaryofa, romelic amtkicebda, rom mari-

amma dabada kaci, romelsac mere SeuerT-

da madliT sityva RvTisa, ase rom, mari-

ami ar iyo RvTis mSobelio. nestori,

miuxedavad oTxgzis miwvevisa, krebaze argamocxadebula. mas mxars uWerdnen zogi-

erTi episkoposi da mefis uwarCinebule-

si pirebi (didebulebi). krebaze sajarod

iqna wakiTxuli sarwmunoebis simbolo da

m isi Z veli, nineuri varianti . kr e bam

229 `saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1978, gv. 174-176; ix. agreTve: Ghfdbkf Cdzns[ Fgjcnjkjd^Cdzns[ Cj,jhjd Dctktycrb[ b Gjvtcnys[ b Cdzns[ Jnwjd c njkmrjdfytvb$ 2 & V& 1912^ c& 5^ saqarTveloseklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv. 131; `mociqulTa, msoflio da adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebisa dawmida mamaTa kanonTa komentarebi~, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1, gv . 43; dogmatur-istoriulisakiTxebi: a) msoflio saeklesio krebebis mokle kursi Sedgenili a. lebedevis “Âñåëåíñêèåñîáîðû”, ò. III , 1896, ò. IV, 1904-is mixedviT; b) dogmaturi RvTismetyvelebis mokle kursi Sedgeniliarqiepiskopos filaretis “Ïðàâîñëàâíèå äîãìàòè÷åñêîå áîãîñëîâèå” 1882-is mixedviT g. ruxaZismier, Tb. 1994; 230 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974 , gv. 132.


moismina kirile aleqsandrielis kamaTi

nestoris winaaRmdeg da am ukanasknelis

Txzuleba. krebam erTsulovnad scno wm.

kiriles mier moyvanili argumentebis SeT-

anxmebuloba nikeis (325 w.) krebis aR-

sareb asT an, xolo ne storis axsna -gan-

martebani ki crumoZRvrebad.

krebis mo nawile wmida mam aTa mier

krebam damatebiT moismina saRmrTo wer-

ilidan damowmebuli adgilebi RvTis si-

tyvis (logosis) ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb,

- eretikosebi damxobilad gamoacxades.

krebam Tavisi dadgenileba, meore dResve

(23 ivniss) ganucxada nestors da weri-

lobiT acnoba imperators.

krebaze, sxva sakiTxTan erTad gairCa

kviproseli episkoposis - reginis saCi-

vari - ioane antioqiel episkoposze; es

ukanaskneli cdilobda kviprosis kunZu-

lis Tavisadmi daqvemdebarebas, miuxeda-

vad imisa, rom kviprosis eklesias mo-

ciqulTa droidan marTavda damoukidebe-

li episkoposi, romelic kunZulis episko-

posTa mier iyo arCeuli, rasac, rogorc

kanonikur aqts, ganamtkicebda nikeis kre-

bis is dadgenilebac, romlis mixedviT

yvela eklesias (farTo cnebiT) Senar-

Cunebuli hqonda sakuTari upiratesoba

marTva-gamgeobis mxriv.

sagulisxmoa, rom 8 ivniss, romlis

wina dResac efesos krebis gaxsna iyo na-

varaudevi, zemoxsenebuli ioane antioqie-

li, SeTanxmda episkoposTa erT nawilTan

da erToba ganucxada nestors. maT calke

moiwvies kreba, razedac kirile aleqsan-

drieli eretikosad, xolo misi kreba ki

ukanonod gamoacxades. moxda is, rom am

orive krebis dadgenilebebi imperators

erTdroulad miuvida fostiT. imperatorma

Tavdapirvelad ganizraxa nestorisa da

kiriles patimrobaSi ayvana, magram male

gaecno saqmis namdvil viTarebas da wm .

kiriles T avmjdomareo biT C atare buli

msoflio krebis yvela dadgenileba daamt-

kica (seqtemberSi), xolo nestori antio-

qiis maxloblad mdebare erT-erT monas-

terSi Caamwyvdia. efesos krebam gamosca 8

kanoni da 1 epistole pamfiliis krebi-

sadmi (mcire aziaSi iyo), romelic me-9

kanonad iwodeba~ .231

IV msofl io sa ekles io krebamowveul iqna q. qalkidonSi, 451 wels.

kreba, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda konstan-

tinopoleli anatoli, - gaixsna 8 oq-

tombers da dasrulda 1 noembers. krebaze

monawileobas iRebda saqristiano msof-

lios 630 episkoposi.

kreb is gan xilvis umTavr es sakiTxs

Seadgenda konstantinopoleli arqimandri-

tis - evtiqis mwvalebluri swavlebis

uaryof a. evtiqi amtkicebda, ro m ieso

qristeSi iyo mxolod erTi RvTaebrivi

buneba da erTi nebisyofa. kacis buneba da

kacis nebisyofa ki CanTqmuli iyo RvTae-

brivi bunebisa da nebisyofis miero. am

swavlas ewodeba monofizitoba (berZ.) , anu

erTbunebianoba. krebaze wakiTxul iqna pap

levis werili, romelSic gadmocemulia

dogmati, rom ìeso qriste aris WeSmari-

ti RmerTi da WeSmariti kaci, Cveni msgav-

si, codvis gareSe; ganxorcielebisas mas

aqvs erTi piri da ori buneba, SeerTebu-

li masSi erTpirad, Seurevnelad da ganuy-

ofelad~. IV msoflio krebam `romelsac

Zegl marTlmadideblobisa~ ewoda, ganaCina,

aRiaros qristeSi SeerTeba or bunebaTa:

ganuyoflad, ganuyrelad, Seurevnelad da

uqcevelad. 1) ganuyoflad - e.i. ori buneba

SeerTebuli qristeSi, ar Seadgens calke

arsebul pirovnebas, aramed orive buneba

SeerTebulia erTgvamovnad. 2) ganuyrelad

- e.i. SeerTeba ori bunebisa, dawyebuli

RvTis sityvis ganxorcielebis pirvel wa-

midanve , gagrZelda da grZeldeba maradis.

kacoba iesoSi arasodes ar yofila gan-

sakuTrebul pirovnebad, aramed miRebul

iyo misi RvTaebriobis pirovnebis erTo-

baSi erT gvamovnebad. 3) Seurevnelad -

e.i. ori buneba ieso qristeSi ar Sereu-

la erTmaneTSi ise, rom maTgan Semdgariyo

mesame buneba, aramed orive buneba imyofe-

ba masSi, rogorc ori sxvadasxvagvari buneba.

231 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1978, gv. 177-178; saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv. 132.


4) uqcevelad - e.i. RvTis Zisagan kacuri

bunebis miRebiT ar Secvlila arc RvTae-

brivi da arc kacuri buneba, arc RvTae-

brivi buneba qceula kacurad, arc kacuri

RvTaebrivad. TiToeuli buneba, SeerTebis

Semdegac, darCa ucvalebelad da mTelad.

krebam evtiqi da misi Tanamoazreni

(monofizitebi) ganiota, e.i. gankveTa, qris-

tianul msoflioSi maT swavlas misdevs

somexTa eklesia.

krebam gamosca sul 30 kanoni.231

V m s ofl io sa e kl e si o k reb amowveul iqna iustiniane I-is (527-565)

brZanebiT, konstantinopolSi 553 wels.

krebam muSaoba daiwyo 4 maiss da daamTavra

2 ivniss. misi pirveli sxdoma Sedga pa-

triarqis sasaxlis erT-erT darbazSi, wm.

sofiis maxloblad. Tavmjdomareobda pa-

triarqi evtiqi. krebas eswreboda sul

165 mama. imperators surda Seerigebina

monofizitebi (e.i. erTbunebianebi) da di-

ofizitebi (e .i. orbunebianebi) , anu mar-

Tlmadideblebi. monofizitebi Serigebis

pirobad sakiTxs ayenebdnen sam sasulie-

ro pirze, romlebic IV krebaze iqnen gasa-

marTlebulni. eseni iyvnen: Teodore mof-

sueteli, iva edeseli da Teodorite kvire-

li. krebaze sazeimod iqna damtkicebuli

ra qalkidonis krebis yvela dadgenileba,

mimdinare krebis me-5 da me-8 sxdomebze,

daamxes zemoxsenebuli monofizitebi da

m aT i T xzuleb an i , ro mle b iT ac isin i

nestoris crumoZRvrebas esarClebodnen .

amasTan erTad krebam daamtkica wina msof-

lio krebaTa dadgenilebanic.232

VI msofl io sa ekles io krebamowveul iqna imperator konstantine po-

Ronatis (668-685) brZanebiT 680 wels,

qalaq konstantinopolSi. krebas eswre-

boda 168 mama. krebis mizani iyo mwvalebel

m o n o T el it e b i s da m x o b a , r o m l e b i c

monofizitebis Semdeg gaCndnen da saxelm-

wifoSi religiur ganxeTqilebas qmnidnen.

isini amtkicebdnen, rom ieso qristeSi

iyo erTi, RvTaebrivi nebisyofa.

àman wmidaman krebaman sarwmunoebiT

da mowled Seiwynara ebistole wmidisa

da netarisa agaTon hromTa papisaY, mow-

erili RvTismsaxurisa mefisa.. . konstan-

tinesa, romelsa Sina weril ars saxeldeb-

iT gankueTaY da ganyraY yovelTaY, romelTa

qadages erTi nebaY da erTi saqme gankace-

bisa gangebulebasa Sina qristes RmrTisa

Cuenisasa egreTve saxed~ (mcire sjulis-

kanonidan).232

trulis krebis kanonebi. V da VI

msoflio krebebze ganixileboda mxolod

dogmaturi sakiTxebi da disciplinaruli

kanonebi mas ar gamoucia, magram VI msof-

lio krebidan 10 wlis Semdeg, 691 wlis

1 seqtembers imperator iustiniane II-is

mowveviT sasaxlis trulis (`gumbaTis~)

palataSi Seikriba 227 mama konstantinop-

olis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusal-

imis patriarqebisa da romis papis legate-

bis TavmjdomareobiT. krebis sxdomebi gagr-

Zelda zustad 1 weli, 692 wlis 31 agvis-

tomde da Tavisi moRvaweoba gamoamzeura

saeklesio-disciplinaruli kanonebiT.

am V-VI-ed wodebuli krebis 102 kan-

ons marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi aqvs msof-

lio krebaTa kanonebis avtoriteti.232

VII msoflio saeklesio kreba Sedga787 wels, q. nikeaSi. gagrZelda 1 weli-

wadi. krebas eswreboda sul 367 episko-

po si . qr istian eT a ukan askn eli de v n a

gamowveuli iyo xatTa Tayvaniscemis gamo

da xsenebuli krebis mizanic xatTa Tayva-

niscemis aRdgeniT gamoixateboda. xatTa

TayvaniscemisaTvis qristianTa devna, iyo

ukanaskneli da xangrZlivi. nikeis krebam,

romelmac gamosca 22 kanoni, ganamtkica

xatTa Tayvaniscema.233

amis Semdeg, 843 wels, konstantinop-

olis adgilobrivma krebam, romelic moi-

wvies bizantiis mcirewlovanma keisarma

miqael III-m (842-867) da dedamisma Te-

odoram, anaTema gamoucxada yvela xatme-

brZols da xatTayvaniscemis saboloo zeimi

aRiniSna (saq. ekl. kal., 1974, gv. 133).

232 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1978, gv. 177-178; saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv.132; 233 iqve, gv. 177-178; iqve , gv. 132.


adgilobrivi krebebis kanonebi

ori adgilo br iv i kr eb a , ro m elT a

kanonebi Sevida marTlmadide bluri ek-

lesiis kanonikur kodeqsSi, Sedga I msof-

lio krebamde . pirveli maTgani iyo ankir-

isa. moiwvies 314 w. galateas provinci-

is mTavar qalaqSi.

kesaria-kapadokiaSi 314 welsave Sedga

kreba, daaxloebiT 319 wels ki neoke-

sariis kreba moiwvies, daaxloebiT 340

wels Sedga Rangris (gangris) kreba, maTi

kanonebis Semdeg kanonikur krebulSi Se-

dis antioqiis krebis 25 kanoni. antio-

qiis aRniSnuli krebis (daaxl. 330-340

ww.) kanonebis Semdeg kanonikur kodeqs-

Si Sesulia 60 kanoni laodikiis krebi-

sa. aqvea sardikiis 343-344 wlebis, karT-

agenis (419) kanonebis da konstantinop-

olis 394 wlis dadgenileba.

patriarq fotis saxelTanaa dakavSire-

buli konstantinopolis sami kreba: 861,

869 da 879 wlebisa. pirvelma maTganma,

orgzisma, Semdgarma wm . mociqulebis taZ-

arSi im perator m ixeil II I -isa , papis

legatebisa da 318 episkoposis monawi-

leobiT, daamtkica wm. fotis arCeva sap-

atriarqo kaTedraze da wm . ignatis damx-

oba. 869 wlis krebam papis moTxovniT

gaauqma wina krebis dadgenileba, gamoacx-

ada wm . fotis gadadgoma da dedaqalaqis

kaTedraze ignatis aRdgena. 879 wlis kon-

stantinopolis kreba moiwvies wm. sofi-

is taZarSi. mas Tavmjdomareobda sapatri-

arqo RirsebaSi aRdgenili wm. foti ukve

wm . ignatis sikvdilis Semdeg. kr ebaSi

monawileobda 383 mama aRmosavleTisa da

dasavleTis eklesiebisa. krebam aRadgina

gawyvetili urTierToba aRmosavluri da

dasavluri eklesiebisa.

TiToeulma am krebam gamosca kanone-

bi. kaTolikuri eklesia aRiarebs 869

wlis kreb as, rogorc VIII msoflios.

amis sapirispirod marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesia kanonikur mn iSv nelobas an iWe bs

m xolod orgz isi kr e b is kano ne b s da

agreTv e wm . sofiis taZris kre bas da

u ar yofs 869 wlis kre b as . orgz ism a

kre bam gamosca 17, wm . sofiis taZris

krebam 3 kanoni.234

234 D& F& Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ V&^ 1994^ c& 61&


235 D& Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ c& 61&

wmida mamaTa kanonebi

kanonikur krebebSi msgavsad nikeemde-

li epoqis wm. mamebis kanonebisa, Sevida

aseve kanonebi cxra mamisa, romelTac ix-

senebs trulis krebis me-2 kanoni. esenia:

wm. wm . aTanase didi, basili didi, grigo-

li RvTismetyveli, grigoli noseli, am-

filoqe ikonieli, kirile aleqsandrie-

li, genadi konstantinopoleli, agreTve

timoTe da Teofile aleqsandrielebi da

kanonikuri epistole wm. tarasi konstan-

tinopolelisa, romelic iyo ukve tru-

lis krebis Semdeg.

wm. aTanase didi (+372) - mebrZoli

nikeis rwmenisa, marTlmadideblobis mamad

wodebuli, avtori dogmatikuri, apologe-

tikuri da polemikuri Txzulebebisa. kanon-

ikur krebulSi Sevida misi 3 epistole.

wm. basili didis (+379) kanonebi gan-

sakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania saeklesio

samarTlisaTvis. wm. basili aRizarda qris-

tianul ojaxSi, ganaTleba aTenSi miiRo.

egviptis, siriis, palestinisa da meso-

potamiis monastrebis molocvis Semdeg

wmidani ganmartovda Tavis megobar grigo-

li nazianzelTan erTad udabur adgilas,

saidanac 370 w. miiwvies saepiskoposo sam-

saxurisaTvis kesaria-kapadokiaSi. wm . ba-

sili meTaurobda marTlmadidebel episko-

posebs pontos diocezisa da mTeli aR-

mosavleTis arianuli da naxevrad arianuli

eresis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. basili didis

dogmatikuri Txzulebani, rogorc nawerebi

wm. aTanase da wm. grigoli RvTismetyvelisa,

gaxda safuZveli marTlmadidebluri trini-

taruli RvTismetyvelebisa. kanonikur krebeb-

Si Sevida 92 kanoni wm. basilisa.

wm . grigol noseli (+395) , umcrosi

Zma basili didisa, cnobilia Tavisi dax-

vewili saRvTismetyvelo da filosofi-

uri ganaTlebiTa da moSurneobiT WeSmar-

ite bis dac v isaT v is cruswavle bisag an .

kanonikur krebulSi Sevida misi 1 epis-

tole dayofili 8 kanonad.

wm. grigoli RvTismetyveli (+389), me-

gobari iyo wm. basili kesarielisa. kanon-

ikur kodeqsSi Sesulia misi leqsad daw-

erili CamonaTvali Zveli da axali aRTq-

mis wmida wignebisa.

w m . a m f ilo q e ik o n i e li s ( + 39 5 )

analogiuri Sinaarsis epistolea Sesuli

kanonikur krebulSi.

wm. timoTes, aleqsandrieli mTavar-

episkoposis (+385), wm. aTanases mowafis,

18 pasuxia Sesuli saeklesio wyaroebis

krebulSi, es pasuxebi man gasca episko-

posebisa da samRvdeloebis kiTxvebs.

wm. aleqsandrieli Teofiles 14 kanonia

Se suli kanonikur kr ebulSi. igi iyo

mdevneli wm . ioane oqropirisa, aleqsan-

driuli saRvTismetyvelo skola II-IV ss-

Si yvela sxva saeklesio skolas aRemate-

boda Tavisi swavlebiT. wm. kirile aleqsan-

drieli (+444) iyo mcveli marTlmadide-

bluri qristologiisa nestorianelTa er-

esisagan. kanonikur krebulSi moTavsebu-

lia agreTve epistole mTavarepiskopos

genadisa (+471) , konstantinopolis 459

wlis krebis mamebTan erTad simoniis Sesax-

eb da wm . tarasis, konstantinopoleli

patriarqisa (+809), romis pap adrianesTan

aseve simoniis Sesaxeb. wm . tarasis epis-

toleTi mTavrdeba umTavresi kanonikuri

krebuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa.

zogierT umTavres krebulSi damatebiT

Sesulia wm. ioane mmarxvelis (+595) `kanon-

ikoni~, SemdegSi damuSavebuli mRvdelmona-

zon maTeos blastaris mier. igi iqca sax-

elmZRvanelod sasuliero pirebisaTvis (da

CarTulia berZnul kanonikur krebulebSi:

`pidalionsa~ da àTenis sintagmaSi~). `pi-

dalionis~ zogierT krebulSi Sesulia wm.

nikifore aRmsareblis (+818) kanonebi.235


kanonikuri krebulebi

msoflio krebaTa epoqaSi arsebobda

uxvi saeklesio kanonikuri masala, aman

gamoiwvia aucilebloba misi kodifikaci-

isa, Seiqmna krebulebi, romelTa daniS-

nuleba iyo, xeli Seewyo aRniSnuli masa-

lis praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis.

msoflio krebaTa epoqis krebulebi Sei-

Zleba davyoT sam jgufad:

1. kanonikurni, romelnic Seicavs mx-

olod saeklesio kanonebs;

2. samoqalaqo, romelnic Seicavs mx-

olod saxelmwifo kanoneb s saeklesio

saqmeTa Sesaxeb;

3. Sereuli krebulebi, romlebic Se-

icavs rogorc erT, ise meore kanonebs _

nomokanonebi (berZnuli sityvidan `nomo~

_ sjuli (pfrjys) da `kanoni~ (amJamad

`nomo~ iTargmneba, rogorc kanoni, magram

Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi `nomo~ iTargm-

neboda rogorc `sjuli~, `kanoni~ ki saek-

lesio sjuli) .

kanonikur krebulebs yofdnen or ti-

pad: qronologiurad, romelSic krebaTa

da mamaTa kanonebi qronologiuri mimdevro-

biT iyo moyvanili da sistematurad, romel-

Sic saeklesio-samarTlebrivi masala da-

jgufebuli iyo Tavebis, ganyofilebebis,

rubrikeb-titulebis mixedviT.

p ir v e li C v e nT v i s c no b ili q ro -

nolo giur i kr e bul i daka vSir e b ulia

saqarTvelos mezobel pontos diocezTan

- e .w. pontos kr ebuli, m asSi Sev ida

ankiris, kesariis da neokesariis krebebis

kanonebi (Cemi azriT, Tu saqarTvelos uSu-

alo mezobel pontos diocezSi Rrma Ses-

wavlis obieqti iyo saeklesio kanonikuri

samarTali, CvenSic unda hqonodaT war-

modgena, Tu praqtikuli gamoyeneba ara,

aRniSnuli krebulis Sesaxeb) .

SemdgomSi, pontos krebuls daemata

sxva kanonebi IV-V ss-isa, qronologiuri

Sesabamisobis mixedviT. kerZod, gangrisa

(Rangris) da antioqiis krebebisa, sinop-

sisi _ Semoklebuli gadmocema _ kanoneb-

isa, gamocemulni aseve Cveni mezobeli

frigiis provinciis krebebis mier, romelT-

ac ewodebodaT laodikiis krebis kanone-

bi da bolos II msoflio krebis epis-

tole, jer kidev kanonebad dauyofeli. am

krebuliT sargeblobdnen qalkedonis kre-

bis mamebi. IV msoflio krebam Tavisi 1-li

kanoniT daamtkica saerTo saeklesio av-

toriteti am kodeqsisa, romelsac ewoda

qalkedonis krebuli. gangra, frigia da

laodikia, rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos

mezoblad mdebareobdnen.

Seqmnili iyo sxva qronologiuri kre-

bulebi, magram qronologiur rigze dawy-

obili kanonebi mouxerxebeli iyo praq-

tikuli gamoye nebis dros, Zn eldeboda

moZieba saWiro kanonisa, amitomac ukve VI

s-dan gamoCnda saeklesio kanonebis pirveli

berZnuli sistematuri krebuli, 60 tit-

ulovani (titlovani). masSi mTeli masala

dalagebuli iyo 60 Tavad, anu titulad -

Sinaarsis Sesabamisad.

Cvenamde moaRwia presviter ioane sqo-

lastikosis (ase uwodebdnen im drois ad-

vokatebs) sistemurma krebulma, romel-

sac uwoda `sinagoga saRmrTo da wmida

kanonebisa dayofili 50 Tavad (titulad)~.

VI-VII ss-Si konstantinopolSi gamoCnda

kanonebis axali krebuli `kanonikuri sin-

tagma~ - gayofili or nawilad. pirveli

nawili - sistematuria, masSi mTeli masala

dayof ilia 14 rubr ikad - titulad ,

romelnic, Tavis mxriv, dayofilia Tavebad.

meore nawilSi igive kanonebi ganlagebulia

qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT. cnobilia

agreTve sxva sistematuri krebulebic.

romaulma samoqalaqo samarTalma, saek-

lesios msgavsad, adrebizantiur epoqaSi

ganicada kodificireba (kodifikacia). Sedge-

nil iqna sakanonmdeblo krebulebi, rom-


lebSic Sevida rogorc qristianobamdeli

imperatorebis, ise qristiani imperator-

ebis kanonebi, adrebizantiuri sakanonmde-

blo aqtebi gamoicemoda imperiis saxelm-

wifo laTinur enaze . 438 wels gamoica

Teodosis `kodeqsi~. kanonebi am `kodeqs-

Si~ dayofilia 16 wignad, romelnic day-

ofilia Tavebad (titulebad). bolo me-16

wigni Seicavs saxelmwifo kanonebs, romelnic

Seexeba saeklesio saqmeebs.

iustiniane didma (527-565) gamosca fun-

damenturi krebulebi romauli samarTlisa,

romelTac uwodes `saero samarTlis ko-

rpusi~ (Corpus iuris civilis).

am korpusSi Sedis 4 krebuli:

1. ̀ dadgenilebaTa kodeqsi~. masSi Sevida

imperatorTa kanonebi adrianedan (117 w.)

iustinianes bolo kanonamde (534 w.). kre-

buli dayofilia 12 wignad, TiToeuli wigni

titulebad. saeklesio saqmeebs exeba pirve-

li wignis dasawyisi titulebi. gamoica

orjer 529 da 534 wlebSi, pirvels ewoda

`Zveli~, axals - `Sesworebuli~.

2. (meore krebuli iustinianesi) `di-

gestebi~, anu `pandeqtebi~. gamoqveynda 533

w. dayofilia 50 wignad. Sedis warmodge-

nili epoqis iuristebis ganmartebebi.

3. (mesame krebuli iustinianesi) - ìn-

stitucia~, dayofilia 4 wignad. wignebi

titulebad, titulebi paragrafebad. is

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aris saxelmZRvane-

lo samarTlebrivi masalis Sesaswavlad.

4. (meoTxe krebuli iustinianesi) -

ewodeba àxali dadgenilebani~, anu `nov-

elebi~ - esaa iustinianes is kanonebi,

romelnic gamoica `kodeqsis~ gamoqveynebis

Semdeg. `novelebi~, ZiriTadad, dawerilia

berZnul enaze. pirveli TariRdeba 535 wliT.

saeklesio sakiTxSi iustinianes kanon-

ebis ZiriTadi adresati, rogorc wesi, kon-

stantinopolis patriarqia,236 magram br-

Zanebebi sxva patriarqebsac egzavnebodaT.

`novelis~ , anu brZanebis miRebis Semdeg

patriarqebi maT ugzavn idnen mitropo-

lite bs , saidan ac isin i e gzav n e bodaT

episkoposebs da ase Semdeg _ monastrebsa

da samrevloebs. es novelebi erT wignad

Sekribes iustinianes sikvdilis Semdeg.

741 wels gamoica lev isavrosisa da

konstantine koprinimis (qarTvelebi mas

uwodeben konstantine skores) `kanonebis

ekloga~. es imperatorebi xatmebrZolebi

iyvnen , amitomac igi marTlmadideblobis

damtkicebis Semdeg miaweres IX s-is im-

peratorebs _ lev brZensa da mis Svils

kon stantine s.

imperatorma basili makedonelma da

misma Svilma lev brZenma gamosces ramden-

im e kr e buli ro m aul-b iz antiur i sa -

marTlisa. esenia: `proxironi~ da `basil-

iki~. `basilikSi~ Sevida mxolod is Zve-

li kanonebi, romelTac ar hqondaT Zala

dakarguli imperator basili makedonel-

is mmarTvelobisas. krebuli dayofilia 60

wignad. wignebi - titulebad, titulebi -

Tavebad, Tavebi - paragrafebad. saeklesio

saqmeTa Sesaxeb laparakia 1, 3, 4, da 5

wignebSi. am basilisa da misi Svilebis

sulieri mama-aRmzrdeli iyo ilarioni,

qarTveli wmidani.

XII s-Si bizantiaSi iuridiul Zalas

aniWebdnen iustinianes `korpusis~ mxolod

im kanonebs, romelnic `basilikebis~ kre-

bulSi iyo Sesuli. balsamonma aseve gada-

xeda `nomokanonis~ kanonebs, am dros maTi

mniSvnelobis kriteriumad miiCnia Semde-

gi garemoeba: Setanili iyo Tu ara isini

`basilikSi~ . es iyo bizantiuri samarT-

lebrivi reforma, romelic, Cveni azriT,

saeWvoa, rom asaxuliyo qarTul saekle-

sio samarTalSi, radgan, rogorc cnobil-

ia, arc `basiliki~ da arc balsamonis gan-

martebebi qarTulad Targmnili ar yofi-

la (slavurSi ar Sevida amave mizeziT).237

236 D& Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ c& 68$ 237 D& Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ c& 69&


` nomoka nonebi ~

ase uwode bdn e n T avdap ir vel kr e -

bulebs, romlebic Seicavda rogorc saek-

lesio, iseve samoqalaqo kanonebs saek-

lesio saqmeTa Sesaxeb.

uZvelesi `nomokanoni~ miewereba io-

ane sqolastikoss, Tumca misi avtoroba

saeWvodaa miCneuli. miakuTvneben VI s-s.

yvelaze cnobili da istoriulad mniS-

vnelovani saeklesio-samarTlebrivi kre-

bulia _ `nomokanoni 14 titulovani~. misi

Seqmna miewereba konstantinopolel pa-

triarqs wm. fotis. amJamad miiCneven , rom

igi Sedgenilia ori avtoris mier da ar-

sebobs misi ori redaqcia sxvadasxva epo-

qisa. pirveli redaqcia miewereboda kon-

stantinopolis patriarqs sergis (610-

638) (es sergi iyo kirosis, savaraudod

qarTvelTa kaTalikosis kirionis, megobari).

` 14-titulovani nomokanoni~ Sedgeba

ori nawilisagan. pirveli nawili, romel-

sac aseve `nomokanoni~ ewodeba, gayofil-

ia 14 titulad, titulebi Tavebad, aqvs

kanonTa saCvenebeli. TiToeuli rubrikis

qveS gamoyofilia samoqalaqo kanonebi Tavi-

sa da titulis Tematikis mixedviT. kre-

bulis meore nawils ewodeba `sintagma~,

Sedgeba kanonebis teqstebisagan, romel-

nic ganlagebulia qronologiuri Tanmim-

devrobiT.

`14-titulovani nomokanonis~ meore re-

daqcia Sedgenilia 883 wels. zogierTi

mecnieri mas miawers wm. fotis. fotis

`nomokanonSi~ warmodgenilia yvela kano-

ni , Setanili sakanonmdeblo kodeqsSi,

romelsac dRes vicnobT. esaa y velaze

sruli da saxmarad mosaxerxebeli krebu-

li, amitomac man berZnuli eklesiidan gan-

devna yvela sxva kompilacia. aqedan gamom-

dinare, 920 wlis konstantinopolis kre-

bam sazeimod daamtkica `14-titulovani

nomokanoni~, rogorc sayovelTaod savalde-

bulo kodeqsi msoflio eklesiisaTvis. am-

Jamad, fotis `nomokanonis~ `sintagma~ war-

moadgen s m arTlm adide bluri e klesiis

kanonikur krebuls.238

imis gamo, rom 920 wlis konstanti-

nopolis krebam `14-titulovani nomokano-

ni~ sayovelTaod savaldebulod daamtki-

ca msoflio eklesiisaTvis, unda vifiqroT,

rom iqamde qarTul eklesiaSi arsebuli

Zveli saeklesio-samarTlebrivi kodeqse-

bi mouxmareblobisa da gadauwerlobis gamo

TandaTan amoRebul iqna xmarebidan da am-

denad, ver moaRwia Cvenamde.

238 D& Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ c& 74&


kanonTa ganmartebani, aristine, zonara, balsamoni

bizantiuri epoqis saeklesio samarT-

lis damaxasiaTebeli niSania – adre gamocemu-

li kanonebis ganmartebani. kanonebis gan-

martebebs berZeni iuristebi uwodeben –

sqolioebs, xolo laTinebi _ glosebs.

Tavdapirvelad, sqolioebs werdnen xe-

lnawerTa areebze . maT hqondaT SeniS-

vnebisa da ganmartebebis xasiaTi calkeuli

sityvisa Tu kanonebis zogierTi adgili-

saTvis. TandaTanobiT zogierTi Zveli sqo-

lio Seitanes samarTlis teqstSi, anda

TviTon gadaiqcnen TavisTavad kanonad.

aleqsi aristine - eladeli iyo, mi-

iRo iuridiuli ganaTleba, eWira maRali

samoqalaqo Tanamdeboba. konstantinop-

olSi miiwvia imperatorma ioane komnenos-

ma – diakvnobasTan erTad man daiWira

umaRlesi saxelmwifo Tanamdebobani – no-

mofilaqsisa, da bolos, saeklesio Tan-

amdeboba _ sapatriarqo eklesiis didi

ekonomosisa. gardaicvala 1166 wlis Sem-

deg. imperatoris davalebiT aristinem

Se adgin a kanonikuri `sino psisis~ gan-

martebani (daaxl. 1130 wels) .

ioane zonara – cnobili bizantieli

kanonisti, cxovrobda imperatorTa: aleq-

sis da ioanes dros. eWira didi saxelm-

wifo Tanamdebobani, col-Svilis sikvdi-

lis Semdeg berad aRikveca. dawera sxva-

dasxv a Txzuleb a , m aT Soris fotis

` no mo kanon is~ ` sintagm is~ gan marteb a

(daaxl. 1142 wlis Semdeg) . nomokanonis

pirveli nawilis ganmarteba ar moucia

( es n awili Se ic avs e klesiis Se saxe b

samoqalaqo kanonebs) .

Teodor balsamoni - XII s-is yve-

laze avtoritetuli kanonisti. daibada

konstantinopolSi. imperator manuilis

dros eWira sapatriarqo nomofilaqsisa

da xartofilaqsis T anamdebobani. 1 193

wels aiy v an e s antio qi is p atr i ar q is

taxtze, magram am dros antioqia jvaros-

nebs eWiraT, amitom balsamons ar dau-

to veb ia kon stantinopoli. es iyo im-

perator isaak angelosis dros.

nikita xoniatis T qmiT, imperatori

isaak angelosi dahpirda balsamons, rom

konstantinopolis patriarqis kaTedraze


gadaiyvanda antioqiis patriarqis kaTedri-

dan, Tuki igi am aqtis damamtkicebel

ganmartebebs Seadgenda. Sesabamisi gan-

marteba balsamonma gadasca episkoposTa

krebas, magram aRmoCnda, rom es sabuTi

imperators esaWiroeboda, raTa konstan-

tino polis kaTedraz e gadmo eyvana mis-

Tvis sasurveli ierusalimeli patriar-

qi dosiTeosi.239 (imperators SeeZlo sa-

patriarqo taxtze aeyvan a misTvis sa-

surveli piri anda gadmoeyvana sxva kaT-

edridan . konstantinopolis, aleqsandri-

is, ierusalimis, antioqiis sapatriarqoe-

bi erT eklesias Seadgendnen erTi `saek-

lesio wesierebis uzenaesi mcveliT~ (e .i.

i mp erator -T av iT) da zo gjer saerTo

sinodiT _ krebiT) .

balsamonma miiRo davaleba, Seedgina

mTliani `14-titulovani no mokano nis~

ganmartebebi da ara mxolod `sintagmisa~ .

am droisaTvis miiCneoda, rom `nomokan-

onSi~ Sesul iustin ianes kanonebsa da

im dros bizantiaSi moqmed kanonmdeblo-

bas Soris, romelic Sesuli iyo `basi-

likebSi~, ar iyo Sesatyvisoba.

balsamonma `nomokanonis~ ganmarteb-

is dros aRiara, rom Zaladakargulad unda

C aT vliliyo iustinian es is kano n e bi ,

romelnic marTalia Sesuli iyo `nomo-

kanonSi~, magram ar iyo `basilikebSi~.240

b alsamo ni am arTlebs im per atorT a

yo velgvar qm ede bas saeklesio saqmeTa

marTvaSi. icav s ko nstantinopolis p a-

triar qis up ir ateso bas sxva sap atri-

ar qo e bTan Sedare b iT . b alsamon s aq v s

agreTve 66 kanonikuri pasuxi, romelic

nomokanonis ganmartebasTan erTad Sevi-

da àTenis sintagmaSi~ .

ukve XIII s-dan `nomokanonebi~, romelT-

ac ar gaaCndaT `ganmartebani~ (aRniSnuli

kanonistebisa) – iTvlebodnen moZvele-

bulad da gamovidnen xmarebidan .

XIV s-Si aseTive samuSao maTe blas-

tarma Seasrula.241

komentatorTa axali Taobis warmomad-

genelni arian serbeTis episkoposi nikodime242

da ioane smolenskeli episkoposi.243

239 D& Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ c& 87$ 240 D& Wsgby^ Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj^ c& 87& uTiTebs: Iuris ecclesiasticigraecorum historia et monumenta. I.B. Pitra. Romae, t. I, 1864; t. II, 1868; Su ntagma twn Jei wn kai i rvnkaano nwn tvn agi wn kai paneujh mwn Apfsto lwn kai tvn i ervn oi koumenikwn kai topikvn Suo dwn,kai kata merV agiwn pate rwn, e kdoJe n u po G.A . Ra llh, P ot lh . AJh n, 1 85 2-1 85 9, tom. I-IV ; 2 4 1

Àëôàâèòíàÿ ñèíòàãìà Ìàòôåÿ Âëàñòàðÿ. Ñèìôåðîïîëü, 1892; 242 Ghfdbkf ghfdjckfdyjq Wthrdb cnjkrjdfybzvb Ybrjlbvf tg& Lfkvfncrj-bcnhbqcrjuj^ CG<^ I^ 1911^ II^ 1912$ 243 (Jgsn rehcf wthrjdyjujpfrjyjdtltybz)^ CG<^ 1851$ saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1, gv. 1-3.


Tavi meore

saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli qarTuli Targmanebi

saeklesio samarTali, saek-

lesio-administraciuli mmarT-

velobis sferoSi, garkveul

cvlilebebs ganicdida epoqa-

Ta Sesabamisad. sxvagvari iyo

is nikeamdeli da aseve qalke-

donamdeli eklesiebisaTvis, sx-

vagvaria is e.w. ̀ axali eklesie-

bisaTvis~ (igulisxmeba is ek-

lesiebi, romelnic konstanti-

nopolis wiaRidan gamovidnen

da misgan miiRes avtokefalia.

esenia, ruseTis, bulgareTis,

rumineTisa da sxva àxali~

eklesiebi).

nikeas I msoflio krebamde

arsebuli eklesiebi erTmane-

Tis mimarT damoukidebelni iyv-

nen da imarTebodnen mociqulTa

34-e kanonis Sesabamisad. ni-

keamdeli eklesiebis es damou-

kidebloba I, II da III msoflio krebebma

ar SezRudes, magram qalkedonis msof-

lio krebis Semdeg man garkveuli cvli-

lebebi ganicada. am dros moxda eklesi-

aTa gaerTianeba avtokefaluri eklesie-

bis Semcirebis kvaldakval. imis gasarkve-

vad, Tu administraciuli mmarTvelobis

mxriv ra uflebebiT sargeblobda saqar-

Tvelos eklesia, unda gairkves es ekle-

sia qalkedonamdeli eklesiaa Tu qalke-

doniis krebis Semdeg Camoyalibda. wyaroe-

bis analizi aCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos

eklesia nikeamde, anda nikeis krebis para-

lelurad Camoyalibda (amiT, cxadia, is

qalkedonamdeli eklesiaa). es asaxulia

saeklesio terminologiaSic.

qarTvelebma qristianobis naTeli mi-

iRes jer kidev romis imperiis arsebo-

bisas maSin, roca imperiis saxelmwifo

sarwmunoebas marTlmadidebloba, xolo

saxelmwifo enas laTinuri warmoadgen-


da. ramac Tavisi asaxva hpova qarTul

sasuliero literaturaSi, magaliTad,

wmida ninos `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, wmi-

da ninos ufalma laTinurad dawerili

mcnebebi gadasca, wmida ninos `romael-

Ta tyves~ uwodeben, mis sarwmunoebas

ki ̀ romaelTa rjuls~,244 wmida nino wer-

ils iRebs `romis patriarqisagan~, mas-

Tan modis romaeli diakoni da sxv. ro-

mis imperiis arsebobis dros Tavdapirve-

lad 100-ze meti avtokefaluri ekle-

sia arsebobda,245 amitom provinciul da

diocezur eklesiebs hqondaT adminis-

traciuli TavisTavadoba, romelsac Sem-

deg avtokefalia ewoda.246 unda vifiqroT,

rom Camoyalibebis dros I-IV ss-Si msof-

lio eklesiasTan sulierad umWidroe-

sad dakavSirebuli qarTuli eklesia ise-

Tive administraciuli TavisTavadobiT

sargeblobda, rogoriTac sxva provin-

ciebisa da diocezebis eklesiebi romis

imperiaSi. miT umetes, rom saqarTvelo

damoukidebel saxelmwifos warmoadgen-

da, rac cxadia, unda asaxuliyo misi

eklesiis iuridiul statussa da masSi

moqmed kanonikur samarTalzec, romel-

Ta arsebobis gareSe eklesiuri cxovre-

ba SeuZlebelia.

IV s-is ukve Sua wlebidan TandaTan

viTareba Seicvala da bizantiis imperi-

aSi ukve V-VI s-Tvis Camoyalibda ram-

denime msxvili saeklesio erTeuli (Sem-

dgomi sapatriarqoebi), romelTac ga-

moamJRavnes miswrafeba daeqvemdebare-

binaT mezobeli, iqamde administraciu-

lad damoukidebeli eklesiebi. ZiriTadad,

es SeZles kidec, Tumca kviprosis ek-

lesiam SeinarCuna Tavisi avtokefalia,

raSic mas daexmara III msof-

lio kreba, roca antioqiis say-

dari mis administraciul da-

qvemdebarebas cdilobda. kvi-

prosis eklesiis msgavs TavisTa-

vad eklesiaTa rigSi albaT

qarTuli eklesiac imyofebo-

da, miT umetes, rom is im-

periis farglebs gareT mde-

bareobda. unda vivaraudoT,

rom am dros IV da gansakuTre-

biT V s-Si qarTul enaze gad-

moiTargmna bibliuri da sa-

RvTismetyvelo wignebi, wmida

mamaTa nawerebis erTi nawili.

iTargmneboda am dros Tu ara

kanonikuri krebulebi, CvenTvis

ucnobia, magram radgan msof-

lioSi pirveli kanonikuri kre-

bulebi swored saqarTvelos

uSualo mezoblad, kerZod,

galateas, frigiisa da pontos

provinciebSi Seiqmna swored

aRniSnul periodSi, kanonikuri

samarTali arc qarTvelebi-

saTvis unda yofiliyo ucno-

bi, miT umetes, rom am sam-

yarosTan qarTvelebs umWidroe-

si sulier-ekonomikuri urT-

ierToba hqoniaT. mxedveloba-

Si rom ar miviRoT iseTi mniS-

vnelovani mxarec ki, rogori-

caa qarTvelTa da kapadokiel-

pontoel-galatelTa eTnikuri

naTesaoba, rac am urTierTo-

bis kidev ufro gaRrmavebis

erT-erTi xelSemwyobi faqtori

unda yofiliyo.

244 qarTlis cxovreba, t. I . gv. 104, 197, 88, 86, 110; 245 Ñ. Òðîèöêèé, Î Öåðêîâíîéàâòîêåôàëèè, ÆÌÏ, 1950, ¹7, ñ. 39; 246 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria,t. I . gv . 185-204.


magram qarTvelebs am Tavis samezob-

lo, Rrmad qristian qveyanasTan akav-

Sirebda sarwmunoeba, riTac yovelive

if ar e b o d a d a u mT a v r e s su l i e r

mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgenda IV da

V ss-Si.

VI-VII ss-Si, rogorc amas episto-

leTa wignSi Semonaxuli dvinis eklesi-

is meTaurisadmi kirion kaTalikosis pa-

suxebi miuTiTebs, qarTvelebi kargad ic-

nobdnen imJamindeli kanonikuri samarT-

lis safuZvlebs. kavSir-urTierToba hqon-

daT msoflio eklesiis meTaurebTan, kir-

ionisTvis gamogzavnili romis papis epis-

tole, romelic nestorianelebTan urT-

ierTobis sakiTxis mogvarebas exeba, erTi

amis damamtkicebeli magaliTia. garda

amisa, rogorc sxvadasxva wyaro miu-

TiTebs, kirions kavSir-urTierToba hqonda

konstantinopolisa da ierusalimis pa-

triarqebTan. amitomac, unda vifiqroT,

rom kavkasiis masStabiT iseTi didi xalx-

is eklesia, rogoric iyo saqarTvelosi,

ar unda yofiliyo darCenili saekle-

sio-samarTlebrivi Zeglebis gareSe. mkv-

levarTa TvalsazrisiT, romelic Sesa-

ba mis adgilas gv aq vs gadmoce muli,

saqarTveloSi V s-saTvis gavrcelebu-

li unda yofiliyo e.w. `siriul-romau-

li samarTali~, romelic Semdgom xe-

lmeored uTargmniaT XVIII s-Si.

VII s-Si, mas Semdeg, rac herakle

keisarma iranis saxelmwifo daamarcxa,

bizantia kidev ufro mWidrod daukav-

Sirda saqarTvelos. rogorc zemoT aRin-

iSna, saqarTvelos emezoblebodnen bi-

zantiis Rrmad qristianuli saeklesio

provinciebi, rasac CvenSi, kerZod ki

maT uSualo mezobel tao-klarjeTSi,

unda Seeqmna xelsayreli pirobebi bi-

zantielTa msgavsad kanonikuri samarT-

lis mcodne pirebis arsebobisaTvis. amas

unda miuTiTebdes qarTuli terminis

`merCules~ arseboba, rac swored kanon-

ikuri samarTlis mcodnesa da ganm-

martebels _ `merjules~ erqva. rogorc

p. ingoroyvam gaarkvia, am profesiis mqone

sasuliero pirebi bizantieli advokate-

bisa da sqolastebis msgavsi profesiis

mqonen i unda yofiliyvnen , romelTa

daniSnuleba saeklesio kanonebis gan-

marteba iyo, maT unda hqonodaT Sesa-

ba misi ganaTlebac . amas adasture bs

CvenTvis cnobili mwerlis, giorgi mer-

Cules didi ganaTleba da erudicia.

unda vivaraudoT, rom qarTul enaze

arsebobda saeklesio-kanonikuri krebule-

bi, magram rogorc aRvniSneT, konstan-

tinopolis 920 wlis saeklesio krebam

akrZala yvela Zveli krebulis gamoy-

eneba, garda `14-titlovani nomokanon-

isa~, amitomac Zveli qarTuli kanoni-

kuri samarTlis krebulebi (Targmanebi),

Cans, amoRebul iqna xmarebidan, Sesa-

Zloa amitomac ar moaRwia Cvenamde.

CvenSi rom msoflio krebaTa kanon-

ebis ganmartebani arsebobda, unda miu-

TiTebdes V-VI krebis kanonebis eqvTime

aToneliseuli Targmani-ganmarteba. man,

miuxedavad zemoaRniSnuli akrZalvisa,

rogorc Cans, mainc gaagrZela qarTul

eklesiaSi tradiciuli muSaoba saek-

lesio kanonebze da mogvca aRniSnuli

krebis dadgenilebebi e.w. `mcire sju-

lis kanonis saxiT~.

iv. javaxiSvilis SexedulebiT ̀ qarTu-

li kanonikuri mwerlobis pirveli Ze-

glebi ukve xanmetobis xanaSi yofila~.247

247 qarTuli samarTlis istoria, 1928, t. I, gv. 28.


sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VI-VII saukuneebSi

iv . javaxiSvilis azriT, msoflio

krebaTa sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi qarTul

enaze ukve gadmoRebuli unda yofiliyo

VI s-is bolosa da VII s-is dasawyisSi.

es mosazreba efuZneba èpistoleTa wig-

nis~ ganxilvas. kirioni abraam somexTa

kaTalikoss werda erT-erT epistole-

Si _ `me gadmovaTargmnine da gaaxle

oTxi krebis wignebi, romliTac xelmZR-

vaneloben romaelebi (e.i. bizantiele-

bi), agreTve igive iqadageba anastas-wmi-

dasa da wmida sionSic (e.i. ierusalimis

eklesiaSi) – gindaT Tu ara, esaa Cveni

sarwmunoeba~, am sityvebidan Cans, rom

kirion kaTalikoss abraam kaTalikosi-

saTvis oTxi msoflio krebis aRsarebisSemcveli Zegli gadmouTargmnia.248 amave

epistoleSi ganmartebulia, Tu saidan

aiRo kirionma oTxi msoflio krebis aRm-

sarebloba _ kirioni wers: `Cven Cveni

gonebiT araferi dagviweria, aramed Ti-

Toeuli saeklesio krebaTa wignebidan

aris amoRebuli~.249

z. aleqsiZis TargmaniT ase JRers es

sityvebi: ìcodeT, rom es Cven TviTon ki

ar davwereT, aramed TviToeuli krebis

wignidan [amoviReT] da sarwmunoeba Rmer-

Tis mowyalebiT CvenSia. davwereT sruli

WeSmaritebiT, ara Tu mcire gamoZiebiT,

aramed didad davSveriT da vcaniT~.250

iv . javaxiSvili daaskvnis, `VI-VII

ss-Si saqarTvelos eklesias msoflio

krebebis Zeglis weraTa wigni hqonia da

amnairad kanonikuri mwerloba am SemTx-

vevaSi msoflio eklesiis kanonebis Targ-

man ebis saxiT mainc ukve arsebobda

rasakvirvelia adgilobiTi krebebis Zeg-

lisweraTa wignebic iqneboda~.249 qarTulikanonikuri mwerlobis dasawyisad iv. jav-axiSvils miaCnia xanmetobis xana.249 k.

kekeliZe ar iziarebs am Tvalsazrissda miiCnevs, rom XI-XII ss-mde qarTvelebsar uTargmniaT kanonikuri Zeglebi. k.kekeliZes eTanxmeba e. gabiZaSvili damiiCnevs, rom `dasaxelebul krebaTasruli aqtebis qarTul enaze am drois-aTvis arseboba Zalian saeWvod migvaC-nia, miT umetes, rom nikeis I da kon-

stantinopolis II msoflio krebaTa aqtebi– krebis sxdomaTa zustad Cawerilioqmebi, rogorc III , IV, V, VI da VIImsoflio krebebis Sesaxeb gvaqvs, saer-Tod ar unda arsebuliyo~.251

SesaZloa, marTlac, ar arsebobda Ida II msoflio krebaTa zustad Cawer-ili oqmebi, magram III da IV msoflio

krebaTa mier gamocemuli kanonebis Targ-mna SeeZloT qarTvelebs somxur ekle-siasTan udidesi mniSvnelobis mqone ka-maTis dros, roca am saeklesio sak-iTxs, faqtobrivad, saxelmwifoebrivi,eris momavali cxovrebis ganmsazRvrelimniSvneloba hqonda da es orive moka-maTe krebam kargad icoda. am mxriv iv.

javaxiSvilis mosazreba misaRebia. miT-umetes, rom kirioni orjer axsenebs ̀ oTxkrebaTa wignebs~,252 amasTanave Tavis epis-toles Tan urTavs I, II , III da IVkrebaTa masalebs.253

al. vaCeiSvili am sakiTxSi eTanxmebaiv. javaxiSvils da miaCnia, rom VI-IX ss-Si eklesiis Sinagani cxovrebis mosawes-

rigeblad, saxelmwifosa da kerZo pirebT-an urTierTobis mosagvareblad iuridi-ul normebs bizantiidan gadmoiRebdnen.254

248 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 44; 249 iqve, gv. 44; 250 epistoleTa wigni, 1968, gv. 111; 251 didisjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 14; 252 epistoleTa wigni, gv. 102; 253 iqve , 102-111; 254 al. vaCeiSvili,narkvevebi , qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan, I, 1946, gv. 167.


sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VIII-IX saukuneebSi

iv . javaxiSvilis azriT, qarTul

enaze saeklesio kanonebis krebuli ukve

grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi arsebobda,

rasac gvafiqrebinebs giorgi merCulis

saistorio TxzulebaSi Sesuli erTi

cnoba. javaxeTis saeklesio krebaze

guaram mamfals ganucxadebia: `wmidano

mamano, episkoposno da meudabnoeno, iciT

yovelTa kanoni SjulisaY, rameTu ara

brZanebs episkoposisa da kaTalikosisa

mZlavrobiT dajdomasa~. amis sapasuxod

grigol xanZTels agreTve msoflio saek-

lesio kanonmdeblobidan amoRebuli

sabuTebiT miugia: `wmidaTa mociqulTa

da RirsTa maT mRvdelT-moZRvarTagan gan-

sazRvrebulsa kanonsa Sina arave brZa-

nebul ars eriskacTa viTarmca episko-

posTa da wesisa winamZRvarTa mamaTa gan-

sagebelisa sjulis moZRvrebasa ikadreb-

da~. iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, aqedan aSkar-

ad Cans, rom ara mxolod saeklesio

moZRvrebi, aramed ganaTlebuli eriska-

cebic ki icnobdnen `Sjulis kanons~,

masze amyarebdnen TavianT sabuTebsa da

msjelobas.255 iv. javaxiSvilma gaarkvia,

rom es sabuTebi, kerZod, eyrdnoboda

`Sjuliskanonis~ im nawils, romelsac

ewodeboda `mociqulTa gansazRvrebuli

kanonebi~ da `mRvdelmoZRvarTa gan-

sazRvrebuli kanonebi~. iv. javaxiSvili

askvnis, `warmoudgenelia, rom msoflio

saeklesio krebebis kanonebic naTargmni

ar yofiliyo~.256 cxadia, SesaZloa es

ar yofiliyo is saboloo redaqcia,

romelic 14 titulovani krebulis sax-

eliTaa cnobili, aramed erT-erTi kre-

buli im sjuliskanonTagan, romelic bi-

zantiaSi Zalze mravlad arsebobda. Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom tao-klar-

jeTs bizantia miiCnevda Tavisi imperiis

Tu nawilad ara, masze daqvemdebarebul

teritoriad mainc, cxadia, imperiis ter-

itoriaze arsebul marTlmadidebel ek-

lesiebs unda hqonodaT kidec bizanti-

uri sjuliskanonebis Targmanebi, sxvag-

varad eklesiis marTva SeuZlebeli

Seiqneboda, gansakuTrebiT im dros, roca

somxuri eklesia pretenzias acxadebda

tao-klarjeTze, raTa igi Tavis iuris-

diqciaSi Seeyvana (iseve, rogorc iyo

VI-VII ss-is periodSi). aseT dros somx-

ur eklesiasTan paeqrobisas, cxadia,

qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebsa da meudabnoeebs

xelT eqnebodaT Sesabamisi saeklesio

kanonmdebloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom somx-

ur eklesias isini Tavidanve hqonda. k.

kekeliZis azriT, `X s-is bolomde

qarTul enaze ar Senaxula aramcTu raime

kanonikuri krebuli, aramed cotad Tu

bevrad eWvmiutaneli da kategoriuli

cnoba aseTi krebulis arsebobis Sesax-

eb~.257 magram, Tuki qarTvelebi bizan-

tiaSi sagangebod agzavnidnen TavianT

warmomadgenlebsa da delegatebs im droi-

saTvis marTlmadideblobis centrebSi ar-

sebuli saeklesio tipikonebis, gangebeb-

is, wes-Cveulebebis aRwerilobaTa mosa-

poveblad, ratom ar unda dainteresebu-

liyo qarTuli mxare, bizantiaSive moe-

povebina saeklesio kanonmdebloba, ma-

Sin roca igi hqonda mis mezobel somx-

ur eklesiasac? `Zeglis weraTa wigne-

255 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 42; 256 iqve, gv. 42; 257 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturisistoria, t. I, 1980, gv. 560.


bi~, romelnic kirion kaTalikoss abraam

kaTalikosisTvis gaugzavnia, kidec rom

ar yofiliyo kanonikuri Zeglebi, rogorc

k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, aramed sarwmunoe-

briv-aRmsareblobiTi xasiaTis dogma-

tikuri formulebi, mainc, maT Sexeba

unda hqonodaT kanonikasTan, radganac

dogmatikuri mwerlobac efuZneboda msof-

lio krebaTa gansazRvrebebs, mociqul-

Ta kanonebsa da eklesiis cnobil moZR-

varTa kanonikur epistoleebs, ganmarte-

bebs, rac kanonikis safuZvelia. somex-

qarTvelTa saeklesio cilobis dros mox-

seniebulia leon didis tomosi, epis-

tole, romelsac IV msoflio qalkedo-

nis krebis dros gadamwyveti mniSvnelo-

ba mieniWa. èpistoleTa wignSi~ naTq-

vamia, rom rogorc qarTvelebma, ise somx-

ebma ganixiles qalkedonis krebaTa dad-

genilebebi da leonis epistolec. ̀ ueWve-

lia es dokumentebi qarTuladac iqne-

boda naTargmni~ – daaskvnis k. kekel-

iZe.258 rac miuTiTebs, rom im daucxromeli

brZolisa da kamaTis dros, romelic mim-

dinareobda somxur eklesiasTan VI-X ss-

Si qarTvelebi praqtikuli saWiroebis

gamo iZulebulnic ki iqnebodnen, eTarg-

mnaT kanonikuri xasiaTis Zeglebi berZnu-

li enidan. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom

episkoposi stefane mtbevari somxur ek-

lesiasTan kamaTis dros axsenebs swored

msoflio krebaTa kanonebs, roca wers –

somxebma `moZRvarTa mier wmidaTa kre-

baTa RvTivsulierTa kanoni saeklesio

Seuracxyves~,259 rac kanonikuri mwer-

lobis qarTulad arsebobas gulisxmobs.

258 iqve, gv. 469; 259 saqarTvelos samoTxe, gv. 394.


sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi X-XI saukuneebSi

wmida eqvTime mTawmidelma X s-is

bolos Targmna ioane sqolastikosis sa-

marTlebrivi krebuli da VI msoflio

krebis dadgenilebebi. amiT, k. kekeliZis

azriT, daiwyo qarTuli saeklesio-iu-

ridiuli mwerloba.260 Tumca, qarTuli

didi sjuliskanonis mkvlevari prof. vl.

beneSeviCi fiqrobda, rom X s-mde qarTul

enaze TviT didi sjuliskanonic ki iyo

Targmnili. k. kekeliZe beneSeviCis mo-

sazreb ebs ar eTanxmeb a. akritike bs

agreTve iv. javaxiSvils, romelic fiqrob-

da, rom didi sjuliskanoni arsen iyal-

Toelamde iyo Targmnili. k. kekeliZe

wers - `kanonikur krebulTa Targmani-

saTvis pirvelad xeli moukidnia eqv-

Time aTonels, rogorc mas Cveulebad

hqonda, am SemTxvevaSic, gadmosaTargmn

ZeglTa SerCevisas, saxelmZRvanelo prin-

cipad man aiRo praqtikuli, yoveldRi-

uri mniSvneloba cxovrebisaTvis ama Tu

im nawarmoebisa da Tanac gadmoTargmna

ara im saxiT, rogorc is dedanSi iyo,

aramed misi Sedgenilobisa da redaqci-

is cotaodeni SecvliT qarTul sinamd-

vilesTan SefardebiT~.261

pavle ingoroyva gansxvavebuli mo-

sazrebisaa da miiCnevs, rom X-XI ss-

saTvis samarTlis mecnierebas saqarTvelo-

Si ganviTarebis maRali donisaTvis mi-

uRwevia.. . `X-XI ss-Si saqarTveloSi

yofilan mecnier-iuristebi, romelTac

ewodebodaT `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeT-

ani~, bagrat IV-is cnobili sigelidan

irkveva, rom `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeT-

ani~ sagangebod miiwveodnen xolme sax-

elmwifos uzenaesi organos - saxelm-

wifo darbazis sxdomaze rTuli iurid-

iuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis dros~.262

260 k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 561; 261 iqve, gv. 564; 262 p. ingoroyva, girogi merCule, 1954, gv. 23.


p. ingoroyva ixilavs termins `rCu-

li~ da `merCule~ da daaskvnis: `mer-

Cule iyo mecnieri `rCulisa~, special-

urad kanonikuri samarTlis swavluli,

mcodne da amave dros mecnieri mTeli

saqristiano moZRvrebisa, damwereli

rCulisa, e.i. Teologi, mecnieri... eqv-

Time mTawmidelis teqstidan irkveva, rom

`merCule~ iyo ara mxolod `mecnieri~

rCulisa, qristianuli moZRvre bisa,

aramed amave dros `rCulis~ siwmidis

mcveli. `merCule~ `ganawesebs kanonsa~

maTTvis, romlebic gardaxdnen qristian-

uli `rCulis~ wesebs, e.i. `merCule~

uflebamosilia ikisros amave dros kanon-

ikuri samarTlis msajulis funqciebi...

Tu ramdenad didi iyo `merCuleTa~ (msa-

julTa) avtoriteti Zvel saqarTvelo-

Si, amas adasturebs Zveli qarTuli kanon-

ikuri Zegli `mcneba sasjulo~, sadac

kaTalikoss aqvs Semdegi zewodeba `mes-

juleTa (e.i. merCuleTa) Tavi da uxuc-

esi~. p. ingoroyvas gamokvlevis Tanax-

mad, grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis aRm-

wereli giorgi merCule yofila `rCu-

lis~ sakiTxTa kanonikuri samarTlis

swavluli mcodne.263 amitomac, Tavis Tx-

zulebaSi aSuqebs kanonikuri samarTlis

sakiTxebs, rasac gamowvlilviT ixilavs

javaxeTis saeklesio krebis msvlelobis

aRweris dros, agreTve cqiris istori-

is gadmoce misas . aRn iSnuli kre b a

saqarTvelos eklesiisa, p. ingoroyvas

mixedviT, Sedga 845-850 wlebSi, javax-

eTSi, mTavar guaram mamfalis mowveviT.

krebaze warmodgenilni yofilan sxvebT-

an erTad `wesisa da Sjulisa maswavle-

belni~, romelnic ̀ wessa daudebdes ersa~.

ara mxolod sasuliero pirTagan, aramed

eriskacTaganac ki im epoqaSi mravalni

yofilan `rCulisa moZRvarni~, `saRmr-

ToTa wignTa mecnierni da enaTaTaca

wurTilni~, SeeZloT `rCulis gamoZie-

ba~ da `moZRvreba~. es `wesisa da rCu-

lisa maswavlebelni~ ucxoeTSic – ieru-

salimsa da konstantinopolSic mogzau-

robdnen da iqidan saWiroebis SemTx-

vevaSi CamohqondaT `keTili wesi~. wesi

igive saeklesio kanonia. Tumca, yvela

`wesi~ rodi iyo gamosadegi imdroinde-

li qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis – rad-

ganac ̀ tvirTi SjulisaY da wesi qriste-

anobisaY, romeli aw qveyanasa Cvensa

upyries, friad keTil ars~ da `tvirTi

ganwesebuli eyofin navsa, ukueTu daum-

Zimo – dainTqas da ukueTu subuqad

iyos, qarTa da RelvaTa waritacon~.

saeklesio-iuridiuli ganaTlebis ma-

Ralma donem SesaZlebeli gaxada X s-is

bolos warmoqmn iliyo origin aluri

qarTuli kanonikuri krebuli, romelic

`mcire sjuliskanonis~ saxeliTaa cno-

bili. ase mas uwoda TviT krebulis

Semdgenelma wmida eqvTime mTawmidel-

ma. man Targmna berZnuli kanonikuri

mwerlobis sxvadasxva wyaro, nawilo-

briv gadaamuSava da masSi Seitana qarTu-

li masala. sabolood, es krebuli

garkveuli xnis manZilze iTvleboda

qarTuli eklesiis saxelmZRvanelod da

dResac aqvs praqtikuli mniSvneloba

eklesiisaTvis, radganac miuxedav ad

arsen iyalToelis mier Targmnili ̀ didi

sjuliskanonis~ arsebobisa, igi sauku-

neTa manZilze gamoiyeneboda. 26 4

mitropolit konstantines TqmiT –

wm. eqvTimes es Zeglebi zustad rodi

gadmouRia, igi am kanonebs cvlis, amok-

26 3 p. ingoroyva, girogi merCule, 1954 , gv . 27 ; 2 64 `mcire sjuliskanoni~, e . giunaSvilisgamocema, 1972.


lebs, zogierTi sruliad ar Seaqvs Tavis

wignSi, zogjer ki Semoaqvs iseTi masa-

la, romelic saerTod ar icis berZnul-

ma dedanma. yovelive amis gamo `mcire

sjuliskanoni~ Tumca bizantiuri saek-

lesio samarTlis ZeglTa mixedviTaa

Sedgenili, magram mainc im principiT,

romliTac xelmZRvanelobda qristiano-

ba: emoqmeda ama Tu im xalxis bunebis

Sesabamisad da ara mis sawinaaRmdegod.

am principidan gamomdinare, eqvTimes saek-

l e sio ka n o n Ta kr e b ul i i md e n a d

`gauqarTulebia~, rom Tavisi struqtu-

riT igi erTaderTia msoflio qristian-

uli samarTlis istoriaSi.265

VIII-X ss-is qarTuli eklesia gan-

sakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aqcevda somx-

uri eklesiisagan qarTuli mrevlis dac-

vas, radganac, rogorc es aRniSnuli

iyo `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

istoriis~ II tomSi, somxuri eklesia

pretenziebs acxadebda qarTvel mrev-

lze, surda kvlavindeburad moeqcia taos,

samxreT saqarTvelos, gugarqisa da here-

Tis qarTveloba Tavisi iurisdiqciis

qveS, iseve, rogorc es adre iyo, gan-

sakuTrebiT VI-VII ss-Si (Tumca hereTi

somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciisagan mx-

olod X s-Si gaTavisuflda). am mizezis

gamo samxreT saqarTvelos qarTul ek-

le si as k vla v i nd e b ur ad et yo bo da

monofizituri eklesiis daRi. Cans, zo-

gierTi qarTveli kvlav monofizituri

eklesiis gavlenis qveS iyo, amitomac

deda eklesiis mrevlis dacvis mizniT,

eqvTimem Tavis sjuliskanonSi mravali

cnoba, miTiTeba da kanoni Seitana im

wesebis Sesaxeb, romelnic somxur ek-

lesiaSi iyo miRebuli, magram sinamd-

vileSi ki mwvaleblobas warmoadgenda,

kerZod, monofizituri xasiaTisas.266 k.

kekeliZis sityviT – eqvTimem gadmosa-

Targmn kanonikur ZeglTa Soris Sear-

Cia isini, romelTac praqtikuli, yoveld-

Riuri mniSvneloba hqonda.267

`mcire sjuliskanoni~ gamosacemad

moamzada elguja giunaSvilma. X s-is

bolos eqvTime mTawmidelis mier Sedge-

nili `mcire sjuliskanoni~ e. giunaSvi-

lis mier miiCneva qarTuli klasikuri

kanonikuri mwerlobis saTaved. igi eqv-

Time mTawmidels Seudgenia berZnuli

kanonikuri mwerlobis sxvadasxva wyaros

mixedviT da saqarTvelos saeklesio praq-

tikaSi farTod gamoiyeneboda. es kanon-

ikuri krebuli Tavisi SedgenilobiT

originaluri da erTaderTia qristianu-

li eklesiis samarTlis istoriaSi. misi

msgavsi Sedgenilobis krebuli ar icis

arc erTi qveynis saeklesio samarTlis

istoriam. `mcire sjuliskanoni~ oTxi

nawilisagan Sedgeba: 1. `wesi da gangeba

da rCuliskanoni meequsisa krebisaY~; 2.

kanonni SecodebulTani; 3. kanonni dRi-

Ti-dReTa cTomisani; 4. Zegliswera sar-

wmunoebisaY. eqvTime mTawmidels es kre-

buli 1005 wlamde Seudgenia.268

e. giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, wmida

eqvTime mTawmidelis kanonikuri krebu-

lis pirvel nawils warmoadgens tru-

lis 692 wlis krebis kanonebi, krebul-

Si is wodebulia VI msoflio krebis

kanonebad. krebulis meore nawilia Sec-

odebulTa kanonebi, konstantinopolis

patriarqis ioane mmarxvelis (582-595)

Sroma, Tumca specialistebis Tval-

265 saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, eqvTime aTonelis saeklesio kanonTa krebuli gadmoRebuli axalqarTul enaze, Tb. , 1983, gv. 5; 266 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 48; 267 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTulilit. ist., I , gv. 564; 268 e. giunaSvili, winasityva, `mcire sjuliskanoni~, 1972, gv . 4.


sazrisiT es kanonebi VIII s-is bolosa

da X s-is Sua aRmocenda.269 krebulis

mesame nawils qarTul samecniero lit-

eraturaSi basili didis kanonebi Seer-

qva, Tumca e. giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT,

es kanonebi IX s-is Semdeg aRmocenda

da X s-Si sakmaod yofila gavrcelebu-

li saRvTismetyvelo praqtikaSi. krebis

meoTxe nawili qarTul samecniero lit-

eraturaSi iwodeboda VII msoflio kre-

bis kanonebad. e . giunaSvilis Tval-

sazrisiT, es Secdomaa, sinamdvileSi es

nawili warmoadgens 843 wlis konstan-

tinopolis adgilobrivi krebis `sarw-

munoebis Zeglisweras~.270

`rogorc eqvTimes krebulidan Cans,

somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio dava am dros

isev ZalaSia~, 271 es sakiTxi eqvTimes

krebulis kanonebSic aisaxa. magaliTad,

`wesi da gangeba da rjuliskanoni mequ-

sisa krebisaY~-s 68-e muxlSi, kerZod,

naTqvamia - `queyanasa mas somxeTisasa

wmidaTa da patiosanTa xatTa gamosax-

vasa ara Seiwynarebdnen, rameTu urCu-

loman man petros mkawvralman viTaca

`saCecari~ aswava, egreTve eseca boro-

ti wvalebaT sadme maT Soris dasTe-

sa~.272 72-e muxlis mixedviT, `gveuwya

viTarmed queyanasa somxiTisasa saklvelTa

dahklven, locvarsa da xorcsa mas SeiR-

eben eklesiad da miscemen mRvdelTa naw-

ilsa wesisa misebr Zuelisa rCulisa,

viTarca iqmodes huriani, xolo ese wesi

gareSe ars wesTagan kaTolike eklesi-

isa~.273 rogorc cnobilia, msgavsi Cveva

saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT mTianeTSi,

amJamadac arsebobs (Tumca xorci ekle-

siaSi ar SeaqvT), safiqrebelia, rom es

Cveva gadmonaSTia I-IV ss-Si arsebul

pirvelqristianul, e.w. iudauri qris-

tianuli wesebisa. varaudia gamoTqmuli

(T. mgalobliSvili), rom I-IV ss-Si Cven-

Si, ise rogorc aRmosavleTis qveynebSi

(siria, somxeTi, mcire azia), gavrcele-

buli iyo qristianobis Tavdapirveli

saxe, e.w. iudauri qristianoba, romel-

Sic mravlad iyo wesebi `Zuelisa rCu-

lisa, viTarca iqmodes huriani~, T. mga-

lobliSvilisa da sxvaTa TvalsazrisiT

es iudauri qristianoba IV s-dan Secv-

ala `berZnulma qristianobam~, romel-

mac akrZala Zveli Cvevebi, magram Cans,

aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi (bizantia-

Si) mimdinare es procesi SedarebiT ucxo

iyo ka v kasiis im e klesie b is aTv is ,

romelnic imperiis gareT, zogjer ki

arabizantiuri saxelmwifos gavlenis

sferoSi imyofebodnen. Cans, es procesi

(Zveli adgilobrivi qristianuli Cveve-

bis berZnuliT Secvla) CvenSi aqtualuri

gaxda gansakuTrebiT X s-is Semdeg, qarTu-

li eklesiis mTawmiduri saganmanaTleb-

lo frTis warmoqmnam XI s-dan procesi

Seuqcevadi gaxada, Tumca, etyoba, mTian,

e.w. ̀ soflur~ adgilebSi aseTi (e.i. pirv-

el-qristianuli, IV s-mdeli) Cvevebi

kidev didxans darCenila.

amis magaliTia `mcire sjuliskano-

nis~ pirveli nawilis 73-e muxlSi

mocemuli VII s-is kanonis darRveva

qarTuli eklesiis `sofluri xucesis~

mier XI s-Si, kerZod, am kanonSi naTq-

vamia - `guesma, Tu queyanasa somxeTi-

sasa Tvinier Sesamoslisa xucesni aRas-

ruleben wirvasa TvisiTve SesamosliTa

da es didi wvaleba ars sxuaTave Tana

cTomaTa da aw Cuen vamcnebT ukueTu

vinme ikadros marTlmadidebelman mRvdel-

269 e. giunaSvili, winasityva, `mcire sjuliskanoni~, 1972, gv. 6; 270 iqve, gv. 11; 271 iqve, gv. 12;272 iqve, gv. 63; 273 iqve, gv. 73.


man anu diakonman Tvinier Sesamoslisa

Jamiswirva, ganakanonos da dae yenos

Jamiswirvisagan, vidremdes moigos wesi-

ereba da ebiskoposman pirveladve ixi-

los misi stiqari, uReli, da zewari da

egreT xelni dasxnes~.274

e.i. trulis saeklesio krebis mamebs

amcnes, rom aRmosavleTis (somxeTis) ek-

lesiebSi, mRvdlebi wiravdnen eklesieb-

Si ara sagangebo SesamosliT, aramed

TavianTi yoveldRiuri tansacmeliT. es

krebam miiCnia wvalebad da aukrZala

aseTi saxiT wirvis Catareba samRvde-

loe bas. maT wirvisas unda CaecvaT

stiqari (kaba), uReli (albaT olari)

da zewari (omofori). es wesi albaT

dainerga kidec CvenSi, magram XI s-is

40-iani wlebis bolos zogierTi qarTveli

mRvdeli antioqiaSi, kerZod ki svimon-

wmidis monasterSi Zveleburi wesiT, e.i.

Tavisi yoveldRiuri da ara sagangebo

wirvis SesamosliT wiravda. es SeumCne-

viaT berZen berebs, maSinve gangaSi au-

texiaT, wirvisagan `dauyenebiaT~ qarTve-

li berebi, Semdeg ki antioqiis patri-

arqTan uCivliaT. Tavis mxriv ki, es

giorgi mTawmidelisaTvis ucnobebiaT,

romelsac dasWirda axsna-ganmartebis

micema imis dasamtkiceblad, rom qarTveli

berebi marTlmadideblebi iyvnen, da ara

sarwmunoebriv i C ve veb is SebRalvis,

aramed ucodinarobis mizeziT iqceod-

nen ase. giorgi mcire wers - `qarTveli

xucesi svimeon-wmidas Jamsa ver wirvi-

da amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu romelsame

Jamsa sofluri vinme xucesi axlad Camo-

suli wmidasa svimeonis svetsa zeda gas-

rul iyo Jamiswirvad qalamniTa da sa-

beWuriTa Tvinier samRvdeloYsa Sesa-

moslisa, viTarca iyo pirvelad wesi

Cueni~.275 e.i. giorgi mcires azriT, ̀ pirve-

li wesi Cveni~ iyo ara sagangebo wirvis

SesamosliT wirva, aramed Cveulebrivi,

yov eldRiuri tan sacmliT . e s wesi

berZnul eklesiaSi VI-VII ss-Sive ganidev-

na, magram aRmosavlur eklesiebSi, maT

Soris CvenSic didxans, `mcire rjulis

kanonis~ gamocemis epoqaSic darCenila,

swored am da sxva eklesiis praqtikuli

mizezebisaTvis iqna kidec eqvTime mTaw-

midelis mier Sedgenili es krebuli.

274 `mcire sjuliskanoni~, 1972, gv. 77; 275 giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisaY, Zv eliqarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni II, gv. 1967.


saqarTvelos eklesia nawilia msof-

lio eklesiisa, amitomac msoflio saek-

lesio krebebis dadgenilebani saqarTve-

loSi warmoadgenda moqmed samarTals.

14 Tavad, anu titlebad dayofil berZnu-

li samarTlis ZiriTad kanonikur kre-

buls – CvenSi didi sjuliskanonis sax-

eliT icnobdnen da mas Tavisi saboloo

saxe dedanSi miuRia wm. fotis Rvawlis

Sedegad. igi bizantiaSi gamoCenila VI

s-Si da sxva krebulebTan SedarebiT VII

s-dan upiratesoba moupovebia. igi, iv.

javaxiSvilis TqmiT, IX-X ss-Si qarTu-

ladac unda yofiliyo naTargmni.276

k. kekeliZe `did sjuliskanons~ mi-

iCnevda 1114 wlis Semdeg Targmnilad

XII s-is pirvel meoTxedSi,277 Tumca

Tavis kerZo werilSi, romelic man vl.

beneSeviCs gaugzavna, aRiarebda, rom

ruis-urbnisis `Zegliswera~ gulisxmobs

`didi sjuliskanonis~ qarTulad arse-

bobas, e.i. Zegli Targmnilia am krebam-

de . e . gabiZaSvili gamoTqvams Tavis

gakvirveb as imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom

ùaryo k. kekeliZem es azri~.278

e . gabiZaSvili ar eTanxmeba iv. jav-

axiSvilis azrs `didi sjuliskanonis~

ramdenime Targmanis arsebobis Sesaxeb

da miiCnevs, rom àrsen iyalToelis

mier Targmnili `didi sjuliskanoni~

berZnuli 14-titlovani nomokanonis –

erTaderTi Targmania qarTulad da es

Zegli arc manamde da arc Semdeg ar

yofila gadmoRebuli~. 279

Tumca, kidev erTxel unda aRiniS-

nos, rom ivane javaxiSvils ar eeWvebo-

da didi sjuliskanonis dReisaTvis cno-

bili Targmanis Sesruleba arsen iyal-

Toelis mier, magram miiCnevda, rom igi

ar iyo pirveli mTargmneli da manamdec

arsebobda Zvel TargmanTa redaqciebi.

iv. javaxiSvilis es mosazreba, vfiqrobT,

dResac misaRebia, Tumca ki mis mosazrebas

yvela ar iziarebs. gasaziarebelia iv.

javaxiSvilis Tvalsazrisi, rom arsen

iyalToels ar akmayofilebda didi

sjuliskanonis Zveli Targmanebi da ami-

tom man igi xelaxla Targmna, SesaZloa

daviT aRmaSeneblis davalebiT.280

amJamad miiCneva, rom 883 wels foti

patriarqis mier Camoyalibebuli dResac

moqmedi 14-titlovani nomokanonis re-

daqciis qarTuli Targmani Seasrula arsen

iyalToelma XI s-is bolosa da XII s-

is dasawyisSi.281

`didi sjuliskanoni~ Seicavs:

1. mociqulTa saxeliT cnobil 85

kanons.

2. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa ka-

nonebs.

3. im adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa

kanonebs, romlebic TavianTi mniSvnelo-

biTa da warmomadgenelTa didi avtori-

tetiT tradiciulad miCneulia am kre-

bulSi Setanis Rirsad.

4. eklesiis didi mamebis kanonebs.

5. krebulis qarTul redaqcias er-

Tvis agreTve ruis-urbnisis saeklesio

wm. fotis nomokanonis, anu didi sjuliskanonis

qarTuli Targmani

276 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 38; 277 k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria I, 1960, gv. 284;278 `didi sjuliskanoni~, gamosacemad moamzades e. gabiZaSvilma, e . giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZe m,Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 20; 279 iqve, gv. 19; 280 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 41; 281 saRvTismetyvelo krebuli,1987, #1, gv. 1-3.


krebis kanonebi, es kreba sruliad saqar-

Tvelos mefis daviT aRmaSeneblis mier

iyo mowveuli 1105 wels da mas gan-

sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda qarTu-

li eklesiisaTvis.282

`didi sjuliskanonis~ Zveli qarTu-

li redaqciis teqsti zemoT miTiTebuli

SedgenilobiT, gadmoRebuli axal qar-

Tulze, gamoqveynebulia 1987 wlis saek-

lesio kalendarSi.

melqisedek kaTalikosi Tavis `daw-

erilSi~ (1031/33 ww.) Senawir wignTa

Soris asaxelebs wigns - `Sjuliskanoni

axali~.283 k. kekeliZe mas axlad gadaw-

eril sjuliskanonad miiCnevs.

iv. surgulaZe284 miiCnevs, rom `didi

sjuliskanoni (XI-XII ss-is mijna) na-

Targmnia arsen iyalToelis mier. nomo-

kanoni berZnulad niSnavs kanons da wess.

nomokanonebi ewodeba marTlmadideblur

saeklesio samarTlis krebulebs, rom-

lebic Seicaven eklesiis Sinaganawess,

agreTve yofa-cxovrebisa da saojaxo

samarTlis normebis debulebebs. .. sab-

olood, Camoyalibda IX s-is ukanasknel

meoTxedSi 14-titlovani nomokanonis, e.w.

883 wlis redaqciis saxiT. man konstan-

tinopolis 920 wlis saeklesio kreba-

ze zogadqristianuli saxelmZRvanelos

xasiaTi miiRo. kanonikuri kode qsis

wyaroebi oTx jgufad iyofa: 1. `mo-

ciqulTa~-s saxeliT cnobili 85 saek-

lesio kanoni, romelic saeklesio kanon-

mdeblobis pirvel werilobiT Zeglad iTv-

leba; 2. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa

kanonebi; 3. adgilobrivi saeklesio kanon-

ebi; 4. avtoritetul saeklesio moR-

vaweTa epistolaruli kanonmdebloba.

kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesuli wyaroebis

kodifikacia TandaTan mimdinareobda III

s-dan IX s-mde. am drois ganmavlobaSi

epoqis saWiroebis mixedviT, icvleba

kanonikuri krebulis Sinaarsobrivi Se-

madgenloba. nomokanons qristianul sax-

elmwifoSi moqmedi samarTlis mniSvnelo-

ba hqonda. Zegli qarTulad gadmoTargm-

nilia arsen iyalToelis mier XI s-is

miwurulsa da XII s-is pirvel wlebSi.

arsen iyalToelia Zeglis qarTulad

pirveli mTargmneli.285

282 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 507; 283 qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984,gv. 24; 284 qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi, 1984; 285 didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 18-19.


saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi

XVIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi

`mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme orisave swori aris

imitom, rom erTi xorcis xelmwifea da meore sulisa~.

(vaxt. kan. 25).

zogjer ismis kiTxva – vaxtang VI

kaTolikuri aRmsareblobisa iyo, Tu mar-

Tlmadidebeli? am kiTxvas mefe-rjulm-

debelma TviTonve mravaljer upasuxa da

marTlmadideblobis daufaravi aRmsare-

blobis gamo iZulebuli Seiqna qarTlis

samefo taxti daetovebina osmaloTa da

iranelTa nebiT, romelTa uRelqveSac

iyo moqceuli Cveni qveyana im dros.

sityvieri gancxadebis garda, vaxtang

VI-m saqmiT daamtkica Tavisi marTlma-

didebluri aRmsarebloba, gansakuTrebiT,

samarTlis sferoSi muSaobis dros.

Tavidanve unda vTqvaT, vaxtangma sxva

did marTlmadidebel erebze ufro adre

misca qarTvel ers saeklesio sakanonm-

deblo ZeglTa ganmartebani cnobili bi-

zantieli kanonistebisa, romelnic, cxa-

dia, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis udide-

si maswavleblebi iyvnen. esaa maTe blas-

taris `sintagma~ da konstantine ar-

menopulos èqvsi wigni~.

maTe blastari (XIV s.) marTlma-

didebluri eklesiis kanonikuri samarT-

lis udidesi avtoritetia. misi mTavari

iuridiuli Sromaa: alfabeturi sintag-

ma msoflio saeklesio krebaTa dadge-

nilebebis da saero kanonebisa. es naS-

romi man 1335 wels Seadgina,286 misi

sruli saTauria àlfabeturi sintagma

yvela sagnisa, romelsac Seicavs saRvTo

da wmida kanonebi~. misi wyaroebia _

saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani da

kanone bi, agreTve romis samarTali

leon brZen is basilikamde . naSromi

Se icavs 24 ganyofilebas b erZ nuli

anbanis rigis mixedviT.

maTe blastaris `sintagma~ farTod

iyo gavrcelebuli, warmoadgenda mar-

Tlmadidebluri eklesiis erT-erT Ziri-

Tad saxelmZRvanelos, igi saeklesio

sjulmdeblobis mniSvnelovani wyaro iyo

marTlmadideblur qveynebSi.

kon stantine armenopulo iyo no-

mofilaqsi (k anonTa mcveli da maTi

marTebulad gamoyeneb is magistrati).

cxovrobda XIV s-Si , TesalonikSi,

mravali iuridiuli Sromis avtoria,

misi ZiriTadi naSromis saxeli Semok-

le biT gamoiTqmis _ è qv si wigni~.

misi wyaroa imp eratorTa b asilis,

kon stantines da leon is proxoroni

(kanonTa saxelmZRvan elo) , basilikis

(mefeTa wignis) Semokleb a (sinopsi-

si) da sasamarTlo praqtika, impera-

torebis dadgenile bebi (leon brZe-

nis, konstantine porfirogenetis, ro-

manoz I -is, romanoz III-is, n ikifore

fokas, basili I I-is, ale qsi da man-

uel komne nosebis nov elebidan), leon

brZ enis nov elebis krebuli, sxva wya-

roe bi, aseve , mociqulTa da saekle-

286 i. doliZe , qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I. 1963, gv. 581.


sio kreb aTa kanone bi , sinodisa da

sap atriarqos dadgenilebeb i. 28 7

vaxtang VI marTlmadidebluri aRm-

sareblobis mxurvale mosiyvarule rom

ar yofiliyo, saqarTvelos miscemda ara

marTlmadideblur (bizantiur) samarTals,

aramed laTinurs.

qarTvelma mTargmnelma armenopulos

èqvsi wignidan~ da blastaris `sin-

tagmidan~ amoiRo samarTlebrivi de-

bulebebi da normebi, zogjer ucvle-

lad, zogjer ki gaerTianebiT Seadgina

e .w. `berZnuli kanonebi~, anu berZnuli

samarTlis qarTuli varianti. kompila-

cia ̀ berZnul-romauli samarTlis~ mTa-

vari krebulebisa, gamoyenebul iqna bi-

zantiis gviandel epoqaSi, rogorc sa-

suliero, ise saero sasamarTloebSi.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom mas Sem-

deg, rac bizantia Turqebma daipyres

da berZnuli mosaxleobis saeklesio

da samoqalaqo saqmeebis iurisdiqcia

mTlianad konstantinopolis sapatri-

arqos xelSi moeqca, blastaris `sin-

tagma~ da armenopulos èqvsi wignis~

kompilacia berZen sasuliero xelisu-

falTa mier yoveldRiuri xmarebisaTvis

gaxda saWiro~. 28 8

`samarTali berZnuli~, anu berZnul-

romauli (bizantiuri) samarTlis ver-

sia warmoadgens vaxtan VI-is `samarT-

lis wignTa~ krebulis meore nawils.

igi `friadi SromiT~ moipova `saberZ-

neTSi~ vaxtang VI-m. misi mTargmneli

yofila episkoposi kvipriane samTavneli

(eriskacobaSi kozma aragvis erisTavi).

igi Semoqmedi mTargmneli iyo, eqvTime

mTawmindelis msgavsi, rameTu misi Targ-

mani aris Tavisufali (alag-alag gan-

vrcobili, zogan Semoklebuli). mTargm-

nels maTe blastaris àlfabeturi sin-

tagmisa~ da armenopulos èqvswigneu-

lis~ garda, sxva berZnuli wyaroebiTac

usargeblia. berZnuli kanonebi mas da

`brZen kacebs~ gadmouqarTulebiaT TviT

vaxtang VI-is aqtiuri monawileobiT. igi

Seicavs 418 muxls.

Tvalis erTi gadavlebiTac ki aSkaraa,

rom vaxtangis `berZnuli samarTali~,

ZiriTadad, saeklesio samarTlis Zeglia,

cxadia, es asec unda iyos, radganac

igi zemoT aRniSnul saeklesio samarT-

lis ganmmarteblebis Targmans warmoad-

gens, magram radganac saeklesio iuris-

diqcia saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda

ara mxolod saqarTveloSi, aramed qris-

tianul aRmosavleTSi, amitomac ̀ berZnu-

li samarTali~, cxadia, saero samarT-

lis Zegladac SeiZleba CaiTvalos. am

ZeglSi mravali muxlis wyarod dasax-

elebulia saeklesio krebebis kanonebi,

gansakuTrebiT ki VI msoflio krebisa,

mociqulTa kanonebi ̀ damtkicebulni kre-

baTagan~, msoflio avtoritetis mqone

adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebi, magali-

Tad, laodikiisa, gangrisa, patriarqTa

da mamaTa mier gamocemuli kanonebi (tim-

oTe patriarqis) da sxv.

magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT zogierT

Tavs, romelic awesrigebs mefis urT-

ierTobas eklesiasTan. magaliTad, 57-e

muxlis Tanaxmad, VI krebis kanonis Se-

sabamisad, eriskacTagan mxolod mefes

aqvs sakurTxevelSi wmida trapezTan

ziarebis neba, `rameTu RvTisagan dadg-

inebul ars da umetesad maRlad mj-

domare aris patriarqTagan~.289

287 iqve. gv. 580; 288 i. doliZe, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I. 1963, gv. 589; 289 qarTulisamarTlis Zeglebi, I. gv. 146.


`berZnuli samarTlis~ 128-e muxlis

Tanaxmad, xelmwifes (mefes) neba aqvs,

daasaqmos da brZaneba misces sasulie-

ro pirs, ufro metic, mas SeuZlia episko-

posi aiyvanos mitropolitis xarisxSi,

SeuZlia didi eparqia gayos da ramden-

ime episkoposs gaunawilos, SeuZlia

episkoposebis, anda mitropolitebis erTi

kaTedridan meoreze gadayvana, maTi

gamocvla, aZlevs maT wirva-locvis

uflebas da aqvs sxva uflebebic sa-

suliero pirTa mimarT. wyarod berZnu-

li samarTlis 128-e muxli asaxelebs

qalkedonis krebis me-4 kanons.

`xelmwife sjulisa da kanonis umd-

ablesi ara aris, rameTu masca aqvs xe-

lmwifeba RvTisa mier-visic enebos episko-

pozisa aRamaRlebs, mitropolitad daay-

enebs da ukeTu episkopozTa bevri samw-

yso aqvs, gauyofs da sxvas episkopozs

Seiqms, visic enebos, episkopozisa anu

mitropolitisa, gamoscvlis aqvs sxva-

ca xelmwifeba simarTliTa mRvdelmTa-

varTa. saqme es ipoebis meoTxe kanonsa

xalkidonisa krebisa, rameTu xelmwife-

ba micemul ars mefeTaTvis, rameTu

ubrZanos visme samRvdeloTa kacTa, saero

samsaxuri aqnevinos, romelic man ubr-

Zanos sjulis kanoni ar dauSlis sam-

saxursa, amisTvisca kanoni brZanebs~.290

sainteresoa muxli 330-e, romlis

mixedviTac laSqrobis dros, mahmadi-

anebis da urjuloebis winaaRmdeg omisas

(aseve, Tuki vinme amoRebuli xmliT mi-

uxdeba), mRvdels SeuZlia, daaswros da

moklas mteri, igi ar daisjeba, magram

wirvis neba CamoerTmeva _ ̀ aramed Rirseba

da wesi ar gamoerTmeva~ (iqve, gv. 204).

347-e muxliT ikrZaleba astrolo-

gia, magram sasurveladaa miCneuli as-

tronomiis, ariTmetikis, musikisa da

geometriis swavleba.291

vaxtang VI-m, agreTve, aTargmnina da

Tavisi samarTlis wignTa krebulSi Seit-

ana `somexT mefeTa wigni samarTlisani~.

mas TiTqmis ori wlis manZilze Targ-

mnidnen . somxuri samarTlis qarTuli

versia Sedgeba ori nawilisagan : siri-

ul-romauli samarTlis qarTuli ver-

siisagan (muxli 1-150) da mxiTar goS-

is samarTlis wignis qarTuli versiis-

agan (muxli 151-431). ̀ samarTali somx-

uris~ wyaroebic miuTiTebs, rom igi

faqtobrivad warmoadgens saeklesio sa-

marTals, magram misi iurisdiqcia saero

saqmeebzec vrceldeba saxelmwifos qris-

tianuli xasiaTis gamo. `samarTali

somxuris~ Semdgenlebis TqmiT, es Zeg-

li aris krebuli, romelSic Rirseuli

adgili uWiravs wmida werilsa (Zvelisa

da axlis) da moses rjuls, mociqul-

Ta kanonebs, ̀ eklesiis mosamarTle mama-

Ta~, b asili didis, `wmida grigol

parTelis SviliSvilis isakis dadebul

wess~. nikeis msoflio krebis, anu ̀ didi

krebis~ kanonebs. krebuli aSkarad saek-

lesio samarTlis Zeglia _ muxlebis

umetesi nawili sasuliero pireb is

qcevas aregulirebs.

qarTul wyaroebSi iSviaTia is ter-

minebi, romlebic `somxuri samarTlis~

wignSi xSirad gvxvdeba. erTi aseTia

`qadagi~ _ es sityva Cven gvxvdeba ̀ miro-

nis kurTxevis~ wesSi da sxvaganac. somx-

uri wignidan Cans, rom `qadagi~ aris

TiTqmis episkoposis Rirsebis mqone (ma-

gram episkoposze dabali) sasuliero

piri, romelic wmida werilisa da kanon-

ebis unaklo mcodnea, amave dros evale-

ba `moqmedeba uSiSari~. am kanonebis qad-

290 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, muxli 128, gv. 162; 291 muxli 342-e, iqve, gv. 210.


ageba da maTi aRsrulebis meTvalyureo-

ba: `moqadageni unda iyvnen rigiTa uw-

inve mcodneli ZvelTa da axalTa uk-

lebriv, wamkiTxavi kanonis brZanebisa,

uSiSrad moqmedi da kaci Rirsi, filoso-

fosi da TeTris umoyvare~.292 magali-

Tad, 266-e muxlSi ganmartebulia, Tu

ratom ar unda Caicvas kacma qalis,

xolo qalma kacis tanisamosi, rom ar

SeiZleba maTi aRreva: `bevri avi boro-

ti iqmnebis am rigis saqmiT. es saqad-

agebelia moqadageTagan da mosamarTle-

Tagan~,293 e.i. tansacmlis sworad Cac-

mis Sesaxebac ki moqadagem unda iqada-

gos. aq, agreTve, xSirad gvxvdeba sity-

va ̀ qorepiskopozi~ _ ganmartebulia maTi

uflebani. es faqti imiTaa saintereso,

rom IV s-is Semdeg, msoflio eklesiaSi

instituti `qorepiskoposobisa~ aikrZa-

la, magram e.w. `qalkedonamdelma~ ek-

lesiebma igi SeinarCunes. am Zeglidan

Cans, rom `kaTalikosi~ eTanadeba nikeas

I krebis me-4 kanonSi moxmobil èpisko-

posTa Tavs~. 287-e Tavidan Cans, rom

oTxi maxareblis `mociqulTa taxtze~

isxdnen kaTalikose bi (ep iskoposebi)

aleqsandriisa, romisa, antioqiisa, ma-

gram konstantinopols (`bizantias~) samo-

ciqulo taxtis Rirseba ar hqonda da

igi efesodan `gaapares bizantias~.294

qarTuli samarTlis wignSi Setani-

li `moses samarTalic~, cxadia, saek-

lesio samarTlis Zeglia.

samarTlis wignTa krebulis Sesav-

alSi vaxtang VI-s samarTlianad ewode-

ba: `marTlmadideblobis mxne da mxe-

dari, uflisa Zlieri moRvawe, qristes

warCinebuli stratilati, ebguri, sama-

radiso mRviZare, sionisa rjulmtkice-

biTa Seuryeveli sveti da godoli,

gautexeli zRude marTlmadideblobiT

da RvTis siyvaruliT Seuorgulebeli

batoniSvili vaxtang~.

vaxtang VI, marTlac, marTlmadide-

blobis WeSmariti burji iyo, amitomac,

rogorc iTqva, aTargmnina bizantiur-

marTlmadidebluri samarTlis wigni.

jer kidev evropaSi elCobis gagza-

vnamde, rogorc ̀ berZnuli samarTlis wig-

nis~ Targmani cxadyofs, vaxtang VI mar-

Tlmadidebluri orientaciisa iyo, xolo

evropidan xelmocaruli elCebis dabruneb-

is Semdeg, vaxtangma 1722 wels sajarod

aRiara Tavisi marTlmadidebloba.

292 kanoni 154, q.s. Z. I, gv. 277; 293 iqve , gv. 321; 294 kanoni 154, q.s. Z. I, 327.


saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

gauqmebam, xolo Semdgom aTeistebis sax-

elmwifoebrivma gabatonebam XIX da XX

ss-Si, cxadia, didad Seaferxa saekle-

sio samarTlis Zeglebis qarTul enaze

gadmoReba. qarTveli sasuliero pirebi

am epoqaSi ZiriTadad rusul sasulie-

ro saswavleblebSi iRebdnen ganaTlebas

da sargeblobdnen kidec rusuli Sesa-

bamisi literaturiT. mxolod XX s-is

80-iani wlebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarq ilia II-is dros mieca

SesaZlebloba wmida eklesias odnav mainc

gamoecocxlebina saqarTveloSi uZvele-

si xanidan arsebuli samarTlis Zegleb-

is Targmanis saqme . amas xeli Seuwyo

`mcire~ da `didi~ sjuliskanonebis Zve-

li Targmanebis gamocemebma.

aRniSnul wignebs eklesiaSi praqtiku-

li daniSnuleba aqvT, amitomac Cans,

saWirod iqna miCneuli mcire sjulis-

kanonis erTi nawilis gadmoReba Zveli

qarTuli enidan axalze. mis winasity-

vaobaSi aRniSnulia - `Targmanis re-

daqtirebas xelmZRvanelobda mTavar-

episkoposi konstantine meliqiZe , re-

daqtirebaSi aseve monawilobdnen meufe

vaxtang axvlediani da giorgi cincaZe,

saboloo redaqcia ekuTvnis uwmidessa

da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

Tolikos-patriarq ilia II-s~. samwux-

arod, mTargmnelis vinaoba gamocemaSi

ar aris aRniSnuli. rogorc aRiniSna,

qarTul enaze iqna gadmocemuli aseve

`didi sjuliskanoni~ da gamoqveynda 1987

wlis saeklesio kalendarSi.

eklesiisaTvis mniSvnelovani Sena-

Zenia saeklesio kanonTa yvelaze av-

toritetuli komentatorebis aristines,

zonarasa da balsamonis komentarebis

axali qarTuli Targmanebi. 1987 wels

TbilisSi daistamba es Sroma saxel-

wodebiT - `mociqulTa, msoflio da adg-

ilobrivi saeklesio krebebisa da wmida

saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi

XX saukunis meore naxevarSi


mamebis kanonTa komentarebi~,295 aRniS-

nuli komentarebis mTargmnels, romlis

vinaobac samwuxarod ar aris aRniSnu-

li, uTargmnia `sazRvargareTis rusuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis warmomad-

genelTa gamocemidan: Rybuf ghfdbk d 30-

[ xfc nz[ c fkafdbnysv erf pf ntktv ^

Bplfybt <hfncndf ghtg& Bjdf Gjxftdcr-

juj d Vjyhtfkt Heccrjq ghfdjckfdyjq

Wthrdb^ Rfyflf^ 1971&

saeklesio samarTlis cnobili mcod-

nis dekanoz vladislav cipinis Sromis

`saeklesio samarTlis~ erTi nawili èk-

lesia da saxelmwifo~ Targmna grigol

ruxaZem. 296

aTeisturi imperiis, sabWoTa kavSiris

daSlis Semdeg rusuli saeklesio sa-

marTalmcodneTa erT nawilSi kvlav

aRorZinda mon arqiuli saxelmwifo

sistemisaTvis mxardaWeris miswrafeba.

am ukanasknelTa mier gamocemuli naS-

romis Targmania `saxelmwifoebrivi ka-

texizmo, marTlmadidebluri swavleba

saRvTo xelisuflebaze~, Tb. 1999 (mTarg-

mnel-gamomcemeli dek. arCil mindiaS-

vili). am Targmanidanac naTlad Cans is

winaaRmdegoba, romelic arsebobs rus

samarTalmcodneTa Soris, magaliTad,

ukanaskneli Targmanis mixedviT, `mefis

mier miwieri eklesiis meTauroba imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom igi ara marto simfo-

niuri saero arqiepiskoposia, aramed

eklesiis sagareo saqmeTa erTaderTi

episkoposi~,297 es Tvalsazrisi mTli-

anad sawinaaRmdegoa v. cipinis mosazre-

bisa, rom mefis (imperatoris) es mdgo-

mareoba ùSno tradiciaa~ - `bizantiis

qristiani imperatorebi warmarTi ro-

maeli princepsebis pirdapiri memkvidre-

bi iyvnen, romelTac sxva mraval tit-

ulTan erTad, aseTic hqondaT - pon-

tifex maximus - umaRlesi mRvdelmTa-

vari. es uSno tradicia, zogierTi qris-

tiani imperatoris moqmedebaSi, Sesus-

tebuli saxiT drodadro mainc vlinde-

boda. eklesiisaTvis yvelaze aSkara da

saSiSi cezarul-papisturi tendencia ere-

tikos imperatorTa politikaSi, gan-

sakuTrebiT xatmebrZoleobis epoqaSi ga-

momJRavnda~.29 8

295 saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1; 296 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1999; 297 `saxelmwifo-ebrivi katexizmo~, 1999, gv. 18; 298 v. cipini, eklesia da saxelmwifo, dasax. naSr., gv. 148.


Tavi mesame

saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi

sae klesio samarTlis wyaroe bs ,

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, yofen or mTa-

var jgufad, pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi

da institutebi, romelTac Seqmnes sa-

marTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens

dokumentebsa da Zeglebs, romlebSic gad-

mocemulia aRniSnuli normebi.

Zvel saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc

msoflios sxva qristianul qveynebSi,

eklesia ar iyo gamoyofili saxelmwi-

foebrivi cxovrebidan . ufro metic,

saqarTveloSi, rogorc garkveulia niko

maris mier, saero da sasuliero Zalau-

flebis erToba udavo faqts warmoad-

genda. amis gamo, saqarTvelos saekle-

sio samarTlis wyaroebis rkvevisas unda

gamovlindes saqarTveloSi arsebuli saek-

lesio-saxelmwifoebrivi warmoSobis in-

stitutebi. Cven mier gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba eqceva amgvar erovnul sax-

elmwifo-saeklesio institutebisa da

saeklesio samarTlis normebis Semqmne-

li pirebis gamovlenasa da Seswavlas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom erovnuli saxelmwi-

foebriobis ryevis dros aRniSnul ufle-

bebs iTvisebdnen dampyrobeli saxelmwi-

fos mesveurebic.

samarTlis wyaroebis meore jgufs

miekuTvneba dokumentebi da Zeglebi,

romelnic gamoica zemoT aRniSnulTa mier.

mravali aseTi dokumenti Tan erTvis Cven

mier ganxilul yvela saeklesio sakanon-

mdeblo krebas, agreTve zogierT mim-

dinare krebas.


saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi I-V saukuneebSi

adgilobrivi eklesiis samarTlis erT-

erT umTavres wyaros warmoadgens saku-

Tari krebebis mier miRebuli dadgenile-

bani, im SemTxvevaSi Tu igi avtoke-

faluria, magram Tu mas ar aqvs avtoke-

falia, maSin misi samarTlis wyaroa

zemdgomi, anu kiriarqaluri eklesiis

dadgenilebani da miTiTebani. magaliTad,

rusuli eklesia XV s-mde valdebuli

iyo, aResrulebina konstantinopolis

sapatriarqos krebaTa, patriarqTa da si-

nodis yvela dadgenileba, radganac igi

iqamde warmoadgenda konstantinopolis

sapatriarqos erT-erT mitropolias. mis-

Tvis saeklesio samarTlis umTavres

wyaros warmoadgenda msoflio patri-

arqTa is sigelebi, romlebic Seexeboda

rusul eklesias da konstantinopolidan

ugzavnidnen rus mitropolitebs, episko-

posebsa da mTavrebs.299

msgavsadve, qarTuli eklesiisaTvis

samarTlis mTavari wyaro avtokefali-

is miRebamde iyo kiriarqaluri ekle-

sia, xolo avtokefaliis miRebis Sem-

deg sakuTar krebaTa dadgenilebani.

maSasadame , imisaTvis, raTa gavarkvioT

qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis mTavari

wyaro, saWiroa misi avtokefaliis sak-

iTxis garkveva, rodis an visgan miiRo

avtokefalia. amJamindeli TvalsazrisiT,

romelmac asaxva qarTul enciklopedi-

aSic pova, Camoyalibebis dros, IV s-is

dasawyisidan, qarTuli eklesia konstan-

tinopolis iurisdiqciis qveS iyo, Sem-

deg antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi moeqca,

romlisganac V s-Si, petre fulonis

dros, miiRo avtokefalia. maSasadame,

mas IV-V ss-Si e.w. ori `dedaeklesia~

hyavda, jer konstantinopolisa, Semdeg

ki antioqiisa. istorikosebis aseTi

daskvnebi saeklesio samarTlis monace-

mebs ar Seesabameba.

rogorc cnobilia, konstantinopoli

Sendeboda 325-330 wlebSi da igi 330

wels akurTxes rogorc q alaqi da

dedaq alaqi imperiisa. am dros misi

episkoposi, viTarca erT-erTi qalaqis

mRvdelmTavari, emorCileboda Tavis mit-

ropolits, romelic qalaq irakliaSi

ijda. rusi kanonistebis mixedviT, am

droisaTvis, e.i. IV s-is 30-ian wlebSi,

konstantinopolis episkoposs Tavisi

normaluri sididis eparqiac ki ar hqonda.

mxolod Semdeg gaafarTova man gavlena

jer mxolod Tavis garSemo myof olqze

da TiTqmis saukune dasWirda, raTa Tavis

iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia 451 wlis qalke-

donis msoflio krebis dasturiT iqamde

avtokefaluri diocezebi Trakiisa, asi-

isa da pontosi.

rodis daarsda oficialuri qarTu-

li eklesia? Tu sxvadasxva istoriko-

sis monacemebs SevajerebT, es moxda 317-

326 wlebSi. 337 welic rom iyos es

TariRi, mainc mivalT, samarTlebrivi

TvalsazrisiT, dilemamde, e.i. Tu qarTu-

li eklesia daarsda 326 wels igi arav-

iTar SemTxvevaSi konstantinopolis

iurisdiqciaSi ar imyofeboda. Tu igi

daarsda 337 wels, 330 wels daarsebu-

li qalaqis episkoposs mainc ar SeeZlo

igi Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia, rad-

299 Â. Öûïèí, Öåðêîâíîå ïðàâî, ñ. 99.


ganac rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, konstan-

tinopolis episkoposs Tavisi normaluri

sididis eparqiac ki ar hqonda im droi-

saTvis da kidevac rom moendomebina im-

periis farglebs gareT kavkasiis mTebT-

an mdebare eklesiis daqvemdebareba, amas

mainc ver SeZlebda, radganac maSin kon-

stantinopolsa da saqarTvelos Soris

pontos diocezis avtokefaluri ekle-

sia imyofeboda. saeklesio samarTlis

mixedviT, IV s-is 30-ian wlebSi aseTi

daqvemdebareba SeuZlebeli iyo. msgavsadve

saeWvoa, antioqiis iurisdiqciac Cveni

eklesiis mimarT.

saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis Zie-

bisas aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswi-

noT TviT qarTuli eklesiis Zveli moR-

vaweebis mosazrebani avtokefaliis Sesax-

eb. erTi aseTi, yvelaze ufro avtoritet-

uli iyo wmida giorgi mTawmideli, rom-

lis avtoritetuloba sakanonmdeblo

saqmeSi sagangebo muxliT daadastura

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebamac. giorgi

mTawmidelis azriT, qarTuli eklesia

daarsebul iqna ara IV s-Si, aramed I-II

ss-Si TviT mociqulTa mier, aqedan ga-

momdinare, igi msgavsad sxva mociqulTa

mier daarsebuli yvela eklesiisa, daarse-

bisTanave avtokefaluri iyo, Tanaxmad

imJamindeli saeklesio samarTlisa. amis

gamo, giorgi mTawmidelis azriT, anti-

oqiis sapatriarqos pretenziebi qarTu-

li eklesiis mimarT ukanono iyo, anti-

oqiis eklesia arasdros yofila qarTu-

li eklesiis, e.w. `deda-eklesia~. Cven

giorgi mTawmidelis es Tvalsazrisi

mravalgzis gvaqvs qvemoT ganxiluli,

amitomac aq aRar SevexebiT, magram Zvel

qarTvel mecnier-moRvaweTa mosazrebebs

adasturebs axali arqeologiuri monace-

mebic. marTlac, rogorc arqeologiuri

masalebi adasturebs, saqarTveloSi IV

s-mdec cxovrobdnen qristianebi, Tavi-

anTi salocavebiT (IV s-mdeli eklesiac

ki aRmoCnda nastakisSi). sainteresoa isic,

rom II-III ss-Si CvenSi qristianul aRm-

sareblobas maRal, mdidar fenebSic ki

SeuRwevia, miT umetes, mravlad iqnebo-

da qristianTa ricxvi dabal fenaSi,

romelSic saerTod gavrcelda Tavda-

pirvelad qristianoba.300 IV s-mde ̀ qris-

tianuli ideologiis gavlenis zrda

qarTlis Zveli dedaqalaqis mosaxleobaSi

SesamCnevi aris. rogorc Cans, igi mo-

saxleobis sxvadasxva fenaSi gavrcel-

da. amis sailustraciod gamodgeba gvi-

anantikuri xanis samareebSi aRmoCenili

qristianuli simboloebi mcxeTa-samTavro-

Si, agreTve, erwos velze ̀ quSaanT goris

samarovanze~. amaze metyvelebs dakrZa-

lvis qristianuli wesi, romelic da-

dasturda.301 iq dakrZalvis socialuri

kuTvnileba eWvs ar iwvevs, rogorc irkve-

va, qristianul ideologias qarTlis

sa mef os ma Ral fe n e bSi c g as C e n ia

dasayrdeni oficialur saxelmwifo re-

ligiad gamocxadebamde~.302

III s-Si, Tuki qarTlis maRal feneb-

Sic ki imdenad iyo fexmokidebuli qris-

tianuli sarwmunoeba, rom maRali wris

axalgazrda (20-22 wlis) qristian qal-

batons didebiT krZalavdnen sagangebo

umdidres akldamaSi, qristianuli yovel-

gvari wesebis dacviT, maSin roca romis

imperiaSi qristianebi katakombebSi imale-

bodnen, Cans, qarTlSi qristianTa ricx-

300 b. diasamiZe, qristes mociqulebi gonio-afsarosSi, r. ramiSvili, biWvintis uZvelesi eklesiebi,qristianuli arqeologiis mesame samedicino koncefcia, 1999, gv. 3, 6; 301 mcxeTa, arqeologiurikvleva-Zie bis Sedegebi; ramin ramiSvili, erwos veli gvian armazul xan aSi, 1973; 302 Zeglismegobari, 1983, #63, gv. 37-38, seria, materialuri kulturis Zeglebi.


vi ara marto didia, aramed maRali fen-

ac maincdamainc ar krZalavs qristianobas.

mematiane aRniSnavs kidec, rom III s-Si

qarTlis mefe rev marTals saxelmwifo

kultis reformac ki Cautarebia qris-

tianuli moralis Sesabamisad. ufro

metic, arsebobs II-III ss-Ta qristianTa

saflavebis arqeologiuri monapovrebi

TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloSi, maT Soris _

bavSvebisa. saeklesio samarTlis mxriv am

pirvel qristianebs, cxadia, unda hyolo-

daT samRvdeloeba, mRvdlis gareSe ar

moxdeboda naTloba, qristiani ki mxolod

monaTluli adamiani iyo. maSasadame, qris-

tianTa arseboba TavisTavad gulisxmobs

qarTlSi samRvdeloebis arsebobas. ma-

gram iyvnen Tu ara episkoposebi?

nikeamdeli epoqis saeklesio samarT-

lis uZveles Zegls warmoadgens ̀ didaqe~

– `Tormeti mociqulis moZRvreba~,

ganekuTvneba I-II ss-Ta mijnas. masSi

aris ramdenime kanoni saeklesio-iurid-

iuli xasiaTisa (XI -XVI Tav e bSi ) .

`didaqeSi~ ar moixsenebian presviterebi

(mRvdlebi), aramed mxolod episkoposebi

da diakvnebi (maT garda mosiarule mo-

ciqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi da moZRvre-

bi).303 saqme isaa, rom, rogorc aRiniSna,

uZveles periodSi, swored episkoposebi

iyv n e n momaqcev elebi xalxisa , anu

dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT mRvdlebi. ma-

gram am episkoposebs sruli iurisdiqci-

uli damoukidebloba hqondaT. amis Sesax-

eb TviT `didaqeSia~ miTiTeba XV Tavis

1-el muxlSi. Cven imis Tqma gvsurs,

rom samarTlebrivi damokidebulebis

mxriv, qarTlSi myofi qristianuli Temi-

saTvis, anu pirvelsaukuneTa eklesii-

saTvis saeklesio samarTlis wyaros war-

moadgenda sakuTari episkoposi, im droi-

saTvis igive mRvdeli.

vin adgenda pirvel qristianTa episko-

poss? rogorc aRvniSneT, episkoposi av-

tokefaluri samarTlebrivi subieqti iyo

da mas adgenda TviT konkretuli qris-

tianuli Temis xalxi, ubralo morwmu-

neebi. ̀ didaqes~ aRniSnuli muxli avalde-

bulebs qristianebs: `XV, 1. daadgineT

TqvenTvis episkoposebi da diakvnebi,

Rirsni uflisa, kacni mSvidni da uver-

cxloni, WeSmaritni da gamocdilni, rom

winaswarmetyvelTa da moZRvarTa liturg-

ia amsaxuron maTac Tqven Soris. 2. ar

moiZagoT isini, radganac Tqven mier

winaswarmetyvelTa da moZRvarTa darad

arian pativdebulni~.304

aqedan gamomdinare, I-II ss-Ta da amave

epoqis mcxeTel qristianebs uTuod unda

hyolodaT maT mierve gamorCeuli episko-

posi, mociqulTa swavlis `didaqes~ Se-

sabamisad. es episkoposi iyo TavisTava-

di, ara sxva qalaqis an ucxo qveynis

episkoposis mier gamogzavnili, aramed TviT

morwmuneTa mier gamorCeuli Rirsebebis

gamo (kacni mSvidni, uvercxloni da a.S.).

unda davaskvnaT, rom Tu CvenSi nam-

dvilad iqadages mociqulebma da gaavr-

celes qristianoba, Cvens pirvel qris-

tianebs `didaqes~ mixedviT episkoposebi

Tavdapirveladve hyavdaT, es episkoposebi

ki iyvnen samarTlis wyaro pirveli qris-

tianuli eklesiebisaTvis.

`mociqulTa epoqaSi presviteri xSir-

ad ewodeboda episkoposs da piriqiT,

episkoposi – presviters~.305

presviters uwodebdnen TavianT Tavs

petre (I petre, 5, 1), ioane da sxva

mociqulebi, saeklesio sazogadoebis

303 Â. Öûïèí, Öåðêîâíîå ïðàâî, ñ. 46; 304 moZRvreba Tormeti mociqulisa, jvari vazisa, e. WeliZisTargmani, 1988, #3, gv. 35; 305 saqme mociqulTa, XX, 17-18, 28; I petre 5,2; tite 15,7; I tim. III, 12,7.


saTaveSi mdgomT miemarTebodaT agreTve

sxva saxelwodebebic, magaliTad: ̀ mwyemse-

bi~, `winamZRolni~, `winamZRvarni~.306

xucesisa da episkoposis urTierT-

mimarTebis Sesaxeb werda aseve efrem

mcire, Tavis komentarebSi, romelic

daurTo dionise areopagelis wignebs: -

`Seiswave, viTarmed maSin jereT episko-

posTa mRdel uwodian da mRdelTa

episkopos, rameTu arRa gankuTvnil iyvnes

saxelni ese~.307

maSasadame, aseTi mRvdeli episkopose-

bi (am sityvis Tavdapirveli mniSvnelo-

biT) unda hyolodaT Tavdapirvel mcxe-

Tel qristianebs (II-III ss), erwoelebs

(erwoSic arqeologiuri masalis mixed-

v iT , ars e bobd a qristianT a Te m i ) ,

wilknelebs da sxva mraval daba-sofels,

vidre WiaTuris raionis sofel rganam-

de (arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT aqac

aris aRmoCenili II-III ss-is qristianu-

li samarxebi da naSTebi) da sxvagan.

mociqulTa mier am pirveli episko-

posebisaTvis mocemuli iyo `mociqulTa

kanonebis~ 34-e muxli – `yvela eris

episkoposebma unda icodnen maT Soris

pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi

zedmeti ar unda gaakeTon mis gareSe,

aramed yoveli maTgani mxolod imas unda

akeTebdes, rac sasargebloa misi eklesi-

isaTvis da misTvis daqvemdebarebuli sof-

lebisaTvis, magram nurc (pirveli) episko-

posi gaakeTebs nurafers sxvebTan SeT-

anxmebis gareSe, vinaidan mxolod ase

aResruleba erTneboba da idideba Rmer-

Ti uflis mier suli wmidiT~.308

rogorc cnobilia, es `mociqulTa

kanonebi~ wmida eklesiaSi gamoCnda IV

s-Si (anda III s-is bolos), anu daax-

loebiT im dros, roca qarTlis samefo

ojaxma oficialurad miiRo qristianu-

li sarwmunoeba da moiqca mTeli qarTveli

eri, es kanonebi avaldebulebda iqamde

qveyanaSi arsebul patar-patara qris-

tianul TemTa mraval episkoposs, imave

mRvdlebs CamoeyalibebinaT saeklesio cen-

tralizebuli eklesia, mtkiced SeekraT

igi TavianT Soris `pirveli~, anu Tavi

episkoposis gamorCeviT. unda vifiqroT,

rom wm. ninos dros antioqiidan Camosu-

li berZeni episkopati albaT am sakiTx-

Si, anu centralizebuli saeklesio or-

ganizaciis SeqmnaSi Tu daexmara adgi-

lobriv axalmoqceul xalxsa da sax-

elmwifos. yovel SemTxvevaSi, msoflio

saeklesio kanonebis mcodneTa Tanaxmad,

im droisaTvis, yvela eris eklesia (IV

s-is dasawyisSi) – avtokefaluri iyo,309

rogorc 34-e kanonic moiTxovs. anu

gaqristianebuli xalxis SigniT myofma

episkoposebma erTmaneTs Soris unda gam-

oirCion pirveli episkoposi da daemor-

Cilon mas. pirveli episkoposi, anu mTa-

varepiskoposi (imJamindeli gagebiT) ar

iniSneba ucxoeTidan, mas adgilze irCeven

da, Sesabamisad, adgilobrivi eklesiis

samarTlis wyaroa sakuTari eklesiis

episkopatisa da `pirvelis~ dadgenile-

bani. aseve unda yofiliyo qarTlis ek-

lesiaSic IV s-is dasawyisSi. TiTqosda,

aseve unda esmodes es sakiTxi ruis-

urbnisis krebis Zegliswerasac, romel-

ic IV s-Si am axal organizebul Tu

centralizebul qarTuli eklesiis pirvel

meTaurs ukve kaTalikoss, anu `say-

ovelTao episkoposs~ uwodebs.

306 wm. klimenti romaeli, Jurn, `gza samefo, danarTi, 1997, #3, gv . 9, Targmani g. zviadaZisa; 307

wm. dionise areopageli, SeniSvn ebi s. enuqaSvilisa, 1961, gv. 261; 308 didi sjuliskanoni, saeklesiokalendari, 1987. gv. 166; 309 Ñ. Òðîèöêèé, Î Öåðêîâíîé àâòîêåôàëèè, ÆÌÏ, 1950, ¹7, ñ. 39; wignSi`saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996, gv . 185-203.


ara marto ruis-urbnisis sakanonm-

deblo kreba, aramed sxva mkvlevarebic

(efrem mcire) IV s-is qarTuli eklesi-

is pirvel meTaurs – kaTalikoss uwode-

ben. ruis-urbnisis wmida kreba brZanebs:

wm. ninom ̀ miizida yoveli savseba yovel-

Ta qarTvelTa naTesavisa sakvirvelT mo-

qmedebiTa niSeb SemosilTa saswaulTaY-

Ta, raJams igi qarTvelTa mefeman mirian

mefeTa Soris didisa konstantinessa miv-

linebiTa da misgan gamoTxoYTa mefobisa

Tvisisa qalaqad mcxeTad STamoiyvana

evstaTi didi saydris mpyrobeli antio-

qielTa eklesiisa da wmidaTa mier xelTa

misTa naTel iRo man da yovelman erman

qarTlisaman, da TviT patriarqTa Soris

saxelganTqmulman evstaTi xeliTa Tvisi-

Ta STadva safuZveli maSin sadme mcxeTas

aRSenebulisa eklesiisaY, romelica fri-

adisa Tana gulmodginebisa ganasrules

ra maT, ganwmida igi da xeldasmulyo mas

Sina episkoposi-kaTolikosi~.310

saerTod, `kaTalikosi~ – mravali

an ramdenime episkoposis sayovelTao,

pirvel aRmatebul an gamorCeul episko-

poss erqva, sityva ̀ kaTalikosi~ TavisTa-

vad gulismobs ramdenime episkoposis

arsebobas am kaTalikosis, anu `say-

ovelTaos~ xelqveviT.

ruis-urbnisis kreba axsenebs kidec

sityvas `yovlisa~. wm. ninom, misi gan-

martebiT, moaqcia ara mxolod aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos qarTveloba, aramed

srulad saqarTvelos, maT Soris dasav-

leT saqarTvelos qarTvelobac `miizida

yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTe-

savisa~, iseve, rogorc ufro adre, amave

krebis gansazRvrebiT, andria pirvel-

wodebulma gaanaTla ara mxolod dasav-

leT saq arTv elo aramed `yov eli

saqarTvelo~, maT Soris aRmosavleTic

– andria `Cvenamdec moiwia da qadaga

sacxovrebeli qadageba saxarebisa yov-

elsa qveyana saqarTvelosa~.311

amitom, rodesac ̀ Zegliswera~ ambobs,

rom evstaTi antioqielma patriarqma mefe

mirianis dros `xeldasxmulyo episko-

posi-kaTalikosi~, ruis-urbnisis kreba

am kaTalikosis xelqveiT gulisxmobs

sxva episkoposebis arsebobas, romelTa

Sorisac mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Tanax-

mad, erTi `pirveli~, anu sayovelTao

unda iyos, romlis kanonizeba anu kurTx-

eva unebebia antioqiel patriarqs, mniS-

vneloba ara aqvs imas, igi Camoyvanili

iyo Tu mkvidri, eTnikuri qarTveli Tu

ucxoeli. am `kaTalikosis~ xeldasxmu-

loba, ukve TavisTavad gulisxmobda sxva

episkoposebis mier mis aRiarebas, viTarca

maT Soris pirvelsa da sayovelTaos. sxva

sakiTxia is, namdvilad SeiZleboda Tu

ara, rom rqmeoda termini `kaTalikosi~

eklesiis meTaurs IV s-Si.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, imJamindeli msof-

lio saeklesio samarTali moiTxovda

erTi qveynis SigniT myof episkoposebs

gamoerCiaT maT Soris `pirveli~. albaT

am `pirvels~ gulisxmobda ruis-urbni-

sis kreba IV s-Si xeldasxmuli `kaTa-

likosis~ qveS.

karTagenis (419) krebis me-17 mux-

lis Tanaxmad, `TiToeul samTavros, Tu

is Sorsaa, unda hyavdes Tavisi mTavar-

episkoposi~ - e.i. avtokefaluri ierarqi.

saeklesio samarTlis wyaro IV-V ss-

Si, mas Semdeg, rac ukve namdvilad iqna

organizebuli erTiani qarTuli eklesia

samefo saxlisa da saxelmwifos mzrun-

velobiT, ganxiluli gvaqvs, agreTve, aqve

paragrafebSi `kaTalikosi~ da `patriarqi~.

310 didi sjulis kanoni, 1975, gv. 546; 311 iqve, gv. 545.


Cveni naSromis arsidan gamomdinare,

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas mivapyrobT

pirvel saukuneebSi qristianTa mier

krebaTa mowvevis wesebs, `didaqe~, anu

`Tormeti mociqulis moZRvreba~ avalde-

bulebda II-III ss-Ta qristianebs `xSir-

ad erTad Sekrebas~ (`didaqe~, XVI, 2).

gansakuTrebiT ki kvira dRes ùflis

kviradRes SeikribeT, gantexeT puri da

aRavlineT samadlobeli, aRiareT Sec-

odebani, rom wmida iyos msxverpli Tqve-

ni~ (`didaqe~, XVI, 1). swored am Sekrebe-

bis dros unda ̀ daedgina TavisTvis~ qris-

tianul Tems Tavisi axali episkoposi:

`daadgineT TqvenTvis episkoposebi da

diakvnebi, Rirsni uflisa, kacni mSvidni

d a u v e r c xlo n i , W e S m a r i t n i d a

gamocdilni, rom winaswar-metyvelTa da

moZRvarTa liturgia amsaxuron maTac

Tqvens Soris~ (`didaqe~, XV, 1).

sxva saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo Zegli,

`wmida mociqulTa kanonebi~ (amJamad mo-

qmedi saeklesio samarTalia) Tavis 37-e

kanonSi acxadebs: ̀ episkoposTa kreba unda

Sedges weliwadSi orjer~, pirvelad

suliwmidis dResaswaulis dRe ebSi

(meoTxe kviras), meored ki 12 seqtem-

bers.312 Cans, es kanoni moqmedebda III s-

sa da IV s-is dasawyisSi, radganac 325

wels Semdgari pirveli msoflio nikeis

krebis kanonebis mixedviTac aseTive we-

sia dadgenili weliwadSi orjer krebis

mowvevisa, kerZod, me-5 kanonis Tanax-

mad, `TiToeul samTavroSi weliwadSi

orjer Catardes episkoposTa kreba~.313

e s kanon e b i , cxadia , Se exe boda

saqarTveloSi arsebul qristianul Te-

mebsac, rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi

mociqulTa droidan qristianuli Teme-

bis arse bobis Sesaxeb migv iTiTebs,

rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi, ise ar-

qeologiuri aRmoCenebi.314

nikeis zemoT aRniSnuli I msoflio

krebis me-4 kanoni romis imperiis Sig-

n i T a r s e b ul i p r o v i n c i i s ( a n u

ZvelqarTulad - `samTavros~) avtoke-

faluroba - TavisTavadobas warmoaCens.

am kanonis ZaliT ̀ episkoposi unda daadg-

inos samTavros yvela episkoposma... am

qmedebas sabolood amtkicebs samTavros

mitropoliti~.315

samTavroSi, anu provinciaSi (sax-

elmwifo administraciul erTeulSi) Tu

arsebobda ori an meti episkoposi, maT

Soris upiratesoba unda miniWeboda

samTavros dedaqalaqSi mjdoms (aqedanaa

`mitropolitis~ wode ba ) , romelic

damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri mmarTve-

lia. karTagenis saeklesio krebis kanon-

ebis IV, 12 muxlis Tanaxmad samTavros

episkoposs gangeb ar unda gaeyo Tavisi

samTavro or saepiskoposo nawilad (saero

xelisufalTa daxmarebiT), raTa TviTon

mieRo mitropolitis pativi, e.i. mis xe-

lqveiT xelovnurad ar unda aRmoCenil-

iyo ramdenime episkoposi,316 e.i. samit-

ropolito erTeulebis gazrda SeizRu-

da. romis imperiis provinciaTa eklesie-

bi erTmaneTis mimarT avtokefalurni iyvnen

da rogorc qvemoT aRvniSnavT, maTi ricxvi

asobiT iyo (am sakiTxs eZRvneba sagange-

bo statia ̀ qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb IV s-Si~).317

IV s-is dasawyisidanve, rogorc cno-

bilia, TandaTanobiT daiwyo Semcireba

avtokefaluri eklesiebis ricxvma, ma-

312 saq . ekl. kalendari, 1987, gv. 167; 313 iqve , gv. 179; 314 a. jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociquloeklesiis istoria, t. 1, 1996, gv. 127-143; 315 saq . ekl. kalendari, 1987, gv. 178; 316 iqve, gv. 492;317 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia, t. 1, 1996, gv. 185-204; 318 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari,1987, gv. 493.


gram eklesiaTa (provinciaTa eklesiebis

e.w. `samTavroebis~) avtokefalias umt-

kicesad icavda msoflio krebebi, es gan-

sakuTrebiT gamoikveTa III msoflio kre-

bis me-8 kanonSi da ufro adre ki II

msoflio krebis me-2 kanonSi. Tumca TviT

I msoflio krebis me-6 kanonma daadas-

tura faqti imisa, rom imperiis udide-

si (saimperio) dedaqalaqebis garSemo

myofi eklesiebi ukve damorCilebulni

iyvnen dedaqalaqeli episkoposis xelisu-

flebas (aseT dedaqalaqebad aRiarebul

iqnen romi, aleqsandria da antioqia).

imave faqts aRiarebda laodikiis krebis

57-e kanoni ̀ mcire qalaqebis episkoposebi

d amo kid e b uln i u nd a i y v n e n d id i

dedaqalaqebis episkoposebze~.318

II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonma pirda-

pir aukrZala aleqsandriisa da antio-

qiis episkoposebs kidev ufro metad

gaefarToebinaT TavianTi xelisufleba

mcire saepiskoposo erTeulebis avtoke-

faliis gauqmebis xarjze, kerZod, swored

antioqiis Zlieri eklesiis gavlenis ga-

farToebis Sesaneleblad krebam xazgas-

miT cno pontos, asiisa da Trakiis uam-

ravi episkoposis TviTmmarTveloba _ av-

tokefalia. kerZod, kanonSi aRniSnulia:

èklesiaTa keTilad gangebisa da mSvi-

dobisaTvis arc erT episkoposs ara aqvs

ufle b a g asc de s Ta v i si e kle si is

sazRvrebs da SeiWras sxva eklesiis

sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos eklesiebis

aRreva. kanonTa Tanaxmad, aleqsandriis

episkoposi unda ganagebdes mxolod egvip-

tis eklesiebs, aRmosavleTis episkoposebi

unda ganagebdnen mxolod aRmosavleTis

eklesiebs. daculi unda iyos nikeis kanon-

ebiT dawesebuli pativi antioqiis ek-

lesiisa. asiis soflebis episkoposebi

unda ganagebdnen mxolod asiis eklesie-

bs, pontoeli episkoposebi unda mar-

Tavdnen mxolod pontos eklesiebs, xolo

Trakiis episkoposebi mxolod Trakiis

eklesiebs. episkoposi ar unda gavides

Tavis samrevlo eklesiis farglebidan

xeldasxmisaTvis, an sxva raime saekle-

sio gangebisaTvis mowodebis an miwvevis

gareSe, TiToeul samTavros (eparqias)

ganagebs amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi

gansazRvruli kanonis Tanaxmad, xolo

warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tom-

Ta eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa mier

dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~.319

II msoflio krebis kanon i (me-2)

adasturebs, rom romis imperiaSi yve-

la samTavros (provinciis) eklesia

(eparqia) iyo avtokefaluri, garda ram-

denime dedaqalaqis garSemo myofi ek-

lesiisa. swored ase esmis es sakiTxi

udides kanonists Teodor balsamons,

igi werda II msoflio krebis me-2 kano-

nis ganmartebisas: `miaqcie yuradRe-

ba, rom am kanonis Tanaxmad provin-

ciebis eklesiebis yvela mitropoliti

avtokefaluri iyo da xeldasxmuli

iyo Tavis krebis mier~. 32 0

balsamoni amasTan dakavSirebiT wer-

da : (D lht dyjcnb d ct vbnhjgjkbns

tgfh[bb ,skb ytpfdbcbvs (fdnjrtafkm-

ws ) b herjgjkf u f tvs ,skb cdjqvb

cj,cndtyysvb cj,jhfvb)&32 1

balsamonis azriT, im droisaTvis

(igulisxmeba IV s-is 80-iani wlebam-

de) romis imperiaSi 100-ze meti av-

tokefaluri eklesia arsebobda, rad-

ganac yvela provinciis eklesia av-

tokefaluri iyo. 32 0

319 II ms. krebis me-2 kanoni, saq . eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 210; 320 C& nhjbwrbq^ J Wthrjdyjqfdnjrtafkbb^ :VG^ 1950^ +7^ c& 39$ 321 Ghfdbkf cdzns[ dctktycrb[ Cj,jhjd c njkrjdfybzvb^ x& 1 ^ V&1877 ^ c& 85^ 87&


qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis

Sesaxeb Teodore balsamoni swored II

msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis ganmarteb-

isas wers (swored es kanoni miaCnda mas

eklesiaTa avtokefalurobis uflebis

erT-erT uZ v eles safuZ vlad) : `nu

gaikvirveb, Tu sxva eklesiebsac ipovi

avtokefalurad, rogorc bulgareTis ek-

lesias, kviprosisa da iberiisas. bulg-

areTis arqiepiskoposi - pativSi aiyva-

na iustiniane mefem. . . kviprosis ar-

qiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana III msof-

lio krebam, xolo iberiis episkoposi

pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis dad-

genilebam. amboben, rom maSin rodesac

RvTaebrivi qalaqis didi antioqiis uw-

mides patriarqad iyo ufali petre,

gamotanil iqna krebis dadgenileba, rom

iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri

eklesia iberiisa, romelic eqvemdebare-

boda antioqiis patriarqs~. 32 2

amave cnobas TiTqmis ucvlelad ime-

orebs XIV s-is didi kanonisti maTe

blastari: - `Semdegi eklesiebi ar eqvem-

debarebian arc erT patriarqs: bulga-

reTis eklesia, romelsac pativi mianiWa

iustiniane mefem, rogorc es cnobilia

xsenebuli novelebidan, kviprosis ekle-

sia, amas pativi mianiWa III da VI kre-

bam, iberielTa eklesia, romelsac pa-

tivi mieniWa antioqiis krebis dadge-

nilebiT (winaT is antioqias eqvemde-

bareboda), maTi mRvdelmTavrebi, Cveu-

le briv, xelT-isxme bodnen sakuTari

episkoposebisagan~.32 3

1185-91 wlebSi antioqiis patriarqad

arCeuli, ufro adre ki konstantinopo-

lis patriarqis mTavari iuridiuli

mrCeveli, Teodore balsamoni, rogorc

fiqroben, antioqiis patriarq petres qveS,

romelmac TiTqosda antioqiis krebis dad-

genilebiT iberiis eklesias avtokefa-

lia mianiWa, gulisxmobda petre III-s

(1053-1057), Tumca sxvebi am petres

aigive ben antioqiis patriarq petre

mkawvralTan, rac saeWvoa (es petre

mkawvreli, igive fuloni, monofizito-

bis erT-erTi eresiarqi, gansakuTrebiT

sZuldaT Zvel saqarTveloSi da miiC-

nevdnen, rom igi qarTlis mTavarepisko-

posma miqaelma, sxva qarTvel episko-

posebTan erTad Caqola somxeT-saqarTve-

los sazRvarTan). ramdenad sworad gad-

moscems balsamoni qarTuli eklesiisaTvis

avtokefaliis miniWebis ambebs, ueWve-

lia Tu ara misi cnobebi? am mxriv Sei-

Zleba gamogvadges balsamonis amave cnoba-

Si moTxrobili magaliTi kviprosis ek-

lesiisa. balsamonis mtkicebiT, kvipro-

sis eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa III msof-

lio krebam. magram, rogorc sayovelTaodaa

cnobili, kviprosis eklesias III msof-

lio krebam avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa,

aramed piriqiT, misi ZvelTaganve arse-

buli avtokefalia daicva! cxadia, es

momenti cnobilia balsamonisTvis da

amitomac mohyavs mas kviprosis avtoke-

faliis magaliTi II msoflio krebis me-

2 kanonis ganxilvisas, romlis mixedvi-

Tac romis imperiis provinciebis eklesie-

bi avtokefalurebi iyvnen.

r o gorc c n o b il i a , 3 8 1 w el s

kviproselma episkoposebma efesos III

msoflio krebas warudgines sityvieri

da werilobiTi saCivari imis Sesaxeb,

rom antioqiis episkoposi moqmedebda

saeklesio wesTa da wmida mamebis kano-

nis sawinaaRmdegod, rodesac bedavda

kviprosze xeldasxmas. `krebis ganCineb-

is Tanaxmad kviprosel episkoposebs

322 georgika, t. VIII , 1970, gv. 18; 323 georgika, t. VIII, gv. 120.


saeklesio kanonebisamebr TviT unda hqon-

deT Tavisive episkoposebis xeldasxmis

ufleba. es wesi Seucvlelad unda iyos

daculi sxva gansagebelTa (olqTa) da

eparqiaTa mimarTac. nurc erTi episko-

posi nu miitacebs sxva eparqias, romelic

Tavidanve da ZvelTaganve ar emorCile-

boda mas da ar iyo mis winamorbed say-

dris mpyrobelTa gamgeblobis qveS. xolo

Tu vinme miitacebs da daimorCilebs sx-

vis eparqias iZulebiT, igi unda gan-

Tavisufldes, raTa ar dairRves mamaTa

kanoni da mRvdelmTavrobaSi Tavi ar unda

iCinos saero mTavrobismoyvareobis am-

partavnebam da medidurobam. wmida msof-

lio krebam daadgina agreTve, rom Ti-

Toeulma eparqiam wmidad daicvas Zveli

Cveuleba da wesi. TiToeulma mitro-

politma unda waiRos am kanonis asli

Tavis simtkicisaTvis. Tu vinme am dad-

genilebis sawinaaRmdego wess SemoiRebs,

msoflio kreba mas daumtkiceblad CaTv-

lis da mas ar eqneba Zala~.324

msoflio krebis am kanonidan naT-

lad Cans, rom IV s-is miwurulsac ki

wmida sayovelTao eklesia moiTxovda

mtkiced yofiliyo daculi samitropoli-

toTa (gansagebelTa, samTavroTa, epar-

qiaTa) avtokefalia, kerZod, kreba moiTx-

ovda Seuryeveli yofiliyo am avtoke-

faliaTa safuZveli. esaa `Zvel Cveule-

baTa wesis~ ucvleloba, `mamaTa kanon-

ebis~ urRveoba. ra iyo `Zveli Cveuleba

da wesi~, ras iTxovda `mamaTa kanoni~? -

es iyo provinciaTa eklesiebis avtoke-

falurobis dacva, rom `TiToeul provin-

cias (samTavros) ganagebdes amave samTavros

kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis Tanax-

mad. xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli

ucxo tomTa eklesiebi ganagon mamaTa mier

dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~ (II

msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni).

balsamonma, rogorc aRvniSneT, kar-

gad icis, rom kviprosis eklesia, romel-

ic TviT mociqulTa dros daarsda,

Tavidanve avtokefaluri iyo. magram, rad-

ganac misi avtokefalia daicva III msof-

lio krebam, amitomac moixseniebs am

krebas: ̀ kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi

aiyvana III krebam~, e .i. ukve avtoke-

faluri kviprosis eklesiis saarqiepisko-

poso pativi aRiara, daicva da daamtki-

ca III msoflio krebam.

aqedan gamomdinare, msgavsadve, bal-

samonis mier naTqvami, rom ìberiis ar-

qiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis

krebis dadgenilebam~ ar unda gavigoT

ise, TiTqosda antioqiis krebam petres

patriarqobis dros V Tu XI s-Si av-

tokefalia mianiWa qarTul eklesias,

aramed, iseve rogorc kviprosis ekle-

sia iyo damoukidebeli, xolo III msof-

lio krebam daicva es avtokefalia, aseve

qarTuli eklesia aRniSnul petremdec

iyo avtokefaluri da petres dros an-

tioqiis krebam cno, anda daicva ukve

arsebuli avtokefalia. marTlac, ase Cans

`giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebidanac~:

antioqiis patriarqs petre III-s moax-

senes bizantielebma qarTuli eklesiis

sruli avtokefaliis Sesaxeb: `meufeo,

eklesiani da mRvdelmTavarni qarTlisani

ara romlisa patriarqisa xelmwifebasa

queSe arian da yovelni saeklesioni wesni

maT mier ganegebian da TviT daisumen

kaTalikosTa da episkoposTa, da ara

samarTal ars ese, rameTu aTormetTa

mociqulTagan aravin misrul ars qveya-

324 III msoflio krebis me-8 kanoni, saq. eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 251; 325 giorgi mcire, cxovrebagiorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 1967, wigni II, gv. 152.


nasa maTsa da jer ars, raTa qalaqsa

amas RvTisasa (e.i. antioqias) da say-

darTa mociqulTa Tavisasa daemorCil-

nen da amissa xelmwifebasa qveSe iyvnen.

rameTu naTesavni ars umecari da samw-

ysoY mcire da Cuenda maxlobel arian da

jer ars, raTa xelmwifebasa queSe antio-

qieli patriarqisasa imwyemsebodin da

ikurTxebodes kaTalikozi maTi da viyv-

neT Cven erT samwyso da erT mwyems~.325

aqedan Cans, rom balsamonis mier

naxseneb àntioqiis krebis dadgenile-

bamde~, romelmac TiTqosda XI s-Si

qarTul eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa,

qarTuli eklesia didi xnis avtoke-

faluri iyo, kerZod:

1. misi episkoposebi ar emorCile-

bodnen ucxoeTis arc erT patriarqs

(rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans).

2. yoveli adgilobrivi saeklesio

wesi saqarTveloSive `ganegeba~.

3 . saqarTvelos eklesiaSi `TviT

daisumen kaTalikosTa da episkoposTa~.

e.i. qarTul eklesias aqvs sruli

damoukidebloba, magram antioqielTa

TvalsazrisiT, saeklesio samarTali am

faqtis arsebobiT darRveulia _ àra

samarTal ars ese~ ratom? imitom, rom

àTormetTa mociqulTagan aravin mis-

rul ars qveyanasa maTsa~. maSasadame,

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia mxolod

im SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleboda samarTlebri-

vad, mociquls rom daearsebina es ek-

lesia (esaa antioqielTa da, saerTod,

VI-XI ss-is saeklesio Tvalsazrisi).

aqedan Cans, Tu ra cvlilebebi gan-

icada saeklesio praqtikam avtokefali-

is Teoriis Sesaxeb IV s-dan XI s-mde,

kerZod, Tuki IV s-Si TviT umciresi

provinciebis avtokefalia yovelgvari

wina pirobis gareSe samarTlebriv mov-

lenad iTvleboda da amitomac mas mkac-

rad icavda pirveli msoflio krebebi,

XI s-saTvis avtokefalurobis safuZv-

lad ukve miiCneva Tormet mociqulTa-

gan romelimes mier mocemuli eklesiis

dafuZneba. amitomac, antioqiis krebisa

da patriarqis winaSe misul wm. giorgi

mTawmidels unda gaebaTilebina misi ek-

lesiis winaSe wamoyenebuli braldeba _

`mociqulTagan aravin misrul ars qvey-

anasa maTsa~.326 Tuki giorgi mTawmideli

daamtkicebda, rom mociqulebma daafuZnes

saqarTvelos eklesia, es iqneboda qarTu-

li eklesiis avtokefaliis samarTlebrivi

safuZveli. marTlac, giorgi mTawmidelma

moiTxova wigni `mimosvlaY andria mo-

ciqulisa~, romelSic aRwerili iyo mo-

ciqulTa saqarTveloSi qadageba, maSas-

adame, es iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis av-

tokefaliis samarTlebrivi safuZveli XI

s-Si, amiT gamZlavrebulma giorgi mTaw-

midelma pasuxad moaxsena krebas da pa-

triarqs `wmidao meufeo, Sen ityvi vi-

Tarmed Tavisa mis mociqulTaYsa petres

saydarsa vzio, xolo Cven pirvelwode-

bulisa da Zmisa Tvisisa mwodebelisa

nawilni varT da samwysoni da mis mier

moqceulni da ganaTlebulni. da erTi

wmidaTa aTormetTa mociqulTagani, si-

mons vityvi kananelsa, qveyanasa Cvensa

damarxul ars afxazeTs, romelsa ni-

kofsi ewodebis. amaT wmidaTa mociqul-

Ta ganaTlebulni varT da vinaYTgan erTi

RmerTi gvicnobies arRara uar-gviyofies

da arca odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil

ars naTesavi Cveni. da yovelTa uaris

myofelTa da mwvalebelTa SevaCvenebT

326 giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Z veli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturisZeglebi, 1967, wigni II , gv. 153.


da vswyvetT. amas safuZvelsa zeda mar-

Tlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qad-

agebaTa zeda wmidaTa maT mociqulTasa

mtkice varT~.327

imJamindeli saeklesio samarTlis

mixedviT, Tuki mociqulis mier iyo

dafuZnebuli romelime eklesia, mis me-

Taurebs ufleba hqondaT ar damorCile-

bodnen ucxo sapatriarqoebs, da TviTve

ganegoT yovelive saeklesio wesi, daes-

vaT TavianTi eklesiis meTaurebi da

ekurTxebinaT episkoposebi sxva sapatri-

arqoTa Caurevlad. rogorc aRiniSna,

amitomac uTxra kidec petre III-m gior-

gi mTawmidels - `jer ars romel ekle-

siani da mRvdelT-mTavarni Tqvenni xel-

sa qveSe samociquloYsa amis saydrisa

imwyemsebodin... viTarmed Tvinier samo-

ciquloYsa kanonisa TviT imwysian da

mociqulTagani aravin mosrul ars qvey-

anasa maTsa~.328

rogorc vxedavT, antioqiis sapatri-

arqoSi aravis uxsenebia, rom avtoke-

faliis safuZveli SeiZleboda yofil-

iyo romelime zemdgomi, e .w. `dedaek-

lesiis~ mier Tavisi nawilisaTvis av-

tokefaliis miniWeba. aseTi gageba av-

tokefaliisa, imJamad, arc ki arsebobda

(Cvens droSi, XX s-Si ki, rogorc cno-

bilia, swored zemoaRniSnuli wesi mi-

iCneva umTavres safuZvlad eklesiaTa

avtokefalurobisa, magaliTad, ruseTis

eklesias avtokefalia dedaeklesiam -

konstantinopolma mianiWa da aseve sxva

e.w. axal marTlmadideblur eklesiebs

(serbeTis, rumineTis, bulgareTis, polo-

neTis, CexeTisa da sxv.).

CvenTvis gansakuTrebiTaa mniSvnelo-

vani is, rom amJamadac ki e.i. XX s-is

bolosa da XXI s-is dasawyisSi kvipro-

sis eklesia Tavis Tavs avtokefalurad

miiCnevs ara III msoflio krebis droidan,

aramed mociqulTa droidan. saeklesio

samarTlis mkvlevari k. skurati wers:

(Jgbhf zc m yf c djt fg jc nj kmcr jt

ghjbc[j;ltybt Rbghcrfz Wthrjdm c lht-

dyb[ gjh ghbpyfdfkf ct,z fdnjrtafk-

myjq).329 am mizeziT mociqulebrivi war-

moSobis sxva eklesiebic TavianT Tavs,

amJamadac, uZvelesi droidanve avtoke-

falurad miiCneven.

Zvelad avtokefaliis miniWeba SeeZ-

lo imperatorsac, rogorc magaliTad,

balsamonis da blastaris cnobiT, ius-

tinianem mianiWa bulgareTs, anda msof-

lio krebis gadawyvetilebas, rogorc

III msoflio krebam mianiWa avtokefalia

kvipross. magram, rogorc ganxiluli

gvqonda, avtokefalia kvipross III msof-

lio krebamde hqonda, am krebam mxolod

daicva misi avtokefalia. aseve unda

vifiqroT, rom balsamonis mier naxsenebma

antioqiis patriarqma petrem qarTul ek-

lesias avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa, aramed

darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefali-

is samarTlebriv uflebebSi, radganac

giorgi mTawmidelis mtkicebani irwmuna

da mociqulTa mier daarsebulad, anu

`samociqulo eklesiad~ aRiara qarTu-

li eklesia. antioqiis patriarq petre

fulons (mkawvrals) V s-Si rom mieni-

Webina avtokefalia qarTuli eklesii-

saTvis, antioqiisave patriarq petre III-s

da mis mrCevlebs ecodinebodaT amis

Sesaxeb, amitomac giorgi mTawmidels

ganucxadebda ara imas, rom mociqulTa-

gans aravis uqadagia Tqvens qveyanaSio,

aramed etyoda _ petre fulonamde

saqarTvelos eklesia nawili iyo antio-

qiis sapatriarqosi, Zveleburi wesi ki

327 iqve, gv. 153; 328 iqve, gv. 154; 329 Ê. Ñêóðàò, Èñòîðèÿ Ïîìåñòíûõ Ïðàâîñëàâíûõ Öåðêâåé, Ì. 1994, ñ. 10.


unda aRvadginoT da iseve unda dagvemor-

CiloT, rogorc winaT gvemorCilebodi-

To. petre III da misi momdevno patri-

arqi Teodosi arafers msgavss ar acxa-

debdnen. Tavis mxriv, arc giorgi mTaw-

midelma gaixsena, rom evstaTi antio-

qielma akurTxa pirveli episkoposi da

amiT TiTqosda antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi

IV s-danve moeqca qarTuli eklesia, arc

is gauxsenebia, rom TiTqosda V s-Si

petre fulonma mianiWa avtokefalia

qarTul eklesias. mravali misioneri moR-

vaweobda III-IV ss-Si da afuZnebdnen

axal da axal eklesiebs warmarTTa

Soris, magram es iuridiul daqvemde-

barebas ar iwvevda, radganac II-IV ss-

Si yvela provinciis, anu samTavros ek-

lesia avtokefaluri iyo, vis mierac ar

unda yofiliyo igi dafuZnebuli. es icoda

giorgi mTawmidelma da arc CaTvala

saWirod xseneba am movlenebisa. misi

Tvalsazrisi qarTuli eklesiis avtoke-

faliis safuZveli sul sxva iyo – ker-

Zod, qarTuli eklesia dafuZnebulia

mociqulTa mier, maSasadame, igi avtoke-

faluria mociqulTa droidanve. misi av-

tokefaliis es ufleba SeubRalavia, im-

denad, rom TviTonve SeuZlia antioqiis

sapatriarqos msgavsad, sxva eklesias

ganucxados pretenziebi. Tuki andria mo-

ciqulma miiyvana Tavisi Zma petre ieso

qristesTan, e .w. Tavis Zmas mouwoda

amisken, aqedan gamomdinare, `Svenis es-

reT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa mas

daemorCilos, rameTu petresi (e.i. an-

tioqiis saydris damfuZnebeli mociqu-

li ) je r ars, raT a da e mo rCilos

mwodebels Tavisa da Zmasa andrias

(qarTuli eklesiis damfuZnebels) da

raYTa Tqven Cven dagvemorCilneT.330

aqedan Cans, rom: 1. giorgi mTaw-

midels saqarTvelosa da antioqiis ek-

lesiebi Tanabari uflebebis mqone TavisTa-

vad eklesiebad miaCnia; 2. igi ar cnobs

antioqiis saydrisadmi qarTuli eklesi-

is daqvemdebarebas arc erT droSi, arc

wina saukuneebSi da arc mis dros.

rogorc aRiniSna, giorgi mTawmidelis

TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos eklesia av-

tokefaluri iyo mociqulTa droidanve,

e.i. I-II ss-dan (ixile amis Sesaxeb sa-

gangebo gamokvleva: `Teoriebi qarTuli

eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb~).331

giorgi mTawmidelis TvalsazrisiT,

saqarTvelos eklesia avtokefaluri, mar-

Tlmadidebluri da TavisTavadi iyo mo-

mdevno saukuneebSic, magaliTad, VIII

s-Si. _ igi ambobs ìyo Jami, romel

yovelsa saberZneTsa Sina marTlmadide-

blobaY ara ipoeboda da iovane guTel

episkoposi mcxeTas ikurTxa episkoposad,

viTarca sweria didsa svinaqsarsa~.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, IV s-Si an-

tioqiel patriarqs evstaTis marTlac

rom ekurTxebina qarTveli episkoposi,

es ar gamoiwvevda qarTlis eklesiis

daqvemdebarebas antioqiisadmi, iseve ,

rogorc ioane guTelis mcxeTaSi kurTx-

evis Semdeg guTeTis eklesia ar Sevida

qarTlis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. Tum-

ca, isic unda iTqvas, rom Tuki IV s-Si

imperiis provinciaTa umravlesoba av-

tokefaluri iyo, VI s-is Semdeg maTi

ricxvi mkveTrad Semcirda didi eklesiebis

sasargeblod, ase rom, VIII s-Si SeeZ-

lo kidec zemoaRniSnuli kurTxevis gamo

qarTul eklesias pretenziebi ganecxa-

debina guTeTis eklesiis mimarT.

330 giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi,1967, wigni II, gv. 154; 331 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996, gv. 315-325;


Cven unda davubrundeT balsamonis

zemoaRniSnul cnobas qarTuli eklesi-

is Sesaxeb, romelic erTvis II msoflio

krebis me-2 kanonis komentars, balsamons,

eklesiaTa avtokefaliis safuZvlad

swored es kanoni miaCnda da miiCnevda,

rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliac am

kanonTan aris SesabamisobaSi. es kanoni

(II msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni) sagange-

bod Seexo romis imperiis sazRvrebs

gareT `warmarTTa Soris arsebul ucxo

tomTa eklesiebs~ da scno maTi sruli

TavisTavadoba _ avtokefalia. qarTuli

eklesia berZnebisa da romaelebisaTvis

_ `warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo

tomis eklesia~ iyo. aRniSnuli kanoni

moiTxovda ara mis daqvemdebarebas im-

periis romelime eklesiisadmi, aramed

aZlevda TviTmwysobis Semdeg kanons:

`xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo

tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa

mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixed-

viT~ (II ms. kreba, me-2 kanoni).332

maSasadame, am kanonis ZaliT, II msof-

lio krebis xanaSi IV s-is 80-iani wleb-

isaTvis saqarTvelos eklesia imarTebo-

da iseve, rogorc imperiis avtokefalur

provinciaTa eklesiebi, kerZod, ̀ TiToeul

samTavros ( ep arqias) gan agebs amav e

samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli

kanonis Tanaxmad~ (II ms. kreba, me-2

kan.), xolo imperiis sazRvrebs gareT

myof eklesiebs ufro meti avtokefali-

is ufleba aqvT, amis Sesaxeb Cven ze-

moT visaubreT, mamaTa mier dawesebul

Zvel kanonTa Soris igulisxmeboda mo-

ciqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxli, romel-

ic yvela eTnosis (naTesavis, eris, impe-

riaSi `provinciis~) eklesias aniWebs

avtokefaliis uflebas - `yvela eris

episkoposebma unda icodnen maT Soris

pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi

zedmeti ar unda gaakeTon mis gareSe,

aramed yoveli maTgani mxolod imas unda

akeTebdes, rac sasargebloa misi eklesi-

isaTvis da misTvis daqvemdebarebuli sof-

lebisaTvis. magram nurc pirveli episko-

posi nu gaakeTebs nurafers sxvebTan

SeTanxmebis gareSe, vinaidan, mxolod ase

SeiZleba aResrulos erTneboba da idi-

dos RmerTi uflis mier suliwmidiT~.333

ai, am kanoniT imarTeboda saqarTve-

los eklesia, vidre XIX s-mde, es kano-

ni iyo misi TavisTavadobis safuZveli,

msoflio krebebi ki ar arRvevdnen am

kanons, aramed amtkicebdnen mas, rogorc

igi ganamtkica nikeis krebam Tavis me-4,

II msoflio krebam me-2, III msoflio

krebam me-8 kanonebiT.

am kanonis ZaliT, yvela xalxis ek-

lesias Zvelad ufleba hqonda avtoke-

faliisa, da iyvnen kidec I-III ss-Si

gaqristianebuli eTnosebis eklesiebi av-

tokefalurni, rogorc romis imperiaSi,

ise mis farglebs gareT. SemdgomSi IV

s-is dasawyisSi romis imperiaSi am eT-

nosebis gansaxlebis sazRvrebs Tan daamTx-

vies provinciaTa sazRvrebi, amitomac pro-

vinciaTa eklesiebic avtokefalurni iyvnen

(igulisxmeba IV s-is dasawyisi), imperi-

is sazRvrebs gareT ki eklesiaTa av-

tokefalia ̀ mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli

kanonebiT~ ganisazRvreboda.

rogorc cnobilia, V s-is avtors

gelasi kvizikels aqvs cnoba imis Sesaxeb,

rom pirveli q arTveli e piskoposi

akurTxa konstantinopolis patriarqma.

am cnobasTan dakavSirebiT Tavis mo-

332 saq . ekl. kalendari, 1987, gv. 211; 333 wmida mociqulTa kanonebi, kan. 34, saq. ekl. kalendari,1987, gv. 166.


sazrebebi aqvs m. TarxniSvils da sxva

avtorebs. rogorc cnobilia, IV msof-

lio krebis dadgenilebiT gauqmebuli iqna

pontos, asiisa da Trakiis provinciaTa

eklesiebis damoukidebloba da isini

moeqcnen konstantinopolis eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi. am momentma antioqia

Zalze gaaRiziana, radganac, rogorc

aRiniSna, igi pontosa da asiis eklesie-

bze Tavis pretenzias acxadebda. saer-

Tod, rogorc romis, ise antioqiisa da

aleqsandriis eklesiebisaTvis konstan-

tinopolis eklesiis uswrafesi aRzeve-

ba Tavdapirvelad miuRebeli iyo.334 aman

asaxva pova aRmosavleTis eklesiaTa sa-

marTlebriv literaturaSi, magaliTad,

somexi saeklesio avtorebi V-X ss-sa,

am moments gansakuTrebiT aRniSnavdnen.

maTi azriT, konstantinopolis eklesia

ar iyo daarsebuli mociqulis mier, mas

ar gaaCnda saeklesio warsuli. maSasa-

dame , TviTon mas esaWiroeboda ucxo

eklesiaTa dasturi Tavisi saeklesio

uflebamosilebaTa gansaxorcieleblad.

Tavis mxriv, konstantinopoleli avtore-

bi yovelmxriv cdilobdnen warmoeCinaT

am axali eklesiis avtoriteti da ufle-

b amos ile b a . a mi T u nd a yo f il iyo

gamowveuli gelasi kvizikelis cnoba

imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqosda pirveli

ganman aTleblebi saqarTveloSi ( ig -

ulisxmeba wm. ninosa da wm. mirianis

dros) gamogzavna aleqsandre konstan-

tinopolelma episkoposma.335

miRebulia, rom gelasi kvizikelis

(475 wlis axlo xanebSi) saeklesio is-

toriaSi SemorCenilia fragmentebi ufro

Zveli avtoris gelasi kesarielis (367-

395) naSromidan da cnoba aleqsandre

konstantinopolelis mier iberiaSi gan-

manaTlebelTa gagzavnis Sesaxeb mas unda

ekuTvnodes. Cveni azriT, V s-Si, imis

mere, rac konstantinopolelma 451 wels

oficialurad SeierTa pontos, asiis da

Trakiis iqamde avtokefaluri eklesie-

bi, warmoiSva idea, rom pontos iqiTa

qveynebic, anu iberiis eklesiac konstan-

tinopols damorCileboda, amitomac cnoba

aleqsandre konstantinopolelis (314-

337) Sesaxeb unda mivakuTvnoT V s-is,

swored gelasi kvizikelis xanas, anu V

s-is 70-80-ian wlebs. am wlebSi qarTulma

eklesiam marTlac gamoamJRavna survili,

hqonoda mkveTrad gamoxatuli proberZnu-

li, anu am SemTxvevaSi, prokonstanti-

nopoluri orientacia da axali ierar-

qiac ki miiRo misgan kaTalikos petres

meTaurobiT. am movlenam albaT asaxva

pova gelasi kvizikelis wyaroSi. m. Tarx-

niSvilis azriT, `dabejiTebiT ver vi-

tyviT istoriul safuZvels eyrdnoba es

cnoba, Tu masSi mxolod is faqtia asax-

uli, rom am dros episkoposis Tanamde-

boba bizantiaSi aleqsandres (314-337)

ekava. yovel SemTxvevaSi, konstantinop-

olis eklesiis Semdgomi monawileoba

qarTuli eklesiis kanonikuri saxis

CamoyalibebaSi dokumentebiT damtkice-

buli ar aris~.336

ase rom, konstantinopolisadmi

qarTuli eklesiis kanonikuri damokide-

buleba dokumentebiT ar mtkicdeba. rac

Seexeba antioqias, igi Tavis daqvemde-

barebis qveS gulisxmobda ara kavkasiur

qveynebs, aramed imperiaSi Semaval aR-

mosavlur provinciebs, imperiis mTel

aRmosavleT nawils SuamdinareTis CaTv-

liT. aseTi Sexeduleba, romelsac qve-

334 Rfhnfitd^ Dctktycrbt Cj,jhs^ 1963 ^ c& 412 -422 $ 335 m. TarxniSvili, saqarTvelos eklesiisavtokefaliis warmoqmna da gan viTareba, werilebi, 1994, gv. 133; 336 m. TarxniSvili, saqarTveloseklesiis avtokefaliis warmoqmn a da ganviTareba, werilebi, 1994 , gv. 134.


moT ufro farTod ganvixilavT, IV s-is

dasawyisSi, romis imperiis àxal admin-

istraciul dayofas~ Se esab ameboda.

rogorc iTqva, qalaq konstantinopolis

daarsebamde, romis imperatoris nacva-

li ijda qalaq antioqiaSi da mas ufle-

ba hqonda ganego `mTeli aRmosavleTis~

saqmeebi, cxadia, romis imperiis sazRvre-

bis SigniT. imJamindeli saeklesio cx-

ovrebis Sesabamisad, antioqiis episko-

possac mieca ufleba Tavisi iurisdiq-

cia ganexorcielebina `mTel aRmosav-

leTze~, oRond, cxadia, romis imperiis

sazRvre bs Sign iT . romis imp eriis

sazRvrebSi ki IV s-is dasawyisisaTvis

Sedioda SuamdinareTi, romelsac sparse-

Tis qveynis nawilad miiCnevdnen imJamad,

agreTve pontos da asiis provinciebi,

aseve arabeTi da siria. ai, am terito-

rie bze arsebul eklesiebz e da ara

kavkasiis eklesiebze SeeZlo antioqias

Tavisi kanonikuri uflebamosilebis Sesax-

eb ganecxadebina pretenziebi. es iyo

`mTeli aRmosavleTi~ da ara romis im-

periis sazRvrebis gareT myofi qveynebi

(iseve rogorc provincia àsia~ anu

àzia~ ar moicavda mTel azias Tan-

amedrove gagebiT). romis imperiis gaqro-

b is da misi sazRvre bis damcrobis

Semdgomac antioqiis pretenziebi ar Sem-

cirebula, piriqiT, Seecada àRmosav-

leTis~ qveS axla mTeli qveynierebis

aRmosavleTi warmoedgina.

Tavdapirveli sparsuli qristianu-

li eklesia Camoyalibda mesopotamiaSi

(SuamdinareTSi), romelic Sedioda ro-

mis imperiis sazRvrebSi IV s-is dasawyis-

Si, aqedan gamomdinare, antioqias mar-

Tlac hqonda ufleba mesopotamiis spar-

sul eklesiaze. SemdgomSi Camoyalibda

erTiani sparsuli eklesia, amasTanave,

romma dakarga mesopotamia, cxadia, amis

gamo antioqiis pretenziebi sruliad

sparseTis sakaTalikosoze usafuZvlo

iyo, amitomac sparseTis eklesia CamoSor-

da antioqias da gamoacxada damoukide-

bloba. kidev erTxel unda vTqvaT, rom

antioqias kanonikurad eqvemdebareboda

mesopotamiis sparsuli eklesia romis

imperiis sazRvrebis SigniT da ara sruli-

ad sparseTis eklesia. amitomac iyo ar-

akanonieri antioqiis pretenziebi mis

mimarT. antioqias saerTod hqonda miz-

iduloba daemorCilebina mezobeli ek-

lesiebi, magaliTad, kviprosisa, romlis

avtokefaliac daicva III msoflio kre-

bam me-8 kanoniT.

rogorc cnobilia, romis imperiaSi

100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesiis nacv-

lad, provinciaTa eklesiebis avtokefali-

is gaqrobis kvaldakval TandaTanobiT

bizantiaSi V-VI ss-Si mitropoliaTa

urTierTSerwymis gziT Camoyalibda sul

6 avtokefaluri eklesia (xuTi sapa-

triarqo da kviprosis eklesia). xuTi

sapatriarqos Camoyalibebis kvaldakval,

VII-IX ss-saTvis bizantiaSi Camoyalib-

da pentarqiis Teoria, romlis mixedvi-

Tac mTel msoflioze eklesiuri iuris-

diqciis ganxorcielebis ufleba TiTqosda

hqonda am xuT sapatriarqos (e.i. romis,

konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, anti-

oqiisa da ierusalimis eklesiebs). am

Teoriis momxre Teologebi Txzavdnen

Teoriebs, Tu msoflios romeli qveynis

eklesia romel sapatriarqos unda daqvem-

debareboda. antioqieli Teologebis

azriT, saqarTvelo unda Sesuliyo an-

tioqiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi. es

mosazreba dawyebuli VII s-dan, grZelde-

boda vidre giorgi mTawmidelamde (XI s.).

ase Tu ise, igi miRebuli iyo antioqiis


sapatriarqo karze da am ideebs avr-

celebda maTi mwerlobac.

antioqiis patriarqs ioane antioqiels

(+648) miuweria sparseTis eklesiis

Sesaxeb did mitropolit maruTa tag-

ritelisTvis (+649), rom: ̀ winaT sparse-

Tis kaTalikosis saydari da somxeTis,

gurzanisa da aranis kaTalikosis say-

dari eqvemdebareboda antioqias kaTali-

kosis babaYs sikvdilamde~ (+484).337

am werilSi VII s-is antioqieli pa-

triarqi aRiarebs, rom mis dros (e.i.

VII s-Si) gurznis, anu saqarTvelos ek-

lesia antioqias ar eqvemdebareba, Tum-

ca ki masze pretenzias acxadebs. ufro

metic, misi cnobiT, qarTuli eklesia

ar eqvemdebareboda antioqias ukve kaTa-

likos babaYs sikvdilis Semdeg, e.i. V

s-is 80-iani wlebidan. im dromde Tu

eqvemdebareboda? àm cnobidan ar Cans,

gamoiyeneboda Tu ara es samarTali si-

namdvileSi. Tu adgilobrivi eklesiebis

istorias gadavxedavT, davrwmundebiT,

rom igi sinamdvileSi ar arsebobda.

somxeTis eklesia daarsebis pirveli

dReebidanve kesariis mitropolits eqvem-

debareboda, IV s-is bolos ki mTli-

an ad ga nT av i suflda mis ga n , raTa

damoukideblad ganviTarebuliyo. spar-

suli eklesiac mxolod iwodeboda an-

tioqiaze damokidebulad, 423-424 wleb-

is axlo xan e bSi man absoluturi

damoukidebloba moipova da gaauqma an-

tioqiis taxtze damokidebulebis kano-

ni. raki es ori eklesia iuridiulad

gaTavisuflda antioqiis mitropoliti-

sagan , unda vifiqroT, rom saqarTve-

loc aRar iyo masze damokidebuli, rad-

gan iberiis eklesiis aseTi samarTlebrivi

mdgomareoba arc erTi imdroindeli wya-

roTi ar dasturdeba~.338

pentarqiis Teoriam gansakuTrebuli

aRmavloba ganicada IX s-dan, amis Sed-

egad ukve monofizitur antioqiaSi,

romelic arabebis mier iyo dapyrobili,

aqa-iq SemorCenili marTlmadidebeli, anu

rogorc maT uwodebdnen melqiti (e.i.

mefis, konstantinopolis imperatoris

momxre), antioqieli berebi aviTarebd-

nen Sesabamis Teoriebs, erTi aseTi iyo

beri nikoni, romelmac XI s-Si wamoaye-

na mosazreba, rom àntioqiis patriarq-

ma ev staTim ( 325 -331) konstantin es

davalebiT moZebna qarTvelebi maTsave

qveyanaSi, monaTla isini da dauniSna

kaTalikosi, romelic antioqiis patri-

arqs dauqvemdebara~.339

nikonis es cnoba, rogorc cnobilia,

Targmnil iqna XI s-Si qarTulad da igi

yvela saeklesio fenam aRiara. me, pi-

radad, es cnoba SedarebiT sandod mi-

maCnia, radgan evstati antioqielis moR-

vaweobis dros (325-331), jer kidev ar

arsebobda konstantinopoli, viTarca

dedaqalaqi, romis imperiis aRmosavle-

Tis politikuri dedaqalaqi iyo antio-

qia. mis rogorc saero, ise sasuliero

xelisuflebas evaleboda imperiis aR-

mosavleTSi yovelgvar saqmeTa mogvare-

ba. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom mefe

mirianisagan imperatorTan gagzavnili

delegatebi konstantines eaxlnen q.

romSi, man ki evstaTi antioqiels, vi-

Tarca aRmosavleTSi mjdom ierarqs, daav-

ala qarTuli eklesiis saqmeTa mogvare-

ba. magram es ar niSnavs ierarqiul damor-

Cilebas axalSeqmnili eklesiisa, radga-

nac IV s-is pirveli naxevari aseT daqvem-

337 m. TarxniSvili, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis warmoqmna da ganviTareba, werilebi, 1994,gv. 134; 338 iqve , gv. 135; 339 m. TarxniSvili, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis warmoqmn a daganviTareba, werilebi, 1994, gv. 134.


debare bas ar iTvaliswinebda. cnoba

daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb pentarqiis mo-

mxreTa Seqmnili, anda SeTxzuli unda

iyos mogvianebiT.

XI s-Si melqit nikon SavmTels da

Cvens did saeklesio moRvawes efrem

mcires ekuTvniT cnoba, romelic maT

Zveli qronikebidan moupovebiaT, rom

imperator konstantine kopronimes dros

(741-775) ori qarTveli beri mivida pa-

triarq Teofilaqte antioqielTan (daax-

loebiT 744-751) ìsini Ciodnen, rom

qarTvelebs aRar hyavT kaTalikosi, ̀ rame-

Tu dRiTgan netarisa anastasi mRvdel-

mowamisa, antioqiel patriarqisa, ara

kurTxeul ars maTda kaTalikosi-mTa-

varepiskoposi siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rame-

Tu agarianTagan veravin ikadrebs sv-

lad~.340 am gancxadebis safuZvelze an-

toqiis patriarqs Teofilaqtes gaucia

sinodis sigeli, romlis mixedviTac mo-

mavalSi kaTalikosis kurTxeva qarTvel

episkoposebs miendoboda. amisaTvis ki

evalebodaT JamiswirvaSi antioqiis pa-

triarqis moxsenieba da yovelwliurad

1000 drahkanis gadaxda. patriarqi itove-

bda uflebas SemdgomSi mwvaleblobis

an ganxeTqilebis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelo-

Si egzarqosi gaegzavnaT~.341

rogorc v. goilaZem gaarkvia VIII s-

is 40-50-ian wlebSi antioqiis sapatri-

arqo karze Cavidnen ara `zemo iberiis~,

aramed `qvemo iberiis~, anu dasavleT

saqarTvelos zRvispira eklesiis warmo-

madgenlebi. rogorc cnobilia, VII s-is

20-iani wlebs Semdeg herakle keisris

aneqsiis Sedegad dasavleT saqarTvelos

zRvispireTi uSualod Sevida bizantiis

imperiis SemadgenlobaSi da dasavleT

saqarTveloSi vidre e.w. skanda-Sorap-

nis sazRvramde Tavisi iurisdiqcia ga-

naxorciela konstantinopolis sapatri-

arqom. aq Camoyalibda berZnulenovani

saepiskoposoebi lazikis eparqiaSi Se-

mavalni fazisis mitropolitis meTauro-

biT. maT Soris rodopolosis, ziganas,

petras, saisinis saepiskoposoebi. male,

gansakuTrebiT ki VIII s-Si politikuri

viTareba Seicvala. dasavleT saqarTve-

loSi xelisuflebis marTvis ufleba moi-

pova afxazeTidan gamosulma dinastiam,

kerZod ki leon I-ma, romelmac es ufleba

moipova qarTlis mefeTagan mefe miris

memkvidre asulis guranduxtis SerTvis

gziT. dasavleT saqarTvelo ibrZoda bi-

zantielebisagan damoukideblobis mosa-

poveblad. am mxriv konstantinopolis

moucleloba sasargeblo aRmoCnda qvey-

nis eklesiuri da politikuri damoukide-

blobis mopovebisaTvis. kerZod, am miwa-

wylidan e.i. `qvemo iberiidan~ Cavida

antioqiaSi saeklesio delegacia, swored

maT miiRes `sinodis sigeli~, romliTac

antioqiis patriarqma Teofilaqtem qvemo

iberiis, anu afxazeTis kaTalikosis

kurTxevis ufleba qarTvel episkoposebs

miando. Semdegi drois antioqieli pa-

triarqebi dosiTeosi, xrisanfi da sx-

vebi weren imis Sesaxeb, rom ̀ qvemo iberi-

is~ arqiepiskoposma (ase uwodebdnen isini

afxazeTis kaTalikoss) damoukidebloba

moipova lev isavrosis epoqaSi, e.i. 720-

ian wlebSi, rogorc Cans, am wlebSi

gaerTianda dasavleT saqarTvelos ek-

lesia, gaTavisuflda antioqiis aRniS-

nuli sinodis sigeliT, anu samarTlebriv-

kanonikuri gziT da ara saeklesio ur-

CobiT, rasac didi mniSvneloba aqvs.

340 iqve , gv. 143; 341 iqve, gv. 144.


saerTod, xatmebrZoluri xana xasi-

aTdeboda samarTlebriv uflebaTa gada-

adgilebiT. magaliTad, Tuki iqamde gu-

TeTis eklesia Sedioda konstantinopo-

lis iurisdiqciaSi, ioane guTelis dros,

VIII s-Si, konstantinopolSi xatme-

brZoluri eresis gamo, guTeTis ekle-

siam gadawyvita gamosuliyo dedaeklesi-

idan da daqvemdebareboda ierusalims.

rogorc cnobilia, ioane guTeli sami

weli eloda ierusalimSi episkoposad

kurTxevas, magram Semdeg am sapatri-

arqoSi gadauwyvetiaT guTeTis mezobel

marTlmadide bel iberiis e klesiaSi

ekurTxebinaT ioane guTeli episkoposad.

amgvaradve, dasavleT saqarTvelomac,

roca gadawyvita gamosuliyo konstan-

tinopolis iurisdiqciidan, mimarTa isev

bizantiur eklesias – antioqiis sapa-

triarqos, romlisaganac VIII s-Si mi-

iRo Sesabamisi kanonikuri dasturi. ase,

rom efrem mciresa da nikon SavmTelis

cnobebi iberiis kaTalikosis adgilze

kurTxevis Sesaxeb Seexeba ara mcxeTis

eklesiis, aramed afxazeTis (qvemo iberi-

is) eklesias. cnobaTa aRreva gamoiwvia

iman, rom rogorc mcxeTis, ise dasav-

leT saqarTvelos eklesiebs ìberTa ek-

lesiebi~ ewodebodaT bizantiaSi. bal-

samonic Tavis cnobil cnobaSi iberiis

eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWebis

Sesaxeb, sinamdvileSi wers ara mxolo-

biT ricxvSi - ìberiis eklesia~, aramed

mravlobiTSi - ìberiis eklesiebi~, es

kargad Cans rusul TargmanSi.

amave konteqstSi Sedis wmida miro-

nis kurTxevis sakiTxic. CvenSi miCneulia

giorgi merCules cnobaze dayrdnobiT,

rom mironis kurTxevis ufleba qarTulma

eklesiam moipova efrem mawyvereli (IX

s.) episkoposis wyalobiT ierusalimis

sapatriarqos mier . m. TarxniSvilis

TqmiT, ès moxda patriarq sergi ieru-

salimelis (843-859) dros, roca ori

qarTv eli beri, miqaeli da arsen i,

romelTac mcire aziaSi olimpis mTaze

qarTuli monasteri daaarses, wmida

qalaqSi mividnen da antioqiis patri-

arqTan SeTanxmebiT aqauri sinodisagan

TavianTi eklesiisaTvis es ufleba moi-

poves~.342 mironis kurTxeva Zvel ekle-

siaSi episkoposebis privilegia iyo, es

ufleba kidev ufro ganamtkica karTage-

nis krebebma IV s-Si. Cven garkveuli

gvaqvs, rom VI-VII ss-Si somxeTisa da

albaneTis eklesiebi mirons TviTonve

akurTxevdnen, amitomac samarTlebrivad

maTi Tanatoli da Tanafardi qarTuli

eklesiac, cxadia, mirons ZvelTaganve

akurTxevda. miT umetes, rom IV s-danve

uflis kvarTze amosuli sveticxovlis

Ziridan mironi gadmoedineboda, cxadia,

mcire odenobiT, romelsac albaT ure-

vdnen xarSvisas wmida mirons.

zemoaRniSnuli cnoba mironis Sesax-

eb kvlav dasavleT saqarTvelos ekle-

sias Seexeba – saqme isaa, rom dasavleT

saqarTvelos berZnuli saepiskoposoebi,

cxadia, mirons konstantinopolidan

iRebdnen, masTan xatmebrZoluri eresis

gamo kavSiris gawyvetis Semdeg isini

Seecadnen mironi sxva romelime bizan-

tiuri sapatriarqodan mieRoT. qvemo

iberiis, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos-

admi miniWebuli avtokefalia _ TavisTa-

vadobis sanacvlod _ antioqia-ierusal-

imis erT-erTi piroba iyo wmida mironi

maTgan SeesyidaT, romelSic 1000 drah-

34 2 m. TarxniSvili, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis warmoqmn a da ganviTareba, werilebi,1994, gv. 145.


kani unda gadaexada qarTul mxares.

swored es sakiTxi unda moegvarebina

efrem mawyverelsa da sxva pirebs. ker-

Zod, maTi wyalobiT ierusalimsa da an-

tioqiaSi miuRweviaT TanxmobisaTvis, rom

afxazeTis eklesiisaTvis saWiro mironi

TviT saqarTveloSive kurTxeuliyo. e.i.

qvemo iberiis sakaTalikosos mironi ukve

ara antioqia-ierusalimidan, aramed adg-

ilzeve unda mieRo. es winadadeba, Cans,

giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebaSi Tavda-

pirvelad savaraudod aseTi saxiT ew-

era: `rameTu afxazeTisa kaTalikosTa

mironi ierusalimiT mohyvanda, xolo

efrem qristesmieriTa brZanebiTa miro-

nis kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusal-

imisa patriaqisa ganwesebiTa da wamebi-

Ta sixaruliT, aramed qarTlad friadi

qveyana aRiricxebis, romelsaca Sina

qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis~, afx-

azeTic qarTlia, radganac wirva-locva

da yoveli saeklesio saqme aq qarTul

enaze aResruleba. maSasadame, gadawyda,

rom dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesias

mironi ekurTxebina adgilzeve e.i. mie-

Ro mcxe-Tidan . es iyo gamTliane ba

sulieri TvalsazrisiT qarTuli eklesi-

isa (ixile amis Sesaxeb sagangebo gamokv-

leva `mironis kurTxevis Sesaxeb~).343

saqarTvelos eklesia ar warmoSobi-

la erTbaSad, erTi sqemiT. rogorc aRin-

iSna, aq qristianuli Temebi arsebobd-

nen qristianobis oficialur aRiarebam-

de ara mxolod dabal, aramed maRal

fenebSic, rasac arqeologiuri monace-

mebi da werilobiTi wyaroebic miuTiTebs,

magram es iyo mcirericxovani Temebi.

mkvlevarTa Soris davaa IV s-is dasawyis-

Si `qarTlis moqcevis~ TariRis Sesaxeb.

saerTod ra igulisxmeboda ̀ qarTlis mo-

qcevaSi~? imperatorma konstantinem mefe

mirianis TxovniT warmoagzavna ̀ moswrafe-

biT mRvdelni naTlisRebisaTvis~,344 maT

Soris iyo episkoposi ioane. `mefem na-

Tel iyo xelsa queSe wmidisa ninossa~,

aseve moinaTla dedofali da ufliswule-

bi. mdinare mtkvarze episkoposma naTe-

li sca warCinebulebs, xolo mRvdlebma

mTel ers - swored es iyo `qarTlis

moqceva~. romel wels moxda es? wyaro

TviTve gvpasuxobs, kerZod, – qarTlis

moqcevis Semdeg mefe mirianma ukanve

gagzavna imperatorTan episkoposi ioane

aseTi saTxovriT: ìTxova nawili Zelisa

cxovrebisa, romelic mas oden Jamsa

gamoeCina RvTis moyvare elene dedo-

falsa~.345 episkopos ioanes pirveli Camos-

vlis dros `Zeli cxovrebisa~ ierusal-

imSi jer kidev ar iyo aRmoCenili, ami-

tomac iyo, rom qarTvelTa gaqristianebis

surviliT uzomod gaxarebulma impera-

torma da elene dedofalma Tavdapirve-

lad mirian mefes mxolod macxovris

xati da Cveulebrivi jvari gamougza-

vnes,346 xolo meorejer Casul qarTlis

delegatebs, romelTa Soris episkoposTan

erTad qarTveli ̀ warCinebulic~ iyo, im-

peratorma `sixaruliT mianiWa nawili

Zelisa cxovelisa da ficarni igi, romel-

Ta zeda ferxni damsWvalul iyve s

uflisani da samsWualni xelTani~.

rogorc cnobilia, elene dedofalma

ierusalimSi aRniSnuli siwmideni moi-

pova 326 wels, xolo rogorc aRiniSna,

`qarTlis moqceva~, anu mtkvarSi eris

naTloba ufro adre moxda. maSasadame,

unda daveTanxmoT vaxuStisa da sxva

mraval avtors, romelnic `qarTlis

343 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 70; 344 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 111; 345

iqve , gv. 117; 346 iqve, gv. 116.


moqcevis~ TariRebad 317-318 wlebs mi-

iCneven. amasTan dakavSirebiT, aRsaniS-

navia is momentic, rom msoflio qris-

tianobis udidesi siwmideebi ̀ ferxTa fi-

cari~ da samsWvalni uflisa ubralo

qalaqebSi _ eruSeTsa da manglisSi da-

toves da ara dedaqalaqSi – qristiani

mefis mfarvelobis qveS. ismis kiTxva,

mounaTlavi, araqristianuli qalaqebis

warmarT mosaxleebs rogor andes aseTi

siwmide, warmarTebi xom sastikad epy-

robodnen qristianul siwmideebs? rogorc

Txzuleba `cxra Zma kolaelTa martvi-

loba~ gviCvenebs, warmarTebma ar dain-

des TviT sakuTari gaqristianebuli

Svilebi da qvebiT Caqoles, xolo ekle-

sia daarbies. manglissa da eruSeTSi

datovebul aRniSnul siwmideebs ki mkvid-

ri mosaxleoba gafacicebiT icavda, im-

denad, rom V-VI ss-Si ̀ manglisis jvari~

saerTo-kavkasiuri salocavic ki iyo. amis

gamo, Cven unda vifiqroT, rom ioane

episkoposis droisaTvis, e.i. IV s-is

dasawyisSi manglissa, eruSeTSi da al-

baT sxva daba-soflebSic, Cans, ukve ar-

sebobda mZlavri qristianuli Temebi (e.i.

qarTlis oficialurad moqcev amde ),

romelTaTvisac SeiZleboda udidesi,

msoflio mniSvnelobis qristianuli si-

wmideebis mindoba, swored am Temebs

auSenes eklesiebi ioane episkoposis mier

Camoyvanilma kiriTxuroebma.

saqarTvelos eklesiis organizebis

Semdeg, IV s-is dasawyisSi, saeklesio

samarTlis wyaro iyo harmoniuli (sim-

foniuri) kavSiri eklesiisa saxelmwi-

fosTan, romelic damyarda mirian mefis

saxelmwifo xelisuflebasa da qarTul

eklesias Soris. es kavSiri saukuneTa

manZilze samagaliTo iyo. m. TarxniSvi-

lis TqmiT - `saqarTvelos mmarTvelebs

Tavisi Tavi RvTis mebrZolad da misi

saqmis aRmsruleblad miaCndaT~, 347 es

grZeldeboda saukuneTa manZilze. àmg-

vari damokidebulebis mimaniSnebelia war-

werac fulze: mesiis maxvils uwodebd-

nen TavianT Tavs mefeebi demetre (1125-

1156), giorgi III (1156-1184), laSa-gior-

gi (1213-1222), dedofali rusudani (1222-

1245), Tamari Tavis Tavs ase uwodebda:

`mesiis Semwe~. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTve-

los mefeebi ar gadadiodnen sazRvars

`romliTac gamijnulni iyvnen RvTis mier

dawesebuli saeklesio ierarqiisagan~.348

`wmida ninos cxovreba~ cxadyofs,

rom qarTlis moqceva moxda qalaq kon-

stantinopolis daarsebamde, e .i. 330

wlamde, es iqidan Cans, rom aRniSnul

`cxovrebaSi~ q. romi (e .i. imperiis

dedaqalaqi) dasaxelebulia ramdenjer-

me, magaliTad, am `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad,

elene dedofali romSi zis, amitomac

mis winaSe `gaemgzavrnen wmida nino da

efeseli qali qalaq romSi~.349 faravnis

tbasTan ufalma wm. ninos misca wigni

wasakiTxad, romelic `dawerili iyo

laTinurad~,350 wm. ninos uwodeben ase:

`romaeli tyve~,351 wm. ninos sarwmunoe-

bas ki qarTveli warmarTebi ase uwodebd-

nen - `romaelTa Secdomili rjuli~.352

gaqristianebuli mefe miriani ambobs:

`viqn eb i morCili ninosi romaelTa

rjulze,353 Tumca amave dros romis im-

perias `saberZneTic~ ewodeba, mis mefes

ki `berZenTa mefe~, konstantinopolis

ar ars e b ob a s moqc e v is dro is aTv is

gulisxmobs isic, rom wm. ninos `wigni

miswera~ ara konstantinopolis episko-

347 m. TarxniSvili, 1994, gv. 369; 348 iqve, 370 ; 349 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t.1, 1996, gv. 147 ; 350 iqve , gv. 149; 351 iqve, gv. 157 352 iqve , gv. 159; 353 saqarTvelos samociquloeklesiis istoria, t. 1, 1996, gv. 161;


posma , aramed romis p atriarqma ìm

dReebSi mouvida wigni romis patriar-

qisagan wmida ninos, mefes da qarTlis

mTel ers~.354 mTel TxzulebaSi mxolod

erTxel gvxvdeba sityva `konstantinop-

oli~ da unda vifiqroT, rom igi unda

iyos CanarTi, radganac axlosaa sxva

meore CanarTTan, romelSic laparakia

mTiulebis Sesaxeb: `xolo ukanasknel

Jams maTi nawili moaqcia abibos nekre-

selma episkoposma da zogierTi maTgani

darCnen warmarTobaSive dRemde~,355 e.i.

wmida ninos `cxovrebis~ redaqtirebis

Jams albaT VI-VII ss-Si CaurTes sity-

va `konstantinopoli~.

m. TarxniSvilis sityviT, `saqarTve-

los kavSiri antioqiasTan xangrZlivi aras-

dros yofila~.356 m. TarxniSvilis azriT,

antioqiasTan kavSiri saqarTvelos ekle-

siam daamyara ara IV, aramed V s-is

bolos. `V s-is bolos damyarebuli kav-

Siri antioqiasTan ukve 610 wels Seirya

da VIII s-Si sruliad gawyda~.356 am dros,

m. TarxniSvilis sityviT (e.i. V s-Si),

antioqia monofizituri yofila, amito-

mac misi azriT, V s-Si qarTuli ekle-

siac monofizituri iyo. es mosazreba

Cvens mier mTlianad uaryofilia.357

m. TarxniSvili svams Zalze sain-

tereso kiTxvas, romelzec pasuxis ga-

cemiT, Cven movZebniT qarTuli eklesiis

samarTlis wyaros IV s-Si, kerZod -

`pirveli episkoposi, romelic bizanti-

idan movida, ̀ moqcevaY qarTlisaYs~ mixed-

viT iyo ioane, mis Semdeg mcxeTis episko-

posis taxtze avida masTan erTad mosu-

li mRvdeli iakobi. CvenTvis ucnobia,

Tu sad ekurTxa igi episkoposad, rad-

gan sakuTari ierarqiis Seqmna aseT mcire

droSi SeuZlebeli iyo, xolo jer kidev

zomieri da upretenzio bosforispira

qalaqi (konstantinopoli) Zalian Sors

iyo, qarTvelebi iZulebulni iyvnen, Ta-

vianTi umaRlesi mwyemsi mezobel qris-

tian xalxebTan e.i. somxebTan da siri-

elebTan eZebna, marTlac mcxeTis mesame

episkoposi iobi somexi mTavarepiskopo-

sis, nerse didis (daaxloebiT 362-373)

diakvani iyo. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom

nersem TviTon akurTxa Tavisi diakvani

episkoposad~...35 8

m. TarxniSvili cdeba, radganac Zvelma

qarTulma saeklesio istoriografiam ico-

da, `Tu sad ekurTxa episkoposad~ iako-

bi, iobi da sxvani IV-V ss-Si. Cveni

wyaroebi dabejiTebiT miuTiTebdnen, rom

isini ekurTxebodnen aqve, saqarTvelo-

Sive da isini ar ukurTxebiaT ucxoeT-

Si, anda ucxoel pirvel mRvdelmTavrebs.

magaliTad, qarTuli eklesiis meore

episkoposi iakobi mefe mirianis nebiT

dajda eklesiis meTaurad, mirians es

Tavad wm. ninom sTxova.359

mis Semdeg qarTvelTa mefem episko-

posad `dasva elia~, `mokvda episkoposi

iakob da dasva mis wil elia~,360 elias

sikvdilis Semdeg aqve, saqarTveloSive,

axal episkoposad `dasves~ svimoni -

`mokvda elia episkoposi da dasves svi-

mon~.360 aseve saqarTveloSive mRvdeli

miqaeli ̀ daadgines episkoposad~. - ̀ moiy-

vana mRvdeli WeSmariti saberZneTiT, sax-

eliT miqael da daadgines igi episko-

posad~36 1 da a.S. episkopose bs aq ve ,

saqarTveloSive àdgendnen~ an `svamd-

nen~ Sesabamisi wreebi. iyo Tu ara

saqarTveloSive IV s-Si ramdenime episko-

posi? diax, iyo, ukve mirian mefis sikvdi-

354 iqve , gv. 169; 355 iqve , gv. 170; 356 m. TarxniSvili, werilebi, gv. 145; 357 saqarTvelos samociquloeklesiis istoria, t. 1, gv. 385; 358 m. TarxniSvili, werilebi, gv. 135; 359 saqarTvelos samociquloeklesia, t. I, gv. 193; 360 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 137; 361 iqve, gv. 145.


lis droisaTvis (IV s-is 60-ian wleb-

Si) saqarTveloSi iyo ramdenime episko-

posi, sikvdilis Jams mirian mefem `dave-

dra episkoposTa~.. .362 e.i. episkoposebs

sTxova. swored es episkoposebi irCevdnen

TavianT krebaze eklesiis meTaurs, xolo

mefe `svamda~ mas. ramdenime episkoposi

yofila mefe mirianis Semdegac, magal-

iTad, v axtan g gorgasals, roca is

sparseTidan dabrunda, miegebnen qarTveli

episkoposebi - ̀ warmovida vaxtang qarT-

lad da miegebnen. .. episkoposni~.363 es

episkoposebi marTavdnen eklesias IV s-

is kanonebis mixedviT.

aqedan Cans, rom IV s-Si eklesia

saqarTveloSi, iseve , rogorc romis im-

periis provinciaTa eklesiebis umetesi

nawili, iyo TviTmarTvadi, anu rogorc

balsamoni aseT eklesiebs uwodebs _

avtokefaluri. qarTuli wyaroebis swori

interpretireba mxolod amtkicebs bal-

samonis mosazrebas. amasve iTxovda msof-

lio saeklesio kanonmdebloba, kerZod,

karTagenis krebis (419) 74-e muxlis

Tanaxmad, ùcxo episkoposi ar unda

dajdes ucxo eklesiis saydarze~ (karT.,

74-e kanoni), ratom unda darRveuliyo

es kanoni qarTuli eklesiis mimarT?

m a S a s a d a m e , a q e d a n g a m o md i n a r e ,

qarTvelebs ara ucxoeli episkoposebi

ahyavdaT eklesiis meTaurad, aramed maT

saqarTveloSive akurTxebdnen da Semdeg

aZlevdnen eklesiis meTauris pativs.

IV s-is 80-ian wlebSi Seicvala saer-

TaSoriso viTareba, saqarTveloSi gaba-

tonda irani, iranSi ki, rogorc cno-

bilia, am droisaTvis arsebobda Zlieri

siriul-sparsuli qristianuli eklesia,

rasac Tavisi gavlena mouxdenia qarTu-

li eklesiis orientaciaze. Tanaxmad m.

TarxniSvilisa, amas unda gamoewvia Cven-

Si ori, prosparsuli da proberZnuli

orientaciis ierarqiis warmoSoba. maT me-

Taur episkoposebs, Cans, gavleniani adg-

ili eWiraT samefo karze – vaxtang gor-

gaslis siWabukis dros (e.i. saeklesio

reformamde) erT-erTi darbazobis dros

mefis gverdiT sagangebo taxtebze dasves

ori episkoposi.364 isini ori saepisko-

poso frTis meTaurebi unda yofiliyvnen.365

m. TarxniSvilis mier moZiebuli

wyaros Tanaxmad, 419 wels Catarebula

`siriul-sparsuli~ saeklesio kreba

selevkiis qtesifonSi sparseTis kaTa-

likosis mar-iah-balahis dros, romel-

Sic monawileobas Rebulobdnen èpisko-

posebi gurzanidan~, e.i. saqarTvelodan.

es unda yofiliyo is prosparsuli ier-

arqia, romelic ukve, Cans, arsebobda

saqarTveloSi. `yvelaze metad TvalSi

sacemia krebis aqtebis ena. aqtebis mixed-

viT iah-balahi yvela iq Sekrebili episko-

posis kaTalikosia, igi àRmosavleTis

episkoposebis meTaurad~ iwodeboda iez-

digerdis mTel samefoSi~.366 magram es

unda yofiliyo mxolod erTi jgufi

qarTveli episkoposebisa. vaxtangis si-

Wabukis dros, rogorc cnobilia, bizan-

tiis imperiam miitaca klarjeTi da zRvi-

spireTi, vidre cixe-gojamde. amis gamo

qarTli ori imperiis gavlenis arealSi

mdebareobda, rac aisaxeboda saeklesio

cxovrebaSi, mis ierarqiaSic. Tavis mxriv,

sakuTriv qarTlic orad yofila gay-

ofili, kerZod, qvemo qarTlsa da kax-

eT-hereTSi, SesaZloa teritoriuli siax-

lovis gamo, iranuli orientaciis episko-

posebi Warbobdnen.

362 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 129; 363 iqve , gv. 140; 364 iqve, 140 ; 365 saqarTvelos samociquloeklesiis istoria, I, gv. 195; 366 m. TarxniSvili, werilebi, gv. 136.


Cveni fiqriT, Tormetma episkoposma,

romlebic vaxtangma bizantiidan Camoiy-

vana, Secvala qvemo qarTlisa da kaxeT-

hereTis prosparsuli orientaciis mqone

episkoposebi. vaxtangis saeklesio ori-

entacia iyo mkveTrad bizantiuri, man

anderZic ki daibara amis dasacavad. am-

itomac misTvis prosparsuli ierarqia,

qveynis ganTavisuflebis Semdeg miuRe-

beli iyo. marTlac 12-ve axali episko-

posi man dasva qvemo qarTlsa, kaxeT-

hereTsa da berZenTagan ganTavisufle-

bul klarjeTSi (es teritoria vaxtang-

ma ukan daibruna da, cxadia, iq Tavisi

episkoposi dasva) _ `dasva erTi episko-

posad klarjeTs, eklesiasa axizisasa,

erTi artaans eruSeTs, erTi javaxeTs,

wundas, erTi mangliss, erTi bolniss,

erTi rusTavs, erTi ninowmidas, ujar-

mis karsa, romeli gorgasalsa aeSena,

erTi Werems... erTi CeleTs... erTi xor-

nabujs da erTi agaraks.367

rogorc cnobilia, sastiki winaaRm-

degoba iyo mefesa da mTavarepiskopos

miqaels Soris. am faqts sxvadasxvag-

varad xsnian istorikosebi, miiCneven, rom

maT Soris iyo sarwmunoebrivi dapiri-

spireba. mefe vaxtangic da mTavarepisko-

posi miqaelic diofizitebi iyvnen da

maT Soris winaaRmdegoba xelisuflebi-

saTvis brZoliT iyo gamowveuli.

saqme is iyo, rom qarTlsa da hereT-

Si gabatonebis Semdeg iranelebma qvey-

nis sammarTvelo da sasamarTlo Zalau-

fleba CamoarTves aznaurebs (warCineb-

ulebs) da gadasces samRvdeloebas (sa-

suliero wodebas). Tu rogor xdeboda

es sparselTa mier, kargad aqvs aRwer-

ili arsen safarels somxuri eklesiis

istoriasTan dakavSirebiT. igi wers _

`somex aznaurTa xelisufleba daeca

marzapanis mier, kaTalikosebma da episko-

posebma miiRes ufleba win aRdgomodnen

aznaurTa xelisuflebas. samRvdeloebas

mieca ufleba mosaxleobisagan moekrib-

aT xarki da gadaexadaT sparselebisaTvis,

radganac episkoposebsa da qorepisko-

posebs miandes somxeTi, rogorc spars-

Ta mefobis morCilebs. zogierTma kaTa-

likosma da episkoposma sparseTis me-

feebi iSviles da TavianTi Zeebi uwodes...

(s amRvdeloe bam) miaRwie s imas, rom

samTavro msajuleba TviT miitaces da

kanonis samarTlisamebr ar iqceodnen.

eklesiis sakuTreba miiTvises da flan-

gavdnen eriskacTa saCveneblad... saepisko-

posoebi gadaiqcnen qedismosaxrel adg-

ilebad, sadac mividodnen xolme aznau-

rebi (episkoposTa karze) da maT episko-

posebi ar iRebdnen, Sercxvenili aznau-

rebi ukanve brundebodnen, rogoradac

marzapnis karidan. es didi Seuracxyo-

fa mouTmeneli iyo~.368

marTalia, zemoaRniSnuli istoria

exeba somxeTis eklesias da arsen safa-

reli kargad aRwers, sparseTis Sahebma

rogor gadasces dapyrobil somxeTSi

saero xelisufleba somxur eklesias da

es kanonieri ufleba CamoarTves aznau-

rebs, e.i. saero xelisufalT. igive moimo-

qmedes sparselebma saqarTveloSic,

rogorc amas `moqcev aY q arTlisaY~

uCvenebs. IV s-is bolosa da V s-is

dasawyisSi, vaxtang gorgaslis gamefe-

bamde arsebul mdgomareobas mematiane

ase aRwers: `da mere mefobda mirdat da

mTavarepiskoposi iyo glonoqor da es

mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadca iyo baraz-

367 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 199; 368 a. jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I,gv. 370-371.


bod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs.

da misa Semdgomad mefobda didi vax-

tang gorgasali~. 369

aq savsebiT naTlad aris aRwerili

qveyanaSi Seqmnili viTareba: qarTveli

mefe nominaluri mmarTvelia, qveyanas

faqtobrivad marTavs sparsi pitiaxSi,

romelmac `qarTlisa da hereTis erisTa-

vad~ daniSna qarTuli eklesiis meTauri

_ mTavarepiskoposi. ras niSnavs es? Cans,

imasve rac ufro adre mezobel somxeT-

Si moxda, kerZod, qarTuli eklesiis

meTaurs mieniWa qveynis sammarTvelo

(saero) ufleba – igia erisTavi da mis

xelSia qveyanaSi xarkis mokrebis ufle-

ba. esaa udidesi Zalaufleba, romelic

moaklda qarTlis aznaurebs da gadaeca

qarTvel samRvdeloeb as. ra Sedegi

moitana aman? _ arseni safarelis si-

tyvebs Tu moviSveliebT `sasulieroni

(k aTalikosebi da episkoposeb i) win

aRudgnen aznaurTa xelisuflebas – me-

fis xelisuflebas... eklesiis sakuTre-

ba miiTvises da flangavdnen (e.i. `meg-

vadruceebi~, anu molareebi arian qris-

tesi). .. saepiskoposoebi gadaiqcnen qe-

dis mosadrekel adgilebad. .. episkopose-

bi maT (aznaurebs) ar iRebdnen da Ser-

cxvenili aznaurebi ukan brundebodnen~.

swored ase moeqca mTavarepiskoposi

miqaeli vaxtang mefes maTi Sexvedris

dros, mefe cxenidan CamoqveiTda, mi-

uaxlovda amxedrebul episkoposs, raTa

mas mTxveoda fexze. miqaelma ̀ gakra fexi,

qoSis qusli pirSi Caartya da mefes

kbili Caumtvria~.

rogor moiqca Seuracxyofili mefe?

Tumca Zlier surda, magram ar ikadra

mTavarepiskoposis dasja, mxolod si-

tyviT mimarTa - `vercxlismoyvare xar

Sen, rameTu qristes megvadruce xar~.

vfiqrob am sityvis xmareba `megva-

druce~ anu `fulis Semgrovebeli~, miu-

TiTebs, rom am dros qarTvel samRvde-

loebas jer kidev hqonda ufleba moe-

grovebina mTel qveyanaSi xarki, albaT

sparselTa, anda sakuTari qveynis xazi-

naSi Sesatanad. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cve-

ni mematianis sityviT aSkaraa, rom mefe

vaxtangi da miqaeli erTmaneTs xelisu-

flebisTvis ebrZodnen.370

sabolood, rogorc cnobilia, vax-

tangma Tavis laSqarze (`spaze~) dayrd-

nobiT SeZlo moegvarebina eklesiasTan

urTierToba. kerZod, man, Cans, moSala

sparselebis mier dadgenili wesi, ekle-

sias CamoarTva saqveyno mmarTvelobis

ufleba da daubruna mas Tavisi kanon-

ieri uflebani, romelnic saeklesio

krebaTa mier iyo dadgenili. am dros

vaxtangisaTvis saWiro yofila eklesiis

iseTi didi avtoritetebi, rogorebic

iyvnen bizantiis imperiaSi arsebuli sa-

patriarqoebi. vaxtangma, Cans, qarTuli

eklesia gamoiyvana siriul-sparsuli saek-

lesio sferodan da Seiyvana igi bizan-

tiur saeklesio sferoSi. aq ar ig-

ulisxmeba iurisdiqcia. eklesiaSi Catar-

da udidesi reforma, kerZod, aRdgeni-

li iqna simfoniuri urTierToba qarTul

saxelmwifosa da erovnul eklesias

Soris, romelic dairRva sparsTa ba-

tonobis Sedegad.

maSasadame, mefe mirianis Semdeg ek-

lesiasa da samefos Soris simfoniuri

urTierToba arsebobda sparselebis Se-

mosevamde, e.i. IV s-is 80-ian wlebamde,

SemdegSi ki, vaxtang gorgaslis dros

369 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I , 1964, gv. 93; 370 saqarTvelos samociquloeklesiis istoria, I, gv . 242-256.


es darRveuli urTierToba, rogorc aRin-

iSna, aRdga. am dros, rogorc special-

istebi aRniSnavdnen, qarTul eklesiaSi,

iseve rogorc maxlobeli aRmosavleTis

eklesiebSi (V-VI ss-Si), gamoiyeneboda

e.w. siriul-romauli samarTali, romelic

SemdegSi dakargula da vaxtang VI-s

XVIII s-Si igi xelaxla uTargmnia. vax-

tang gorgasalma, rogorc viciT, Sem-

oiRo kaTalikosoba.

`kaTalikozs mieca taxtad svet-

icxovlis taZ ari, iwode boda kaTa-

likozad mcxeTisa da iveriisa TiTqmis

1400 wlis ganmavlobaSi. .. kaTalikoz-

patriarqi mcxeTidan Tavisuflad ga-

nagebda saqarTvelos saeklesio saqmeebs

da an gariSs arav is aZlevda. kaTa -

likozis xelqveiTTa morCilTa Seqmnes

samefo samefoSi, rogorc Cans Zvel

sigel-gujarebidan da vaxtang VI-is

samarTlis wignidan, im saxiTve, rogorc

feodalebma dasavleT evropaSi. kaTa-

likozi iTvleboda sulier meufed qvey-

nisa. mefe da kaTalikozi erTnairi pa-

tiviTa da uflebiT sargeblobdnen. Seu-

racxyofa kaTalikozisa udrida mefis

Seuracxyofas. misi Semdegi ierarqiis

sasuliero wevrni gaTanabrebulni iyvnen

saero ierarqiis wevrebTan~. 371

`gaZlierda da gavrcelda saero xa-

siaTi sasuliero wodebisa, amis gan-

marteba unda veZioT xalxis gadaWarbe-

bul sarwmunoe briv midre kile b aSi

rogorc erTxel dasavleT evropaSi

iyo~.372 `saeklesio glexni Tavisufalni

iyvnen yoveli saero gadasaxadisagan~.372

`kaTalikozsa hyavda sakuTari mTavro-

ba imave wesrigiT rogorc mefesa. spasal-

arebs, aTasis Tavebs, asis Tavebsa da

sxva moxeleT TviT kaTalikozi niSnav-

da. omSi an Tavad kaTalikozi da episko-

posni winamZRvrobdnen an spasalarni,

rogorc dro da garemoeba moiTxovda.

calke jarebs agrovebdnen, roca saWiro

iyo episkoposni da monasterTa winamZR-

varni da brZolis velze gahyavdaT da

maTTan erTad Rvridnen sisxlsa~.373

k. kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, ar Sei-

Zleba kaTalikosobis SemoReba davukav-

SiroT qarTuli eklesiis mier avtoke-

faliis mopovebas, igi ar eTanxmeba am

mxriv iv. javaxiSvils da wers: `prof.

iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobs, rom kaToliko-

zobis SemoReba arsebiTad iyo iberiis

gaTavisufleba ucxo eklesiaze damok-

idebulebisagan. `cnobilia is, rom aR-

mosavleTis qristianeTa Soris `kaTa-

likozi~ damoukidebeli eklesiis mTa-

vari episkopozi da saWeTmpyrobelis

aRmniSvneli wodeba iyo. maSasadame, vax-

tang gorgaslisagan saqarTveloSi kaTa-

likozobis daweseba qarTuli eklesiis

d amo uk ide blo b is d a we s e b a d u nd a

vigulisxmoT~, magram es mcdari azria,

kaTalikozobis SemoRebas araferi cvli-

leba ar mouxdenia iberiis eklesiis Tavis

ierarqiul-kanonikur damokidebulebaSi

da, ase vTqvaT, saeklesioTaSoriso mdgo-

mareobaSi, sityva `kaTalikozi~ aris

berZnuli sityva da realurad niSnavs

iseT episkopozs, romelsac gansazRvrul

teritoriaze sxva episkopozebi ufro-

sad icnoben. Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi

am s ityv iT aRin i Sn e b a ara ma rto

damoukidebeli eklesiis Tavi, aramed

damokidebulebaSi myofic, ufro xSirad

mitropoliti... ase yofila ara marto

qarTul mwerlobaSi, aramed ucxo mw-

erlobaSic (somxeTSic `mitropoliti~

iTargmneboda sityviT `kaTalikosi~),

371 p. karbelaSvili, ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, 1900, gv. 29; 372 iqve, gv. 31; 373 iqve, gv. 33.


amnairad, Tu iberiis eklesiis Tavs ̀ kaTa-

likozi~ daerqva, ara imitom, rom is

ierarqiulad gaTavisuflda ucxo ekle-

siaze damokidebulebisagan, aramed imi-

tom, rom ramdenime episkoposTa Soris

iberiaSi is Seiqmna ufrosi, pirveli

episkopozi `sazogado~, saerTo xelmZR-

vaneli yvela danarCenisa~.374

maSasadame, Tu es asea da sityva ̀ kaTa-

likosis~ damkvidreba aRniSnavda ara ek-

lesiis avtokefaliis SemoRebas, aramed

mxolod imas, rom am titulis matarebe-

li episkoposi gadaiqca, ufros, pirvel,

`sazogado~ pirvelierarqad, maSin aRar

unda ugulebelvyoT ruis-urbnisis kreb-

is Zeglisweris, efrem mcires `moqcevaY

qarTlisaYs~ WeliSuri redaqciis monace-

mebi, romelnic sityva `kaTalikoziT~

moixsenieben qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs

ukve IV s-dan _ mirian mefidanve.

wm. ninos `cxovrebis~ WeliSur re-

daqciaSia: vaxtang gorgaslamde `gar-

dacvalebul iyvnes mefeni aTni da kaTa-

likozni cametni~; maSasadame , misi av-

toris TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli eklesi-

is meTaurebi iyvnen episkoposTa Soris

pirvelni, Tavni, `sazogadoni~, Tumca

ki SesaZloa, es termini `kaTalikozi~

marTlac V s-Si iqna SemoRebuli, ma-

gram am terminis damkvidrebamdec pirve-

lierarqs sxva episkoposebTan Sedare-

biT pirveloba hqonia mopovebuli, amit-

omac unda uwodebdes avtori IV s-is

pirvelmRvdelmTavrebs _ `kaTalikozs~.

aseve, amave TvalsazrisiT unda xmarob-

des efrem mcirec am termins _ qarTu-

li eklesiis dafuZnebisTanave pirvel

ierarqs ukve hqonia tituli _ `kaTali-

kosi mTavarepiskoposi~, rac Tavis Tav-

Si gulisxmobs ramdenime saepiskoposo

kaTedris arsebobas. efrem mcire, romelic

sagangebod ikvlevda qarTuli eklesiis

kanonikur urTierTdamokidebulebas ucxo

eklesiebTan, cxadia, termin ̀ mTavarepisko-

possa da kaTalikoss~ SemTxveviT ar ix-

marda. efrem mcire Tavis TxzulebaSi

ùwyeba mizezTa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~

wers: _ `saxelica movlinebulisa mis

episkoposisa esreT povnil ars, viTarmed

TviT evstaTi iyo antioqieli patriarqi,

romelman daamyara eklesia igi, mirianis

mier mcxeTas aRSenebuli da ukurTxa

maT kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi~.

ruis-urbnisis wmida krebis `Zeg-

liswerac~ aseve kaTalikozad e.i. sa-

zogado, sayovelTao episkoposad moix-

seniebs qarTuli eklesiis pirvelive me-

Taurs: `TviT patriarqTa Soris saxel-

ganTqmulman evstaTi [325-330] xeliTa

TvisiTa STadva safuZveli maSin sadme

mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesiisa, ...gan-

wmida igi da xeldasxmul-yo mas Sina

maTTvis episkopozi-kaTalikosi~.375

rogorc aRiniSna, sityva `kaTaliko-

sis~ xmareba efrem mcires, `ruis-urb-

nisis krebis~, `moqcevaYs~ WeliSuri re-

daqciis mier miuTiTebs, rom Zveli

qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiis

TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi

IV s-danve arsebobda ramdenime eparqia,

ramdenime mmarTveli episkoposi, romel-

Ta Soris pirveli ijda mcxeTaSi, mas

hqonia tituli sayovelTao ̀ mTavarepisko-

posisa~, Tumca ki es termini `kaTali-

kosi~ SesaZloa mas, marTlac, ar ewode-

boda V s-is Sua wlebamde.

k . kekeliZe , rogorc cnobilia ,

fiqrobda, rom vaxtang gorgaslis saek-

374 k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t. IV, 1957 w., gv. 335-336; 375

`didi sjulis kanoni~, 1975, gv. 546; 376 iqve, gv. 340.


lesio reformamde saqarTveloSi iyo

erTi eparqia erTi episkoposiT, amito-

mac, TiTqosda iqamde `CvenSi `mTavar-

episkoposi~ ar yofila~.376 wyaroTa mudmiv

Cvenebas, rom CvenSi V s-is meore nax-

evramde eklesiis meTaurs hqonda wode-

ba `mTavarepiskoposi~, xsnis imiT, rom

TiTqosda ̀ moqcevaY qarTlisaY~ ganurCev-

lad xmarobs sityvas èpiskoposi~ da

`mTavarepiskoposi~.377 maSasadame, Tu Cveni

eklesiis meTauri ioane konstantinopo-

lidan meored Camosvlis Semdeg ixse-

nieba `mTavarepiskoposis~ tituliT da

Semdeg erT momentSi kvlav ̀ episkoposad~

(mag., WeliSuri variantiT wm. ninom gar-

dacvalebis win `Sehvedra iakob mRvde-

li mefesa da episkopossa~), amitomac

wyaros Cveneba ioanes mTavarepiskoposo-

bis Sesaxeb sando araa, magram ra vuyoT

maSin efrem mcires Cvenebas, romelic

antioqiis patriarqs evstaTis _ èpisko-

poss~ uwodebs, rogorc zemoT moyvani-

li citatidanac Cans. cxadia, zogadi

TvalsazrisiT, patriarqica da mTavar-

episkoposic _ episkoposebi arian, amito-

mac mematianes sruli ufleba aqvs isini

episkoposebad moixsenios saWiroebis dros.

aqedan gamomdinare, mTlianad san-

doa wyaroTa dabejiTebuli Cveneba, rom

CvenSi kaTalikosobis dawesebamde iyo

ramdenime episkoposi, ganvixiloT erT-

erTi. magaliTad, mefe mirianma sikvdi-

lis win `davedra episkoposTa, raTa

adidon dideba mis adgilisa~ (igulisxme-

ba wm. ninos samarxi378).

k. kekeliZe miiCnevs, rom `saqme gva-

qvs cxad SecdomasTan, unda iyos ̀ episko-

posi~ da ara èpiskoposni~, rac Cans

zmnisagan ̀ davedra~ (da ara ̀ davedrna~)~.379

k. kekeliZe cdeba, radganac gvaqvs ara

erTi zmna `davedra~, aramed meorec,

romelic cxadad gadmocems mravlobiT

formas _ esaa àdidon ~ ( `davedra

episkoposTa, raTa adidon dideba mis

adgilisa~), maSasadame , aq saqme ara

gvaqvs SecdomasTan .

aseve TvalnaTelia meore magaliTic,

indoeTidan dabrunebul vaxtang mefes

jer kidev kaTalikosobis dawesebamde

Seegebnen qarTveli episkoposebi - `war-

movida vaxtang qarTlad da miegeba Ze

misi daCi da mis Tana yovelni spasala-

rni da maT Tana episkoposni~.380

k. kekeliZis azriT, iq igulisxmeba

qristian episkoposTan erTad an mazdeaneb-

is èpiskoposi~ an ufro sworad, ori

qristiani episkoposi, erTi eklesiis me-

Tauri, meore saxlis, karis episkoposi~.379

Cveni azriT ki aq igulisxmeba mTa-

varepiskoposi miqaeli sxva episkoposebTan

erTad, radganac gvaqvs sxva wyaroc,

romelSic miqaeli Tavis mravalricxo-

van episkoposebTan erTad aris moxse-

niebuli, esaa Txzuleba ùwyeba petros

mkawvrelisaTvis~, masSi naTqvamia, rom

petre fuloni patriarqi antioqiisa,

romelmac monofizitoba gaavrcela somx-

eTSi, saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan movida,

TavisTan miiwvia qarTlis mTavarepisko-

posi miqaeli, romelic marTlac mivida

petre fulonTan, qvemo qarTlis mxares,

adgil `kangarTan~, Tavis episkoposebT-

an erTad, romelTac Caqoles monofiz-

iti patriarqi petre fuloni. `Seracxa

maT simarTled kacis kvla igi~. kerZod,

wyaroSi naTqvamia _ `SeWura miqael

sulman wmidaman... warmovida mcxeTiT mis

queSeTa episkoposTa da mRudelTa Tana

377 iqve , gv. 329; 378 qarTlis cxovreba, t. 1, gv. 129; 379 k. kekeliZe, etiudebi, IV, 1957, gv. 330;380 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 196.


da erisa morwmunisa da moiwivnes quey-

anasa kangarisasa... maSin movida miqael

kaTalikozi da Tayuanisca winaSe saydrisa

mis petros mkawvralisasa... STamozidna

Zlierad da STamoiTria qveyanad, daakueTa

da dasca qviTa... maSin yovelTa misTa

dakribes mis zeda qua da esre dazvines

qviTa da mokles mgeli igi~.381

SesaZloa es wyaro, rogorc k. kekel-

iZe wers, marTlac mogvianebiT iyos SeT-

xz ul i, m ag ra m aq ed an m ai nc C an s

ZvelqarTuli saeklesio istoriografi-

is Tvalsazrisi, rom vaxtang gorgas-

lis droindeli mTavarepiskoposi miqae-

li iyo mravali mis ̀ queSe~ mdgomi episko-

posis meTauri, sayovelTao maTTvis, am-

itomac wyaro uwodebs kidec miqaels

`kaTalikozs~, rogorc amonaridi ci-

tatidan Cans.

ueWveli wyaroa agreTve vaxtang gor-

gaslis `cxovrebis~ cnoba, rom siWa-

bukisas vaxtangis mier mowveul TaT-

birze ori saepiskoposo taxti idga:

`mouwoda yovelTa warCinebulTa qarTli-

saTa, da Semokribna yovelni qalaqad da

ganmzada mefeman saxli erTi da dajda

saydarTa zeda maRalTa, xolo juanSer

spaspeti da ornive episkoposni dasxdes

saydarsve da sxvani yovelni erisTavni

dasxdes selebiTa, da aTasis-Tavni da

asis-Tavni da yovelni eri warmodges

ze~.382 k. kekeliZis azriT, am ori episko-

posidan erTia mTeli eklesiis meTauri,

meore _ saxlis, karis episkoposi~,38 3

Tumca SesaZleblad miiCnevs, rom es

meore aris mazdeanobis èpiskoposi~.

vaxtangis matianedan Cans, rom orive

episkoposi aris Tanabari Rirsebisa erT-

maneTis mimarT da, rac mTavaria, maTi

Rirseba gaTanabrebulia spaspetis pa-

tivTan, radganac mxolod es sami piri

dajda `saydarzed~, anu maRal skamebze,

r an giT maTze dab ali p ativ i aq vT

erisTavebs, romelnic selebze dasxes,

xolo àTasis-Tavebi~ da sxvani arc ki

dasxes, isini TaTbirs fexze mdgomni

unda daswrebodnen. yvelasaTvis cnobilia,

rom eklesiis meTauri episkoposi da

ueparqio _ karis episkopisi pativiTa

da RirsebiT Tanabarni ar arian, amito-

mac maT mefis win Tanabari pativiT ar

dasxamdnen sagangebo taxtebze, rogorc

Cven gamokvleuli gvaqvs, aq unda ig-

ulisxmebodes prosparsuli orientaci-

is samRvdeloebis (episkoposebis frTis)

meTauri da elinofiluri saepiskoposo

frTis meTauri ori episkoposi. radga-

nac saxelmwifosa da eklesiaSi orive

frTa Tanabrad iyo gaZlierebuli vax-

tangis siWabukisas, amitomac maT Tana-

bari pativi miages darbazobisas.384

wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mowmobiT,

kaTalikosobis daarsebamdec saqarTve-

los eklesiaSi arsebobda ramdenime epar-

qia, Sesabamisi saepiskoposo kaTedrebiT,

romelTa Soris pirvels _ mTavarepisko-

posis wodeba gaaCnda.

k. kekeliZis azriT, kaTalikosobis

dawe se b a v axtan g gorga slis m ier

gamowveuli unda yofiliyo ara avtoke-

faliis mopovebiT, aramed qarTuli ek-

lesiis _ viTarca erTi eparqiis mraval

eparqiebad dayofiT. Cveni azriT, kaTa-

likosis wodebis SemoRebiT vaxtang gor-

gasals surda miqael mTavarepiskoposis

saxelisuflebo Zalis damxoba. vaxtang-

ma, Cans, saeklesio reforma ganaxor-

ciela or etapad. pirvel etapze man

381 saqarTvelos samoTxe, gamomcemuli g. sabininis mier, 1882, gv. 632; 382 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv.147 ; 383 k. kekeliZe, etiudebi, IV, gv. 330; 384 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996,gv . 242-256.


daamarcxa prosparsuli orientaciis

episkopati da maTi meTauri binqarani,

proberZnuli orientaciis marTlmadide-

beli miqael episkoposis daxmarebiT, me-

ore etapze ki man daamarcxa miqael

mTavarepiskoposi _ masze rangiT meti

`petre kaTalikosis~ bizantiidan Semoy-

vaniT. kaTalikos petres miqaelTan Se-

darebiT mefe uwodebs _ ùmTavress~.

`gesma umTavresisa Senisa qarTlad moy-

vaneba... vercxlis moyvare xar Sen, rameTu

Senca megvadruce xar qristesi~, - ase

mimarTavs mefe miqaels.385

rogorc zemoTaa aRniSnuli, vaxtan-

gamde da mis saeklesio reformamde kavka-

siur qveynebSi sparseTis saxelmwifos

nebiT eklesiis xelSi moeqca saero xe-

lisuflebis didi nawili, amitomac,

rogorc iTqva, qarTuli eklesiis me-

Tauri glonoqori, qarTlisa da hereTis

erisTavi, e.i. saero uzenaesi xelisufa-

li iyo. somxuri wyaroebis Tanaxmad ki,

eklesiis xelSi moeqca saxelmwifo Se-

mosavlebis akrefis saqme. rogorc Cans,

miqael mTavarepiskopisis xelT iyo sax-

elmwifo gadasaxadebis mokrebis saqme,

rac Cans, qarTveli mefisaTvis, romel-

ic sparsuli xelisuflebisagan Tavis

daRwevas cdilobda , miuRebeli iyo.

swored amitom unda exmara mefes miqae-

lis mimarT sityvebi `megvadruce~ da

`vercxlismoyvare~. marTlac, Cveni macx-

ovris ieso qristes saZmoSi saerTo sal-

aro ebara iudas, igi iyo megvadruce.

mefis azriT, aseve megvadruce anu Tanx-

is, salaros mepatronea miqaelic _ àR-

egzen SuriT viTarca iuda petresiTa,

rameTu Sen xar viTarca iuda, xolo

eklesia _ viTarca petre~.386

bizantiasa da mTel maSindel msof-

lioSi, vaxtangis Tvalwin mimdinareob-

da sapatriarqoebis (samamamTavroebis)

warmoqmna _ mcire eklesiebis gaeTianeb-

is gziT. Cans, amis gaTvaliswinebiT da

msoflio eklesiaSi arsebuli situaci-

is gamoyenebiT vaxtangma Semoiyvana pe-

tre viTarca eklesiis `mamamTavari~

(rogorc `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~ uwodebs)

sayovelTao episkoposi axlad gaerTianeb-

uli da gamTlianebuli qveynis masSta-

biT, igi umTavresi unda yofiliyo

miq aelzec. amiT, Cans, mefes surda

SeezRuda, anda saerTod gaeuqmebina

sparselTa mier danergili wesi _ ek-

lesiis mier saero xelisuflebis mniS-

vnelovani nawilis gangebisa, rasac mi-

aRwia mefem. iqamde ki, reformis pirvel

etapze, rogorc iTqva, mefem daamarcxa

prosparsuli orientaciis episkopati,

swerda kidec amis Sesaxeb imperators

_ `macduri binqaran mivec sapyrobilesa

da sikvdilisagan gardaixvewa. man ukue

moiyvana sparsni qarTlad da davsvi

episkoposad miqael, kaci sarwmuno~.387

binqarani _ cxadia aris ara cecxl-

Tayvanismcemeli, aramed qristiani episko-

posi, romlis nacvlad mefem dasva episko-

posad miqaeli, rogorc es konteqstidan

Cans. binqaranis `cecxlTayvanismcemlo-

ba~ imiT gamoixateba, rom prosparsuli,

albaT siro-sparsuli saeklesio orien-

taciis episkoposia da SesaZloa qris-

tian-maniqevelTa frTasac ekuTvnoda.

mTlianad gasaTvaliswin ebelia k.

kekeliZis mosazreba, rom `kaTolikozis

tituli TavisTavad arc damoukideblo-

bis momaswavlebelia da arc damokide-

bulebisa~,388 rom ̀ kaTolikozobis SemoRe-

385 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 197; 386 iqve, gv. 197; 387 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv . 179; 388 k. kekeliZe,etiudebi, IV, gv. 337.


bas araviTari cvlileba ar mouxdenia

iberiis eklesiis Tavis ierarqiul-kanon-

ikur damokidebulebaSi da ase vTqvaT

saeklesiaTaSoriso mdgomareobaSi~.

k. kekeliZis azriT, qarTul ekle-

sias vaxtang gorgaslis dros avtoke-

falia ar moupovebia, amis damadasture-

beli araviTari cnoba ar arsebobs.

k. kekeliZis azriT, saqarTvelos ek-

lesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos

arasodes eqvemdebareboda, mis iuris-

diqciaSi ar yofila: `miuRebelia is

azri, viTomc iberebi konstantinopo-

lis eklesias daeqvemdebarnen, vinaidan

im dros, rodesac iberebma qristianoba

miiRes, konstantinopolis sapatriarqo

arc ki arsebobda, is isaxeba IV s-is

bolos, II msoflio krebis Semdeg, da

sabolood Camoyalibda V s-is bolos

IV msoflio krebaze, manamde ki kon-

stantinopolis episkoposi TviTon emor-

Cileboda herakliis mitropolits mcire

aziaSi~.389 es mosazreba misaRebia. Cvenc,

Cveni mxriv, mis gansamtkiceblad mov-

iyvaneT Cveni argumentebi.390

mTlianadaa gasaziarebeli k. kekel-

iZis meore mosazrebac, rom arc daarse-

bisas _ IV s-Si da arc Semdgom _ V-

VI ss-Si qarTuli eklesia ar yofila

antioqiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis

qveS. k. kekeliZe wers: èWvi araa, rom

VII s-mde iberiis eklesias uSualo

damokidebulebiTi kavSiri antioqiasTan

ar hqonia, arc erTi sando cnoba da

wyaro ar moipoveba iseTi, romelic adas-

turebdes aseT kavSirs. marTalia, ase-

Ti Tqmulebebi arsebobs, magaliTad,

evstaTi antioqielisa da vaxtang gor-

gaslis drois Sesaxeb, magram es aris

gamoZaxili mermindeli kavSirisa da ara

Tavdapirvelisa~.39 1

marTalac, dRemde arc erTi sando

cnoba anda wyaro antioqiis sapatri-

arqos iurisdiqciaSi qarTuli eklesiis

yofnis Sesaxeb aRmoCenili ar aris, am-

itomac mTlianad unda gaviziaroT jer

kidev XI s-Si giorgi mTawmidelis mier

gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom saqarTve-

los eklesia arasodes Sedioda antio-

qiisa da arc erTi sxva ucxo eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi, vinaidan Tavidanve avtoke-

faluri iyo, viTarca sxva mociqulTa

mier daarsebuli eklesiebi Zvel msof-

lioSi (ix. `Teoriebi qarTuli eklesiis

avtokefaliis Sesaxeb 392). es sakiTxi

gamowvlilviT gvaqvs gaanalizebuli amave

wignis paragrafSi _ àntioqiis II saek-

lesio kreba~, romelSic iseve, rogorc

paragrafSi àntioqiis I saeklesio kre-

ba~ araa gaziarebuli k. kekeliZisa da

sxv aTa mier gamoTq muli mosazreb a

TiTqosda VII s-is Semdeg qarTuli ek-

lesia Sevida antioqiis sapatriarqos

iurisdiqciaSi. rogorc v. goilaZem

gaarkvia, efrem mciresa, nikon SavmTelisa

da sxvaTa cnobebi, rom antioqiis pa-

triarqma Teofilaqtem VIII s-Si avtoke-

falia mianiWa ara mcxeTis sakaTaliko-

sos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos im

nawils, romelic VII s-is Semdeg Sevi-

da konstantinopolis sapatriarqos

iurisdiqciaSi, xolo konstantinopol-

Si xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo gamovida

am sapatriarqos iurisdiqciidan da Seec-

ada kanonikuri gziT moepovebina Tavisu-

fleba bizantiuri eklesiisagan, rasac

miaRwia kidec VIII s-Si antioqiis pa-

triarq Teofilaqtes mier. (es sakiTxi

389 iqve , gv. 346; 390 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, gv. 185-203; 391 k. kekeliZis,etiudebi, IV, gv. 347-349; 392 saq . sam. ek. ist., t. I, gv . 315-325.


ganxiluli gvaqvs paragrafSi àfxaze-

Tis sakaTalikosos daarseba~).393

k. kekeliZis azriT, qarTuli ekle-

sia daarsebisTanave , IV, V da VI ss-Si

- 300 wlis manZilze imyofeboda somx-

uri eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS. igi

wers: èWvmiutanelia isic, rom Tavda-

pirvelad, IV, V da VI ss-Si, iberias

somxebTan hqonda rogorc kulturuli,

ise ierarqiuli kavSiri, romelic Sewy-

da VII s-is damdegs~.394

am azrs ar eTanxmeba iv . javaxiS-

vili da sxva mecnierebi.395 (es sakiTxi

ganxiluli gvaqvs aqve paragrafSi `dvi-

nis saeklesio kreba~).

k. kekeliZis azriT, qarTulma ekle-

siam avtokefalia moipova XI s-Si, iqam-

de igi VII s-dan antioqiis sapatri-

arqos iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda, xolo

IV-V da VI ss-Si somxur eklesias eqvem-

debareboda rogorc kulturulad, ise

ierarqiulad. es Tvalsazrisi CvenTvis

miuRebelia, rac ganxilulia aqve, Sesa-

bamis krebaTa ganxilvis dros.

Cven gvainteresebs saeklesio samarT-

lis wyaroebi IV-V ss-Si. am dros qarTu-

li eklesiis samarTlis wyaros warmoad-

genda ucxo eklesia da misi dadgenile-

bebi, Tu adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba-

Ta gadawyvetilebani. k. kekeliZis mo-

sazrebiT: ìberiis eklesia maSin aR-

mocenda, rodesac msoflio eklesiis or-

ganizacia sabolood Camoyalibebuli ar

iyo, es IV krebaze moxda, maSin, IV s-

is naxevarSi mxolod safuZveli eyre-

boda am saqmes, amitom calkeuli saek-

lesio erTeulebi, ufro ki imperiis

gareSe, e.w. `barbarosTa~ Soris, ganagr-

Zobdnen arsebobas jer kidev `Zvelad

miRebul CveulebaTa~ mixedviT (III msof.

krebis me-2 kanoni). am ̀ CveulebaTa ZaliT,

rodesac erTi romelime eri meorisagan

qristianobas miiRebda, saeklesio-sarw-

munoebriv saqmeSi misi xelmZRvanelobis

qveS rCeboda, sanam TviT am erSi ar

Seiqmneboda iseTi pirobebi, romelnic

SesaZleblad gaxdidnen iq damoukidebel,

uzrunvel cxovrebas. ase unda momx-

dariyo ueWvelad iberiaSic. Cvens saist-

orio mwerlobaSi iberiis saeklesiaTa-

Soriso mdgomareobis Sesaxeb aseTi azria:

qristianobis miRebidanve iberiis ekle-

sia sxva eklesias daemorCila da Tanda-

Tan saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi is Tavisu-

flebas poulobda~.396

rogorc vxedavT, k. kekeliZis Tval-

sazrisiT, qarTuli eklesia ucxo ekle-

sias, somxurs, unda daqvemdebareboda

III msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis ZaliT,

romelSic naxsenebia winadadeba `Zvel

CveulebaTa mixedviT~, TiTqosda Zveli

Cveulebis Zala aseT daqvemdebarebas

moiTxovda. III msoflio krebis me-2 kan-

onSi msgavsi araferia naTqvami, aRniSnu-

li winadadeba Cven gvxvdeba II msoflio

krebis me-2 kanonSi. es kanoni brZanebs:

`warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tom-

Ta eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa mier

dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~.397

sinamdvileSi ra igulisxmeba `mama-

Ta mier dawesebul Zvel kanonebSi~ amis

gasarkvevad albaT gamodgeba II msof-

lio krebamde Catarebuli laodikiis

krebis 21-e kanoni, romelSic swored

aRniSnuli winadadeb aa naxsene bi: _

èpiskoposi erTi samwysodan nu gadava

sxva samwysoSi, nurc Tavisi nebiT, nurc

mrevlis iZulebiT, nurc episkoposTa

393 saq . sam. ek. ist. , t. II , gv. 89; 394 k. kekeliZe, etiudebi, IV, gv. 346-349; 395 saq . sam. ek. ist.,t. I , gv. 325-438; 396 k. kekeliZe, ertiudebi, IV, gv. 346; 397 `didi sjuliskanoni~, saqarTveloseklesiis kalendari, 1987 w., gv. 211.


nebiT, aramed darCes im eklesiaSi, romel-

Sic RvTis nebiT Tavidan iyo arCeuli

da nu Seicvlis adgils mamaTa mier adre

miRebuli dadgenilebisamebr~.397

`didi sjuliskanonis~ xelnawerSi,

laodikiis krebis 21-e kanonis qveS, gan-

martebulia Tu ra igulisxmeba `mamaTa

mier adre miRebul dadgenilebebSi~, ker-

Zod, xelnawerSi ganmartebulia _ mis

arSiazea minaweri: `nikeis me-16 kanons

gulisxmobs~.39 8

nikeis I msoflio krebis rogorc

me-15, ise me-16 kanoni sastikad krZa-

lavs erTi eparqiidan meoreSi sasuli-

ero piris, maT Soris episkoposis gag-

zavnas, kerZod, me-15 kanonSi naTqvamia:

`wmida krebas miaCnia, sruliad mois-

pos zog mxareSi damkvidrebuli ukanono

Cveuleba da qalaqidan qalaqSi ar gada-

diodes arc episkoposi, arc mRvdeli,

arc diakoni. Tu vinmem am didi krebis

dadgenilebis Semdeg xeli mihyos aseT

saqmes, sruliad daumtkicebeli iyos

mis mier mopovebuli da gadayenebul

iqnes, ginda episkoposad iyos xeldasxmu-

li da ginda mRdvlad~.399

am da sxva kanonebis ZaliT, Tuki

vTqvaT somexTa kaTalikosma IV s-Si

Tavisi diakoni akurTxa sxva, kerZod,

qarTuli eklesiis episkoposad, daur-

Rvevia nikeis krebis aRniSnuli kanonebi

da igi unda gadaeyenebinaT, maSasadame,

ìob somexi~, romelic odesRac diakvnad

yofila somxeTSi, saqarTveloSi somex-

Ta kaTalikoss ki ar dauyenebia episko-

posad, aramed es piri diakvnisave xarisx-

iT, Tavisi nebiT Camosula qarTlSi, aq

ki igi Tavisi piradi damsaxurebis gamo

qarTvel episkoposebs jer ukurTxebiaT

episkoposad, Semdeg ki eklesiis meTau-

radac dausvams adgilobriv saxelmwifo

xelisuflebas. swored ase unda ganvix-

iloT nikeis krebis aRniSnuli kanoni,

sxvagvar qmedebas kreba krZalavs. TiTq-

mis igivea me-16 kanonic: `..Tu vinmem

sxvisi moyvasis gadmobireba da Tavis

eklesiaSi xeldasxma gabedos im episko-

posis Tanxmobis gareSe, romlisganac

kanonis mier ganCinebuli piri wamosulia,

daumtkicebeli iyos misi xeldasxma~.400

a m kanon is Z aliT , iob diakons

saqarTveloSi mosvlis dros Tan unda

hqonoda somexi kaTalikosis Tanxmoba,

misi sxva eparqiaSi wasvlis nebarTva.

es cxadia ar niSnavs, rom iobi Semdeg-

Sic somexTa kaTalikoss eqvemdebarebo-

da. safiqrebelia, rom saqarTvelos ek-

lesias episkoposTa kreba warmarTavda,

eklesiis meTauris, anu mTavarepiskopo-

sis meTaurobiT, rogorc amas moiTxov-

da nikeis krebis me-4 kanoni. episkopos-

Ta krebis gareSe (e .i. Tuki eklesiaSi

ar iyo ramdenime episkoposi) aseTi ek-

lesia arc ki CaiTvleba eklesiad, anu

`saeklesio samTavrod~ _ èpiskoposi

unda daadginos samTavros yvela episko-

posma~ (me-4 kanoni), anda `TiToeul

samTavroSi weliwadSi orjer Catardes

episkoposTa kreba, rom mTeli samTavros

episkoposTa saerTo Sekrebaze aseTi sa-

davo saqme ganxilul iqnes~ (me-5 kano-

ni); Tuki qarTul eklesiaSi mxolod erTi

episkoposi iyo, rogorc k. kekeliZe wers,

maSin igi arc ki yofila organizaciu-

lad Camoyalibebuli da mxolod sxva

eklesiis nawili yofila, radganac ek-

lesiis arsebobas mxolod episkoposTa

kreba ganapirobebda.

398 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987 w., gv. 202; 399 iqve, gv. 202, SeniSvn a; 400 `didisjuliskanoni~, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 181.


`mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanon-

ebi~, rogorc iTqva, naxsenebia II msof-

lio krebis me-2 kanonSi, romelic mtki-

ced icavs eklesiaTa TavisTavadoba-av-

tokefalias: ̀ ...TiToeul samTavros (epar-

qias) ganagebs amave samTavros kreba ni-

keaSi gansazRvruli kanonis Tanaxmad,

xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo

tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa

mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixed-

viT~.401 rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, imave

kanonSi naTqvamia _ èklesiaTa keTilad

ganmartebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arc erT

episkoposs ara aqvs ufleba gascdes Tavis

eklesiis sazRvrebs da SeiWras sxva ek-

lesiis sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos

eklesiebis aRreva. kanonTa Tanaxmad

aleqsandriis episkoposi unda ganageb-

des mxolod egviptis eklesiebs, aRmo-

savleTis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen

mxolod aRmosavleTis eklesiebs. dacu-

li unda iyos nikeis kanonebiT dawese-

buli pativi antioqiis eklesiisa. aziis

soflebis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen

mxolod aziis eklesiebs, pontoeli

episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod

pontos eklesiebs, xolo Trakiis episko-

posni _ mxolod Trakiis eklesiebs. episko-

posi ar unda gavides Tavisi samrevlo

eklesiis farglebidan xeldasxmisaTvis

an sxva raime saeklesio gangebisaTvis

mowodebisagan an miwvevis gareSe~.402

aq sruliad gasagebadaa naTqvami, rom

saqarTvelos mezoblad avtokefaluri iyo

pontos, Trakiis, àsiis~, àRmosavle-

Tis~ eklesiebi, Tu aRaras vityviT, an-

tioqiisa da aleqsandriis eklesiebze.

II msoflio krebis droisaTvis da mis

Semdegac, IV s-sa da V s-is dasawyisSi,

imperiaSi mravali avtokefaluri ekle-

sia arsebobda, rogorc cnobili kanon-

istebi s. troicki da a. kartaSevi gan-

martaven. amitomac, rogorc zemoT moy-

vanili kanonebic uCveneben, swored is

iyo akrZaluli, rac k. kekeliZis si-

tyviT TiTqosda CvenSi iyo damkvidrebu-

li: viTomda erTi ucxo eklesia ganagebda

meores da es ukanaskneli ki Tavs ver

ixsnida. IV s-Si aseTi urTierTdamok-

ide buleba akrZaluli iyo. mxolod

Semdgom, rogorc ganmartavs a. kartaSevi,

kerZod, ki V s-is Semdeg, did sapatri-

arqoTa Camoyalibebis kvaldakval impe-

riaSi iqamde arsebuli 100-ze meti av-

tokefaluri eklesiis gaerTianebis Sed-

egad imperiaSi Camoyalibda 6 avtoke-

faluri eklesia _ konstantinopolis,

aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis,

romisa da kviprosisa.403

radganac IV-V ss-Si imperiaSi arse-

bobda mravali avtokefaluri eklesia,

romelTa avtokefaliasac icavda saek-

lesio kanonebi, saqarTvelos eklesiac

ar unda yofiliyo gamonaklisi da igi

iseTive uflebebis matarebeli unda yo-

filiyo, rogorc sxva mociqulTa mier

daarsebuli eklesiebi qristianul msof-

lioSi, rogorc amas miuTiTebs wm. giorgi

mTawmideli. amitomac saeklesio samarT-

lis wyaros adgilobrivi saeklesio ier-

arqia da saxelmwifo xelisufleba war-

moadgenda da, Sesabamisad, misi samarT-

lis wyaro ar yofila konstantinopole-

li an antioqieli ierarqebis dadgenile-

bani, igi imarTeboda msoflio eklesia-

Si imJamad arsebuli kanonebis mixedviT.

401 `didi sjuliskanoni~, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 211; 402 iqve , gv. 210; 403

`qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb~, saq. samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, gv . 185-203.


VI s-Si udidesi mniSvnelobis gar-

datexa moxda saqarTvelos politikur

da saeklesio cxovrebaSi, kerZod, da-

sustda da TandaTanoboT gauqmda erovnu-

li saxelmwifoebriob a, saqarTvelo

sparseTis da bizantiis xeldebul ter-

itoriebad gadaiqca. farnavazian-xos-

roianTa aTaswlovani qarTuli samefo

dinastia sparselTa mier idevneboda. VII

s-Si es dinastia kvlav idevneboda ukve

arabTa mier. qarTuli saxelmwifoebri-

oba sabolood moiSala. centraluri xe-

lisufleba Zalze dasustda, moiSala

saero-admin istraciuli mmarTveloba

kuTxeebSic. gaCnda xelisuflebis defi-

citi, ramac cxadia samarTlebriv qaos-

sa da ganukiTxaobas Seuwyo xeli. am

dros, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT,

qarTulma eklesiam miiRo axali fun-

qciebi. igi Seecada wesierebis, sa-

marTlisa da wesrigis kerad gadaq-

ceuliyo adgilebze, calkeul saepisko-

posoebsa da mxareebSi. VIII-IX ss-Si

qarTuli eklesiis saero sammarTvelo

Tvisebebi gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa.


dvinis krebidan ruis-urbnisis krebamde (VI-XI ss.)

amis Sedegia is uCveulo samarT-

lebrivi Tvisebebi, romlebic daaxasiaTa

iv . javaxiSvilma: `saqarTvelos ekle-

sias saxelmwifo cxovrebasa da wes-wy-

obilebaSi gansakuTrebuli upirateso-

bani hqonda mopovebuli, msgavsad romis

eklesiisa. amiT igi ara mxolod saekle-

sio dawesebuleba iyo, aramed saxelm-

wifoebrivi sxeulisa da saxelmwifoe-

brivi erTeulis Tvisebebis mqone. Cveni

eklesiis aRniSnul ufleba-upirateso-

baTa Sesaxeb cnobebis miReba mxolod

sigel-gujrebidan SeiZleba. am sabuTeb-

Si mravali cnoba exeba saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis kaTalikos-patriarqis centraluri

sammarTvelos organizacias~.404

iv. javaxiSvilis sityviT, saqarTve-

los eklesias Tavisi marTva-gamgeoba mow-

yobili hqonda `saxelmwifo marTva-gam-

geobis wesebze~. qarTul eklesias hqon-

da Tavisi sasamarTlo, Tavisi ekonomikuri

politika, hyavda sakuTari jari da Tavisi

ymebi, amasTanave, moepoveboda saxelmwifo

marTva-gamgeobis wesebze mowyobili mox-

eleoba, amitom bevris mxriv saxelmwi-

foebrivi sxeulis Tvisebebi etyoboda.405

404 iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. VI, gv. 67; 405 iqve, gv. 37.


mecnieris sityviT, qarTuli saekle-

sio samarTali warmonaSobia qarTuli

eklesiis, viTarca saxelmwifoebrivi sxe-

ulis yofa-cxovrebidan, am mxriv, qarTu-

li saeklesio samarTali ufro miagavs

romis eklesiis `Corpus turis caninici~-s,

vidre berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio sa-

marTals, aseve, msgavsad amisa, qarTu-

li eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebis bevri

TvisebiT ufro romis saSualo sauku-

neebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmor-

wmune berZenTa da rusTa eklesiebs.406

qarTuli saeklesio samarTali maSin

daemgvana dasavlurs, roca romis ekle-

sia marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobisa

iyo - VII-X ss-Si. kidev erTxel gada-

vxedoT, Tu rogori politikuri viTareba

iyo saqarTveloSi VII-X ss-Si. am dros

saqarTvelo viTarca erTiani qveyana ar

arsebobda, igi daSlili iyo terito-

riebad, calkeul kuTxeebad, romlebSic,

mxolod VIII-IX ss-Si daiwyo formire-

ba kuTxurma qarTulma saxelmwifoebrivma

erTeulebma _ afxazTa, qarTvelTa, kax-

Ta da herTa samefoebis saxiT, poli-

tikur-administraciuli centri Tbili-

si - arabTa saamiros dedaqalaqad iyo

gadaqceuli, qvemo qarTlSi monofizituri

somxuri eklesiis gabatonebis Sedegad

– e.w. `somexTa samefo~ (taSir Zorake-

tisa) Camoyalibda. axalCamoyalibebul

qarTul saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebze

Tavisi didi samarTlebrivi gavlena moi-

pova qarTulma eklesiam. amis erT-erT

mkafio magaliTad, romelsac qvemoT Sevex-

ebiT, migvaCnia qorepiskoposTa saekle-

sio institutis mier kaxeT-hereTis same-

fos formirebaSi gaweuli udidesi Rvaw-

li, agreTve serapion zarzmelis cxov-

rebaSi moxmobili faqti imisa, rom sam-

cxis episkoposma giorgim daawynara Tavis

eparqia _ samTavroSi didebulTa Soris

atexili mravalwliani dava, samarT-

lebrivi sasjeli daado didebulebs (TviT

mamulebis CamorTmeviTac ki) da uwes-

rigobasa da qaosSi Caflul mosaxle-

obaSi daamyara wesrigi _ `dascxres,

dadumnes SfoTni da uwesrigobani~. im-

Jamindel zogierT marTlmadidebel qvey-

anaSic aseve moipova eklesiam uzenaesi

samarTlebrivi funqcia, kerZod, rogorc

v. cipini wers – `Sua saukuneebSi evro-

pul dasavleTSi kaTolikuri eklesiis

wiaRSi, nawilobriv netari avgustines

Txzulebis `saRmrTo qalaqis~ gavleni-

Tac òri maxvilis~ doqtrina Seiqmna,

romlis mixedviTac orive xelisufleba

_ saeklesioc da saxelmwifoc, erTi

uSualod, meore ki SuamavlobiT, romis

eklesiidan momdinareobs. Sua saukunee-

bis saero xelmwifeni papis vasalebad

iTvlebodnen . papebi TavianT Tavs ara

mxolod imperatorebisa da mefeebis

kurTxevis, aramed maTi taxtidan Camogde-

bis uflebasac ki aZlevdnen. kaTolikuri

doqtrinis ganviTarebam papebis saero

principatisa da maTi saeklesio da saero

xelisuflebis absoluturobis Sesaxeb

xeli Seuwyo im garemoebas, rom Sua

saukuneebis dasavleTis pirveli impera-

tori karlos didi, bizantieli basi-

levsebisagan gansxvavebiT, romaeli im-

peratorebis pirdapiri memkvidre ar iyo,

saimperatoro gvirgvini papma daadga ra,

misi saxiT, rogorc mraval `barbaros~

mefeTagan erT-erTs, romis imperatoris

tituli mianiW a. saero xelmwifeTa

winaaRmdeg brZolebSi papebis mZlavri

iaraRi interdati iyo, romelic ama Tu

im qveyanaSi RvTismsaxurebis Sesrule-

406 iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. VI, gv. 36.


bas manamde krZalavda, sanam qveSevr-

domebi papis mier gankveTil TavianT

monarqs ar Camoagdebdnen, magram Tavi-

anTi prioritetis dasacavad papebi da

kaTolike episkoposebi SeiaraRebuli Za-

lis gamoyenebasac mimarTavdnen, Sede-

gad kaTolikuri eklesiis etatizireba

moxda, papebi sruluflebiani monarqebi

iyvnen italiis mniSvnelovani nawilis,

e.w. papis olqisa, romlis naSTsac Tan-

amedrove vatikani warmoadgens. mravali

episkoposi (gansakuTrebiT, germaniaSi)

Tavadi iyo, romelTac TavianT terito-

riaze xelisuflebasa da jarze saxelm-

wifoebrivi iurisdiqcia hqondaT brZoleb-

Si sxva e piskoposebis, hercoge bis,

markgrafebis, damoukidebeli qalaqebis,

mefeebis da TviT imperatorebis winaaRm-

degac ki winamZRolebad gamodiodnen~.407

saqarTvelos eklesia, rogorc aRin-

iSna, VI-X ss-Si, imyofeboda gansakuTre-

bul pirobebSi. VI s-is Semdeg, moryeu-

li saxelmwifoebriobis dros, maSin,

roca kanonierebis da marTlwesrigis

damcvels saxelmwifo aRar warmoadgen-

da, xolo, Semoseuli mteri ver am-

yarebda wesrigs, piriqiT, iwvevda sa-

marTlebriv qaoss, kuTxeebsa da olqeb-

Si saero didkacebi araTu icavdnen sa-

marTalsa da kanonierebas, aramed erT-

maneTs samkvdro-sasicocxlod ebrZod-

nen. amis gamo, rogorc Cveni samarTalm-

codneebi weren, sazogadod mTel qveya-

naSi, kerZod ki tao-klarjeTis `samTav-

roSi sasuliero xelisufleba didi av-

toritetiT sargeblobda da did Zalas

warmoadgenda qveynis cxovrebaSi. am

dros, sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobs

kidec upiratesobis mopovebas saeroze~.

m. lorTqifaniZis azriT, ara mxolod

tao-klarjeTSi, aramed mTel qveyanaSi

(saqarTveloSi) - èklesia did Zalad

iqceva, is, saerTod, qveynis mmarTvelo-

bis xelSi Cagdebas lamobs. Widili saek-

lesio da saero-samoqalaqo xelisufle-

bas Soris, sabolood ukanasknelis gam-

arjvebiT mTavrdeba~.408 afxazTa same-

foSic eklesias didi Zala unda hqono-

da mopovebuli. araa SemTxveviTi, rom

konstantinopolis patriarqma nikoloz

mistikosma werilobiT sTxova giorgi

mefes daecva bizantielebTan megobro-

bis siwmide.409

ivane javaxiSvili `bagrat kurapa-

latis samarTlis wignis~ ganxilvis dros

aRniSnavs, rom bagratis samarTlidan

aRbuRas kanonebSi Setanili aris zogi-

erTi muxli. magaliTad, `meore mefe

episkoposi aris da qristianTa sjulisa

damamtkicebeli~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Tx-

zulebani 12 tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv.

88). am muxlebis ZiriTadi nawili ume-

fobis dros, kerZod, VII-IX ss-Sia Sedge-

nili. àm muxlebSi episkoposi da, sa-

zogadod, samRvdeloeba srul batonadaa

gamoyvanili, maT winaaRmdeg mefe uZlu-

ria, araferi SeuZlia, amitom samive es

muxli (101, 102, 103-e aRbuRas samar-

Tlisa) iseT xanas unda ekuTvnodes, roca

samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi sruli ba-

toni iyo da saero mTavrobaze maRla

eWira Tavi, ese igi daviT aRmaSeneblis

uwinaresi xanisa unda iyos. swored am

dros iyvnen monazvnebi batonad da mTavris

mowvevis baraTze pasuxad SeeZloT SeeTv-

alaT, bers SenTan àra hnebavs mosv-

lao~... am dros beri-arqimandriti imde-

nad Zlieri iyo, rom Tavisuflad mefes

satrfos arTmevda, monasterSi hketav-

da, aseT xanaSi daadgendnen: `rac unda

407 v. cipini, saeklesio samarTali, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1999, gv. 149; 408 narkv., II,1973, gv. 448; 409 iqve, gv. 435.


Sescodos episkoposma, moZRvarma, mRvdel-

ma Tu monazonma mefeso, mainc xeli ar

axloTo, imitom rom meore mefe episko-

posi aris, arca mefesa sjulisa saqme

aqvso~.410 iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, aRniS-

nuli kanonebi ùfro IX s-is sazoga-

doebrivi azris gamomxatvelia. kanonTa

es muxlebi TiTqos ufro bagrat I kura-

palatis droindeli gamodis~.411

`n. maris azriT, bizantiaSi xatme-

brZolobis epoqaSi èrT mxares idgnen

umaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episko-

posebi, romelnic imis momxreni iyvnen,

rom imperators Tvalyuri edevnebina ek-

lesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi

saqmianoba, xolo meore mxares idgnen

berebi... isini im mosazrebiT xelmZRv-

anelobdnen, rom saero xelisufleba ar

unda ereodes sasuliero wodebis saqme-

Si. es mimarTuleba damarcxda bizantia-

Si. saqarTveloSi, mesxeTSi ki, piriqiT,

n. maris azriT, gaimarjva meore mima-

rTulebam. aq, eklesiis meTaurebi `Zli-

er Zalad grZnoben Tavs da eklesiis

damoukideblobas saero xelisuflebisa-

gan gaSmagebiT icavdnen~.412

g. nadareiSvilis azriT, maSindel

mesxeTSi sasuliero pirebi, gansakuTre-

biT, berebi, did Zalas warmoadgendnen,

arcTu iSviaTad, isini Tavis damoukide-

blobas saero xelisuflebis winaSe war-

matebiT usvamdnen xazs. giorgi merCules

moTxrobili aqvs, Tu rogor SeZlo

klarjeTis udab noTa arqimandritma

grigol xanZTelma guaram mamfalis sur-

vilis winaaRmdeg arsenis kaTalikosad

datoveba. saba iSxneli bagrat kurapa-

latis mier weriliT dabarebuli, urCo-

bas iCens da ar cxaddeba mis winaSe...

sasuliero pirebi, araiSviaTad, saekle-

sio xelisuflebis saxelmwifo xelisu-

flebis winaSe upiratesobasac ki usvam-

dnen xazs. isini TiTqos Teoriuladac

asabuTebdnen samRvdeloebis upirateso-

bas, saero mTavrobasTan SedarebiT~.412

n. mari werda: `Zvel saqarTveloSi

saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis er-

Toba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~.413 ek-

lesiis xelSi saero da sasuliero Za-

lauflebis Tavmoyris tradiciul gad-

monaSTad n. mars miaCnda Wyondidel-

mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdeboba. moZR-

varTa instituts iseTive didi mniSvnelo-

ba hqonda saqarTveloSi, rogoric vard-

apets somxeTSi.

gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans eklesiis

avtoriteti da Zala kaxeTis samTavros

(samefos) Camoyalibebis saqmeSi. am dros

eklesia faqtobrivad marTavda kaxeTs

qorepiskoposis institutis meSveobiT.

`kaxeTis saeklesio ierarqiaSi arsebobs

qorepiskoposis Tanamdeboba. qorepisko-

posi Tavis Tavdapirveli SinaarsiT sof-

luri dasaxlebis, mxaris episkoposis

xelisuflebis gamtareblad gamodis, wa-

narTa qorepiskoposma Cans, TandaTan, feo-

dalizaciis procesis Sesabamisad mii-

taca saero xelisufleba, saero da sa-

suliero xelisuflebis erTi piris xe-

lSi gaerTianebis aseTi tradicia ucxo

ar aris saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosax-

leobisaTvis. niSandoblivia, rom es ten-

dencia xevis mosaxleobasac axasiaTebs,

rac amjerad gansakuTrebiT saintere-

soa, radgan wanarTa Tavdapirveli sacx-

ovrisi, rogorc cnobilia, swored am

raionSia sagulvebeli. wanarTa poli-

tikur eqspansias wanarTa qorepiskopo-

410 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 89; 411 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 90; 412 g. n adareiSvili,niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis sakiTxebi, 1989, gv. 17; 413 iqve, gv. 92.


sis kaxeTis mmarTvel qorepiskoposad

transformacia mohyva Sedegad~.414 sa-

suliero xelisufali qorepiskoposi

kaxeTSi gadaiqca uvrcelesi samefos

(samTavros) – saero mmarTvel uzenaes

xelisuflad. Tumca, ukve IX s-saTvis,

rogorc fiqroben, mas daukargavs sa-

suliero funqcia da mxolod saero

darCenia. sasuliero xelisufali _ kax-

eTis saero mTavrad gadaiqca.415

msgavseba, romelic ivane javaxiS-

vilma SeniSna, dasavlur (evropul) da

qarTul eklesiaTa Soris am mxriv sax-

ezea, magram aqve isic unda aRiniSnos,

rom swored aRniSnul epoqaSi, anu VII-

VIII ss-Si bizantieli imperatorebi da,

maSasadame , saero xelisufleba mwvale-

blebi (ZiriTadad xatmebrZolebi) iyvnen,

devnidnen marTlmadidebel eklesias, am-

itomac bizantiaSi eklesia araTu saero

xelisuflebis SeTvisebis, piriqiT, dev-

nis procesSi iyo. misi eklesiuri xe-

lisuflebac ki dasustebuli iyo. piri-

qiT, saimperatoro xelisufleba cdi-

lobda sasulieros miTvisebasa da masze

gabatonebas.

bizantiuri azrovnebis Tanaxmad, maTi

qveyana warmoadgenda imave romis impe-

rias, xolo bizantieli imperatorebi

Zveli romaeli imperatorebis pirdapir

memkvidreebs, aqedan gamomdinare, maT

hqondaT uzenaesi uflebebi rogorc

saero, ise sasuliero xelisuflebis

mimarT, da hqondaT Sesabamisi titula-

turac. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSic

Seiqmna doqtrina, romlis mixedviTac

axali qarTuli samefo dinastia bagra-

tionebisa (aRzevebuli Cans qarTuli

eklesiis xelSewyobiT) miiCneoda davi-

Tis (israelis cxebuli mefis) memkvi-

dred. qarTuli eklesiis udidesi moZR-

vari grigol xanZTeli ase mimarTavs am

d in ast ii s f uZ e md e b els - `da v iT

winaswarmetyvelisa da uflisa mier cx-

ebulisa Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo,

mefoba da saTnoebanica misi dagimkvi-

dren qristeman RmerTman, romlisaTvis-

ca amas mogaxseneb, ara moakldes mTavro-

ba SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa maTTa

qveyanaTa amaT ukunisamde JamTa, aramed

iyvnen igini mtkiced ufroYs kldeTa

myarTa da mTaTa saukuneTa da didebul

iyvnen ukunisamde~.416 am formuliT bagra-

tionma mefeebma (IX s-Si) Tavisi adgili

moipoves saeklesio samarTlis sferoSi.

qarTvel bagrationTa `qristes naTe-

saobisa~ da `daviTis Zeobis~ Sesaxeb

icodnen bizantiaSic, rogorc iuwyeba

konstantine porfirogeneti.

qarTuli doqtrinis Sesabamisad, sax-

elmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebis wya-

ro ufalia, bagrationebi uflis cxebu-

lis Svilad wodebulebi arian, eklesi-

is Tavi ki ufalia. eklesia misi qveyni-

uri nawilia, aqedanaa qarTuli simfo-

nia saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris.

eklesia da saero xelisufleba saqar-

TveloSi simfoniur kavSirSi iyvnen .

saqarTvelos eklesia iyo damoukidebe-

li, avtokefaluri, mas ar hyavda e.w.

kiriarqaluri eklesia, anu eklesia, ro-

melsac igi emorCileboda, aqedan gamom-

dinare, misTvis ar idga saWiroeba rome-

lime ucxo eklesiis patriarqs, krebaTa

dadgenilebas Tu sinods damorCilebo-

da, aResrulebina maTi dadgenilebani,

Tumca ki, cxadia saqarTvelos eklesia

xelmZRvanelobda imave sjuliskanoniT,

romliTac marTlmadidebluri bizanti-

uri eklesiebi. saqarTvelos eklesiis

414 nark. II, gv. 390; 415 iqve , gv. 395; 416 qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 110.


saeklesio kanonikuri samarTlis wyaros

warmoadgenda sakuTari eklesiis kreba-

Ta da mis meTaurTa dadgenilebani.417

cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesias arc

erTi ucxo patriarqi da arc bizanti-

is imp eratori ugzavn ida sagan ge bo

sigelebs, mimarTuls qarTuli saekle-

sio sakiTxebisadmi.

ruis-urbnisis krebamde da mis Semdgo-

mac qarTuli eklesiis saeklesio samarT-

lis wyaros warmoadgenda saqarTvelos

saeklesio krebebi da sxva adgilobrivi

wyaroebi, dadgenilebani. amis dasturi

aris javaxeTSi mowveuli saeklesio kreba,

romelmac sruliad damoukideblad gada-

wyvita Cveni eklesiis iseTi mniSvnelo-

vani saeklesio-kanonikuri sakiTxi, rogor-

icaa misi meTauris – kaTalikosis gamorCe-

va da misi aRsaydreba.

rogorc cnobilia, bizantiis imperi-

aSi, bizantiuri samarTlebrivi Tval-

sazrisis Sesabamisad, imperatorTa Za-

laufleba vrceldeboda yvela marTlma-

didebel xalxze, miT umetes TviTon

bizantiur eklesiebze.418 saqarTveloSi

am bizantiur Tvalsazriss ar aRiarebd-

nen, marTalia, did pativs miagebdnen

bizantiis imperators, magram saqarTvelo-

Si msgavsi uflebebi eniWeboda saqarTve-

los mefesa da darbazis kars, romelic

(es ukanaskneli) scemda kidec, mematian-

eTa sityviT, eklesiaTa mimarT Sesabamis

wesebs (es sakiTxi Semdgom paragrafSia

ganxiluli) . saWiroebis SemTxve vaSi

qarTuli eklesia did winaaRmdegobas uw-

evda bizantiel imperatorebs. magali-

Tad, roca bizantiis imperatori basili

II bulgarTmmusvreli Semovida saqarTve-

loSi bizantiuri TvalsazrisiT samarT-

lebrivi saqmis – daviT kurapalatis

anderZis aRsasruleblad, rasac mohyva

bizantielTa mier samxreT saqarTvelos

okupacia, qarTulma eklesiam udidesi

winaaRmdegoba (Zalismieri – samxedro)

gauwia momxvdurebs da imperatoris

winaaRmdeg samamulo oms Caudga saTa-

veSi, kerZod, qarTveli episkoposebi: saba

mtbevari da ezra anCeli. es ise mou-

lodneli iyo, rom bizantiis umaRlesi

wreebi (rogorc saero, ise sasuliero)

qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg ganewyvnen

imdenad, rom qarTvelTa `marTlmadide-

blobaSic~ ki eWvi Seitanes, bizantiaSi

mcxovrebi qarTveli moqalaqeebisa da

gansakuTrebiT ki bizantiaSi arsebuli

qarTuli monastrebis berebis ukidure-

si devna daiwyes (aTonis iverTa monas-

terSi, antioqiasa da sxvagan).419

amJamindel saeklesio samarTalSi ar-

sebobs orgvari Sefaseba TviTmpyrobeli

imperatoris rolisa. pirveli _ amJamad

ufro aRiarebuli Tvalsazrisis Tanax-

mad, imperatorebis (ruseTSi mefeebis)

mier eklesiis meTauroba, Tuki aseTi

gamonaklisi arsebobda, miiCneva e.w. ̀ ceza-

ro-papizmad~ da miuReblad. meore Tval-

sazriss aviTarebdnen revoluciamdeli

rusi samarTalmcodneebi (amJamad ki Zir-

Tadad `sazRvargareTis rusuli eklesi-

is~ Teologebi), romlis mixedviTac bi-

zantiel da maT `memkvidre~ rus imper-

atorebs ekisrebodaT udidesi zedamdgo-

mlobiTi uflebebi eklesiis mimarT.

bizantieli kanonistebi monarqis sa-

kanonmdeblo uflebas Zalze afarToebd-

nen. oxrideli arqiepiskoposi dimitri

xomatini (XIII s.) werda _ ìmperatori,

romelic iwodeba da aris saeklesio

417 Â. Öûïèí, Öåðêîâíîå Ïðàâî, 1994, ñ. 99; 418 Â. Öûïèí, Öåðêîâíîå ïðàâî, ñ. 105; 419 saqarTvelossamociqulo eklesiis istoria, II, 1998, gv . 177-194.


wesrigis umaRlesi mcveli, saeklesio

krebaTa dadgenilebebze ufro maRla dgas,

da aZlevs maT Zalasa da amoqmedebis

unars. igia winamZRoli saeklesio ier-

arqiisa, kanonmdebeli samRvdeloTa qceve-

bisa, mas ufleba aqvs gadawyvitos mit-

ropolitTa, episkoposTa da samRvdelo-

Ta Soris arsebuli kamaTi, da agreTve

vakantur saepiskoposo adgilebze daniS-

nos. SeuZlia saepiskoposo kaTedrebis

amaRleba, aiyvanos episkoposebi mitro-

politTa doneze. erTi sityviT, liturgiisa

da xeldasxmis uflebaTa garda, impera-

tori Tavis TavSi aerTianebs episkoposTa

yvela sxva upiratesobas, amitomac mis

dadgenilebebs kanonis Zala aqvT~.420

balsamoni aseve aRiarebda impera-

toris did uflebebs saeklesio saqmeTa

mimarT: ìmperatorebi, rogorc patri-

arqebi, pativcemuli unda iqnen wmida

mironiT cxebis gamo. aqedan gamomdinar-

eobs ufleba imperatorebisa, aswavlon

qristian xalxs da mRvdelmTavarTa msgavsad

akmion eklesiaSi... imperatorTa Zala da

qmedeba vrceldeba qveSevrdomTa suleb-

sa da sxeulebze, maSin, roca patriar-

qi mxolod sulieri meTauria~.421

Tu balsamonis am azrs SevadarebT

gan saxilveli epoqis moRvawe wmida

grigol xanZTelis wiaRidan gamosuli

episkoposebis Tvalsazriss samefo xe-

lisuflebis Sesaxeb, arsebiT sxvaobas

davinaxavT: VIII s-is meore naxevarsa

da IX s-is dasawyisSi iSxneli episko-

posi bagrat kurapalats uSiSrad eub-

neba: `didebulo mefeo, Sen qveyanisa

xelmwife xar, xolo qriste zecisa da

qveynisa da qvesknelTa. Sen naTesavTa

amaT mefe xar, xolo qriste yovelTa

dabadebulTa. Sen warmavalTa amaT Jam-

Ta mefe xar, xolo qriste saukuno meufe

da sruli hgies ucvalebeli, uJamo, dau-

sabamo, dausrulebeli meufe angelozTa

da kacTa da ufrois Sensa jer ars

smena sityvaTa misTa!~422

kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT, balsamoni

saero xelmwifis (imperatoris) Sesaxeb

werda: ìmperatoris Zala da qmedeba

vrceldeba qveSevrdomTa sulebsa da sxe-

ulebze, maSin roca patriarqi mxolod

sulieri meTauria~, qarTveli saba iSxne-

li episkoposis TvalsazrisiT, piriqiT –

xelmwife mxolod qveyniuri mefea, ma-

gram WeSmariti mefea qriste (e.i. misgan

saeklesio xelisufleba), romelic sulis

da xorcis (angelozTa da kacTa) meufea.

aqedan Cans, rom qarTuli saeklesio

samarTali memkvidrea pirvelqristianu-

li samociqulo eklesiis samarTlisa da

amitomac, ramdenadme TavisTavadia bi-

zantiuris mimarT. aq, albaT, gasaTval-

iswinebelia bizantiuri saxelmwifos

damokidebuleba eklesiis mimarT gansax-

ilvel xanaSi, kerZod, VIII-IX ss-Si. am

dros, rogorc cnobilia, bizantiuri ek-

lesia dasustebuli iyo, imperatorebi

ZiriTadad xatmebrZolebi iyvnen da

SeuzRudavad cdilobdnen sae klesio

saqmeTa marTvas, maSin, roca qarTuli

eklesia SedarebiT gaZlierebuli iyo

arabTa mier qarTuli saxelmwifoebrio-

bis moSla-dasustebis gamo. xatTayvan-

ismcemluri qarTuli eklesia qveynis

qristiani mosaxleobisaTvis marTlwes-

rigisa da samarTlis kerad iqca. qarTu-

li eklesiis xelSi im droisaTvis Tavs

iyrida ara mxolod sasuliero, aramed

nawilobriv saero xelisuflebac, ramac

420 Ñ. Òðîéöêèè, Öåðêîâíîå ïðàâî, ìàøèíîïèñü, Áèáëèîòåêà ÌÄÀ, ñ. 47-48, wignidan Â. Öûïèí, Öåðêîâíîåïðàâî, ñ. 35. Sdr.: saxelmwifoebrivi katexizmo, Tb. , 1999, gv. 17; 421 s. troickis dasax. naSr., gv.47-48; 422 cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa, qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 119.


asaxva pova qarTuli saeklesio samarT-

lis Zeglebzec gansaxilveli periodisa

(es sakiTxi ganxilulia qvemoT para-

grafebSi `mwignobarTuxucesi~ da sxv.).

erT-erT aseT magaliTs, rogorc aRvniS-

neT, iZleva serapion zarzmelis cxovrebis

avtori: saero (samefo) xelisuflebis

uZlurebis gamo mravalwlovani dava,

romelic arsebobda samcxis samTavroSi

didebulTa Soris gadaWra mawyverelma

episkoposma giorgi Suartylelma, romel-

mac modave mxareebs mamulebi CamoarT-

va. am episkoposma `xelT idva ra gange-

ba samcxisa, daawynara yoveli sabrZane-

beli Tvisi, viTarca wesi iyo, da daipyra

yoveli mamuli da eklesiani pirvelTa

maT meSfoTeTani... viTarca gardaxda we-

liwadi Svidad aRTvaluli, dascxres

da dadumnes yovelive SfoTni da uwe-

sobani wmidisa amis mRvdelT-moZRvrisa

giorgis mier~.423

maSasadame, saxelmwifo Zalaufleb-

is moklebis gamo, adgilebze zogierT-

ma qarTvelma episkoposma SeZlo Tavis

vrcel samTavroSi mSvidobisa da wesi-

erebis damyareba ara mxolod eklesia-

Si, aramed mTel mosaxleobaSi (es sak-

iTxi ganxilulia aq ve , p aragrafSi

`qorepiskoposi~), rogorc aRiniSna, am

epoqaSi maSin, roca saqarTveloSi saek-

lesio Zalaufleba saeroze gavrcelda,

bizantiaSi, piriqiT, marTlmadidebluri

eklesia ukiduresad daaknina saxelmwifo

xelisuflebam xatmebrZoli imperator-

ebis nebiT. magaliTad, prof. n. suvorovi,

momxre saeklesio saqmeebze imperatoris

xelisuflebis cnobisa, erT-erT Zlier

istoriul argumentad miiCnevs xatme-

brZoli imperatoris lev isavrosis Tval-

sazriss (eklogis winasityvaobaSi), rom

igi (imperatori) memkvidrea petre mo-

ciqulisa da mas akisria misia mwyemsos

morwmuneTa samwyso.42 4

v. cipini, romelic ar eTanxmeba n.

suvorovs, miiCnevs _ eklesiis istoriam

naTlad daamtkica, rom imperatoris xe-

lisufleba ar warmoadgens im insti-

tuts, uromlisodac eklesias ar Seu-

Zlia arseboba. v. cipins ara impera-

tori, aramed msoflio sayovelTao ek-

lesiis episkopati miaCnia eklesiis mi-

wieri nawilis meTaurad,425 miuxedavad

amisa, fiqrobs, rom zogierTi bizantie-

li da rusi imperatoris mizidulobam

eklesiis mimarT, romelsac ar hqonda

arc ekleziologiuri da arc saeklesio

kanonikuri safuZveli, gamoiwvia nawi-

lobrivi deformacia saeklesio wyobisa,

imis msgavsi, romelic hqonda rusul

eklesias sinodalur epoqaSi.426

zemoaRniSnulis gamo, zogierTi mar-

Tlmadidebeli kanonisti bizantieli im-

peratorebis erT nawils adanaSaulebs

cezaro-papizmSi, anu saero uzenaesi xe-

lisuflis (keisris) mier saeklesio saqme-

Ta marTvaSi. am mxriv, qarTul eklesia-

Si, gansaxilvel epoqaSi, saeklesio sa-

marTlis mxriv gadaxras adgili ar hqo-

nia. cezaro-papizmi qarTuli azrovnebi-

saTvis ucxo iyo, Tumca ki qarTveli

mefeebi (iseve rogorc sxva marTlma-

didebeli xalxebis xelmwifeebi), viTarca

mcvelebi da mfarvelebi eklesiisa, monaw-

ileobdnen yvela mniSvnelovan saekle-

sio saqmeSi, magaliTad, episkoposebis

samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebze daniSvnisas

(mag., giorgi mTawmidelis dros bagrat

IV), isini aseve saeklesio samarTalis

423 cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa, qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 96; 424 Í. Ñóâîðîâ, Ó÷åáíèê ÖåðêîâíîãîÏðàâà, 5-îå èçä. Ì. 1913, ñ. 40; 425 Â. Öûïèí. Öåðêîâíîå Ïðàâî, ñ. 200; 426 iqve, gv. 199.


dacvaze zrunavdnen (iwvevdnen da monaw-

ileobdnen saeklesio krebebSi) _ es iyo

samarTlis sxva mxare, kerZod, ganxor-

cieleba bizantiaSive SemuSavebuli prin-

cipisa eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris

`simfoniuri urTierTobisa~ . Tumca,

rogorc aRiniSna, bizantiasa da ruseT-

Si eklesias da saxelmwifos Soris sim-

foniuri urTierToba zogjer irRveoda

saxelmwifos mier. imperatorebi iseT

kanonebsac scemdnen, romelnic ewinaaRm-

degeboda saeklesio wyobas.427 aseTi ma-

galiTebi qarTuli eklesiisaTvis ucno-

bia. gansaxilvel periodSi CvenSi ara

xelmwifes uwodebdnen ̀ gare episkoposs~

(Dytiybq tgbcrjg), aramed piriqiT, mi-

iCnevdnen, rom episkoposi samarTlebri-

vad mefis swori iyo _ èpiskoposisa da

mefis saqme sworia~.

aRbuRas kanonebSi Sesuli cnobili

muxli _ `meore mefe episkoposi aris~

(aRb. kan. 102) _ ganekuTvneba Cvens gan-

saxilvel VIII-IX ss-s da bagrat kura-

palatis samarTals, rogorc es qvemo-

Taa ganxiluli. aqedanve unda iyos ga-

dasuli vaxtangis kanonebSi `mefisa da

kaTalikosis saqme.. . orive swori aris~

(vaxt. kan. 25).

qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuleb-

is ganmtkicebis kvaldakval, qarTuli

eklesia saero xelisuflebis tvirTisa-

gan TandaTan gaTavisuflda. mefe bagrat

IV (1027-1072) ukve TviTon xelmZRv-

anelobs sasamarTlo saeklesio krebas

opizisa da miZnaZoris samamulo davis

ganxilvisas. iRebs, usmens modave mxa-

reebs, niSnavs saqmis garCevas, iwvevs

saTanado specialistebs, winaswar swav-

lobs saqmes, ixilavs sabuTebs da iwvevs

sasamarTlo sxdomas. procesze qveyndeba

yvela sabuTi sajarod, ismineba mxareebis

axsna-ganmarteba, iniSneba paeqroba, fas-

deba damamtkicebeli sabuTebi. procesSi

monawileoben iuristebi _ `mecnierni sa-

bWoTa saqmeTani~. dadgenileba eklesiis

mimarT sigelis saxiT mefem gamosca. Tumca,

sinamdvileSi, am sadavo sakiTxis gada-

saWrelad mowveul saeklesio krebaSi

monawileobdnen rogorc misi samefos aR-

mosavleTis (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos,

zeda mamulebis), ise dasavleT saqarTve-

los (qveda mamulebis) ierarqebi.

am dros Cveni eklesiis samarTlis

erT-erT wyarod, agreTve, ikveTeba ek-

lesiis mamaTa ganmartebani, erTi aseTia

wmida eqvTime mTawmideli.

1906 w. peterburgis winasakrebo TaT-

birze prof. almazovi amtkicebda, rom

saqarTvelos eklesiam Tavis droze av-

tokefalia miiRo politikuri nebiT, am-

itomac istoriulad misi gauqmebac aseve

politikuri nebiT ruseTis mier kanoni-

kurad unda CaiTvaloso. eklesiaTa av-

tokefaliis uflebasTan dakavSirebiT,

saeklesio samarTlis mcodne v. cipini

wers: `Zvelad gamoiTqmoda xolme mcda-

ri mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom avtoke-

falurad unda CaTvliliyo mxolod mo-

ciqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi. papi

lev didi am safuZvelze dayrdnobiT saka-

maTod xdida konstantinopolis eklesi-

is avtokefalias. radganac miiCnevda, rom

is ar iyo daarsebuli mociqulebis mier,

xolo antioqiis sapatriarqo uaryofda

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias im is-

toriulad saeWvo faqtze dayrdnobiT,

rom mociqulTagan aravin yofila saqar-

TveloSi. amave dros, erTi mxriv, ueWve-

lad mociqulTa mier daarsebul zogi-

erT eklesias arasodes hqonia avtoke-

427 v. cipini, dasax. naSr., gv. 35-36.


falia (magaliTad, korinTosa, Tesalon-

ikisa), meore mxriv, arsebobs eklesiebi,

romelTa TviTmyofadoba yvelas mier aris

aRiarebuli, Tumca isini mociqulebs ar

dauarsebiaT.42 8

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefali-

asTan dakavSirebiT v. cipini gamoTqvams

aseT mosazrebas: `wmida mociqulTa swo-

ris ninos gavleniT axali sarwmunoeba

miiRo qarTvelTa mefe mirianma. sla-

vuri eklesiebisagan gansxvavebiT, saqar-

Tvelos eklesiis dedaeklesia iyo ara

konstantinopolis, aramed antioqiis

eklesia. 467 wels iveriis eklesiis

winamZRvarma, romelsac kaTedra mcxeTaSi

hqonda, miiRo antioqiis kaTedrisagan

kaTolikosis tituli. am tituliT iwode-

bodnen bizantiis imperiis aRmosavleTis

sazRvrebs iqiT myofi eklesiebis pirve-

lierarqebi. kaTolikosis pativis pirve-

lad xseneba gvxvdeba 410 wlidan. ka-

Tolikosi maSin iyo babilonis selevskiis

episkoposi, romelic sparseTis eklesias

meTaurobda da Sedioda antioqiis ar-

qiepiskoposis iurisdiqciaSi (romelic

mogvianebiT da amJamad iwodeba aRmosav-

leTis patriarqad), oRond Zalze far-

To avtonomiis uflebiT, radganac bi-

zantia-sparseTis sazRvrebze, TiTqmis

mudmivi omianobis gamo, sakaTalikosos

kavSiri kaTedrasTan garTulebuli iyo.

kaTolikosebad agreTve iwodebodnen som-

xuri eklesiis patriarqebi, romelnic

msoflio marTlmadideblobas gamoeyvnen

qalkedonis krebis Semdeg. saqarTvelos

eklesiis kaTolikosebi, faqtobrivad VIII

s-is Suaxnebidan iqcnen TviTmyofad pir-

velierarqebad, Tumca saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis avtokefalia arc antioqiasa da

arc konstantinopolSi aRiarebuli ar

yofila. XIV s-Si dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si warmoiqmna axali sakaTalikoso, rez-

idenciiT jer biWvinTaSi, Semdeg ki

quTaisSi. 1801 wels saqarTvelo SeerTe-

bul iqna ruseTis imperiasTan, male,

1811 wels, uqmdeba saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliac, kaTolikos anton II-is

mosasveneblad wasvlis Semdeg wmida si-

nodma saqarTveloSi daniSna egzarqosi.

1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiam aRidg-

ina Tavis avtokefaluri statusi, romel-

ic ar iqna cnobili arc ruseTis eklesi-

is adgilobrivi krebis mier (1917-1918

ww.) da arc axalarCeul patriarq wmida

tixonis mier. saqarTvelos eklesiis me-

Taurma miiRo kaTolikos-patriarqis tit-

uli. kanonikuri urTierToba rusul da

qarTul eklesiaTa Soris aRdga 1943 w.~.429

msgavsad v. cipinisa da k. kekeliZ-

isa, b. lominaZec miiCnevs, rom qarTul-

ma eklesiam VIII s-Si ganimtkica, xolo

XI s-Si sabolood miiRo avtokefalia.

yvela am mkvlevarisaTvis dauZleveli

iyo XI s-is melqiti beris, n ikon

SavmTelisa da efrem mcires mier mo-

wodebuli cnoba, rom imperator kon-

stantine kopronimes dros (741-775) ori

qarTveli beri mivida patriarq Teofi-

laqte antioqielTan (daaxl, 744-751).

ìsini Ciodnen, rom qarTvelebs aRar

hyavT kaTalikosi `rameTu dRiTgan ne-

tarisa anastasi mRvdelTmTavrisa (+610),

antioqieli patriarqisa, ara kurTxeul

ars maTda kaTolikosi mTavarepiskoposi

siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rameTu agarianTa-

gan veravin ikadrebs svlad~. es cnoba,

rogorc garkveulia v. goilaZis mier,

Seexeba ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos,

aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos im ekle-

sias, romelic xatmebrZolur eresis gamo

428 Â. À. Öûïèí, Öåðêîâíîå Ïðàâî, 1994, ñò. 204; 429 Â. À. Öûïèí, Öåðêîâíîå Ïðàâî, 1994, ñò. 217.


cdilobda gamosvlas konstantinopolis

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciidan da kanon-

ikuri gziT Tavisuflebis mopovebas. (Cven

am sakiTxs mravaljer vexebiT qvemoT

paragrafebSi: ̀ antioqiis I saeklesio kre-

ba~, ̀ javaxeTis saeklesio kreba~ da sxva).

rogorc Cven garkveuli gvaqvs, Tavda-

pirvelad, mTargmnelTa, Semdeg ki mkvl-

evarTa Secdoma gamoiwvia iman, rom ucx-

oelebi ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos ek-

lesiasac uwodebdnen ̀ iberiis eklesias~,

kerZod dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTa-

likosos _ `qvemo iberiis saarqiepisko-

posos~ uwodebdnen saukuneTa manZilze.430

rogorc Cans, berZnul wyaroSi ewera,

rom antioqiaSi berebi Cavidnen iberi-

idan (igulisxmeboda `qvemo iberia~, anu

dasavleT saqarTvelo), mTargmnelma si-

tyva ̀ iberia~ ̀ qarTlad~ Targmna, qarTl-

Si ki moiazres mcxeTis sakaTalikoso.

es sakiTxi ganxilulia Sesabamis para-

grafebSi, amitomac am cnobis gamoyenebiT,

mtkiceba _ mcxeTis sakaTalikosos mier

VIII s-Si avtokefaliis mopovebis Sesaxeb

– uadgiloa. rac Sexeeba XI s-s, aq

igulisxmeba giorgi mTawmidelis cno-

bili kamaTi antioqiis patriarqTan. (es

sakiTxi ganxilulia paragrafSi àntio-

qiis II saeklesio kreba~). rogorc wyaroe-

bis analizi aCvenebs, am dros qarTul

eklesias ar moupovebia avtokefalia, rad-

ganac misi TavisTavadoba, giorgi mTaw-

midelis sityviT, ukve saukuneebs iTvl-

ida da aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos

eklesiis samarTlis wyaros aRniSnul

periodSi (VI-XI ss.) warmoadgenda ara

ucxo sapatriarqoTa dadgenilebebi, gamo-

tanili qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, aramed

adgilobrivi (qarTuli) saeklesio kre-

baTa dadgenilebani da gadawyvetilebani,

rogorc es Cans `javaxeTis krebisa~ da

sxva krebaTa magaliTiT.

ruis-urbnisis cnobil krebamde sa-

marTlis mxriv eklesiaSi aseTi mdgo-

mareoba yofila:

IX-X ss-Si, qarTuli saeklesio sa-

marTlis Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis bagrat

kurapalatis samarTlis wignis nawyvet-

ebi, romelic SemorCenilia beqa-aRbugas

samarTalSi. i. doliZis TvalsazrisiT,

igi `miuTiTebs Tamar mefis wina peri-

odze, roca mefe samRvdelobis winaSe

jer kidev uZluri iyo~.431

i. doliZis azriT, XII s-mde saqarTve-

los mefe `samRvdeloebis winaSe jer

kidev uZluri iyo~. qveyanaSi episko-

posebsa da samRvdeloebas eWiraT gaba-

tonebuli mdgomareoba.431 i. doliZe mi-

moixilavs bagratis samarTlis cnobil

101, 102 da 103-e kanonebs da askvnis,

rom ès samive muxli iseT xanas unda

ekuTvnodes, roca samRvdeloeba saqarTve-

loSi sruli batoni iyo da saero

mTavrobaze maRla eWira Tavi, ese igi

daviT aRmaSeneblis uwinaresi xanisa unda

iyos~.432 kerZod, 102-e muxli aseTia _

`Tu mefe ebiskopozsa gauwyres – gina

usamarTlod, gina samarTliTa – xelTa

SepyrobaY arca maSin moxdebis, amis-

aTvis rome meore mefe ebiskopozi aris

da qristianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebe-

li da raYca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvs,

agre Seiwynarebs~.433 saerTod, bagrat

kurapalatis samarTali ̀ gaCenilia~ ̀ pir-

velad daviTian bagrat kurapalatisa da

aRmaSenebelTa mefeT-mefeTa brZanebiT~,

430 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 90; 431 i. doliZe , Z veli qarTulisamarTali, 1953, gv. 45; 432 iqve , gv. 450; 433 iqve, gv. 47.


magram es sakmarisi ar iyo samarTlis

gamosacemad. amitomac iqve naTqvamia –

`da mere episkoposTa, didebulTa da

aznaurTa da Wkuian kacTa mefeTa winaSe

erTbaSad gaCenili gangebiTa RmrTisaY-

Ta~.434 maSasadame, Tavis droze bagrat

kurapalatis samarTali SeumuSavebia

mefis winaSe Sekrebil krebas, es cxa-

dia unda yofiliyo darbazoba episko-

posebis, didebulebis, aznaurebisa da

Wkvian kacTa monawileobiT. am samar-

TalSi `samRvdeloebis privilegirebu-

li da maRali uflebrivi mdgomareoba

naTlad Cans samarTlis wignis sxva mux-

lebSic (105-108, 112, 121-122, 139 da

sxv.). es, i. doliZis azriT, miuTiTebs,

rom `bagratis samarTali~ erTi kanonm-

deblis mieraa SemuSavebuli. muxlebi

erTmaneTTan ar arian Seusabamobasa da

winaaRmdegobaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom iv.

javaxiSvilis azriT, es samarTali bagrat

I-s anda bagrat III-s unda ekuTvnodes.

i. doliZe gamoricxavs bagrat III-s,

radganac mis dros `saxelmwifos mx-

olod erTi mefe hyavda da episkoposi

`meore mefe~ ar iyo~. i. doliZe fiqrobs,

rom am samarTlis Semoqmedia bagrat IV,

rasac ar eTanxmebian Tanamedrove mkvl-

evarebi, rogorc aRniSnulia, isini ufro

uWeren mxars bagrat I-s. bagrat I (826-

876) kurapalati iyo Ze mefe aSot I

didisa (kurapalatisa), romelTa dro-

sac tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefo-

Si~ samRvdeloeba uZlieres Zalas war-

moadgenda da, amave dros, iyo xelmwi-

fis sayrdenic. swored eklesiis avtori-

tetidan amoizarda `qarTvelTa samefos~

Ta vda p irv eli Zli er e b a , r ad gan ac

saqarTvelo daSlili qveyana iyo, Zveli

samefo dinastia farnavazian-xosroianebisa

damarcxebuli, xolo kuTxeebSi jer kidev

ar iyo saero xelisufleba fexmokidebu-

li. yovelivem asaxva hpova `bagrat kura-

palatis~ samarTalSi. amiT unda aixsnas

is uCveulo movlena, rom saqarTveloSi

saeklesio iurisdiqcia saero saqmeebzec

vrceldeboda. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT,

`bizantiis gavlena qarTul mwerlobasa

da kulturaze XII s-Si daiwyo~.

434 i. doliZe , Zveli qarTuli samarTali, 1953, gv. 335.


saqarTvelos eklesias, viTarca av-

tokefalurs, hqonda suverenuli sakanon-

mdeblo saqmianobis ufleba Tavisi av-

tokefaliis sazRvrebSi, rasac axor-

cielebda kidec aTaswleulTa manZilze

ruis-urbnisis krebamde da mis Semdeg

XIX s-mde, avtokefaliis gauqmebamde.

saeklesio kanonmdeblobis adgilo-

briv organos, pirvel rigSi warmoad-

gendnen saeklesio krebebi.

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs, ro-

gorc Cvenamde moRweuli masalebis ana-

lizidan Cans (warmodgenilia qvemoT,

Sesabamis paragrafebSi), axasiaTebda gan-

sakuTrebuli specifika, romelic unda

asaxavdes saqarTveloSi saeklesio da

saxelmwifo xelisuflebaTa urTierT-

damokidebulebas. rogorc cnobilia, ar-

sebobs am (saeklesio da saxelmwifo xe-

lisuflebaTa) urTierTdamokidebulebis

sxva-dasxva sistema. maT Soris idealu-

rad miiCneva simfoniuri damokidebule-

ba. bizantiaSi, romelic etalons war-

moadgenda qarTvelebisaTvis saeklesio

urTierTobaTa sferoSi, SemuSavebuli

iyo eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTier-

Tobis ZiriTadi principebi, romlebic im-

periis saxelmwifo kanonebsa da sjulis

wesebSic iqna Setanili, isini aisaxa

wmida mamaTa nawerebSic. esaa eklesiisa

da saxelmwifos simfoniis principi.

rogorc iTqva, simfoniis arsia urT-

ierTTanamSromloba, urTierTdaxmareba,

erTmaneTis mimarT zrunva da pasuxismge-

bloba ise, rom erTi mxare meoris gan-

sakuTrebuli kompetenciis sferoSi ar


ruis-urbnisis krebis Semdeg (XII-XVIII ss.)

SeiWras. miiCneva, rom es principi yve-

laze uke-Taa Camoyalibebuli imperator

iustinianes VI novelaSi: ̀ udidesi sikeTe,

romelic adamianebs RmerTis didi saxie-

rebiT mieniWaT _ mRvdloba da mefobaa,

romelTagan pirveli (e.i. saeklesio xe-

lisufleba) saRmrTo saqmisaTvis zrunavs

da mas xelmZRvanelobs, xolo meore (sax-

elmwifo xelisufleba) ki kacobriobi-

saTvis, orive momdinareobs erTi da imave

wyarodan. .. Tu sasuliero mxare yove-

lives RvTisaTvis saTnod ganagebs, xolo

saxelmwifo xelisufleba masze mind-

obil saxelmwifos samarTliT marTavs,

maSin maT Soris yvelaferSi sruli Tanx-

moba iqneba, rac kacobriobas sargebloba-

sa da sikeTes moutans~. am principidan

gamomdinare, iustiniane Tavis noveleb-

Si sjulier wesebs saxelmwifo kanonis

Zalas aniWebda. am midgomis gamo saek-

lesio da saero wesebi erTobliobaSi

zogjer mefis saxeliT gamoicemoda, ma-

gram damtkicebuli iyo saeklesio xe-

lisufalTa mier, es damaxasiaTebeli iyo

saqarTvelosaTvisac (amis Sesaxeb ixi-

leT qvemoT, krebaTa ganxilvis dros).

iustinianemdec, IV-V ss-Si, romis

imperiaSi miiCneoda, rom saero da sa-

suliero xelisuflebas erTmaneTisaTvis

mxari unda daeWiraT, radganac erTis

warmatebiT meorec warmatebas miaRwev-

da, WeSmariti sarwmunoeba samarTliT

gabrwyindeboda, saxelmwifo ki ayvavde-

boda. miiCneoda, agreTve, rom orive es

xelisufleba gaerTianebuli unda yo-

filiyo zemoaRniSnuli miznis misaRwe-


vad, daculi unda yofiliyo saxelm-

wifo da saeklesio xelisuflebas Soris

urRvevi kavSiri _ RvTis gangebis ukeT

aRsrulebisa da xalxis samsaxurisaTvis:

`vinc erTisaTvis (saxelmwifosaTvis,

qveSevrdomebisaTvis) zrunavs, meorezec

(eklesiisaTvis, marTali sarwmunoebi-

saTvis) fiqrobs~.435

rogorc qvemoT gamoCndeba, aRniSnu-

li simfoniuri kavSiri, Cans, Tavidanve,

ukve IV-V ss-danve daedo safuZvlad

saqarTveloSi saxelmwifosa da eklesias

Soris urTierTobas. amiT unda aixsnas

is araCveulebrivi garemoeba, rom zogjer

saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba imavdrou-

lad warmoadgenda saxelmwifo darbazis

sxdomas, anda piriqiT, saxelmwifo dar-

bazis sxdoma, Sesabamisi saeklesio sak-

iTxis ganxilvis dros, gadaiqceoda saek-

lesio krebad, romelsac gamohqonda saek-

lesio saxis dadgenilebani (es sakiTxi

ganxilulia qvemoT, Sesabamis calkeul

saeklesio krebaTa ganxilvisas).

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs, ro-

gorc wesi, iwvevda mefe (rogorc bizan-

tiaSi), Tumca ramdenime gamonaklisic

arsebobs. rogorc aRvniSneT, zogjer

saeklesio sakiTxebi ixileboda saxelm-

wifo darbazis mier. saxelmwifo dar-

bazs, Cans, amis ufleba eniWeboda imis

gamo, rom igi Tavisi SemadgenlobiT gamo-

xatavda urRvev kavSirs _ mTlianobas

saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisufle-

bas Soris. kerZod, darbazobisas `xelm-

wifis karis~ garda, ikribeboda qveynis

yvela nawilis episkopati (`zemo~ da

`qvemo~ mamulebidan~, anu aRmosavleT

da dasavleT saqarTvelodan), mniSvnelo-

vani monastrebis winamZRvrebi, da cxa-

dia, saero xelisufleba. darbazobis

umTavresi birTvi iyo `xelmwifis kari~.

es ukanaskneli Semadgenlobis mxriv

agreTve gamoxatavda mTlianobas saero

da saeklesio xelisuflebisa, kerZod,

igi Sedgeboda mefisa da oTxi berisa-

gan. es òTxi beri~ iyo: 1. kaTalikosi

qarTlisa, anu igive sruliad saqarTve-

los patriarqi; 2. afxazeTis kaTaliko-

si; 3. mwignobarTuxucesi, igive Wyon-

dideli episkoposi; 4. moZRvarT-moZR-

vari. es oTxi beri, Cans, sinamdvileSi

warmoadgenda mefis karze mudmivad mo-

qmed saxelmwifo sabWos, romlis erT-

erTi wevri mwignobarTuxucesi _ ukve

namdvilad unda yofiliyo (yoveldRi-

urad) xelmwifis karze436 da mefis sax-

eliT emarTa saxelmwifo saqmeebi, anu

Tanamedrove terminologiiT, rogorc es

garkveulia ivane javaxiSvilis mier _ igi

iyo premier-ministri, Tavmjdomare mTavro-

bisa (ixileT aqve, saqarTvelos eklesiis

mmarTveli ierarqia, `vazirTuxucesi~).

darbazobis sxdomas, rogorc aRini-

Sna, eswrebodnen: mefe, oTxi beri, uxu-

c e s e b i ( v e z ir e b i ) , e p i s k o p o s e b i ,

winamZRvrebi, saqveyno xelisufalni. ̀ oTx

bers~ _ gansakuTrebuli ufleba hqonda

saqveyno da marTvis saqmeSi, imavdrou-

lad, isini eklesiis mmarTvelebi iyvnen.

zemoaRniSnuliT unda yofiliyo gamowveu-

li Cveni mematianis mtkiceba `darbazis

karidan~ saeklesio `wesebis~ gamocemis

Sesaxeb: `monasterni da saepiskoposoni

da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa

locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesioYsa

gangebisas darbazis kariT miiRebdian,

viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad

Sveniersa da dawyobilsa, keTilwesiere-

basa locvisa da marxvisasa~.437

435 v. cipini, eklesia da saxelmwifo, saq . e kl . kalendari, 1999, gv . 146; 436 saqarTvelossamociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 254; 437 qarTlis cxovreba, t. I , gv. 352.


SeiZleba iTqvas, mematianis am cnobas

adasturebs `xelmwifis karis garigeb-

is~ avtori: `gelaTisagan kide saydarni

da sxvani monasterni da eklesiani, xuc-

esni da monazonni da rac saeklesioni

dasni arian, yvela Wyondidelis da saw-

olis mwignobaris saxelosia~.438 maSasa-

dame, saeklesio dasi xelmwifis kari-

dan imarTeba, magram ara saero xelisu-

flis, aramed sasuliero wodebis, ma-

gram qveynis mmarTveli xelisuflis _

Wyondidelis mier. am uflebas mas, Cans,

aZlevs òTxi beris~ sabWo. am gasocari

faqtis axsna SeiZleba niko maris si-

tyviT _ `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da

sasuliero Zalauflebis erToba warmoad-

genda udavo faqts~.

Zvel saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo da

saeklesio xelisufleba gaerTianebuli

iyo, mis mier qveyana da eklesia erTi

Zalauflebrivi centridan erTiani Za-

lauflebiT imarTeboda. saero da sa-

suliero Zalauflebebis erT xelSi har-

moniuli, simfoniuri Tavmoyra _ Zveli

qarTuli (ruis-urbnisis krebamdeli) naS-

Ti unda yofiliyo. rogorc Cans, ruis-

urbnisis krebaze saxelmwifo xelisu-

flebam kanonieri saxe misca am ukve

arsebul faqts, mwignobarTuxuces-vazir-

Tuxucesis Tanamdebobis dawesebiT, Tu

misi ZvelTaganve mopovebuli uflebis

aRiarebiT. n. maris azriT, mwignobar-

Tuxuces-Wyondidelis, anu saxelmwifo-

Si mefis Semdeg meore saxelisuflebo

piris, Tanamdebobis daweseba unda yo-

filiyo saqarTveloSi odesRac arsebu-

li saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis

erT xelSi Tavmoyris tradiciis gvian-

deli gadmonaSTi, romlis minamsgavsia

xevisberobis instituti moxeveebSi (ix.

qvemoT paragrafi `mwignobarTuxucesi~).

saxelmwifo xelisufleba, Cans, saqarTve-

los gaerTianebis, anu XI s-is Semdeg

dainteresebuli iyo, mZlavri saeklesio

xelisufleba gaeerTianebina saxelmwifo

xelisuflebasTan da amiT erTiani xe-

lisufleba mieRo. m. lorTqifaniZis,

iseve, rogorc zogadad qarTuli isto-

riografiis TvalsazrisiT, ruis-urbni-

sis krebis meSveobiT saxelmwifom daimor-

Cila eklesia, imdenad, rom TviT darba-

zis karidan iRebda eklesia `wessa da

kanonebs~, romelnic ùcTomelad~ unda

miCneuliyo, aseTia interpretireba me-

matianis cnobili cnobisa, romelic ze-

moTaa motanili, magram `darbazis kari~,

TviTve warmoadgenda saeklesio orga-

nos garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, amitomac

mas ufleba hqonda gamoeca saeklesio

dadgenilebanic aRsasruleblad. maSasa-

dame, yofiliyo saqarTvelos saeklesio

samarTlis wyaro, amitomac araa marTe-

buli azri, TiTqosda ruis-urbnisis krebam

eklesia daumorCila saxelmwifos.

saxelmwifo darbazobis saxe hqon-

da bagrat IV-s mier mowveul krebas,

romelmac saeklesio sakiTxi gaarCia

or monasters Soris. darbazobis sxdo-

mis saxe hqonda Wulevis saeklesio

krebas, romelzedac damtkicda saxelm-

wifoebrivi warmoSobis beqasa da aR-

buRas kanonebi, romelTac krebam Tan

daurTo e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~,

sakanonmdeblo saeklesio krebaze vax-

tang VI-is mier moZiebuli `yovelni

wigni samarTlisanni~ damtkicda da mieca

qveyanaSi amoqmedebis ufleba.

vaxtangis mier moZiebuli samarTlis

wignebi, romelic safuZvlad daedo cno-

bil qarTul vaxtangis samarTals, Seaf-

438 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 82.


asa da miiRo krebam, romelic Sedgebo-

da kaTalikozisa da episkoposebisagan.

am krebas, rogorc saxelmwifo darba-

zis sxdomas, mefesa da umaRles ierar-

qebTan erTad eswrebodnen didebulni,

darbaiselni. vaxtang VI-s, maTi `damow-

meba da nebarTva~ esaWiroeboda, raTa

samarTlis Zveli da axali normebi amo-

qmedebuliyo, rogorc TviT es Zegli

aRniSnavs _ `damowmebiTa da nebadarT-

viTa TvisTa kaTalikoz-episkopos da

didebul-darbaiselTa.439

ufro adre, XIV s-is bolos Wule-

vis monasterSi Semdgar saeklesio kre-

bas, anu rac igivea, adgilobriv sax-

elmwifo darbazs, rogorc aRvniSneT,

daumtkicebia beqa-aRbuRas samarTali,

romelic amis Semdeg gavrcelda rogorc

saeklesio da saqveyno moqmedi samarTa-

li. am sxdomas, mTavar aRbuRasTan er-

Tad, eswrebodnen mawyvereli episkopo-

si, safaris moZRvari, samcxis, taos,

SavSeTis da klarjeTis episkoposebi, meu-

dabnoe berebi, moweseebi, agreTve, saero

xelisufalnic, romelTa erToblivi ̀ mow-

mobiT~ krebam samarTali gamosca.440 (es

krebebi ganxilulia qvemoT).

kidev ufro adre, XIV s-is dasawyisSi

(1335 w.) krebam, romelsac wmida meufe,

qarTlis kaTalikosi efTvime eswreboda

episkoposebTan, vezirebTan, mouravebTan

Temisa da Temis erisTavebTan, xevisberebT-

an, xevisTavebsa da herovanebTan erTad,

mefis giorgis brwyinvalis Tavmjdomar-

eobiT (esaa saxelmwifo darbazi) gamos-

ca samarTali, marTalia ara saeklesio,

aramed ufro saero `msoflio~, magram

rogorc kreba aRniSnavs, igi iyo sasju-

lo saqmeTa Semcvelic. sasjulo saqme

mTieli mosaxleobisa gamowvlilviT See-

ZloT gaerCiaT saeklesio mTavrebs _

`sxva rac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos, igi

kaTalikozman da ganaCenTa maT zeda eb-

iskoposTa maT hkiTxon~.441 (es kreba ganx-

ilulia qvemoT).

rogorc Cans, qarTuli saxelmwifoe-

brivi sistema, romelSic eklesiis vi-

Tarca saxelmwifoebrvi sxeulisa da

erTeulis Tvisebebi aRiarebuli iyo,

Tavis yvelaze ufro sruli saxiT war-

moCnda XII s-Si, daviT aRmaSeneblis dros,

ruis-urbnisis krebis mier. daviTma Zir-

iTadi saxelmwifo uwyebani (saSinao,

finansTa, nawilobriv samxedro) uSua-

lod Caabara eklesiis ierarqs mwignobar-

Tuxucess-Wyondidels, romelsac umaR-

lesi sasamarTlo-saajo karic eWira. igi

iyo `vazirT upirvelesi, faqtobrivad

mefis moadgile, saxelmwifos mTeli mar-

Tva-gamgeobis namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli,

romelsac `karis garigeba~ mefis mamasac

ki uwodebs~.442

es Tanamdeboba rom ara fiqtiuri,

aramed realuri iyo, Cans iqidanac, rom

XIII s-Si, roca òTx berTagan~, anu

saxelmwifo sabWos wevrTagan erT-erT-

ma _ qarTlis kaTalikosma miqaelma xelT

igdo mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdebobac,

aman Searyia Tamar mefis xelisufleba.

msgavsi moxda SemdgomSic, basili Wyon-

didelis dros. miqael kaTalikosi, misi

Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesobis dros,

niko berZeniSvilis TqmiT, `faqtiurad

gamge unda gamxadariyo samefosi~. 443

`miqaels viTarca erTdroulad eklesi-

is mesaWesa da amave dros vazirTa up-

irveless saxelmwifo xelisuflebis xe-

lSi Cagdebac surda. mis daukiTxavad

439 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1963, t. 1, gv. 101; 440 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1963, t. 1, gv.425; 441 iqve , gv. 402; 442 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, gv. 113; 443 n. berZeniSvili, t. IX, 1979, gv. 198.


mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amit-

om miqaels, amieridan TviT mefezec ki

Zala da xelisufleba eqneboda... miqaeli

saero-saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisu-

flebis mqonebeli da gamaerTianebeli iyo...

es garemoeba saxelmwifosa da saero

cxovrebaSi aucileblad eklesiis gaba-

tonebas moaswavebda. .. es saistorio mec-

nierebaSi wodebuls cezaro-papizms udr-

ida da romis eklesiis uflebriv Semec-

nebas miemsgavseboda~.444

Tamaris msgavsad, Tavisi ukiduresi

SeSfoTeba xelisuflebis moklebis Sesaxeb

gamoxata laSa giorgis Ze mefe daviT-

mac, roca basili Wyondidel-ujarmeli

gandidda imdenad, rom mefis magier (me-

fis daukiTxavad) moqmedebda. `TaTarTa

wylis Robeze `sibaze~ yovelwliurma

gamgzavrebam ulu daviTi Tavis saxelm-

wifos CamoaSora da am garemoebam vazir-

Ta-upirvelesi damoukidebel da TviTneba

mbrZaneblad aqcia~.445

maSasadame, mefis saxelmwifoSi aryo-

fnis dros mis adgils, faqtobrivad, mwi-

gnobarTuxucesi iWerda, xolo òTx ber-

Tagan~ erT-erTis xelSi Tanamdebobis Tav-

moyris dros mefis xelisufleba iryeo-

da. yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gamo, qarTu-

li samarTlebrivi sistemisaTvis ucxoa

bizantiuri ganmartebani, rom ̀ imperatori

(mefe) sakrebo dadgenilebebze maRla dgas,

aris saeklesio ierarqiis winamZRoli da

kanonmdebeli~ (dimitri xomatini, XIII s.).

aseTi bizantiuri uzenaesoba saimpera-

toro xelisuflebisa saeklesio xelisu-

flebaze, zogierTi kanonistis Tvalsaz-

risiT, safuZvels iZleoda daedanaSaulebi-

naT, cezaro-papizmSi, ramdenime impera-

tori, maT Soris _ ruseTSic; anu iqm-

neboda iseTi viTareba, roca imperatori

saeklesio krebebzec maRla mdgomi, saek-

lesio saqmeTa gamgebeli iyo. aseTi vi-

Tareba saqarTveloSi warmoudgeneli iyo.

aq saeklesio xelisufleba ar iCrdile-

boda saxelmwifos mier, piriqiT, maT

Soris simfoniuri urTierToba iyo.

rogorc aRiniSna, saeklesio xelisufleba

araTu uflebadakarguli iyo, aramed

zogjer, garkveuli gadaxrebis dros, mas

saxelmwifo Zalauflebis Tavis xelSi

aRebac ki SeeZlo. magram mas es ara-

sodes unebebia, ase rom, qarTuli ekle-

sia samarTlis mxriv ar hgavda romauls,

romelmac saxelmwifo xelisuflebaze

Tavisi uzenaesoba ganaxorciela. qarTul-

ma eklesiam TiTqmis XIX s-mde SeZlo

erovnul saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan

simfoniuri Tanaarseboba. amitomac, mar-

Talia, Cven gvaqvs saxelmwifo warmoSobis

saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi, gamoce-

mulni ZiriTadad xelmwifis (saqarTve-

los mefis), anda saxelmwifo mTliano-

bis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi adgilobriv

mefe-mTavarTa mier, magram maTi damtki-

ceba, anu amoqmedebis ufleba eklesiis

ierarqTa xelSi iyo da maT mier xdebo-

da. saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris

urTierToba mogvarebuli iyo, amitomac

aseT wyaroTa umetesoba (esaa sigelebi,

`dawerilebi~, ̀ wesebi~, ̀ wignebi~ da sxv.),

ZiriTadad, Seexeboda eklesiisaTvis ga-

weul daxmarebebsa da dawesebul SeRa-

vaTebs, Tumca maTSi asaxulia is faqtic,

rom saeklesio iurisdiqcia saero saqmee-

bzec vrceldeboda.

444 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, gv. 115; 445 iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 60.


mongolebis Semosevebma ara marto

gaaRataka saqarTvelos eklesia, aramed

moSala simfoniuri urTierToba iqamde

arsebul erovnul saxelmwifosa da ek-

lesias Soris, Tumca ki mongolebi cdi-

lobdnen daecvaT eklesiis xelSeuxe-

bloba, misi qoneba, gaeTavisuflebinaT

sasuliero pirebi xarkisa da gadasax-

adisagan . mongolTa Semosevebis Semdeg

saqarTveloSi kvlav aRdga Zveleburi

urTierTobani saxelmwifosa da ekle-

sias Soris.

mongolTa xanas ganekuTvneba erTi

saintereso faqti saqarTvelos eklesi-

is samarTlis istoriidan, romelic mia-

gavs dasavleTis eklesiaSi dafiqsire-

bul e.w. ìnterdiqts~. rogorc cno-

bilia, romis papebis mZlavri iaraRi saero

xelisuflebasTan brZolisas iyo inter-

diqti, romliTac ama Tu im qveyanaSi

RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebas manamde krZa-

lavda, sanam qveSevrdomebi papis mier

gankveTil TavianT monarqs ar Camoag-

debdnen. msgavsi momxdara saqarTveloSic

ulu daviTis dros.

mongolTa mier `damtkicebulma~ xe-

lmwifem, cxadia, Secvala iqamde arse-

buli darbazobis wesi. axla ukve dar-

bazi aRar gamoxatavda eklesiis inter-

esebs, iq mongolebis interesebi ufro

iyo daculi. amis gamo eklesiis inter-

esebi qveyanaSi swored darbazis erT-

erTi frTis mier ilaxeboda. kerZod,

saeklesio mamulebis mtaceblebs, romelT-

ac winaT `dakrulviT~ sjida eklesia,

axla darbazis saxelmwifo aRmasrule-


qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebis periodebSi

beli xelisufalni (amirspasalari, amire-

jibi, da sxv.) aqezebdnen. kerZod, iqam-

de arsebuli wesebiT: `samefo saxlisa

da palatis wesis~ Tanaxmad, `dakrul-

vili~ piri saxelmwifos mier unda

`Serisxuliyo~, CamorTmeoda mamulebi da

ar unda `SeeSvaT laSqarSi~. amis nacv-

lad, aRniSnuli darbaislebi damkrulv-

els (e.i. saeklesio pirs) aiZulebdnen

krulvis axsnas, e.i. unarCunebdnen mta-

ceblebs mitacebul saeklesio qonebas.

qveyanaSi sxva uamravi Seviwroebac xde-

boda sasuliero pirebisa. amis gamo 1263

wels Sekrebilma saeklesio sxdomam mefe

gaafrTxila _ àmisni mqnelni varT: arc

mironsa gavxsniT, saqarTvelosa eklesi-

aTa davbeWdavT, xucesTa davaye nebT

wirvisa, naTvlisa da samkvdroTa ziare-

bisagan~.446 ra Sedegi unda mohyoloda

morwmune qristianTa qveyanaSi RvTism-

saxurebis totalur akrZalvas? dasav-

leT evropaSi msgavs situaciaSi aRS-

foTebuli mosaxleoba taxtidan Camoag-

debda xolme xelmwifes, romelic amave

dros eklesiis mier iyo gankveTili. maSas-

adame, saqarTveloSic am qmedebas mefis

taxtidan Camogdeba unda mohyoloda

Sedegad. rogorc Cans, mongolebis dro-

sac eklesias kvlav hqonda saxelmwifo

xelisuflebaze zemoqmedebis mZlavri iar-

aRi, rac aisaxa kidec saeklesio saqme-

Ta gamocemul ZeglisweraSi. es sakiTxi

ganxilulia qvemoT 1263 wlis saekle-

sio krebis gadmocemisas.

XVII s-is Semdeg, iranisa da osma-

leTis agresiisa da qarTvelTa erovnul-

446 qarT. samarT. Z egl., III, 164.


saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis dasuste-

bis gamo, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo ira-

nis xeldebul qveynad gadaiqca, mesxeTi

ki _ osmaleTisa. saeklesio saqmeebSi

iranis Sahebi da mmarTvelebi ereodnen,

romelnic zogjer gamoscemdnen kidec

Sesabamis sigelebs saqarTvelos saek-

lesio saqmeTa Sesaxeb, zogjer patri-

arqebis damtkicebis saqmeSic ereodnen.

XVII s-is dasawyisidan, beri egna-

taSvilis cnobiT, sparseTis moxelem –

rostom mefe-xanma episkoposebs xel-

fasebi dauniSna _ `yovelTaTvis jama-

giri ganuwesa~.447

XVII s-dan, imis Semdeg, rac aRmo-

savleT saqarTvelo iranis imperiis

sazRvrebSi moeqca, qarTlis kaTaliko-

sis dadgenaSi saWiro gamxdara iranis

Sahis nebarTva. `1687 w. Sah-solomoni

swers firmanSi ioane kaTalikozs `rad-

gan Tqveni wina moadgile (nikolozi) ar

daemorCila nazarali xans, igi ganvkve-

TeT da Tqven ioane dagadgineTo~.448

`kaxeTSi saeklesio mamulebs dauw-

yes dataceba da ciloba, amis gamo 1707

wels `domenti kaTalikosi wavida yeen-

Tan saCivlelad da misi wyalobis fir-

maniT kaxeTSi Cavida imam yuli xanTan

yarajalaSi, gaariga saqme da mivida

mcxeTaSi~.449 `mouZlurda sjuli da

ganiryvna wesi saeklesio~.450

òsmalTagan dapyrobis dros qarTu-

li eklesiis saqmeebSi ereoda osmalos

faSa. Tbilisis dapyrobis Semdeg, 1727

wels iases daxmarebiT besarion orbelians

mousyidia isay-faSa, `Seapara qrTami da

miiRo kaTalikozoba 1728 w.~.451

1642 weli _ Sah-sefis firmani

saqarTvelos saeklesio mamulebis mow-

esrigebis Sesaxeb: `...fadiSahuri Sewy-

narebiT aRzevebulma kaTalikosma uwyo-

des... rostom xans.. . Seuwynarebia Tqve-

ni qristiani meTauris, mesaWeTa Soris

rCeulis Txovna da vedreba, rom saek-

lesio (samlocvelo) saxlebi gadaeces

Tqveni keTilgonierebis gankargulebaSi,

raTa miRebuli (dadgenili) wesebis Se-

sabamisad ixarjebodes (Semosavali)~...452

1684 w. _ àbas ziad-oRlis brZaneba

brma episkopos zaqariasaTvis gasamrje-

los daniSvnis Sesaxeb. `gamovida maRa-

li brZaneba masze, rom kaxeTis olqis

fuladi gamosavlebis mmarTvelma wlis

dasawyisidan Tanxa 4 Tavrizis Tumani

iuwyos yovelwliur gasamrjelod brma

episkopos zaqariasaTvis~...453

1701 w. _ Sah-sulTan huseinis fir-

mani nazaralis biZaSvilis evdemozis kaTa-

likosad damtkicebis Sesaxeb. ̀ ...ayvanilia

Cveni brZanebiT kaTalikosis xarisxze yo-

fili kaTalikosis ioanes gardacvalebis

dRidan... saqarTvelos mcxovreblebma aRi-

aron qristianTa uwyebuli rCeuli ama

mxarisa damoukidebel kaTalikosad~.454

`gamovida maRali brZaneba... kaTali-

kosis soflebisa da mxareebis gafantu-

li glexebi.. . romel kuTxeSic iyon,

Sekribon da daamkvidron TavianT sacx-

ovrebel adgilebze... danarCen saqarTve-

los miwa-wyalis qarTvelebma winaaRm-

degoba ar gauwion mimofantuli glexe-

bis TavianT àdgil-mamulisaken dab-

runebaSi~.455

`XVII s-is damdegs mcxeTaSi jariT

misuli Sah-abasi windebis amara Sevida

447 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 425; 448 Vw[tncrbt frns^ c& 238 $ 449 p. karbelaSvili, ierarqia, saq. ekl.kalendari, 1900, gv. 133; 450 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 425; 451 p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv.238; 452 m. xubua, saqarTvelos muzeumebis sparsuli firmane bi da hoqmebi , 1949, gv. 10; 453 iqve , gv.22; 454 iqve, gv. 40; 455 iqve, gv. 11.


sveticxovelSi, Tayvani sca mas, xolo

samRvdeloebas yvela mamulis xelSeux-

ebloba firmaniT daumtkica~.456

sparseTis Sahi nadiris 1742 wlis

firmanSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs: `wyalo-

biTa uzenaesi RmrTisaTa gamoica umaR-

lesi brZaneba: maRalxarisxovanma kaxe-

Tis moadgilem Teimuraz xanma, qarTlisa

da kaxeTis samRvdeloebasTan da Tavad-

aznaurobasTan erTad, momaxsenes, rom

maTi kaTalikozi gardaicvala, xolo mis

adgilas aurCeviaT maRal-usamRvdeloe-

si nikolozi da mTxoven mis damtkice-

bas. maTi survilis Tanaxmad, vamtkiceb

nikolozs kaTalikozis xarisxSi da am

wlis damdegidan vuniSnav, winandeli kaTa-

likozebis magaliTis mixedviT, jamag-

irs 1000 maneTs nadirisas, raTa igi

aRasrulebdes am Tanamdebobas~...457

ori wlis Semdeg kaTalikozi ni-

kolozi gardaicvala da mis adgilze

arCeul iqna anton I . igive Sahi amtki-

cebs am kaTalikozsac da valad uwesebs:

`ganage Seni samwyso mandauri wesebisa

da CveulebaTa Tanaxmad, mcxovrebTa

sasiamovnod, xolo Tavadebs, didebulebsa

da xalxs brZanebas aZlevs: `miiReT igi

Tqvens kaTalikosad, samRvdeloebis Ta-

vadad da yvela sasuliero saqmeSi uf-

rosad~.457 1620-iani wlebidan qarTl-

kaxeTs mahmadiani mmarTvelebi marTavd-

nen, ramac saeklesio wyaroebsac Tavise-

buri saxe misca.

mTlianad gansxvavdeboda saeklesio

samarTlis wyaroebis mxriv dasavleT

saqarTvelos eklesia. aq kaTalikoss

kvla-vindeburad irCevda adgilobrivi

saeklesio kreba. radganac dasavleT

saqarTvelom, anu àfxazeTis sakaTali-

kosom~ SeinarCuna TavisTavadoba da

arcerTi ucxoeli saxelmwifo mis kaTa-

likoss ar amtkicebda da xelfass ar

uxdida, cxadia, misi meTauri miiCneoda

ùfros, anu uxuces~ pirvelierarqad

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos pirvelierar-

qTan mimarTebisas (gansxvavebiT Zveli

saukuneebisagan). amis Sesaxeb cnobebs

gvawvdian antioqieli da ierusalimeli

patriarqebi: XVII s-is ierusalimeli pa-

triarqi dosiTeosi wers: ìberiaSi ori

avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposia, romelTac

qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTalikosebs. qvemo

iberia, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs da

lazikas uwodebdnen, aqvs eparqiebi im-

ereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi,

svaneTsa da mesxeTis nawilSi. es epar-

qiebi eqvemdebarebodnen konstantinopo-

lis saydars fasidis mitropolitis sa-

SualebiT. .. herakle keisris Semdeg -

lev isavrosamde qvemo iberia ukve iyo

avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo... qvemo

iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro metia

zemo iberiis kaTalikosze... iberebi qvemo

iberiis kaTolikoss miiCneven ufrosad,

radgan mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi, iwodeba

mefeTa-mefed~.458

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mahmadianeb-

is batonobis dros, imereTis, anu qvemo

iberiis samefom da eklesiam SeinarCunes

Zveli damoukidebloba, amitomac `qvemo

iberiis~ (afxazeTis) kaTalikosis pativi

ufro metad iqna aRiarebuli.

imaves wers meore ierusalimeli pa-

triarqi qrisanTo anu xrisanfi _

`saqarTveloSi.. . arqiepiskoposi qvemo

iberiisa, iwodeba imereTis, oseTis, guri-

is da sruliad iberiis unetares kaTa-

likosad, rogorc ufrosi zemo iberiis

456 g. rogava, qristianuli religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi, 1801-1917 ww. , Tb., 1997 w. gv. 33; 457

Ìöõåòñê. Àêòû, c. 238; 458 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, II, gv. 90.


kaTalikosze, xolo meore, e .i. zemo

iberiisa, iwodeba qarTlis, kaxeTis, al-

baneTis da sruliad zemo iberiis une-

tares kaTalikosad~.459

i m i s g a mo , ro m a R mo s a vl e T

saqarTveloSi mahmadianebi batonobdnen,

xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos mmarTveli

samefo zedafena kvlavac iyo qristian-

uli da eklesia marTuli sakuTari kre-

bis mier, amitomac dasavleT saqarTve-

los kaTalikosebi, zogjer `sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikozebs~ uwodebdnen

TavianT Tavs, magaliTad kaTalikosi

grigol lorTqifan iZ e XVI I I s-is

dasawyisSi: ̀ grigol mwyemsi qristes mier

yovlisa saqarTveloYsa kaTalikozi~.460

am droisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTve-

lo ganixileboda viTarca iranis imperiis

Semadgeneli nawili, qarTlisa da kaxe-

Tis `samefoebs~ marTaven iraneli mox-

eleebi, Tumca eTnikurad qarTvelebi,

konfesiurad ki _ gamahmadianebulebi.

am droisaTvis saeklesio mamulebi, gan-

sakuTrebiT ki kaxeTSi, mitacebuli iqna

saero xelisufalTa mier. amave dros

garkveul centridanul midrekilebas

amJRavne bda alaverdeli episkoposi,

romelsac faqtobrivad emxrobodnen kax-

eli episkoposebi. iranis xelisuflebis

mier sakaTalikoso taxtze damtkicebu-

li (aseTi damtkiceba aucilebeli iyo)

kaTalikos-patriarqi domenti IV (1705-

1741) am saqmeTa mosagvareblad gaemgza-

vra ispahanSi da miaRwia imas, rom ira-

nis Sahma mcxeTis sakaTalikosos daumt-

kica kaxeTis saeklesio mamulebi. es iyo

didi gamarjveba mcxeTis sakaTalikoso

mTlianobis SesanarCuneblad, vaxtang VI-

is ruseTSi gadaxvewis Semdeg osmalebma

xelSi aiRes aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

xelisufleba, domenti IV gaemgzavra

stambolSi, sadac mas agreTve daumt-

kices mcxeTis saeklesio mamulebi (Tum-

ca samSobloSi aRar gamouSves). erTi

sityviT, zogjer samarTlis wyaros mcx-

eTis sakaTalikososTvis (am droisaTvis)

dampyrobelTa xelisuflebis gadaw-

yvetilebani warmoadgenda.

iqamde, vaxtang VI-m moiwvia saekle-

sio kreba, romelmac ̀ aRadgina darRveuli

saeklesio samarTali~ (nazarali xanis

epoqaSi dairRva).

krebam gadaayena saero xelisufleb-

is mier dasmuli kaTalikosi da mcxeTis

kaTalikosad janiSinis Zma domenti air-

Cia, rasac mcxeTis memamuleobis aRdge-

na mohyva. 1707 wels domenti kaTali-

kosma Sahis brZanebiT feodalebs mina-

tacebi ukan daabrunebina~.461 Tumca, cxa-

dia, ZiriTadad, saeklesio samarTlis

wyaros kvlav adgilobrivi krebebi (`dar-

bazis kari~) warmoadgenda.

`Tavisi samarTlis wigni vaxtangma

darbaiselTa (e.i. saero da saeklesio

maRali feodalebis) uSualo monawile-

obiT Seadgina~.462

rogorc iTqva, kaTolikos-patriarq-

ma domenti IV-m (1705-1741) imas miaR-

wia, rom 1710 wels kaxeTis mefes dav-

iT II-s (imamyuli xans) daawerina sakaTa-

likoso mamulebis mflobelobis simtki-

cis sigeli (domenti IV-m vaxtangis

iranSi yofnis dros scada samefo tax-

tis dakaveba!).463

dampyrobTa neba Cvens saeklesio cxov-

rebazec moqmedebda imave doziT, rogorc

osmaleTis imperiaSi arsebul sxva mar-

Tlmadidebel sapatriarqoebze.

459 iqve, gv . 91; 46 0 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. 1970, III, gv. 675; 46 1 n . berZeniSvili,`saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, t. VI, 1973, gv. 285; 462 iqve , gv. 284; 463 qse, 3, gv. 614.


1745 wlidan qarTl-kaxeTis samefo

taxtze qristiani mefis kvlav asvlis

Semdeg (Teimuraz II, erekle II), mTavar

saeklesio sakanonmdeblo organos kvla-

vindeburad adgilobrivi krebebi warmoad-

gendnen. magram, am dros, ukve mefeebi-

saTvis samagaliTo orientirad gadaiqca

is damokidebuleba saxelmwifo da saekle-

sio xelisuflebas Soris, romelic im epo-

qis ruseTis imperiaSi arsebobda. kerZod,

ruseTis msgavsad, saqarTveloSic Zalze

gaizarda saeklesio krebaTa dadgenile-

bebze mefeebis gavlena. magaliTad, an-

ton I-is Sesaxeb cnobil krebas (1755-

56 w.) mefe Teimurazi TviTon karnaxob-

da dadgenilebis saxes, Teimurazma da

ereklem krebis dadgenileba gamoaqvey-

nes kidec piradi gadawyvetilebis sax-

iT. Tumca, antonis dabrunebis Semdeg

krebebma TiTqmis kvlav daibrunes Zveli

saxe (es sakiTxi ganxilulia Sesabamisi

krebebis ganxilvisas).

aRsaniSnavia, rom dasavleT saqarTve-

los sakaTalikosoSi da, saerTod, dasav-

leT saqarTvelos samefosa da samTavroeb-

Si damokidebuleba saxelmwifo da sa-

suliero xelisuflebas Soris kvlav

Zvel qarTul saxes inarCunebda, ker-

Zod, Tu aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mah-

saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi XVIII saukunis

meore naxevarSi

madianebis gabatonebis gamo es wonas-

woroba irRveoda, dasavleT saqarTveloSi

igi SenarCunebuli iyo da TviT XIX s-

Si rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis

drosac ki arsebobda. igi sabolood moiS-

ala 1820-ian wlebSi, imereTis cnobili

`cerkovni buntis~ CaxSobis Semdeg. ma-

galiTad, imis Semdeg, rac rusebma im-

ereTidan gaaZeves mefe solomon II da

iq Seiyvanes saokupacio jarebi, aRmoa-

Cines, rom imereTis mosaxleoba imarTe-

boda romeliRac centridan, romelic av-

toritetuli iyo yvela fenisaTvis. Zie-

bam daadgina, rom arsebobda e.w. `sax-

el mw if o s a b Wo ~ , Se md ga r i oT x i

mRvdelmTavrisa (e.i. oTxi berisa) da

didebulebisagan (es sabWo jer kidev

mefe solomon II-is qveyanaSi yofnisas

misi TanammarTveli iyo). Cven migvaCnia,

rom am sabWoSi Semavali oTxi mRvdelmTa-

vari iyo gadmonaSTi qarTveli xelmwi-

fis karze myofi òTxi berisa~, romel-

ic darbazis da qveynis mmarTvel birTvs

Seadgenda da gamoscemda dadgenilebebs

(ix. Sesabamisi krebis ganxilva). Sesa-

Zloa, rusebma xalxSi avtoritetuli

am òTxi beris~ gavleniT daakompleqtes

saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora

òTxi wevriT~ (ix. qvemoT).


XIX s-is dasawyisSi (1801 w.) ruse-

Tis imperiam gaauqma saqarTvelos sax-

elmwifoebrioba da misi nawilebi Tavis

SemadgenlobaSi Seiyvana. amas Sedegad

mohyva saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefali-

is gauqmeba da misi moqceva ruseTis

uwmidesi sinodis mmarTvelobaSi. pro-

fesor a. cagarelis azriT, saqarTve-

los ruseTis mier aneqsirebis sakiTxi

s ae rT aSori so s a ma rTli s sfe ro s

ganekuTvneboda, xolo saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis daqvemdebareba uwmidesi sinodis

mier warmoadgenda saeklesio samarTlis

sakiTxs. am ori samarTlis ZiriTadi princ-

ipebi arsebiTad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTis-

agan, maSasadame, saqarTvelos ruseTTan

e.w. SeerTebiT ar SeiZleboda gamarTle-

ba misi avtokefalurobis gauqmebisa. amis

magaliTad a. cagarels mohyavda III msof-

lio krebis me-8 muxli, romelmac aseTi

daqvemdebareba ar dauSva, miuxedavad im-

isa, rom rogorc kviprosis eklesia, ise

antioqiis sapatriarqo erT, bizantiis

imperaSi mdebareobdnen teritoriulad.464

n. durnovosa da qarTveli episko-

posebis TvalsazrisiT, ruseTis uwmidesma

sinodma Caidina Semdegi saxis saekle-

sio ukanonoba: saqarTvelos eklesiis

dadgenilebebis da msoflio eklesiis

Tanxmobis gareSe gaauqma Zveli iveriis

sakaTalikoso, misi bolo kaTalikos-pa-

triarqi ZaldatanebiT gaasaxla ucxo

qveyanaSi, saqarTvelos eklesias Camo-

arTva mamulebi, gaauqma saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis adgilobrivi krebebi mTeli sauku-

nis manZilze (avtokefaliis aRdgenam-

saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis gauqmebisas

de), daavala saqarTvelos eklesias misi

krebis daudgenlad edResaswaula ruse-

Tis eklesiis wmidanTa dReebi, agzavni-

da saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelad eg-

zarqosebs da sxv.465 qarTuli eklesiis

Serwyma rusulTan im dros kanonikurad

ar momxdara, radganac es SeiZleboda

momxdariyo mxolod kanonikur safuZ-

velze, e.i. saqarTvelosa da ruseTis

eklesiaTa adgilobrivi krebebis gadaw-

yvetilebiT, aRmosavleTis patriarqTa

dasturiT, sinamdvileSi ki saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmebuli iqna

imperatoris neba-surviliT. jer kidev

1809 wlis 6 ivniss saqarTvelos mTa-

varmarTebelma generalma tormasovma

ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis winaSe daaye-

na sakiTxi saqarTvelos umaRlesi sa-

suliero sammarTvelo organos dikas-

teriis Seqmnis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kaTa-

likos-patriarq anton II-is daqvemde-

barebaSi. sabolood, imperatoris gada-

wyvetilebiT kaTalikosi anton II 1810

wlis 3 noembers iZulebiT gagzavnes

ruseTSi (faqtobrivad dapatimrebuli,

radganac miuyenes rusi mcvelebi, rom-

lebsac TiTqosda igi unda daecvaT, raTa

gzaze romelime batoniSvils ar moet-

acna). 1811 wlis TebervalSi generalma

tormasovma sTxova uwmides sinods Tavis

egzarqosad saqarTveloSi, kaTalikos-pa-

triarqis nacvlad, daeniSna arqiepisko-

posi varlam erisTavi. am ukanasknelma

Seadgina `proeqti saqarTvelos eklesi-

is gardasaqmnelad~, romelic daamtkica

imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma 1811 wlis

464 Öàãàðåëè À. Còàòúè è çàìåòêè ïî ãðóçèíñêîìó öåðêîâíîìó âîïðîñó, ÑÏÁ, 1912, ñ. XXII; 465 g.rogava, qristianuli religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi, 1801-1917 ww. 1997, gv. 111.


30 ivniss. am proeqtis Tanaxmad, saqarTve-

los eklesias saTaveSi unda Casdgomo-

da specialuri organo _ dikasteria,

romelSic mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad ar-

qimandritebica da dekanozebic unda Se-

suliyvnen. mcxeTisa da qarTlis mitro-

polits unda hqonoda uwmidesi sinodis

egzarqosis wodeba. varlam erisTavs

uboZes egzarqosoba da daumtkices ruse-

Tis uwmidesi sinodis wevroba. 46 6 es

moxda imperatoris brZanebiT.

18 14 wlis 30 agvistos Seiqmna

saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora

ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis daqvemdebare-

baSi. egzarqosi iwoda saqarTvelo-im-

ereTis egzarqosad, igi iyo Tavmjdomare

kantorisa. amasTanave, quTaisSi Seiqmna

dikasteria imereTis, samegrelosa da

guriis eklesiebis samarTavad. 1810-1811

wlebisaTvis aRmosavleT saqar-TveloSi

iyo Semdegi eparqiebi: 1. mcxeTis; 2.

sionis anu Tbilisis; 3. samTavros; 4.

ruisis; 5. walkis; 6. samTavisis; 7.

urbnisis; 8. niqozis; 9. alaverdis; 10.

ninowmindis; 11. rusTavis; 12. nekresis;

13. bodbis. maTi gamgeblobis qveS iyo

799 eklesia, 7 arqiepiskoposi, 746

mRvdeli, 146 diakvani, 661 eklesiis mom-

saxure, 75 beri, 6 arqimandriti (qv-

abTaxevisa, SiomRvimisa, ikorTisa, dav-

iT garejis ioane naTlismcemlisa, Sua-

mTisa, largvisisa da Tirisa467), imereTSi

iyo Se mdegi ep arqiebi : 1. quTaisis;

2. gaenaTis; 3. xonis; 4. raWis _ 620

eklesiiTa da 15 monastriT, samegrelo-

Si iyo 3 eparqia: 1. Wyondidis (martvi-

lis); 2. caiSis; 3. cageris - 233 ek-

lesiiT. guriaSi iyo erTi eparqia _

ozurgeTisa. afxazeTi Sedioda samegre-

los eparqiaSi. magaliTad, samegrelos

gaerTianebuli eparqiis mitropoliti

geronti papitaSvili (1859-1862) _ afx-

azeTis episkoposi iyo.

saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kan-

torasa da egzarqoss daevalaT Seem-

cirebinaT saqarTvelos samRvdeloebis

ricxvi, aRar moexdinaT axlebis kurTx-

eva, radganac imperiaSi miaCndaT, rom

maTi raodenoba isedac Zalze didi iyo.

aseve, Tavidanve miznad iyo dasaxuli

SeemcirebinaT saqarTveloSi saepiskopo-

soebis (eparqiebis) ricxvi. marTlac, saek-

lesio reformis Semdeg aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos 13 eparqia 2 eparqiad iqna

gaerTianebuli. imereTis 4 eparqia, 1819

wlis 19 noembris brZanebiT, 1 eparqiad

iqna gaerTianebuli, 1829 wlisaTvis

samegreloSi 3-is nacvlad 1 eparqia iqna

datovebuli, isic 1874 w. gaauqmes, mi-

uerTes imereTis kaTedras (samegrelos

episkoposs ewoda vikaruli episkoposi).

guriis (jumaTis) samitropolito 1833

wels SeuerTes imereTis eparqias. sxva-

dasxva wels sistematurad mimdinare-

obda eparqiaTa SeerTeba, gauqmeba da

kvlav aRdgena.468

ruseTis saxelmwifo xazinaSi ruse-

Tis imperiam gadaricxa saqarTvelos saek-

lesio miwebi, saerTo raodenobiT sul

539.649 desetina, agreTve, ruseTis saxa-

zino uwyebas gadaeca saeklesio glexe-

bi _ 15.147 komli. xazinisaTvis gada-

ce muli miwe b is f asi gan i sazR vra

680.031.250 maneTad (faqtobriv Rire-

bulebaze naklebad). am mamulebis sako-

mpensaciod saqarTvelos saegzarqosos

xazin ida n yov elwliurad e Zleoda

106.000 maneTi.469

466 g. rogava, qristianuli religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi, 1801-1917 ww. 1997, gv. 200; 467 iqve, gv.21; 468 iqve, gv. 25; 469 m. TadumaZe, saeklesio glexebis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi(XIX s. I naxevari). 1993, gv. 69.


saeklesio mamulebis saxazino fondSi

gadasvlis procesma gaiara 3 safexuri.

pirvel safexurze, 1811 wlidan 1841

wlamde, saeklesio aznaurebi TavianTi

yma-mamuliT gadairicxnen saxazino uw-

yebaSi, sekularizaciis meore etapi

moicavda 1843-1852 wlebs da ewodeboda

_ ùZravi saeklesio mamulebis saxazi-

no uwyebaSi gadasvla~. mesame etapze,

1853-1869 wlebSi, yvela dasaxlebuli

Tu dausaxlebeli saeklesio miwa sam-

udamod gadaeca saxazino mmarTvelobas,

kirionis azriT, amis sanacvlod sasuli-

ero uwyebas eniSneboda yovelwliuri Se-

mosavali 760.000 maneTi.470

rogorc rusuli saeklesio-samoqalaqo

kanonmdebloba gvamcnobs, ruseTis uw-

mides sinods uSualod emorCileboda ori

sinodaluri kantora : moskov isa da

saqarTvelo-imereTisa (Uhepbyj-Bvthtn-

bycrfz), saqarTvelos eparqiebisaTvis si-

nodis ganyofilebis movaleobas asruleb-

da ̀ saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kan-

tora~ egzarqosis meTaurobiT. irCevda

kandidatebs vakantur adgilebze da ud-

genda sinods dasamtkiceblad~.

1. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur

kantoras Tavmjdomareobda saqarTvelos

egzarqosi. am kantoris wevrebs niSnav-

da uwmidesi sinodi.471

2. egzarqosi iniSneboda umaRlesi

(e.i. saimperatoro) brZanebulebiT, uw-

midesi sinodis wevris wodebiT (1811 wlis

30 ivlisis da 1817 wlis 14 martis

brZanebulebiT).

3. saqarTvelo-imereTis kantora, uw-

midesi sinodis mier dakisrebul uSua-

lo movaleobaTa garda, ixilavda agreTve

eparqialuri mRvdelmTavrebisagan miRe-

bul saqmeebs (egzarqatis farglebSi) da

wyvetda maT wevrebis saerTo Tanxmo-

biT. uTanxmoebis SemTxvevaSi, gadascem-

da uwmides sinods.472

4. unda hyoloda uSualo meTvaly-

ureobis qveS adgilobrivi berZnuli sam-

Rvdeloeba, nebismieri darRveva unda

ecnobebina sinodisaTvis, raTa mas Tavis

mxriv euwyebina patriarqebisaTvis da,

saerTod, aRmosavleTis eklesiebisa da

monastrebis saqmeebze, romelnic Sediod-

nen egzarqatis sazRvrebSi, kontroli

unda daewesebina.472 (igulisxmeba, rom

saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi aRmosavle-

Tis, e.i. antioqia-ierusalimis patri-

arqebs TavianTi eklesia-monastrebi da

mamulebi hqondaT).

5. kantoras evaleboda RvTismsaxurTa

gasamarTleba da SeeZlo maTTvis dana-

SaulisaTvis wodebis CamorTmeva.472

6. gascemda metrikul mowmobebs da

samRvdeloTa mier gacemulT amowmebda.

7. mis gamgeblobaSi Sedioda qarTl-

kaxeTis (saqarTvelos), imereTisa da

samegrelos yvela saeklesio qoneba, misi

yvela SemosavliTa da gasavliT, amito-

mac iRebda yvela mRvdelmTavrisagan

angariSebs eparqiaTa mixedviT da yovel-

wliurad amis Sesaxeb cnobas aZlevda

uwmides sinods.472

8. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri

kantoris kancelaria imyofeboda uwmidesi

sinodis oberprokuroris mier gamorCeuli

prokuroris uwyebaSi.472

saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kan-

toras ufro meti uflebamosileba hqonda,

vidre moskovisas.

saerTod, TviTon uwmidesi sinodi

dawesda gauqmebuli rusuli sapatri-

470 g. rogava, qristianuli religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi, 1997, gv. 28; 471 Îáoçðåíèå Öåðêîâíî-ãðàæäàíñêèõ óçàêîíåíèé, ÑÏÁ, 1900, ñ. 95; 472 iqve, gv. 95.


arqo mmarTvelobis (1588-1700 ww.) san-

acvlod, 1721 wels imperator petre I-

is brZanebiT. uwmides sinods urTier-

Toba ministrebsa da umaRles saero

pirebTan unda hqonoda sinodis ober-

prokuroris saSualebiT. ruseTSi patri-

arqobis Semdeg deformirebul iqna iqam-

de rusul saxelmwifosa da eklesias

Soris arsebuli simfonia. saxelmwifo

warmarTavda yovelgvar saeklesio saqmi-

anobas, mkacrad akontrolebda saekle-

sio cxovrebas. krebebs aRar iwvevdnen.

maT nacvlad dadgenil iqna e.w. `mcire

kreba _ uwmidesi sinodi~, romelic ga-

daiqca saeklesio xelisuflebis umaRles

organod. amave dros uwmidesi sinodi

iyo saxelmwifo dawesebuleba, senatis,

saxelmwifo sabWos, anda ministrTa kabi-

netis msgavsad. sinodis yvela dadge-

nileba gamodioda tvifriT: `misi imper-

atorobiTi udidebulesobis brZanebiT~,

misi vizireba unda moexdina agreTve

sinodis oberprokurors.473

rogorc aRiniSna, 1815 wlidan dikas-

teria quTaisSic unda daarsebuliyo,

magram Seqmnili viTarebis gamo rusul-

ma xelisuflebam ver SeZlo dasavleT

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis

gauqmeba. mas meTaurobda afxazTa kaTa-

likosis adgilze mjdomi mitropoliti

dosiTeos quTaTeli (wereTeli), romel-

sac 1798 wels solomon II-m uboZa kaTa-

likosoba, magram dosiTeosma faqtobri-

vad ar ineba am umaRlesi titulis miReba,

radganac surda saqarTvelos eklesiuri

gaerTianeba qarTlis kaTalikos-patri-

arqis erTmTavrobiT. qveynis politikuri

gaerTianebis momxre iyo gaenaTeli mit-

ropoliti eqvTime (efTvime ServaSiZe,

guriis erisTavis Svili).

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio

qoneba aRweres da igi saqarTvelo-im-

ereTis sinodalur kantoras dauqvemde-

bares. imereTSi rusebs eklesiis qonebis

aRwera xalxma ar daaneba, miuxedavad

egzarqos varlamisa da 1817 wlidan eg-

zarqos Teofane rusanovis mcdelobisa.

imereTis saeklesio ajanyeba usastike-

sad C aaxSv es 1820 wels. e klesiis

damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli mitro-

polit dosiTeos quTaTelis Sesaxeb

gaica brZaneba: ̀ Tu cocxali igdeT xelT

_ mokaliT, magram misi cxedari mand ar

datovoT, saqarTvelos gareT unda dav-

marxoT~. dosiTeosi cemiT mokles toma-

raSi xel-fexSekruli.

eqvTime gaenaTeli Seipyres da novgor-

odSi gadaasaxles . imereTis oTxi

saepiskoposo gauqmda da maT nacvlad

Seiqmna erTi eparqia _ 618 eklesiiT, 15

monastriT, 693 mRvdliT, 1.800 saekle-

sio glexis komliT, 130 saeklesio azn-

auris komliT, 186 saeklesio aznaureb-

is glexebis komliT, saeklesio qoneba

imarTeboda saeklesio mouravebis insti-

tutis mier.474 `saqarTvelo-imereTis si-

nodaluri kantora saqarTvelos egzar-

qosis TavmjdomareobiT~ Sedgeboda oTxi

wevrisagan: 3 arqimanrditi da 1 dekanozi.775

saqarTvelos saegzarqosos umTavre-

si mizani iyo aTaswleulTa manZilze

dagrovili qarTuli saeklesio qonebis

gadacema ruseTis xazinisaTvis, rasac

miaRwies XIX s-is 50-ian wlebSi, amis

Semdeg umTavres orientirad daisaxa

qarTveli xalxis garuseba rusuli saek-

lesio mmarTvelobis meSveobiT. am epo-

qaSi rusuli eklesia da misi nawili

saqarTvelos saegzarqoso imperiuli

mmarTvelobis Semadgeneli erTeuli iyo.

473 Îáoçðåíèå Öåðêîâíî-ãðàæäàíñêèõ óçàêîíåíèé, ÑÏÁ, 1900, ñ. 111; 474 g. vaWriZe, imereTis droebiTimmarTveloba, 1999 w. gv. 250 ; 475 Â. Öûïèí, öåðêîâíîå ïðàâî, ñ. 237-238.


1917 wlis krebebma (marti-seqtem-

beri) aRadgina saqarTvelos eklesiis av-

tokefalia, mas saTaveSi Caudga uwmide-

si da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTalikos-patriarqi.

am krebebiT daiwyo axali periodi

Cveni erisa da eklesiis cxovrebaSi,

kvlavindeburad aRdgenil iqna adgilo-

brivi saeklesio krebebis, rogorc umaR-

lesi sakanonmdeblo organoebis mowve-

va. 1917 wlidan 1995 wlis CaTvliT

krebaTa angariSebi mocemulia Sesabamis

adgilze. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia is

krebebi, romelTac gamosces `marTva-gam-

geobis debulebebi~. isini 1917, 1920,

1928, 1945, 1995 wlebSi gamoica.

miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos ek-

lesias samarTlis sferoSi ukve aRar

eWira is adgili, romelic tradiciuli

iyo misTvis, vidre TiTqmis avtokefali-

is gauqmebamde.

ruseTis wmida sinodisa da imperiis

saxelmwifo moxeleebisaTvisac ki cno-

bili iyo is faqti, rom XX s-is av-

tokefaluri moZraoba miznad isaxavda

ara mxolod saeklesio damoukideblo-

bis aRdgenas, aramed mis saboloo mi-

zans warmoadgenda saqarTvelos saxelmwi-

foebriobis aRdgena (`Tavisufal ekle-

sias gverdiT amovuyenoT damoukidebeli

saqarTvelo~ _ leonides sityvebia).

avtokefaluri moZraobis wiaRSi war-

moiSva idea saqarTvelos administraci-

uli gaerTianebisa. saqme is iyo, rom

imJamad arsebobda Tbilisisa da quTai-

sis guberniebi, soxumis, zaqaTalasa da

baTumis okrugebi, magram erTiani admin-

saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg

istraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~ ar

arsebobda. qarTveli eris konsolidaci-

isaTvis am ueWvelad pirvelxarisxovan

problemas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

miapyro 1904-1917 wlebSi Catarebulma

uamravma, TiTqmis 100-ze metma saekle-

sio krebam, ufro metic, swored qarTu-

li eklesiis wiaRSi da masTan daaxloe-

bul inteligentTa wreebSi Camoyalibda

axali idea, rom ruseTis imperiis wiaR-

Si ara mxolod Camoyalibebuliyo ad-

ministraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~,

aramed mas hqonoda saxelmwifoebrivi

avtonomiac. saqarTvelos avtonomiis moT-

xovnas sastikad ewinaaRmdegebodnen saqar-

TveloSi imJamad liderobis mqone so-

cialisturi orientaciis partiebi, sa-

qarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis

Semdeg, 1918-1921 wlebSi arsebul sax-

elmwifos saTaveSi Caudgnen iqamde misi

Tavisuflebis mowinaaRmdege socialiste-

bi (menSevikebi), amasTan, isini aRmoCnd-

nen mkveTrad gamoxatuli aTeisturi

orientaciisa (iseve , rogorc maTi Tana-

partieli bolSevikebi ruseTSi), amis gamo

moxda ise, rom sabWoTa ruseTis mier

saqarTvelos okupaciamde (25.02.1921)

ramdenime dRiT adre xelisuflebam mi-

iRo saqarTvelos konstitucia, romel-

Sic mTlianad iyo ignorirebuli saqar-

Tvelos aTaswlovani samociqulo ekle-

sia, ufro metic, saqarTvelos saxelm-

wifos Semqmneli mravalmilioniani qarTve-

li xalxis erovnuli sarwmunoeba – mar-

Tlmadidebloba gaTanabrebuli iyo qvey-

anaSi arsebul mcire samwysos mqone sxva-

dasxva konfesiebTan. ase, rom saqarTve-


los saxelmwifos Seqmnis erT-erTi ini-

ciatori da misTvis ideurad Tavdadeb-

iT mebrZoli qarTuli eklesia ̀ gamoyves~

saxelmwifosagan . amiT mTlianad gada-

Wres eklesiis normaluri arsebobisa da

ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro ekonomikuri

ZarRvi. qarTuli eklesia kerZo orga-

nizaciad gadaiqca. amgvar qmedebebs Sed-

egad mohyva qveyanaSi erovnul-patri-

otuli suliskveTebis dacema, nihilizmi,

ramac gauadvila ruseTs saqarTvelos

xelmeore okupacia da aneqsireba 1921

wels, Camoyalibda axali urTierToba

eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris. XX

s-Si arsebul am urTierTobas kargad

gamoxatavs `saqarTvelos sabWoTa so-

cialisturi respublikis kanonmdebloba

eklesiis Sesaxeb~, kerZod, misi me-11

muxlis Tanaxmad èklesia CamoSorebu-

lia saxelmwifos, skola _ eklesias~.

1921 wlis 15 aprils dekretis `sax-

elmwifos eklesiisa da eklesiisagan sko-

lis gamoyofis Sesaxeb~ me-14 muxlis Tanax-

mad, `saeklesio da religiur sazogadoe-

bebs ara aqvT neba kerZo sakuTrebis flo-

bisa, agreTve iuridiuli pirovnebebis

uflebasac moklebulni arian~. msgavsia

am dekretis yvela muxli, sinamdvile-

Si, eklesiaze uxeSad zemoqmedebda sa-.

xelmwifo Tavisi damsjeli manqanis

meSveobiT, romlis erT xilul nawils

XX s-is meore naxevarSi `religiur

saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati~ ewoda.

XX s-is 90-ian wlebSi ssrk-is rRve-

vis Sedegad kvlav warmoiSva damoukide-

beli saqarTvelos saxelmwifo. samwux-

arod, jerjerobiT ar Cans arsebiTi niSani

imisa, rom simfon iuri urTierToba

erovnul eklesiasa da erovnul sax-

elmwifos Soris, romelic damaxasiaTe-

beli iyo Zvel saqarTvelosaTvis, kv-

lav aRdges, rom eklesia ar iyos kanon-

mdeblobiT gamoyofili saxelmwifoebriv-

saqveyno cxovrebidan . arc im faqts

eqceva yuradReba, rom msoflios um-

ravles demokratiul qveynebSi arseboben

èrovnuli~, `saxalxo~ saxelmwifoe-

brivi statusis mqone eklesiebi, romelT-

ac miniWebuli aqvT ufleba kurirebd-

nen aRzrda-ganaTlebisa da socialur

sistemebs, yuradReba miapyron xalxis

moralur-zneobrivi saxis gaumjobese-

bas. risTvisac eZlevaT Sesabamisi sub-

sidiebi, imedia, es mdgomareoba CvenSic

gaumjobesdeba.

am mxriv did imeds gvisaxavs 2002

wlis 14 oqtombers saqarTvelos uw-

midesi da unetaresi kaTolikos-patri-

arqis ilia II-isa da saqarTvelos prez-

identis mier xelmowerili ̀ konstituci-

uri SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos saxelmwi-

fosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo ek-

lesiis avtokefalur marTlmadidebel ek-

lesias Soris~. es dokumenti damtkice-

bulia parlamentisa da wmida sinodis

mier da amJamad ZalaSia Sesuli.


saqarTvelos eklesiis

sakanonmdeblo

krebebi

n a w i l i m e o r e



ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba (1103-1104)

ruis-urbnisis cnobil saeklesio kre-

bas mravali gamokvleva miuZRvnes gamoCe-

nilma qarTvelma mecnierebma. ivane jav-

axiSvilis azriT, igi ̀ Cveulebrivi, morigi

kreba ki ara, aramed sagangebo da gan-

sakuTrebuli yriloba yofila~.476

unda aRiniSnos, rom e. gabiZaSvili

krebis mowvevis TariRad miiCnevs 1105

wels.477 tradiciuli TvalsazrisiT, es

kreba 1103 wels moiwvia daviT aRmaSene-

belma. r. metrevelis mixedviT, kreba

mowveul iqna 1104 wels.478 1103 wliT

krebis daTariRebas xels TiTqosda is

uSlis, rom krebis Zegliswera asea dasa-

Taurebuli: `Zegliswera wmidisa da Rm-

rTivSekrebulisa krebisa~, romeli Semo-

krba brZanebiTa keTilad msaxurisa da

RmrTiv dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa daviT

afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa

mefisaYTa, pirTaTKs, romelni quemo moPse-

nebul arian~.479 miRebuli TvalsazrisiT

ki, 1103 wlisaTvis kaxeT-hereTi mefes

mierTebuli ar hqonda, maSasadame, arc

Sesabamisi tituli gaaCnda, magram am

Zeglisweris dasaTaureba SeiZleba gvi-

ani periodis iyos. saerTod ki, k. kekel-

iZis azriT, `Zegliswera~ metad sayu-

radRebo naSTia qarTuli iuridiuli mw-

erlobisa da ara marto qarTulis, aramed

sazogadoisac, ramdenadac imaSi aRibeWda

sazogado saeklesio-iuridiuli normebi~.480

Zegliswera iwyeba saRvTismetyvelo

vrceli SesavliT. saqarTveloSi qris-

tianobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb masSi gad-

mocemulia fundamenturi Tvalsazrisi,

rom andria mociqulma mxolod dasav-

leT, anda samxreT saqarTveloSi ki ar

iqadaga, aramed `mTel saqarTveloSi~ da

mis dros ara qarTvelTa erTma jgufma

miiRo qristianoba qveynis romelime kuTx-

eSi _ aramed mTeli qarTveli eris ume-

tesobam. II-III ss-Si qristianoba idevne-

boda da qristianTa ricxvic Semcirda,

amitomac saWiro Seiqna wmida ninos qad-

ageba, samefo saxlis moqceva. Zegliswera

yuradRebas miapyrobs, rom wm. ninom

mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelo ki ar

gaanaTla, aramed sruliad saqarTvelo,

mTeli qarTveli eri. Tu raoden didm-

niSvnelovania aseTi Tvalsazrisi, iqidan-

ac Cans, rom dResac ki wm. ninos aRmo-

savleT saqarTveloSi moRvawed da mefe

mirians aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefed

miiCneven, Zeglisweris mixedviT ki mefe

miriani sruliad saqarTvelos mefe iyo

da mis dros rogorc dasavleTma, ise

aRmosavleT saqarTvelom erTdroulad

miiRo qristianoba. ase rom, XI-XII ss-

Ta saqarTveloSi erovnuli TviTSemec-

neba, erisa da qveynis sulieri mTlianobis

Segneba gacilebiT ufro maRal doneze

idga, vidre Semdgom, dRevandel dRem-

de. Sesabamisi teqsti aseTia: `...pirvel-

wodebuli andria, Zma Tavisa mociqul-

TaYsa petresi, vidre Cvendamdeca moi-

wia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadageba sax-

arebisa yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloY-

sasa da uricxvni simravleni erTani gana-

Sora sacdurisagan... umravlesman erman

qarTlisaman simravlesa Sina Jamisasa daivi-

wya qadagebaY igi mociqulTaY da sac-

Turisave mimarT kerpTaYsa miaqcia~.481

476 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VI, 1982, gv. 54; 477 e. gabiZaSvili, ruis-urbnisis saeklesiokreba, jvari vazisa, 1989, #1, gv. 58; 478 qse , 8, gv. 468; 479 `didi sjuliskanoni~, 1975, gv. 543;480 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, 1980, t. 1, gv. 571; 481 `didi sjuliskanoni~,1975, gv. 545.


amitomac, RmerTma mogvivlina wmida nino,

romelmac `sarwmunoebasa mimarT TKsisa

miizida yoveli savsebaY yovlisa qarTvel-

Ta naTesavisaY~.482 mis qadagebaTa Semdgom

qarTvelTa mefem mirianma konstantine di-

dis nebiT mcxeTaSi Camoiyvana antioqie-

li patriarqi evstaTi: `wmidaTa mier

xelTa misTa naTel-iRo man da yovelman

erman qarTlisaman~.482 rogorc aRvniS-

neT, teqstSi xazgasmulia mTeli qarTveli

erisa da mTeli saqarTvelos erTdrou-

li gaqristianeba Savi zRvidan somxeT-

albaneTamde. aRsaniSnavia, rom es wyaro

`saqarTvelos~ uwodebs mTel qarTvel-

Ta qveyanas, rogorc mociqulTa, ise wm.

ninos dros. amJamad ki zogierTi mkvle-

vari krZalavs sityva `saqarTvelos~ mox-

seniebas XI s-mde. maTi mtkicebiT, es

termini TiTqosda mxolod XI s-Si gaCn-

da da amitomac mxolod mis Semdeg unda

iqnes gamoyenebuli istoriuli faqtebis

gadmocemisas. rogorc aRiniSna, ruis-urb-

nisis Zegliswera mociqulTa da wm. ni-

nos droindel qarTvelTa qveyanas rogorc

dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT nawilebs

`saqarTvelos~ uwodebs. amitomac CvenTvis

swored Zeglisweris midgoma unda iyos

arsebiTi da ara aRniSnuli mkvlevarebi-

sa, amitomac ̀ saqarTvelo~ unda vuwodoT

qarTvelTa qveyanas XI s-mdec.

aRsaniSnavia meore terminologiuri

midgomac. amJamad miCneulia, rom qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurs `kaTolikosi~ ewodeba

V s-is Semdeg da am sityvasTan akav-

Sireben qarTuli eklesiis avtokefali-

is mopovebas, magram ruis-urbnisis kre-

bis Zegliswera `kaTalikoss~ uwodebs

qarTuli eklesiis pirvelive meTaurs IV

s-Si. antioqielma evstaTim pirveli

qarTuli eklesiis aSenebis Semdeg, `xe-

ldasxmul-yo mas Sina maTTvis episko-

posi-kaTolikosi~.483 aseve efrem mcirec

`kaTalikoss~ uwodebs qarTuli eklesi-

is pirvel meTaurs IV s-Si. marTlac,

IV s-Si qristianobis saxelmwifoebrivi

aRiareba da mTeli qveynis momcveli

qarTuli eklesiis organizeba, misi mkacri

ierarqiuli struqturidan gamomdinare,

swored imas gulisxmobda, rom mefis

qalaqSi mjdomi episkoposi iqca qveynis

sayovelTao ierarqad, sayovelTao episko-

posad, romelsac unda daqvemdebarebod-

nen qveynis provinciaTa episkoposebi.

`kaTalikosi~ swored sayovelTao episko-

poss erqva berZnulad, amitomac Tuki

qristianoba namdvilad saerTo-saxalxo

sarwmunoebad iqca IV s-Si da imave dros

organizebul iqna qarTuli eklesia, mis

pirvel mRvdelmTavars sayovelTao sa-

suliero Zalaufleba unda gaevrcelebina

kidec mTel qveyanaze. qarTuli eklesi-

is meTauris dadgenis cnobis mowodebis

Semdeg, `Zegliswera~ exeba msoflio

krebaTa kanonebs, gadmoscems maT da

agreTve eklesiis wmida mamaTa mier

gamocemul kanonebsac. kerZod, ruis-urb-

nisis kreba aRiarebs Svidi msoflio kre-

bis, adgilobrivi krebebisa da mamaTa

mier mocemul kanonebs, ès aris wmida

da saeklesio kanonTa krebuli, dabeWd-

ili da Senaxuli yovelgvari Sematebisa

da moklebis gareSe. amaTi codna, miyo-

la da mtkiced pyroba marTebs yvela

qristianul madideblobis winamZRvar

mRvdelmTavars, mRvdlebsa da diakvnebs,

Cven Soris moZRvrad saxeldebul mon-

azvnebs da mTlianad da sruliad mar-

TlmadidebelT eklesias~.484

amis Semdeg `Zegliswera~ gadmoscems

macxovris qveynad mosvlis mizezebsa da

482 `didi sjuliskanoni~, 1975, gv. 546; 483 iqve , gv. 546; 484 `didi sjuliskanoni, saqarTveloseklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 466.


mniSvnelobas, Tu rogor `mogveca pirve-

lad bunebiTi da merme dawerili rju-

li~. aRwers, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba

aqvs `qristesmoyvare eris sasuliero

dasTan erTxmobas~, rom àmisTvis iqna

qristesmoyvare da RvTivdaculi mefeeb-

is mier RvTismoyvare episkoposebis da

RvTis saTnomyofeli mamebis krebebis

mowveva drodadro, rom saqmiT srulyo-

fili sarwmunoebiT RmerTTan SeaerTon

qristianebi~,385 rom maTi magaliTisame-

br daviT aRmaSenebelma gadawyvita moewvia

saeklesio kreba. iqve kidev erTxel xaz-

gasmiT aRiniSna, rom kreba sarwmunoe-

brivi sakiTxebis ganxilvas ar eZRvnebo-

da, radganac qarTvelTa sarwmunoeba

ubiwo iyo warsulSi da arc arasodes

raime biwi ar Sexebia. maSasadame, kreba

Sedga saeklesio tradiciis Sesabamis-

ad, rogorc warsulSi RvTismoyvare me-

feebi iwvevdnen krebebs.

àmitom Seikriba RvTismoyvare episko-

posTa, patiosan mRvdelTa, Rirs diak-

vanTa, qristesmoyvare monazonTa, dayude-

bulTa da meudabnoeTa kreba qarTlis

midamoebSi, or axlos mdebare saepisko-

posoSi ruissa da urbnisSi. qarTvelTa

ubiwo sarwmunoebas raime biwi ar Sexe-

bia, es RmerTma nu qnas! ar gecruvnebiT

Sen, Cveni siwmidiT mSobelo wmida ka-

Tolike eklesiav, arca gagcemT Sen Cveno

siamayev – marTlmadideblobav, romli-

saTvisac arasodes gviRalatia, rac misi

Secnobis Rirsni gavxdiT, da risi mow-

mec WeSmaritebaa. es Sekreba moxda sxva,

saeklesio, samRvdelo da saqristiano

sakiTxebis ZiebisaTvis~.485

àra gecruvnebiT Sen, siwmidiT mSo-

belo Cveno kaTolike eklesiao, arca

gangceT Sen, siqadulo Cveno marTlma-

dideblobao~.486 krebas Tavmjdomareob-

da ̀ yovlisa saqarTveloYsa didi mamamTa-

vari (e.i. patriarqi) yovlad Rirsi mTa-

varepiskoposi-kaTalikosi~ ioane, e.i. io-

ane iyo patriarqi (mamamTavari), kaTa-

likosi da mTavarepiskoposi.

krebam Tavis mier gamocemuli kanon-

ebis 1-li muxliT gankveTa uRirsi episko-

poseb i, romlebic `Rirseulad ver

atarebdnen mRvdelmTavris pativs~. isi-

ni krebas arc wyevliT `Seukravs~ da

arc SeuCvenebia, aramed misca eriska-

cebTan erTad ziarebis neba. isini unda

yofiliyvnen mefis mowinaaRmdege episko-

posebi. maT nacvlad SeirCnen sxvebi _

àsakiTac da saqmiTac sarwmunoni~.

krebis kanonebis me-2 muxlic episko-

posTa asaks Seexeba, rom araa saWiro

maTi kurTxevis dros sulmokleoba da

aCqareba. dadginda: episkoposi xel-

dasxmul iqnes 35 wlisa, mRvdeli 30

wlisa, diakvani 25 wlisa, wignismkiTx-

veli 8 wlisa (e. gabiZaSvilis mixedviT

ara 8, aramed 18 wlisa).

me-3 muxliT aikrZala uwesoba, roca

vinme erTsa da imave dRes iRebda xel-

dasxmas wignismkiTxvelad, ipodiakvnad,

diakvnad da episkoposadac. Tu raime saWiro

mizezi ar aris asaCqareblad, kandidatebma

`weli da wlebi unda dayon TiToeul

xarisxSi, ufro metad diakvnobaSi~.*

me-4 muxliT eklesiebSi gamosayene-

blad dakanonda giorgi mTawmidelis mier

Targmnili `didi kurTxevani~.

me-5 muxliT aikrZala meqrTameoba xel-

dasxmisas (simonia). damnaSave ganikveTeboda.

485 `didi sjuliskanoni, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 467; 486 `didi sjuliskanoni~,1975, gv. 549.

* SeniSvna: muxlebs vixilavT e. gabiZaSvilis dayofis mixedviT


me-6 muxliT aikrZala nivTebis, siw-

mideTa WurWlis, eklesiis qonebisa da

oqro-vercxlis moxmareba raime saqmis-

aTvis, `tyveTa gamosaxsneladac ki~.

me-7 muxliT aikrZala eklesiis ga-

reT naTliscema, qorwineba, monazvnad

aRkveca da sxv.

me-8 muxliT gvirgvinis pirvelad da

meored kurTxevis Jams nefe-dedoflis

ziarebis neba gaica.

me-9 muxliT ganisazRvra, rom meo-

red gvirgvinis kurTxevis Semdeg mRvde-

li ar unda misuliyo qorwilis su-

fraze. meored jvriswera nebadarTuli

iyo, magram eklesiisaTvis ar iyo saTno.

me-10 muxliT dadginda akrZalva Cvili

bavSvebis jvriswerisa, magram maT mSoblebs

neba miecaT Cvili qal-vaJis daniSvnisa.

srulwlovanebis miRebis Semdeg ki neba

eZleodaT jvriswerisa, am dros qali ar

unda yofiliyo 12 welze umcrosi.

me-11 muxli exeboda qorepiskoposebs.

isini sjulis da wignis mcodneni da

uangaroni unda yofiliyvnen.

me-12 muxliT Semcirda monastrebSi

e.w. `moZRvrebis~ ricxvi (eseni iyvnen

`rjulis mcodneni~, `merCuleni~), maTi

simravle iyo `mravali SfoTisa da ganx-

eTqilebis mizezi~ monasterSi mxolod

erTi moZRvari (didSi ki SeiZleba oric)

unda yofiliyo (iqamde erT monasterSi

5-dan 30-mde iyvnen).

me-13 muxliT aikrZala monastrebSi

vaWroba, e.i. eris savaWro Sekreba.

m e - 1 4 muxl iT d ad g i nd a : è r T

sakurTxevelTan erTi da imave Sesawiravis

SewirviT mravali sulisaTvis mravali

mRvdlis mier Jamiswirva wesi ar aris

da ukugdebulia~.487 dadginda, rom wir-

va dayenebuliyo ara erTi romelime pir-

isaTvis, aramed yvela qristianisaTvis.

erTi kacisaTvis (cocxlis an micvale-

bulisaTvis) wirvis dayeneba SeiZlebo-

da mxolod p atara samkveTloSi an

egvterSi (eklesiis StoSi).

me-15 muxliT dadginda marTlmadide-

blobaSi Sesuli yofili monofizitis

(ZvelqarTuliT `xaCecaris~) monaTvla.

me-16 muxliT aikrZala marTlmadide-

blebis qorwineba aramarTlmadideblebTan.

me-17 muxlSi aRniSnulia, rom didka-

cobaSi Sesula Cveva ̀ kidis-kide~ jvriswer-

isa, roca jvrisweris dros siZe sxva

adgilas iyo, dedofali ki sxva sofelsa

Tu qalaqSi. maT jvars werdnen aseTi

saxiT: siZesTan dgeboda dedoflis war-

momadgeneli mamakaci, qalTan ki siZis war-

momadgeneli mamakaci, romelTac jvars

werdnen. jvrisweris aseTi saxe, ivane jav-

axiSvilis Tanaxmad, im droisaTvis miRe-

buli yofila dasavleT evropaSi. qarTulma

eklesiam igi akrZala gankanonebiT.

me-18 muxlSi naTqvamia, rom sodomelTa

codvam daamxo sparsTa, midielTa, somex-

Ta da sxva samefoebi. àr viciT rogor

SemoaRwia am ukeTurebam qristes moR-

vawed saxeldebul erSi~, e.i. saqarTvelo-

Si. muxlSi aRiniSna, rom am codvis mqnelni

àr daimkvidreben kurTxevas~.

me-19 muxli mimarTulia xatebis

Tayvaniscemis uarmyofelTa winaaRmdeg:

`cxadia, RvTis xatis Tayvanismcemeli

RmerTs scems Tayvans misi saSualebiT

da RvTis xatis maginebeli RmerTs ag-

inebs ueWvelad, rogorc wers amas wmi-

daTa Soris didi basili~.488 xatmebrZo-

li gankveTiT daisjeboda.

krebis mdivani yofila `mefe daviTis

monazoni arseni~, romelmac, Cans, kreb-

is oqmi miarTva mefes Sesabamisi miZRvniT,

487 `didi sjuliskanoni~, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 471; 488 iqve, gv. 474.


rac Tan axlavs `Zeglisweras~. krebam

mravalJamieri sicocxle usurva mefe-ded-

oflebsa da eklesiis meTaurebs, saukuno

xseneba usurva Rirs saeklesio moRvaweebs.

ruis-urbnisis kreba gvaZlevs msoflio

da adgilobriv krebaTa Semdeg CamonaTvals:

I. ̀ mefeman kostantine Sekriba pirveli

da msoflioY wmidaY krebaY nikeas samas

aT rva metTa wmidaTa mamaTani, romel-

Ta dasxnes kanonni ricxKT ocni~.489

II. `meore wmidaY da msoflio kre-

baY kostantinopolis asergasisTa wmi-

daTa mamaTaY, romelTa kanonni arian

ricxKT Svid~.489

III. `mesame efesoYsa wmidaY da msoflioY

kreba mcirisa Tevdosis mefisa mier Sekrebu-

li, romelman dasxna kanonni rvani~.489

IV. ̀ meoTxe xalkidons eqvsas ocdaaT-

Ta wmidaTa mamaTaY msoflioY krebaY ke-

Tilad msaxurisa markiane mefisa mier

Semokrebuli da ganmawesebeli kanonTa

ricxKT ocdarvaTaY~.489

V. ̀ mexuTeman wmidaman da msoflioman

kostantinopolis Sekrebulman krebaman

mcired izruna saeklesioTa kanonTa gan-

wesebisaTKs~.489

VI. ̀ meequseman wmidaman da msoflioman

krebaman iustinianes ze keTilad msax-

urisa mefisa gumbadsa Sina sameufoYsa

palatisasa Sekrebulman aRavso dakle-

buli misi... dasxna kanonni ricxKT as da

orni, kualad nikiisa meoreman wmidaman

krebaman dasxna kanonni aT rva metni~.489

VII. `wmidasa da meSvidesa wmidaTa xat-

TaTvis Sekrebulsa msofliosa krebasa

ganuwesebian kanonni ricxKT samni oden.490

ruis-urbnisis kreba aRniSnulTa gar-

da C amoTvlis Se mde g àdgilobiT~

krebebs I msoflio krebamde: _ `pirve-

li ankKrias, romelsa daesxnes kanonni

489 `didi sjuliskanoni~, 1975, gv. 546; 490 iqve , gv. 547; 491 iqve, gv. 547.

ocdaoTxni~; 489 ̀ meore neokesarias, dam-

sxmeli kanonTa aToTxmetTaY.489

I msoflio krebis Semdeg àdgilobi-

Ti krebani~: _ ̀ RangrisaY, romlisa kanon-

ni arian oc~;489 àntioqiisaY, damsxmeli

kanonTa ocdaxuTTa~;489 `laodikiisaY ,

frigvisaY da kanonni misni ocdaerTni~.489

IV msoflio krebis Semdeg àdgilo-

biTi kreba~: _ `karTagenisaY da kanonni

misni asocdaaTrvametni~.489

`gumbadis~ (trulis) krebis Semdeg:

_ àrian sxuanica orni masve sameufosa

qalaqsa eklesiasa Sina wmidaTa da yov-

lad qebulTa mociqulTasa Sekrebulni

krebani, romelTa ganuCenian kanonni

ricxKT aTSvidmetni~.491

msoflio krebaTa kanonebis Semdeg

ruis-urbnisis kreba CamoTvlis `mamaTa

mier ganwesebul~ kanonebs:

1. `dionKsios aleqsandriel mTavar-

episkoposisa kanonni oTxni~;491

2. `petre aleqsandrielTa mRvdelT-

mTavrisa da mowamisa kanonni aTxuT metni~;

3. `grigoli episkoposisa neokesari-

elisa sakvirvelTmoqmedisa epistole

kanoniani~;

4. ` d id i s a b a s i l i s k a n o n n i

oTxmeocdaxuTni~, misive ̀ kanoniani epis-

toleebi~: diodores, grigol xucis,

`xorepiskoposTa~, `mis queSeTa episko-

posTa~, àmfiloqes mimarT~;

5. `grigoli noselisa kanonni rvani~;

6. timoTe aleqsandrielisa kanonni

aTxuTmetni;

7. filoTeos aleqsandrielis sity-

va, 10 kanoni, 3 epistole;

8. kirile aleqsandrieli mTavar-

episkoposis 7 kanoni;

9. wm. genadi konstantinopoleli pa-

triarqis epistole.491


`Zegliswera~ _ ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi

[ZeglisweraQ ruis-urbnisis krebisaQ][1103 w.]

ZeglisweraQ wmidisa da RmrTiv Sekrebulisa krebisaQ, romeli SemokrbabrZanebiTa keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa

daviT afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa mefisasa,pirTaTDs romelni quemo moHsenebul arian.

[sruli teqsti]

yovlisave xilulisa da uxilavisa soflisa da yovelTave sacnaurTa da grZno-badTa bunebaTa araarsisagan arsebad momyvanebelman RmerTman uxilavTa maT dazesTa soflisaTa ZalTa bunebaQ ukudavebiTa da uxrwnelebiTa Seamko; xolo quenaQsaamis soflisaganni yovelni qmnisa da xrwnilebisa Soris ganawesna.

amissa Semdgomad moigona axali raQme da ucxoQ dabadebuli, romelsa TDT misTavadisaca dambadebelisa, da sityDerisa da pirutyDsa da yovlisave agebulisabunebisa ziarebaQ Tavsa Soris TDssa moaqundes. da mis mier, viTarca sazogadoQsasakrvelisa mier, SeerTebad RmrTisa Semokrbebodin yovelni dabadebulni; da TanadxuTnive saxeni yovelTa arsTa ganyofilebisani daiHsnebodin; romeli viTarcameore raQme sofeli mcire didsa Sina, anu didi mciresa Sina, daadgina queyanasazeda, RmrTiv Suenieri igi da didebuli samoTxe daasxa aRmosavalsa edemisasa.

garna vinaQTgan man nivTad TDTmflobelisa micemuli misda sjuli winaukumodsaRmrToQsa nebisa iHumia, da SuriTa eSmakisaQTa da ganmcdelobiTa dedakacisaQTacdomili Zelisa misgan cxorebisa da samoTxisa da RmrTisa siborotisaTDs eqso-ria iqmna da sikudiliTa da xrwnilebiTa dasjili, bevreulTa vnebaTa da ZDrTamier uflebul iqmna.

rameTu pirvelad sisxlTa mier ZmisaTa mewamul myofelman HelTaman kainkualad meorisa RmrTisa mierisa wyevisa Tanamdeb yo queyanaQ.

merme siboroteman gmirTaman SenanebaQ arwmuna dambadebelsa ucxoQsa miscxovelisa kacisa esoden sakvirvelebiT dabadebisaQ; da wyliTa rRunisaQTa aR-HocaQ yovlisa aRmdgomisaQ pirisagan miwisa.

amissa Semdgomad, silaRiTman Helyofaman godlis maSenebelTaman, SerevniTaenaTaQTa da mimodayofiTa naTesavTaQTa, meoTxed dasaja naTesavi kacTaQ.

xolo gamoCinebaman kerpTa siborgilisaman da nacvalad dambadebelisa msaxure-baman dabadebulisaman sruliad ganaSora da ucxo yo kaci Semoqmedisa RmrTisagan.


merme RaRadebaman sodomelTa sibilwiT slvisaman wunwubasa Tana aRreuliTacecxliTa mowuvad aiZula soflebi xuTqalaqisaQ.

kualad gulficxelobasa faraoQsasa da usaxure basa megD ptelTasa ucxoTamZlavrebaTaTDs ucxoQ miego misagebeli, da guamTa maTTa _ ucxod dammarxvelisaflavebi.

amissa Semdgomad didi mose, Sjuli, mRdelobaQ, msxuerplni, salxinebelniTiTo saxeni, msajulni, mefobaQ, winaQswarmetyuelebaQ, yofadTa winaQswari cnobaQ,saxis SecvalebiTni RmrTis gamocxadebani.

mermeca kualad kerpTmsaxurebaQ, TDT mis moses mier egDptiT gamoyvanebulisada sjuldebulisa, da esodenTa pativTa Rirs-qmnulisa, da pirmSod Zed aRsarebu-lisa erisaQ.

amissa Semdgomad kualad mZlavrebaQ, kualad tyueobaQ mravalgzis mravalTa naTe-savTa, da ukuanaQsknel babilovnelTa mieri, romelTa mefisa RmrTis wina-aRmdgomsamogonebasa saqmiT amxiles samTa maT WabukTa israitelTa, raJams sakrvelTa rkini-saTa ganmlevelman saHumilman Seuxeblad daicvna maTni advilad gansalevnelni Tmanida Sesamoselni, mermeca kualad qalaqi da taZari, kualad sjuli da mRdelobaQ.

da raodenni raQ iyvnes sjulisani, da sakDrvelisa mis sjulierisa msaxurebi-sani, garna verca erTi raQ pirvel TqumulTa amaTgani SemZlebel iqmna kurnebadbunebisa, ginaTu mtanjvelobiTa da saSinelebaTa, anu qvelis-moqmedebiTTa sitk-boebaTagani, romelTa Tana sjulnica uqm iyvnes, bunebiTsa vityD da dawerilsa,da uZlieresi saHmar iyo wamali salmobaTaTDs uborotesTa.

amisTDs, TDT guamovani igi sibrZne da Zali da Tana-arsi RmrTisa mamisasityuaQ, romeli dasabamad iyo, da RmrTisa Tana iyo, da maradis iyo, movidaxatisa TDsisa da uxrwnelTa maTgan da yovlad ubiwoTa sisxlTa WeSmaritebiT, dasakuTrad RmrTis-mSobelisa maradis qalwulisaTa Horcni Seimosna HorcTaTDs, dasulsa goniersa da sityDersa Seezava, sulisaTDs Cemisa msgavsiTa msgavssa ganwmedad,rameTu miuRebeli ukurnebelca ars. da TDsisa qmnulisa wil TDT miiTuala brZolaQ.

da esreT, yovelive HorcTa mieri gangebulebaQ, juarisa Tana vnebaTa, safla-vsa da RmrTiv-Sueniersa aRdgomasa, srul yo raQ, queyanasa zeda didebiT aR-mavalman zecad, waravlinna aTormetni mowafeni TDsni, romelTaca mociquladuwoda, raQTa RmrTis mecnierebisa naTliTa, yovliT kerZo soflisaQT ganHadonbneli uRmrToebisaQ, da, saxelisa mimarT wmidisa samebisa naTlis-cemiTa, aswaonTa yua niscem aQ Tana-arsi sa erT RmrTe ebi saQ , da, dam arx viTa s acxore belTamcnebaTaQTa, kualad agnen kacni pirvelsave netarebiTsa didebasa.

eseni, viTarca Saravandedni mzisa mis simarTlisani, ganefinnes raQ kideTaqueyanisaTa, yoveli nivTi kerpborgneulisa uRmrToebisaQ maxDliTa sulisaQTamoWres da cecxliTa sarwmuneobisaQTa mowues; da erquniTa juarisaQTa moiornat-nes gulni SemwynarebelTa kacTani.


da dasTeses maT Soris Tesli keTilad msaxurisa sarwmunoebisaQ da mxoloQsada WeSmaritisa RmrTisa msaxurebiTi TayuaniscemaQ; mravalTa da sicruviT mop-ovnebulTa RmerTTa wil RmrTiv-SuenierebiT aswaves; da sakerpoTa maT wiltaZarTa da bomonTa, simravleni eklesiaTa da sakurTxevelTani aRumarTnesRmerTsa, yovliT kerZo queyanisaQT.

da siZulili soflisaQ da mterobaQ HorcTaQ rwmunebiT aswaves maT, romel-Ta-igi RmrTad Seeracxa sofeli da HorcielTa gemoTa mZlavrebisada monad miec-nes Tavni; da gancofebuli igi sibrZne ellenebrisa siCqurisa vieTisaQme, simar-tiviTa RmrTiv-swavlulisa maTda sibrZnisaQTa, romlisaTDs igi pavles hbas-robdes aTinelni, yovlad sibrZniT mxilebulyves, da arca erTisa sityDsa, Rir-sad gamoaCinnes maTni igi zRaparT-mwerlobiTni Helovnebani.

da didisa klimintosis mier dasxnes kanonni saeklesioni, ricxDT oTxmeocdaxuTni.romelTagani erTi, pirvel-wodebuli andria, ZmaQ Tavisa mociqulTaQsa pe-

tresi, vidre Cuendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadagebaQ saxarebisaQyovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloQsasa; da uricxuni simravleni erTani ganaSornasacTurisagan mrCobl eSmakeulebisa; da erTisa RmrTisa da qristes misisa Tanaar-siT maTiT suliTurT rwmunebiT TayuaniscemaQ aswava; daRaTu umravlesman ermanqarTlisaman simravlesa Sina Jamisasa daiviwya qadagebaQ igi mociqulisaQ. dasacTurisave mimarT kerpTaQsa miaqcia.

amaTisa qadagebisa nayofad aRmoecennes yovliT kerZo yovlisa soflisaQTsimravleni Ruawlisa damdebelisa qristes sikudilsa mimsgavsebulTa wmidaTamowameTani; vinaQTgan samasni, mciredTa sxuaTa Tana, vidre mefed qadagebadmdedidisa kostantinessa Soris gardaHdes weliwadni, romeli-igi pirvelad qris-tiane iqmna mefeTa Soris da TDT mociqul da qadag sacxorebelisa qadagebisa, danaTelsa Tavisuflebisasa mimfenel qristeaneTa RmrTiv-Suenerisa moqalaqobisa.

amisTave ukue JamTa sruliad momxedna Cuenca aRmosavalman maRliT da dedaka-cisa visme mier tyueqmnulisa, romelsa-igi nunnad kappadukielad aqa sadme pov-nilnica qadageben wignni saeklesioTa moTxrobaTani; sarwmunoebisa mimarT TDsisamiizida yoveli savsebaQ yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisaQ, sakDrvelT-moqmedebiTaniSebSemosilTa saswaulTaQTa; raJams igi qarTvelTa mefeman mirian, mefeTa Sorisdidisa kostantinessa mivlinebiTa da misgan gamoTxoQTa mefobisa TDsisa, qalaqadmcxeTad STamoiyvana evstaTi didi _ saydris mpyrobeli antioqelTa eklesiisaQ.

da wmidaTa mier HelTa misTa naTel-iRo man da yovelman erman qarTlisaman,da TDT patriaqTa Soris saxelganTqmulman evstaTi HeliTa TDsiTa STadva safuZ-veli maSin sadme mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesisaQ, romelica friadisa Tana guls-modginebisa ganasrules raQ maT ganwmedaQ igi, da HelTdasxmul yo mas Sina maTTDsepiskoposi-kaTolikosi.


aman saukunod Hsenebulman mefeman kostantine Sekriba pirveli da msoflioQwmidaQ krebaQ nikeas samas aTrvametTa wmidaTa mamaTaQ, romelTa dasxnes kanonniricxDT ocni; romlisa pirvelad qmnil iyvnes sxuanica adgilobiTni krebani :pirveli ankDrias, romelsa daesxnes kanonni ocdaoTxni; meore neokesarias, dam-sxmeli kanonTa aToTxmetTaQ.

xolo Semdgomad didisa mis da msoflioQsa krebisa sxuanica iqmnnes adgilo-biTni krebani, viTar-igi RangrisaQ, romlisa kanonni arian oc; da kualad anti-oqiisaQ, damsxmeli kanonTa ocdaxuTTa; amaTTana laodokiisaQ, frigDisaQ, dakanonni misni _ ocdaerTni.

amaTsa Semdgom meore wmidaQ da msoflioQ krebaQ _ kostantinopolis, aser-gasisTa wmidaTa mamaTaQ, romelTa kanonni arian ricxDT SDd.

merme mesame _ efesoQsa wmidaQ da msoflioQ krebaQ, mcirisa Tevdosis mefisamier Sekrebuli, romelman dasxna kanonni rvani.

meoTxe _ xalkidons, equsas ocdaaTTa wmidaTa mamaTa msoflioQ krebaQ,keTilad msaxurisa markiane mefisa mier Semokrebuli da ganmawesebeli kanonTaricxDT ocdarvaTaQ.

merme _ adgilobiTi krebaQ karTagenisaQ, da kanonni misni as ocdaaTvrametni.xolo mexuTeman wmidaman da msoflioman kostantinopolis Sekrebulman kre-

baman mcired izruna saeklesioTa kanonTa ganwesebisaTDs.aramed meequseman wmidaman da msoflioman krebaman, iustinianesze, keTilad

msaxurisa mefisa, gumbadsa Sina sameufoQsa palatisasa Sekrebulman, aRavso dakle-buli misi, rameTu dasxna kanonni ricxDT as da orni.

kualad nikiisa meoreman wmidaman krebaman dasxna kanonni aTrvametni.amissa Semdgomad arian sxuanica orni masve sameufosa qalaqsa eklesiasa Sina

wmidaTa da yovlad qebulTa mociqulTasa Sekrebulni krebani, romelTa ganuCeniankanonni, ricxDT aTSDdmetni.

xolo wmidasa da meSDdesa wmidaTa xatTaTDis Sekrebulsa msofliosa krebasaganuwesebian kanonni, ricxDT samni oden.

amaTa wmidaTa krebaTa mier ganCinebulTa kanonTa Tana arian sxuanica Ti-ToeulTa mamaTa mier ganwesebulni da Tana aRracxulni kanonni :

dDonDsios aleqsandriel mTavar-episkoposisa kanonni oTxni;petre aleqsandrielTa mRdelT-mTavrisa da mowamisa kanonni aTxuTmetni;grigoli episkoposisa neokesarielisa sakDrvelT-moqmedisa epistole kanoniani;didisa basilis kanonni oTxmeocdaxuTni;misive epistole kanoniani, diodores mimarT;misive epistole kanoniani, grigolis mimarT xucisa;misive epistole kanoniani, xorepiskoposTa mimarT;


misive epistole kanoniani mis queSeTa episkoposTa mimarT;misive, amfiloqes mimarT sulisa wmidisaTDs miwerilTa maT TavTagan;grigoli noselisa kanonni rvani;timoTe aleqsandrielisa kanonni aTxuTmetni;filoTeos aleqsandrielisa kanonni, RmrTis gamocxadebisaTDs Tqumulisagan;misnive sxuani kanonni aTni;misive epistole, afigionis mimarT episkoposisa;misive epistole, agaTonis mimarT episkoposisa;misive epistole minaQs mimarT episkoposisa;kDrile aleqsandrielTa mTavar-episkoposisa kanonni SDdni, gennadi wmidisa

patriarqisa kostantinepolelisa da misTana wmidisa krebisa epistole, mitro-politTa mimarT garemoTa samTavroTaQsa.

ese arian Sekrebani wmidaTa da saeklesioTa kanonTani, dabeWdulni da dama-rxulni, TDnier yovlisa Sematebisa da moklebisa, da amaTi mecnierebaQ daSedgomaQ da mtkiced pyrobaQ uHms yovelTa winamZRuarTa qristeanobiTisa ma-dideblobisaTa : mRdelT-mTavarTa, da mRvdelTa, da diakonTa, da Cuen SorismoZRurad saxeldebulTa maTca monazonTa, da erTbamad yovelsa savsebasa mar-TlmadidebelTa eklesiisasa.

xolo Cuen es e am i sTDs mov i Hs en eniT, raTa p irveliTga n piri sityDs aCuenisa Q gan vh martoT.

vinaQTgan dahbada RmerTman dasabamsa xatebad da msgavsebad TDssa kaci, vi-Tarca pirvel vityodeT, raTa mis mier, viTarca sazogadoQsa sakrvelisa mier,xilulTa da uxilavTaQsa, Tavsa TDssa SeaerTnes yovelni sacnaurni da grZnobadnidabadebulni saTnoebiT raQ, sakuTar eqmnas igi Semoqmedsa TDssa.

xolo igi egeviTarisa mis madlTa simdidrisgan ganSiSulda cTomisa mis mierda gandgomilTa da risxveulTa monaTa monebaQ moatyua Tavsa, aramed ara saxier-manca dambadebelman misman, rameTu viTarmca Tavs-idva ugulebelsyofaQ esodenisaHelTa misTa saqmisaQ, romel ars kaci.

aramed uHrwnelsa Sina saSosa yovlad wmidisa RmrTis mSobelisa da maradisqalwulisasa arRara pirvelisaebr iWDsa madliT, aramed guamovnebiT SeaerTa igiTavsa TDssa da zesTa bunebisa ganaRmrTo mis mier miRebuli igi da misTanaerTguamqmnili kaci.

da romeli-igi iyo pirmSoQ yovlisa agebulisaQ, Tavs idva pirmSo mravalTaZmaTa Soris yofaQ, raQTa saxelisa misisa mimarT wodebulni da madliT Zmad missaaRsaarebulni, romeli-igi yrmaTaca eziara HorciTa da sisxliTa da guamaderTisa mis yovelTa Tavisa gamoCinebulni, mun aRmiyvannes kualad ganHorcielebi-Ta TDsiTa, sada igi TDT ars Tavi sasoebisa CuenisaQ; da Tana-moqalaqe myvneswmidaTa da saxleul RmrTisa, da samkDdrebelad missa gamomaCinnes suliTa, raJams


Tavisa mimarT Semokrbes TiToeulebaQ asoTa ganyofilebisaQ da Tbisa mimarTgardainivTos viTarebaQ yovlisa aRsuarulisaQ.

vinaQca amisTDs moguecnes pirvelad bunebiTi da merme dawerili sjuli; amisTDsiqmna gankacebaQ RmrTisaQ; amisTDs qalwulisagan SobaQ, bagaQ, wargragnaQ, an-gelozni madidebelni, varskulavisa srbaQ, moguTa ZRunis-momrTumelobaQ, wina-dacueTaQ, naTlis-RebaQ, zeciT wamebaQ, gancdaQ, qolvaQ CuenTDs da vnebani uvne-belisani, gancemaQ, SemsWvalvaQ, daflvaQ, aRdgomaQ, aRslvaQ zecad; amisTDs _qadagebani mociqulTani, sisxlni mowameTani, swavlani moZRuarTani, oflni RirsTamamaTani, guls-modginebani keTilad msaxurTa da morwmuneTa mefeTani, wadiere-bani RmrTis-moyuareTa mTavarTani, kadnierebani RmrTis-saxisa mRdelT-mTavrobisarwmunebulTani, winambrZolisa TDsisa Tana simHniT Tana-mbrZolebani mRdelTa dasamRdeloTani, codvisa mimarT simHniT winaganwyobani, nivTagan ganSiSulebulisamonazonTa dasisani da maTTana erTHmobani qristes moyuarisa erisani.

amisTDs iqmnnes qristes-moyuareTa da RmrTiv-dacvulTa mefeTa mier Jamad-Jamadnikrebani, RmrTis-moyuareTa episkoposTa da RmrTisa saTno-yofilTa mamaTani,raQTa saqmeTa mier gansrulebuliTa sarwmunoebiTa SeaerTnes RmerTsa qristeaneni.

romelTasa keTilad ebaZva Sursa Cuenica ese gDrgDnosani, mrCobl-marjuene daSeyuarebuli, gDrgDni TavisaQ da sasurveli <Ze daviT; romeli-ese erTbamad mHnecaars da brZen, marTal da wmida, igive myudroca da mSDd, saxier da tkbil, mowyaleda ZDruHsenebel da misgavsebul saxierebasa RmrTisasa, romeli aRmoubrwyinvebsmzesa keTilTa da borotTa, da zrdis yovelTa wDmiTa sworebiT.

ese vinaQTgan gareSeTa brZolaTa Sina winadaudgromelobiT ubrZolel da gareSisasaxisa qmnulebiTa sxuaTa kacTagan Sesworebad SeuZlebel iyo, rameTu keTil didars viTarca gmiri, Suenier ars viTarca siZe, brwyinvale ars viTarca ciskari,nayofier ars keTilTa mier viTarca aRmosavali, yuavilovan warmatebaTa mierviTarca samoTxe RmrTisaQ, ara Tavs-idva, raQTa ara umetes moRuawe iqmnesganbrwyinvebad SinaganTaca sikeTeTa sulisaTa; vinaQTgan igini warmdinar, xoloeseni dausrulebelobasa Tana RmrTisasa-Tana dausrulebel arian.

amisTDs Semokriba krebaQ RmrTis-moyuareTa episkoposTa, patiosanTa mRdel-Ta da RirsTa diakonTaQ, qristes-moyuareTa monazonTa, dayudebulTa da meudab-noeTaQ, sanaxebTa qarTlisaTa, maxlobelad orTa saepiskoposoTa ruisa da urb-nisisa; garna ara Tu ubiwoebasa qarTvelTa sarwmunoebisasa biwi raQme Sehxeboda,nu iyofin ese, ara gecruvneT Sen, siwmidiT mSobelo Cueno kaTolike eklesiao,arca gangceT Sen, siqadulo Cueno marTlmadideblobao, romlisa arca ganmcemelqmnil varT, vinaQTgan Semecnebasa Sensa Rirs qmnul varT, mowame ars WeSmaritebaQ;aramed sxuaTa saeklesioTa da samRdeloTa, da saqristianoTa ZiebaTaTDs, romel-Ta Tav, da winamZRuar, da pirwmidisa mis krebisa iyo, RmrTisa mimarTisa sakuTrebisa-Tana simSDdiTaca sulisaTa mimsgavsebuli mosesi, da msgavsad didisa samoelisa


winamlocveli erisaQ da mcxebeli madliT srulyofadTaQ iovane _ yovlad RirsimTavarepiskoposi, kaTolikosi da yovlisa saqarTveloQsa didi mamaT-mTavari,da mis Tana simravle pirvel HsenebulTa maT savsebisaQ.

[kanonTa teqsti] [1]. da pirvelad episkoposni vinme ver-RirsebiT Semos-rulni pativsa mRdelT-mTavrobisasa da uRirsni qristes, pirvelisa mis mwyemsT-mTavrisani, ganvkueTeniT da ucxo-vyveniT mRdelobisagan, vinaQTgan arawmidisaSexebaQ siwmideTaQ ara-ucTomeloba ars da maxlobeli RmrTisaQ, maxlobel cecx-lisa ars, da uHms, raQTa yovliTurT oqro iyos;

xolo ara krul vyveniT da arca SevaCueneniT, nu iyofin, aramed litonTaeriskacTa-Tana ziarebad flobil vyveniT, ukueTu oden amieriTgan mmarxveliyvnen siwmidisa.

da nacvlad maTda sxuani davadgineniT, romlisa hasakisaganca da saqmeTaganaqunda wamebaQ da keTilad ganewuarTnes Horcni damorCileblad sulisa.

[2]. amas-Tana sul-moklebaQca HelT-dasxmaTaQ, viTarca uwesoQ da ukanonoQ,davhHseniT.

da ganvaweseT, raQTa amieriTgan arRara-vin ikadros qmnad, TDnier viTar-igiganawesebs kanoni : rameTu episkoposi ocdaaTxuTmetisa wlisaQ, mRdeli ocdaaTisawlisaQ, diakoni ocdaxuTisa wlisaQ da wignis mkiTxveli rvisa wlisaQ HelT-dasxmul iqmnebodin.

[3] amas Tana sxuaQca uwesoQ wesi HelT-dasxmaTaQ daHsnad ganvaCineT : viTarmcamasve da erTsa dResa Helni daesxnes visme wignis-mkiTxvelad, kerZo-diakonad,diakonad da mRdelad, anu Tu episkoposadca. romeli-ese ukueTu iqmnas-Ra sadaamieriTgan, HelT-damsxmeli da HelT-dasxmuli erTbamad ganikueTnen mRdelobis-agan, rameTu pirvelad wignis-mkiTxvelad da kerZo-diakonad oden jer-ars HelT-dasxmaQ, da orisave amisa erTsa dResa SesaZlebel ars qmnaQ da merme diakonad; daviTarca dayvnes dReni diakonobasa Sina da hmsaxuros mRdelTa ara mciredTadReTa, mermeRa moiyvanon mRdelobad.

xolo ukueTu episkoposobad momaval iyos, Semdgomad SDdTa dReTa Jamis-wirvisa moiyvanon HelT-dasxmad episkoposobisa. da amas vityDT maTTDs, romelTasaWiroQ raQme mizezi aswrafebdes, xolo romelTa arca erTi-raQ aqundes saTana-doQ mizezi maswrafobelad, maT weliwadi da weliwadni dayvnen TDToeulsa xarisxsaSina da ufroQs-Ra diakonobisasa, vinaQTgan TDnier diakonTa simravlisa, veraQmiiRebs Suenierebasa saeklesioTa wesTagani. amisTDs vamcnebT yovelTa episkopos-Ta, raQTa ufroQs-Ra diakonTa ganmravlebisaTDs moRuawe iyvnen eklesiaTa Sina maTTa.

xolo monazonTa, romelni mRdelobad da episkoposobad momaval iyvnen,pirvelad sruliad monazunad didiTa sqemiTa ubrZanebT gansrulebasa, da egreTRamRdelobad moslvasa.


[4]. xolo wesi HelT-dasxmadTa srulebisaQ egreT aResruleboded, viTarcaaxalTa Sina kurTxevaTa netarebiT moHsenebulisa mamisa giorgi mTawmidelisaTadaweril ars. egreTve _ kurTxevaQ eklesiisaQ, da damyarebaQ sakurTxevelisaQ, dawmida-yofaQ RmerT-myofelisa mihronisaQ, egreT srul iqmneboded, viTarca mun-Sina moHsenebul ars.

[5]. xolo qrTamisaTDs da safasisa, romelsa miiReben HelT-damsxmelni, Hel-TdasxmadTagan, zemoQTganisa wmidaTa mociqulTa da mamaTa mocemisaebr, ganCine-bad vikadrebT Cuenca, raTa moispos egeviTari-igi eklesiisagan da aRiHocosmRdelobisagan, makurTxevelisa TDsisa Tana, romlisa qmnaQ amieriTgan nuRaram-ca-vis ukadrebies, raQTa ara-igica SevsZinoT, viTarmed SeiCuenos viTarca sDmonmogD petre mociqulisagan da numca miiReben raTurTiT nu-ra-ras, nu odes : nucapirvel HelT-dasxmisa, nuca TDT mas HelT-dasxmasa Sina, nuca Semdgomad HelT-dasxmisa, nuca qrTamsa, nuca ZRuensa, nuca evlogiasa, nuca kaTolikosi episko-posTagan, gina xuces-diakonTa da xorebiskoposTa, nuca episkoposni diakonTaganda mRdelTa da xorepiskoposTa, nucaraT sxuaTa samRdeloQsa dasisaganTa anuromelTave saeklesioTa mneTagan.

[6]. mermeca samRdeloTa WurWelTa da RmrTisada SewirulTa siwmideTaTDs,romel arian: barZim-feSxuem, samwerobelni da yovelive eklesiaTada Sewiruli daerTgzis RmrTisada micemuli, oqroQ, vecxli, Tuali, margaliti, WiqaQ, stavraQ,naqsovi, sini, rvali, rkinaQ, Zeli, keci, qvaQ, amas ganvawesebT SedgomiTa wmidaTakanonTaQTa, raQTa ara-vis Helewifos Hmarebad missa ara-rad, arca tyueTasaH-srad, daRaTu cudadca da uHmrad mdebare iyvnen da ferHiTa dasaTrgunvelad isxneneklesiasa Sina da saWurWlesa missa.

xolo ukeTu vinme ikadros amaTganisa racsaca garegniT mis eklesiisa, daTDnier missa viTar-igi ganwesebul iyos, da viTar saxedca samsaxurad eklesiisa,anu sakurTxevelisa Seqmnil iyos, sxuad radca Hmarebad, moeloded aqa ukuebabilovnelTa mefisa baltasaris da ananiaQs da sapfiraQs sasjelsa; xolo mun-cecxlsa saukunesa, ganmzadebulsa eSmakTaTDs da angelosTa misTaTDs.

[7]. amasTana eseca moviHseneT, viTarmed TDnier eklesiisa da sakurTxevelisaarca naTlis-cema SesaZlebel ars, arca gDrgDnTa kurTxevaQ, arca monazunisaepistoliTa gina sqemiTa kurTxevaQ, da arca monazonsa xucessa gDrgDnTa kurTxevadHel-ewifebis, arca erisgansa mRdelsa monazonisa kurTxevad.

[8] xolo Semdgomad gDrgDnTa kurTxevisa pirvelTa da meoreTa col-qmarTawmidaTa saidumloTa ziarebaQ uHms mas dResa, romelsa ikurTxnen ueWuelad, ara TugardareuliTa raQTme bilwebiTa SebRalul iyvnen, daRaTu uziareblobiTaca gan-kanonebul iyvnen. da merme aRsruleba kanonisa uziareblobisa maTisasa.

[9] xolo meoreTa gDrgDnTa makurTxeveli xucesi samxrobad nu mivals maTTana, nucamca meoreTa col-qmarTa pirvelni gDrgDnni ekurTxevian.


xolo sxuebr da ara esreT moqmedi amaTi xucesi ukue gankueTisa, xolo erisk-aci uziareblobisa Tanamdeb iyos.

[10] kualad amasca ganvasazRvrebT, raQTa amieriTgan arRara ekurTxeodingDrgDnni CCDlTa qal-ymaTa, aramed ukueTu saWirod radme iyos, mSobelTa maTTadiad dauwindnen igini urTierTas, da raJams hasakad moviden ornive, maSin iqorwinnen.

da qali aTorm etis a wli sasa umcroQsi numca Seyofil ars qorwine biTmeuRlisada. xolo amis ganCinebisa damHsneli, Tanamdeb iyavn zemoHsenebulisamis ganCinebisa.

[11] kaTolikosisa da episkoposTagan xorebiskoposi sjulisa da saRmrToTawignTa mecnieri gamoirCeoded mRdeli anu diakoni da SiSiTa RmrTisaQTa emcne-boded mas ubiwod dacvaQ yovelTave saqristeanoTa wesTaQ raQTa ara raQ maTganigansces qrTamisaTDs, arca raQ ganyidos vecxlad, viTarca iuda ufali; raQTa araSiSTvilica misi daimkDdros.

[12] Semdgomad amaTsa amisica saTanadod vhgoneT moHsenebaQ, vinaQTgan moZRu-rad wodebulTa maT monazonTaQ friadi da aRuricxuveli ars simravle, da erTsamonastersa Sina xuTni da aTni, mravalgzis ocnica da ocdaaTni ipoebian, didi Tuiyos monasteri da mravlisa SfoTisa da ganxeTqilebisa mizezsa SemoiRebs simrav-le maTi, amisaTDs ganvaCinebT, raQTa amieriTgan dascxres eseviTari ese uwesobaQ.

da pirvelad amas ganvasaRzRvrebT, raQTa umRdelosa ara Hel-ewifebodisganmkiTxvelobad sulTa, ara Tu episkoposi iyos, anu mRdeli, anu diakoni, rameTupirvelad Sekrvisa da ganHsnisa Helmwifebasa uHms qonebad, da egreT-Ra gankiTxvisasulTaQsa Hel-yofad; amas Tana, raQTa didTa monasterTa Sina or-ori, xolomcireTa Sina TiToQ xolo kma iyos moZRuari.

da ukueTu vinme amas ganCinebasa gardahxdes, ueWuelad esmes mas, viTarmed xoloHdomisaganTa maT da urCTa WeSmaritebisaTa da morCilTa sicruQsaTa risxvaQ daguliswyromaQ, Wiri da iwroebaQ da Semdgomi.

[13] wesi igi, romelsa krebulTa dasxmad uwesen, nuRaramca kadrebul ars qmnadamieriTgan, nuca monasterTa Sina SeqmnaQ savaWroTa eris krebaTaQ, nucamca-raQsxuaQ samoqalaqoQ da soflioQ wesi qmnil ars monasterTa Sina odesca, raQTa arasalocvelTa maT adgilTa quab-avazakTa SeqmniTa, sulTaca TquenTa safardulebisaRmrToQsa sityDsa mier daiqces, viTarca mekermeTa maT tablebi, da wmidaTamamaTa da krebaTa mier gankanonebisa Tanamdeb iqmnneT.

[14] xolo erTsa sakurTxevelsa da masve da erTsa winadagebasa zeda wmidisaSesawiravisasa mravalTa sulTaTDs mravalTa mRdelTa mier qmnaQ wmidisa Jamis-wirvisaQ uweso ars da gangdebul, romeli-ese nuRaramca sada qmnil ars.

ufroQsRa Tavad sakurTxevelsa zeda didisa eklesiisasa, saepiskoposoQsa ginamonastrisasa, erTisa aravisTDs wes-ars Jamis wirvad araodes, arca cocxlisa,


arca micvalebulisaTDs, TDnier aRapTa da sulisa saHsenebelad ganCinebulTadReTaQsa, aramed mis eklesiisa maSenebelTa da SemomwirvelTa.

da erTbamad yovelTa sulTa qristeaneTa cocxalTa da micvalebulTaTDsjer-ars Jamis-wirvaQ, xolo erTisa kacisaTDs, anu erTisa sulisaTDs eguterTasadme Sina, anu StoTa eklesiisaTa jer-ars TiToeulisa xucisagan Jamis-wirvaQ.

[15] romelnica RmrTis mavnebelobiTisa mis wvalebisagan xaCecarTaQsa, romelarian somexni, marTalsa da uzakuvelsa sarwmunoebasa mouHdebodin, da wmidasakaTolike eklesiasa SeerTebodin, da biwsa mas wvalebasa erT-bunebianTa, da erTisanebisa da erTisa moqmedebisa RmrTeebisagan da kacebisa Sezavebulisa, da arcasaRmrToQsa, arca kacobrivisa, aramed Sereulisa raQsme da ucxoQsa, qristes,WeSmaritisa RmrTisa Cuenisa, zeda siCquriT metyuelTasa SeaCuenebden.

esreT ganvawesebT maTTDs, raTa sruliad naTel-scemden, viTarca warmarTsa,vinaQTgan sxuaTaca didTa eklesiaTa vhpoebT moqmedad amissa, viTar igi arssapatriaqo saydari antioqiisaQ, da yovelni mimdgomni misni eklesiani yov-lisa aRmosavalisani.

[16] kualad ganvawesebT, raQTa arca marTlmadidebeli mamakaci mwvalebelsagina warmarTsa dedakacsa, anu dedakaci mamakacsa SeeuRlnen. vinaQTgan yovelimarTlmadidebeli taZari ars RmrTisaQ, damkDdrebulisa mis mier sulisa misisaCuen Soris; xolo yoveli borotad madidebeli, anu yovlad ara-madidebelitaZari ars eSmakisaQ; xolo viTarmed arca erTi ziarebaQ ars taZrisa RmrTisaQkerpTa Tana, viTar-igi bnelisaQ naTlisa Tana _ mowame ars saRmrToQ mociquli.

xolo romelman amieriTgan ikadros-Ra qmnaQ amaTi, ganikanonos igi pirvelTqumuliTa miT kanoniTa.

[17] vinaQTgan eseca uwesoebaQ mravalTa mier aRsrulebulad guesma, ufroQsRadidTa vieTme da warCinebulTa da ara litonad kacTagan qmnilad, romel arskides-kide da erTgan kurTxevaQ gDrgDnTaQ qorwinebiT erT-Horc qmnadTa meuRle-TaQ, viTar-igi hyofen usjuloebiT dedakacisasa ukue sxDsa visme ucxoQsa mamaka-cisa Tana kurTxevasa; xolo mamakacisasa mamakacisave sxDsa Tana, romlisasaraQmca iyo sxuaQ uuwesoesi da usacinelesi; anu ara yovliTurT msgavs arsa,markionis mwvalebelTa mier mkudrisa-wil naTliscemasa cocxalisasa! rameTu eseerTgan kurTxeulni mamakaci da dedakaci nuukue Seiracxnen naxevar-memruSed col-qmrad, vinaQTgan sxDsaQ iHsenebis saxeli, da sxuaQ warmodgomil ars mun; xoloorTa maT erTagan kurTxeulTa mamakacTaTDs raQ vin moigonos saxeli, garna Tuvinme vrceliTa siciliTa ganbasros eseviTari ese sjulisa, da keTilisa wesiere-bisa Cuenisa, da kacobrivisa qcevisa, da Cueulebisa garegani usjuloebaQ.

romlisaTDs amas ganvasazRvrebT : romelnica moaqamde esreT kurTxeulni yofilarian da gardasrul arian, igini Sendobil arian umecrebisaTDis; xolo ukueTu awsadme ipovnen vinme egeviTarni, igini sjulierad col-qmrad numca Seracxil arian.


amieriTgan kula nuRaramca visganmca kadrebul ars qmnaQ amisi. da ukueTuiqmnas sada, oTxni igi kurTxeulni da orni makurTxevelni maTni xucesni, _equesnive ganikanonnen.

[18] mermeca RmrTis-moZagebulisa mis da RmrTis-ganmamwarebelisa, codvaTa-ubilwesisa saZagelebisa sodomelTaQsa, romlisaQ ara uwyiT, Tu viTar SeeTDsaigi ubadruksa amas naTesavsa da sruliad ganaSorna da ucxo-yvna RmrTisagan,vieTTanaca poa Tavisa misadrekeli.

amas ganvasazRvrebT sityDTa RmrTisaQTa da samociquloQTa HmiTa da mamobriv-iTa ganCinebiTa: daRaTu mravalgzis qmnil arian mravalTa naTesavTa mier mravalnida ricxDsa mZleni codvani, viTar igi : mterobani, Surni, siZulilni, kacisklvani,mruSebani, cru-ficebani da ukuanaQskneli da Tavi yovelTa borotTaQ _ kerpT-msaxurebaQ, da Tayuaniscemisa SecvalebaQ dambadebelisagan dabadebulTa mimarT.garna, arca-erTisa maTganisaTDs aRZrul ars aRuZrveli igi, viTarca TDT ityodaabrahamis mimarT, viTarmed RaRadebaQ sodomisa da gomorisaQ moiwia Cemda dagardamovHed xilvad, ukueTu RaRadebisaebr maTisa arian saqmeni maTni; romlisaSemdgomad ixileT Tu raQ iqmnebis, da Tu viTar nivTni ese samsaxurod kacTaTDsdabadebulni RmrTisagan, winaukumo bunebisa TDsisa, Sescvaleben bunebiTsa ZalsaTDssa, da ucxoQsa codvisa aRsaHocelad ucxosa moipoeben moqmedebasa.

rameTu maradis aRmarT moZravi da subuqi bunebaQ eTerisa cecxlisaQ, viTarcazrqeli raQme da mZime, daRmarT hyofs damodinebasa da, saxed mZafrisa wDmisa,saSinelebiT mCqefroQs aRreuli wunwubasa Tana, mrisxaned gansalevnelad ukeTur-Ta maT sibilweTa mravliTa kacTa.

xolo wulili da Txeli uferuli bunebaQ haerisaQ, mizezi cxovelTa aRmofSDn-visaQ da sicocxlisaQ, sizrqed almurisa HSirisa, da ferad HeliT saZiebelisa bnel-isad, da SemaSTobelad kuamlad, saswaulad risxvisad, Sescvalebs Tavsa TDssa maT zeda.

amaT Tana queyanaQ, myari da mtkice damtDrTveli simZimesa mas zeda mdebareTaguamTasa, verRara itDrTavs simedgresa bilwebaTa maTTasa, aramed pirvelad SesZravssafuZvelTa TDsTa da siRrmiT iatakTa TDsTaQT aRmomduRare, haerad aRmoixuamssiRrmeTa safuZvelisa maTisa simtkiceTasa; da miwad gardamoixuams simaRleTagodol-taZrebisa maTisa simagreTasa.

merme ganaRebs vidre mun-Jamadmde ganuRebelsa pirsa da Tanad-qalaqebiTurTda saxlebiT STanTqams arRara kacebsa, aramed damwurebsa rasme Zualebsa, da odesmeyofilTa kacTa sawyalobelsa neStebsa.

xolo wyali igica ucxod ixilvebis Secvalebulad maTTDs da arRara saSue-belad da saHmrad, aramed, sxuaTa nivTTagan daSTomilisa neStisa maTisa aRsaHo-celad pirsa zeda maTeulisa queyanisa, ufroQsRa saflav maTda qmnilisa jojox-eTisa, ixilvebis modinebulad, egoden Secvalebuli sxuaTa wyalTagan bunebiTa,raoden igini sxuaTa kacTa hmatdes bilwebisa gardareulebiTa.


aman usjuloebaman asurastanelTa igi umravlesTa nawilTa queyanisaTa damp-yrobeli mefobaQ tyued waruqcia sparsTa da midTa da sruliad aRmohfxura quey-aniT saHsenebeli, ara xolo mefe da mZlavri, aramed kac-yofisaca maTisaQ.

aman codvaman didi igi da yovliT-kerZo yovlisa queyanisaQT Hma-gansmenilinaTesavi somexTaQ, mefobiTurT da mTavrobiT maTiT, ara oden daamdabla dadaamHua, aramed sruliad aRiRo kacTagan saxeli maTi, romelTaQ vervin poosdRes erTica mefe anu mTavari, mqonebeli daumonebelisa TavisuflebisaQ, daRaTuyovelnica vin piri miwisaQ moixilos.

aman bilwebaman sparsTa igi maRali, da maradis hromTa mefobisa mHdoma-flobaQ, mHecis bunebaTa vieTme kacTa avazakuriTa zeda-moslviTa, miwadmde dam-dablebulyo, da vidre moaqamde mZlavrebisa maTisa morCil yo.

ese ara uywiT, Tu vinaQ ukeTurebiT Semoexrwna moqalaqobasa qristes mosax-elisaca erisasa, rameTu raQ ziarebaQ iyo beliarisi qristes-Tana da, Helsa ucxoTeslTasa micemiT dasasrul maxDlisa maTisa qmniTa, neStni odenRa damitevnaisraHlisani, romelni ukueTu vegneT-Ra masve ukeTurebasa zeda, oQ Cemda, davidu-mo Znel-sityuaQ, romeli yovelTada cxad ars, daRacaTu Cuen vhridoT.

amisTDs vamcnebT yovelsa didsa da mciresa, mdidarsa da glaxaksa, mefesa damTavarsa, aznaursa da mdabiorsa, mRdelTa da umRdeloTa, moweseTa da eriskacTa,berTa da WabukTa, da Sua-kacTa yovelsa pativsa da yovelsa wessa da yovelsahasaksa ganyenebad amis vnebisa ufroQs-Ra saZagelisa bilwebisa.

da esreT daumticebT, saxeliTa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesiTa : yovelmansulman qristeaneman marTlmadidebelman, amaT sityuaTa msmenelman, romelmanSemdgomad amis Zeglisa warkiTxvisa, ara ijmnas bilwisa mis sodomurisa codvis-agan da, ara xolo saqmiT qmnisa misisa, aramed reca laRobiT ferebisa da sityDTTqumisa, raTaca samisoTa da misTa damsaxvelTa sityuaTa da saqmeTagan, ueWueladmoiwios mis zeda amas ukue sawuTosa saSineli raQme da cocxliv jojoxeTadSTamHdeli risxvaQ, msgavsad wunwubasa-Tana aRreulisaQ mis sodomelTa cecx-lis aQ.

xolo mun-igi mimTualvel eqmnes mas, romeli vals winaSe pirsa uflisasa daSeswuvavs garemoQs missa mterTa misTa, vinaQTgan siyuaruli HorcTaQ mterobaQars RmrTisaQ. da romelman ganxrwnas taZari RmrTisaQ, ganxrwnes igica RmerTman,da amas Tana da Cuengan, uRirsTa monaTa saRmrToQsa monebisa Rirs-qmnulTaQsa,Ki Cuenda, arRara kurTxevaQ, aramed kdemaQ da mxilebaQ daimkDdros saukunoQ.

[19] xolo vinaQTgan mizezad urTierTas pativiT Tayuanis-cemisa Cuen Sorismyofi xatebaQ RmrTisaQ aRsaarebul da qadagebul ars didTa moZRuarTa da mamaTaCuenTagan, cxad ars, viTarmed Tayuanis mcemeli xatisa RmrTisaQ RmerTsa Tayva-nis-scems mis mier, maginebelica sadme xatisa RmrTisaQ RmerTsa aginebs ueWuelad,viTarca wmidaTa Soris didi basili esreT daswers amas.


amisTDs ganvasazRvrebT, raQTa eseca RmrTis-Semawuxebeli da RmrTisa Seu-racxismyofeli codvaQ sruliad moispos yovlisagan enisa da naTesavisa Cuenisa.

da romelman amieriTgan Seaginos-Ra suli, gonebaQ da piri TDsi usaxuriTaginebiTa, zemowerilisa amis Tanamdeb iyos igica gankanonebisa.

mefesa daviTs monazoni arseni

amaTda momarT rasa ityD, romelsa hsibrZnis hmoyuareb Sen ufroQsad brwyin-valeo Tualo yovlisa soflisa mefeTa erTguamobisao!

romeli ege haerovan xar, viTarca samyaroQ xilulisa soflisa Soris;saCino, viTarca mze varskulavTa Soris;brwyinvale, viTarca eTeri nivTTa Soris;naTlis-fer, viTarca elvaQ RrubelTa Soris;ciskrovan, viTarca aRmosavali kerZoTa Soris;tkbil, viTarca are JamTa Soris;RmrTis saxe, viTarca siyuaruli saTnoebaTa Soris;gulis saTqumel, viTarca oqroQ miwaTa Soris;elvare, viTarca DakinTi qvaTa Soris;maRal, viTarca finiki nergTa Soris;Suenier, viTarca vardi yuavilTa Soris;aRmatebul, viTarca samoTxe queyanisa Soris;Zlier, viTarca lomi mHecTa Soris;mtkice, viTarca andamati ganukueTelTa Soris;saxelganTqmul, viTarca nebroT gmirTa Soris;axovan, viTarca iso wina mbrZolTa Soris;moSurne viTarca finez mRdelTa Soris;mHne, viTarca samfson msajulTa Soris;ubrZolel, viTarca aqillev ellenTa Soris;brZen, viTarca solomon mefeTa Soris;mSDd, viTarca daviT cxebulTa Soris;Suris-meZiebel, viTarca iosia SaravandedTa Soris;uzaro, viTarca makedoneli mflobelTa Soris;ganmadidebel flobisa, viTarca avRDstos keisarTa Soris;kacTmoyuare, viTarca Cemi iesu RmerTTa Soris;bunebiT RmerTi, madliT RmerT-qmnulTa Soris;mHurvale, viTarca petre mowafeTa Soris;


sayuarel, viTarca iovane megobarTa Soris;mkDrcxl, viTarca pavle mociqulTa Soris;saxis-dasabam ucTomelisa qristeanobisa, viTarca didi kostantine TDTmpy-

robelTa Soris;simtkice keTilad msaxurebisa, viTarca Tevdosi skiptris mpyrobelTa Soris;saTno uCanan eseni myudroebasa Sensa; gansuenebul arsa amaT zeda siborotisa

sulTaQ mdevneli daviTiani suli Seni, romelni ese aw ZRunad mogarTuna Senmwyobrman SenTa amaT nazirevelTa simravlisaman, raQTa Sen miarTune eseni RmerT-sa da mowyale hyo amaT mier wyalobis moyuare ufali, romel moswrafebiTSemokrebaQ ubrZane Sen, da didisa amis da RmrTisa saTnoQsa warmarTebisa TanaSuamdgomelad RmrTisa mimarT moigen, viTarca sakuTarni monani, raQTa romelimeRmrTisa saxisa mRdelT-mTavrobisa mier maxlobel eqmnebodis SenTDs RmerTsa;xolo romelime mRdelT-SuenieriTa meoxebiTa SeesakuTrebodis dambadebelsa;sxuasa sulTqumani moaqunden, sxuasa gandnobaQ cremliTa, sxuasa Rame-yovelo-biTni mRDZarebani, sxuasa Hmel-sareclobaQ, sxuasa raQTurTiT araras qonebaQkeisrisasa yovelsave RmrTisasa, mxolod HorcTa oden da maTca marxviTa gan-leulTaQ; sxuasa sityuaQ, daRaTu mdabali da undoQ, garna arave uermoQ, arcaumusikeloQ momzidvel yofad smenisa, amis Tana Semsgavsebulica ZalisaQ, yovelTalitaniobaQ, yovelTa vedrebaQ, yovelTa erTHmobaQ; viTarmed daviT keTiladmsaxurisa da RmrTivdacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa mravalmca arian weliwadni.

[mosaHsenebelni] keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa giorgimefeTa mefisa da yovlisa aRmosavalisa da dasavalisa kesarosisa, mravalmcaarian welni.

keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTis-moyuarisa dedoflisa Cuenisa marTa avRDsti-naisni, mravalmca arian welni.

daviT RmrTis-msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa afxazTa daqarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa TDTmpyrobelisa, mravalmca arian welni.

wmidisa dedoflisa da RmrTiv-sulierisa dedisa Cuenisa, mariam monazonisa,saukunomca ars HsenebaQ.

iovane wmidisa mTavarepiskoposisa, Cuenisa kaTolikosisa da yovlisa saqarTvel-oQsa yovlad Rirsisa mamaTmTavrisa, mravalmca arian welni.

wmidisa berisa da sulierisa mamis Cuenisa evstrati monazonisa, mravalmca...Rirsisa meufisa Cuenisa da Tualad wmidisa amis krebisa cnobilisa giorgi

monazonisa da mwignobarTa uxucesisa, mravalmca...yovlad RirsTa krebisa amis yovelTa mamaTa mRdelTmTavarTa, mRdelTa da

monazonTa, mravalmcaa...


492 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III , 1970, gv. 106-127. teqsti Sejerebulia didisjuliskanonis (1975) Zeglisweris teqstTan - gv. 543-559.

sjulierisa moRuawisa arseni monazonisa kaliposelisa, mravalmca...yov elni mca marTlm adideb elni kurTxeul ari an , yo velni mw valebelni

SeCue nebul arian.

keTilad msaxurTa da marTlmadidbelTa pirvel aRsrulebulTa sanatrelTamefeTa CuenTa, saukunomca ars HsenebaQ da kurTxevaQ maTi.

sanetrelTa da wmidaTa kaTolikosTa da netarTa mRdelTmTavarTa da mRdel-Ta, saukunomca...

saukunoQsa netarebisa RirsTa da didTa mnaTobTa CuenTa efTDmi da giorgimTawmidelTaQ, saukonomca...

RirsTa mamaTa CuenTa daviT tbelisa da stefane sananoQs ZisaQ, saukunomca...dausrulebelisa netarebisa mkDdrTa, berTa CuenTa, saba sulaQs Zisa da antoni

tbelisa da efrem mciraQsaQ [da arseni monazonisa iyalTelisaQ] saukunoQ...RirsebiT moxsenebulTa mamaTa, efTDmi grZelisa, iovane rexues ZisaQ Svili-

TurT, miqel WuaisaQ da giorgi berisaQ saukunomca...kualadca vityDT::yovelnimca mwvalebelni SeCuenebul arian.yovelnimca marTlmadidebelni kurTxeul arian.yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa welnimca mraval arian.yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa saukunomca ars HsenebaQ.yovelni mwvalebelni saukunodmca SeCuenebul arian.yovelTa mwvalebelTa, saukunomca ars wyevaQ da dausrulebeli SeCuenebaQ. 49 2


1335 w. mefe giorgi brwyinvalem moi-

wvia sakanonmdeblo kreba, romelSic

mefis Semdeg upirvelesi piri, rogorc

TviTon mefe brZanebs – iyo ̀ wmida meufe

da qarTlis kaTalikozi evfTvime~. episko-

posebTan erTad sakanonmdeblo saqmianoba-

Si monawileobdnen vezirebi, mouravebi,

Temisa da Temis erisTavebi, xevisTavebi,

xevisberebi da `herovanni~. mefis, umaR-

lesi ierarqebisa da mTavrobis umaRle-

si pirebis monawileobiT es kreba miagavs

saxelmwifo darbazobas, romelmac ganix-

ila Seqmnili viTareba da gamosca Sesa-

bamisi kanonebi, rogorc TviTon krebis

oqmi brZanebs. am kanonebSi gadmocemuli

iyo `sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, ri-

sic ginda sasaqmosa – kacis mkvlelTa,

eklesiis mkrexvelTa, colis damgdebelTa

ubralosaTa, anu wamgvrelTa~.493

krebis mier gamocemuli samarTali,

romelic cnobilia saxelwodebiT `sa-

marTali mefisa giorgisa~, Seicavs ek-

lesiisadmi miZRvnil zogierT muxls,

magram mTlianobaSi igi warmoadgens ara

saeklesio, aramed saero, anu `msof-

lio~ samarTals, amitomac aRniSnavs

kidec kreba _ `Cven msofliosa misi

sisxli da pativi da sasaqmo gagviCe-

nia~,494 magram kreba iqve brZanebs, Tuki

raime sxva samarTlebrivi sakiTxi wam-

oiWreba, misi gadaWra eklesiis meTau-

rebs SeuZliaT _ `sxva rac sasjulo

sakiTxavi iyos, igi kaTalikozman da maT

ganaCenTa maT zeda episkoposTa maT hkiTx-

on~.494 kreba, i. doliZis gamokvlevis

Tanaxmad, Sedga 1335 wels.495

sakanonmdeblo kreba giorgi brwyinvales dros (1335 w.)

krebam ganixila Semdegi sakiTxi: imis

Semdeg, rac mefe dimitris Zem, giorgi

brwyinvalem Tavisi taxtisa da skip-

tris ganmtkicebis mizniT Semoiara Tavisi

sabrZaneblis mTiani mxare Jinvalidan

darialamde da ukan _ muxranamde, aR-

moCnda, rom rogorc i. doliZe wers _

`CamorCenil mTiulebs esaWiroebodaT

adgilobrivi xasiaTis sakanonmdeblo

Zegli~. marTalia, gaerTianebuli saqar-

Tvelos samefosaTvis XI-XIII ss-Si ar-

sebobda samarTlis wignebi, samefo sjul-

mdebloba, magram ìsini Seusabamoni da

gamousadegarni iyvnen CamorCenili, gan-

viTarebis patriarqalur safexurze mdgo-

mi mTiuli mosaxleobisaTvis~.496

amitomac krebam giorgi brwyinvales

nebiT ganizraxa Seedgina adgilobrivi

mniSvnelobis samarTlis wigni. misi erT-

erTi wyaro yofila beqa mandaturTuxu-

cesis kanonebi, `giorgi brwyinvalis sa-

kanonmdeblo krebam gamoiyena saaTaba-

gos samarTlis saTanado normebi mTi-

ulTa sjulmdeblobisaTvis~.497

`Zeglis dadeba Sedgeba Sesavlisa da

46 muxlisagan. igi sisxlis samarTlis

kanonmdeblobis _ ̀ sisxlis ganaCens~ war-

moadgens, samoqalaqo samarTlis sakiTxebs

mxolod oriode muxli exeba~.497 samar-

Tali, Tavdapirvelad, muxlebad dayofili

ar yofila. Cans, muxlebad vaxtang VI-

is komisias dauyvia.

es kreba `Tbilis qalaqsa~ Catare-

bula, rogorc `Zeglis dadebis~ Sesav-

lidan Cans.

493 Zeglis dadeba mefeT mefis giorgis mier, Sesavali, q.s.Z. , 1963, t. I, gv. 402; 494 q.s .Z. I. gv. 402;495 iqve , gv. 616; 496 i. doliZe , Zeglis dadeba, q.s .Z. I. gv. 615; 497 iqve, gv. 617.


`Zeglis dadeba mefeTmefis giorgis mier~

[amokrefili muxlebi]

Cuen, mefeTmefeman giorgim, Zeman yovelTa Soris warCinebulisa mefeTmefisdimitrisaman, davdeviT Zegli-ganaCeni ese mas Jamsa, odes SevediT mTiulTa Siganmosavlelad RmrTis mowyalebiTa yovlgniT ucileblad qonebasa Sina samefosaCuenisasa da ucileblad pyrobasa taxtisa da skiptrisasa.

warvediT taxtiT CueniT qalaqiT da SevediT sasaxlesa Cuensa Jinvansa. damuniT mivediT Hada-cxaots da movasxeniT yovelni muneburni xevisberni da hero-vanni, da gavigoneT maTni saqmeni, davsxediT maTsa sasaqmosa.

da mivediT darielamdis da vscaniT ese, romel RmrTiv gDrgDnosanTa dasanatrelTa CuenTa CamomavalTa mefeTagan amad ar gasCenoda ZegliTa gaCeniTa dadadebiTa sisxlisa da sxuaTa mravalTa uwesoTa mimZlavrebulTa saqmeTa: romel-Tame saqmisa romlisaTDsme hprianebodaT aRreviT yofa erTmaneTsa Sigan, daromelTame sxDs Jamisa SemosrulobisaTDs ukue gaCena ver swreboda-Ra sruladmTiulTa saqmis moklebasa da gaCenasa.

da Jam-guces, mowyalebiTa RmrTisaTa darieliT mobrunvebulTa viloceTlomisis mTavarmowamis winaSe da CamoviareT cxrazmis xevi da movikuliveT muneb-uri sasaqmo.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi gamoy-

enebul sjulmdeblobas am Zeglis mixedviT

`qarTvelT sjuli~ erqva. valis, anu fu-

lis sesxad aRebis Semdeg, misacemi pro-

centi, anu `sargebeli arc qarTvelT

sjulsa Sigan Ze wesad rome aiRon da

arc sxvaTa sjulTa uweria da sargebe-

li aris uweso~ (muxli 46-e, samarTali

mefis giorgisa).498 `sxva sjulSi~ Cans,

igulisxmeba bizantiuri samarTali. maSas-

adame, arc qarTuli da arc berZnuli

samarTliT valis `sargeblis~ aReba ar

SeiZleba, anda ukidures SemTxvevaSi Sei-

Zleba àTsa TeTrs zeda ori TeTri miec-

es~.499 marTlac, vaxSis aReba ikrZaleba

saeklesio samarTliT. zogadad, ra Tqma

unda, gansaxilveli samarTali saekle-

sio samarTals efuZneboda. rogorc i.

doliZe aRniSnavs, Sua saukuneebis gan-

mavlobaSi `saqarTvelo mWidro kultu-

rul da saxelmwifoebriv urTierTobaSi

imyofeboda bizantiasTan. qarTulma sa-

marTalma Taviseburad daamuSava da gam-

oiyena bizantiuri samarTlis zogierTi

instituti da moxdenilad Seufarda isini

Cveni cxovrebis sinamdviles~.500

498 i. doliZe , Zeglis dadeba, q.s .Z. I, gv. 420; 499 iqve , gv. 421; 500 iqve, gv. 678.


501 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, 1963, gv . 401-421.

movediT muxrans, sazamTrosa Cuensa davdegiT, da SemovediT qalaqsa da Semo-vitaneT Temisa da Temis erisTavni da HevisTavni da Hevisberni da herovanni.

davsxediT da davsHT wmida meufe da qarTlisa kaTalikozi evfTvime, davsxiTvezirni da ebiskopozni da mouravni, da gavigoneT, romel didi usamarTlo damZlavrebuli qmniliyo erTmaneTsa zeda, da sisxlis msubuqobisaTDs advil CndaerTmaneTis Ralatad dasxma da daqceva cixeTa, sikudili, colis wagura daubralod dagdeba, da mravalferni ulusoba da yol samarTali aRar iyo-Ra.

da dReisiT winaT-Ra erTmaneTis sayofTa saqmeTa amad aRar SemoviReT, _erTmaneTis amosula ar iqneboda, ganaCen-daudebloba eqmnaT.

da aw yuela gavaCineT, ra rigad vis ra eyos erTmaneTis avi, sisxli dges anusxua sasaqmo ra ginda ra iyos _ gardaHdes.

juarTa yels aqeT, Hada-cxaots, zandukis Hevs, kibeT queSeT da menesos zemoTes ganaCeni davdeviT.

sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risac ginda sasaqmosa, _ kacis mkulelTa,eklesiis mkrexvelTa, colis damgdebelTa ubralosaTa, anu wamgurelTa, _ sxuarac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos, igi kaTalikozman da maT, ganaCenTa maT zedaebiskopozTa, maT hkiTxon.

Cuen msofliosaa misi sisxli, pativi da sasaqmo gagDCenia.dReisiTgan waRma esreT iqmnas.[lomisisa glexisa asre iyos] 42. lomisisa vinc glexi moklas, Tu mefeTagan

Sewirulia, gina sxuaTa visganme, aTasxuTasi TeTri daeurvos. TaviT ZueliTgangaCenili aris lomisis samZRvarsa zeda, _ amieri Hada-cxaotis mimdgomi aris, _da agreve gaCeniT iyos.

valis saqme asre gavaCineT 46. sargebeli arc qarTvelT sjulTa Sigan Zeswesad, rome aRiRon, da arc sxuaTa sjulTa uweria. da sargebeli aris uweso.

da Tu radme mimcemi kaci esre avi iyos, rome sargebeli aRiRos, ra ginda raxani gamosuliyos, aTsa TeTrs zeda ori TeTri mieces, _ razomi didi xanidaeyos, amis mets nuras miscems da arc samarTalia misacemlad.

da Tu dia raTme avi kaci ar aris, arc amisi aReba marTebs.samarTali esreT yon yovelTa.50 1


XIV s-is 80-ian wlebSi mesxeTSi,

Wulevis monasterSi, (Tanamedrove adi-

genis raionSi) Sedga saeklesio sakanon-

mdeblo kreba, romelic moiwvia aTabag-

amirsp asalarma aRbuRam. i. doliZis

azriT, es kreba unda Catarebuliyo 1381-

1386 wlebSi. `me aTabag-amirspasalarman

aRbuRa, movaxseneT patiosansa mawyver-

elsa da biZaTa CemTa, SaSiasa da missa

Zmas safaris moZRvarsa pafnutis, xuT-

save Temsa samcxisasa, taovelTa, SavS-

Ta da klarjTa da maT Sina myofTa

episkoposTa da meudabnoeTa, moweseTa

mowmobiTa, mindobilni RmrTisani da yov-

lad wmidisa RvTismSobelisani~.502 am kre-

bis mier gamocemuli samarTali gavr-

celda mTel saqarTveloSi, rogorc saek-

lesio da saqveyno moqmedi samarTali.

Cven adre vwerdiT, rom saeklesio

kreba saqarTveloSi warmoadgenda amave

dros saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas, maSas-

adame, krebas episkoposebsa da sasulie-

ro warmomadgenlebTan erTad eswrebod-

nen darbaiselnic – darbazis wevrebic

mefis meTaurobiT, anu ukeT rom vTqvaT,

darbazoba saeklesio sakiTxTa ganxil-

vis dros saeklesio krebas warmoadgen-

da. Wulevis krebasac eswrebodnen mesxe-

Tis episkoposebi, kerZod, TviT samcxi-

dan mowveulni taoeli, SavSeli, klar-

jeli episkoposebi, gansakuTrebuli adg-

ili eWiraT awyurisa da safaris sa-

suliero pirebs, sxva `moweseebs~ da meu-

dabnoe mamebs. saero pirTagan ki gamoir-

Ceodnen samTavro saxlis meTauri, romel-

ic amave dros iyo sruliad saqarTve-

los saxelmwifos aTabag-amirspasalari-

aRbuRa da sxva adgilobrivi umaRlesi

xelisufalni (SaSia da misi Zma, romel-

ic amave dros safaris moZRvari iyo).

ra warmoadgenda krebis ganxilvis

sagans? xelnaweris saxiT Semonaxuli

krebis oqmidan Cans, rom krebam ganixi-

la da uklebliv daamtkica 70-80 wliT

adre, daaxloebiT 1295-1304 wlebSi

Sedgenili beqa mandaturTuxucesis sa-

marTali. krebam am samarTals daurTo

Tavis mier SemuSavebuli axali kanone-

bi, romelTa amoqmedebis mizezi Seiqna

droTa viTarebaSi `Semosuli uweso

saqmee bi~, garda amisa , ganisazRvra

saqarTveloSi SemoRebuli axali fulis

erTeulis nominalic da misi moqmedebis

areali gaavrceles mesxeTSi.

saeklesio krebam beqas kanonebs dau-

mata 33 muxli, romelic aRbuRa aTabag-

amirspasalaris samarTlis saxeliTaa

amJamad cnobili, radganac swored igi

iyo meTauri da iniciatori axali kanon-

ebis SemoRebisa Tavis sabrZanebelSi (sam-

cxeSi). Se qmn ili v iTare bis gamo _

`laSqarTa Sina cxenis parva Seqmnil-

iyo, ewyina sapatioTa kacTa da mis winaSe

sapatioTa msxdomTa kacTa... esreT gaa-

Cines.503 maSasadme, kanonebi SemuSavda

`sapatio msxdomTa kacTa~ mier. iqamde

ki Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb aRbu-

Ras `sapatio kacebisaTvis~ ucnobebia,

maT ki Tavis mxriv sxdoma, anu Sekreba

mouwveviaT, es iyo swored Wulevis saek-

lesio kreba.

Wulevis sakanonmdeblo kreba (1381-1386 ww.)

502 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I . 1963. gv. 425; 503 iqve, gv. 450.


krebam, rogorc aRvniSneT, Tavdapirve-

lad ganixila beqa mandaturTuxucesis

kanonebi da aRiara igi qmediTunarianad

(sul 65 muxli), Semdgom ki mas axali

muxlebi daumata (e.w. aRbuRas kanone-

bi). Tavdapirvelad, kanonebi muxlad day-

ofili ar yofila, aramed dayofili iyo

mTavar nawilebad sakiTxebis mixedviT.

sabolood ki krebam aRniSnul (beqasa

da aRbuRas) kanonebs daurTo ZvelTa-

ganve arsebuli e.w. `bagrat kurapala-

tis samarTlis~ muxlebi da agreTve

kanonikuri samarTlis muxlebi Sedgeni-

li TviT Wulevis krebis mier. e .i.

gamocemul iqna samarTlis axali kre-

buli, romelic Tavis mxriv Setanil iqna

vaxtangis `samarTlis wignebis krebul-

Si~. i. doliZis gamocemis mixedviT, Zegli

Seicavs sul 170 muxls, aqedan beqas

samarTals miekuTvneba 1-65 muxli, aR-

buRas _ 66-98, bagrat kurapalats –

99-160, kanonikur samarTls – 161-170,

kanonTa bolos SecdomiT, ganmeorebiT

miuweriaT ramdenime kanoni.504

b e q a - aRbuRas sa marTl is wig n is

umTavres nawils sisxlis samarTlis

normebi Seadgens. saTanado adgili aqvs

daTmobili saeklesio da samoqalaqo sa-

marTalsac. magaliTad, mawyvereli episko-

posis adgili sasamarTlo warmoebisas

gaTanabrebulia patron-aTabagTan, mux-

lebSi 1, 4, 18, 22, 25, 33, 40.

pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, patronad

iwodeba mawyvereli, iseve, rogorc aTa-

bagi. `sisxlis ganaCenis~ aRniSnuli

muxliT, Tu didebuli didebuls moklav-

da, adgilze unda misuliyo àTabagis

kaci~ da `mawyverelis xati~, Semdeg

moSuRar mxareTa Soris mtroba unda

Sewyvetiliyo da saqme sasamarTlos unda

gadascemoda. Tu erTi mxare gadaixvewe-

boda, `mamuli patronsa aqundes jayel-

sa da mawyverelsa~, e.i. mamuli damna-

Saves CamoerTmeoda da jayelsa da maw-

yverels gadaecemoda. aseve iyo, agreTve,

roca aznauri aznaurs moklavda.

22-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu Zma Zmas

moklavda, damnaSaves unda gadaexada `pa-

tronis~ (jayelis) da ̀ laSqris~ sasarge-

blod da, agreTve, mawyverelis an sxva

adgilobrivi episkoposis sasargeblod:

èpiskoposman misi wesi icis, raca mar-

Tebs, man uyos~. 505 33-e muxlSi nax-

senebia ̀ patroni mawyvereli~. ̀ patrons~,

sxva muxlis Tanaxmad, SeeZlo damna-

Savis `morbeva, mamulis waReba, gaZeve-

ba~ da sxv. (muxli 40). saerTod, samar-

Tali ixilavs sasjelebs mkvlelobis,

sxeulis dazianebis, Seuracxyofis, cil-

iswamebis, sqesobrivi danaSaulis, qa-

lis motacebis, colis an qmris dagdeb-

is, gaZarcvis, qurdobis, meqrTameobis,

Ralatis, TviTnebobis dros. agreTve,

Seicavs samoqalaqo samarTlis muxlebs,

romlebic ganixilaven sakuTrebis ufle-

bas, giravnobas, nasyidobas, mibarebas,

sesxs, Cuqebas, Tavdebobas, Txovebas, sao-

jaxo samarTals, memkvidreobas. sasa-

marTlo wyobilebasa da sasamarTlo war-

moebas eZRvneba muxlebi, romlebic ganix-

ilavs – bWisa da bWobis, Suakacis, fi-

cis da moficaris, mowmis, werilobiT

sabuTebis sakiTxebs.506

beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis wignis

boloSi darTulia kanonebi bagrat kura-

palatisa da saeklesio dadgenilebebi.

i. doliZis TvalsazrisiT, am kanonebis

sjulmdebeli unda iyos mefe bagrat IV

(1027-1072) da mas unda mieweros beqasa

da aRbuRas samarTlis wignis 99-160

504 q.s .Z., t. I. gv. 621; 505 iqve , gv. 433; 506 iqve, gv. 622.


kanonebi. sxva mecnierTa azriT, rogorc

ganvixileT, es kanonebi ekuTvnis bagrat

kurapalats (IX s.). es kanonebi èpisko-

posTa, didebulTa da aznaurTa da Wkuian-

Ta kacTa mefeTa winaSe erTbamad~ Seu-

muSavebiaT, anu `gauCeniaT~ `gangebiTa

RmrTisaTa~.507 maSasadame, kanonebis Se-

muSavebaSi eklesiis ierarqebs _ episko-

posebs didebulebTan erTad miuRiaT

monawileoba. muxlebis erTi nawili saek-

lesio saqmeebs awesrigebs, amitomac es

samarTali saeklesio samarTlis wyaroa.

p irv eliv e muxli mouwode bs mosa -

marTleebs ̀ marTali samarTali unda gaa-

CinoT RvTis SiSiT, qrTamisa da Tnebis

gareSe~. sasurvelad miiCnevda mosamar-

Tle momrigeblad daadginon `moZRvari~

an sxva sapatio piri. 103-e muxliT, Tu

episkoposi damnaSavea mefis winaSe, mefes

ar SeuZlia misi Sepyroba, aramed episko-

poss evaleba `Sexvewa, Sekazmva mefisa~.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa da cnobilia

bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis 102-e

muxli, romelSic naTqvamia _ `meore

mefe episkoposi ars~. mTlianad es mux-

li aseTia _ `Tu mefe episkopozsa gauw-

yres, gina usamarTlod, gina samarTliT,

xelTa SepyrobaY arca maSin moxdebis,

amisaTvis raYme meore mefe episkopozi

ars da qristianeTa sjulisa damamtki-

cebeli da raYca mefesa sjulisa saqme

aqvs, agre Seiwynaren~.508

maSasadame, episkoposisa da mefis iu-

ridiuli wona samarTlis samsjavros

winaSe Tanabaria, amitomac Tuki episko-

posi damnaSavea kanonis winaSe, igi iseve

unda daisajos, ra sasjelsac kanonmde-

bloba iTvaliswinebs mefisaTvis mocemuli

danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi. mefes damnaSave

episkoposis Sepyroba ar SeuZlia, ar

SeuZlia misi Sepyroba im SemTxvevaSic,

Tuki mefe piradad miiCnevs episkoposs

arasasurvel pirad. kanonmdebloba sa-

suliero da saero umaRles xelisufalT

(am SemTxvevaSi, mefesa da episkoposs)

aTanabrebs. es principi, i. doliZis azriT,

momdinareobs bizantiuri samarTlidan.509

es principi asaxulia vaxtangis samarT-

lis wignis 25-e muxlSic _ `mefisa da

kaTalikozis saqme... orisave swori aris,

amitom rom erTi xorcis xelmwifea da

meore sulisa~.

mefisa da episkoposis uflebrivad

gaTanabrebis principi aseve gatarebu-

lia bagratis samarTlis 103-e muxl-

Sic, romlis Tanaxmad sjulis, eklesiis,

episkoposisa da mefis winaSe damna-

Save mRvdeli, moZRvari an monazoni

ar e qve mdebare boda Sep yrobas. misi

qmedeba unda gamoeZiaT da Tanxis gada-

xdiT daesajaT.

ufro meti, 105-e muxlis Tanaxmad,

didebulis Tu sxvaTa mier sasuliero

piris SepyrobisaTvis sasjeli Sempyrobs

daedeboda. aseve isjeba Semdegi muxliT

mRvdlis meuRlis `momyinvebeli~. 106-e

muxliT didebuli, romelic episkoposs

Seaginebda, didi xvewnis Semdeg 40.000

TeTrs gadaixdida. xolo imave qmedebi-

saTvis aznauri 20.000 TeTriT daisje-

boda, sazogadod, momdevno muxlebi ume-

tesad eklesias, anda sasuliero pirebs

Seexeba, ase rom, bagrat kurapalatis

samarTalic saeklesio samarTlis wyaroa.

sainteresoa 121-e muxli, romlidanac

vigebT, rom eklesiaSi `qveynis sam-

locvelod~ dasvenebul macxovris xa-

tisaTvis qveyana valdebuli iyo See-

wira 30 glexi, e.i. maTgan Semosavali

unda moxmare boda xatis movla-pa -

507 q.s .Z., t. I. gv. 464 ; 508 iqve, gv 464; 509 iqve, gv. 641.


tronobas, dacvasa da mis winaSe locvis

saqmes. yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xa-

tisaTvis 12 glexi unda SeewiraT, am-

denive glexi iyo dadgenili sxva xate-

bisTvisac. amiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom

udidesi ganZi, Zvirfasi xatebi da saek-

lesio nivTebi eklesia-monastrebSi sauku-

neTa manZilze SesaniSnavad iyo daculi.

zemoT moyvanili muxlebi episkoposTa

xelSeuxeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi

imdenad gaTavisebuli iyo, rom mxolod

ucxoelebma _ sparselebma da rusebma

gabedes misi darRveva _ magaliTad,

rodesac rostom-xanma evdemoz kaTali-

kosi moakvlevina da rusma xelisuflebma

ki cemiT mokles dosiTeos quTaTeli

mitropoliti, imereTis kaTalikosis adg-

ilze mjdomi.

Wulevis saeklesio krebas, rogorc

aRvniSneT, mouZiebia da daurTavs aRbu-

Ras kanonebisaTvis beqa mandaturTuxu-

cesis da, agreTve, bagrat kurapalatis

kanonebi. Wulevis krebas unda daemate-

bina mTeli am samarTlis krebulisaTvis

e.w. `kanonikuri samarTlis~ muxlebi.

krebas am kanonebiT surda RalatiT Zmis

Tu sxva kacis mkvlelis, asoTa moWris,

brZolaSi moklulis gaZarcvis, usamarT-

lod saxelgatexili kacis mokvlis,

kanonieri colis wagvris, sasuliero

piris RalatiT mokvlis da sxva msgavsi

uzneo qmedebis aRmofxvra. amitomac

yovel muxls axlavs damarRvevlis wyev-

lis formula. sazogadod, qurdobis, ek-

lesiis gatexis, venaxis aWris, saydris

saqonlis motacebis, cecxlis wakide-

basa da sxva danaSaulSi mxilebuli

damnaSaveebi wyevliTac isjebodnen da,

agreTve, Sesabamisi kanoniTac (saekle-

sio sasjelis garda). kreba 165-e, 168-

170-e muxlebis dasasruls iTvaliswinebs

sanqcias, rom damnaSave ̀ kanonsameca qveSe

iqnebis wmidaca mociqulTaca~ _ rac

kanonikuri samarTlis formulas war-

moadgens.510 amitomac, aseTi muxlebis,

anu sakanonos dadeba SeeZlo swored

saeklesio krebas da asec moqceula Wu-

levis kreba. kanonebSi moxseniebuli

`sapiro da sanaxSiro~ unda niSnavdes,

samomrigeblos, samosalaparakeblos, anu

mxareTa Soris molaparakebisa da morige-

bis miRwevisaTvis gankuTvnil gasamrje-

los. `sanaxSo~ salaparako adgils erq-

va. samarTali, ZiriTadad, msoflio saek-

lesio krebaTa kanonebs eyrdnoba.

i. doliZe wers: `samcxe-saaTabagos

samTavros saSinao marTva-gamgeoba mTli-

anad patron _ aTabagis mier damoukide-

blad xorcieldeboda. ̀ imxanad saqarTve-

los mTlianoba imdenad daSlili iyo,

rom mefes TiTqmis aRaraviTari Zala aRar

hqonda~.511 sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba

saaTabagoSi patron aTabags ekuTvnis da

igi am uflebas saqarTvelos mefisagan

damoukideblad axorcielebs, igi aRWur-

vilia uzenaesi sasamarTlo xelisuflebi-

Tac~.512 magram sagangebod unda aRiniS-

nos, rom patroni aTabagi araa TviTmpy-

robeli xelisufali, mis samTavroSi zo-

gierTi gansakuTrebuli saxelisuflo da

sasamarTlo ufleba miniWebuli aqvs ek-

lesias, kerZod ki - awyuris episkoposs

(mawyverels). àwyuris episkoposis sasa-

marTlo iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda

mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da

samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi (beqa-aR-

buRas samarTlis mixedviT). mawyvereli

aTabagTan erTad axorcielebs umaRles

510 q.s .Z. t. I . gv. 630; 511 iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, IV, 1941, gv. 143; 512 i. doliZe,Zveli qarTuli samarTali, 1953, gv. 32.


sasamarTlo xelisuflebas. saaTabagos

saqarTvelos samefosagan gandgomam didi

gavlena moaxdina mawyverelis damoukide-

blobaze da misi sasamarTlo iurisdiqciis

zrdaze. saaTabagoSi mawyvereli iseTive

umaRlesi saeklesio Tanamdebobis piri

iyo, rogorc kaTalikosi saqarTveloSi.

Tu aTabagi saqarTvelos mefes arafers

ekiTxeboda, mawyverelic damoukidebeli

iyo mcxeTis saeklesio kaTedrisagan. sam-

cxe-saaTabagoSi igi damoukideblad ax-

orcielebda umaRles saeklesio xelisu-

flebas da sjulmdeblobas~.513 magram xaz-

gasmiTaa aRsaniSnavi, rom `Tu sasulie-

ro saqmeebSi mawyvereli uzenaesi piria,

saero samarTlis saqmeebSi is aTabagis

Tanasworia, masTan erTad axorcielebs

umaRles marTlmsajulebas~.514

amiT (e.i. samarTlis sferoSi aTa-

bagisa da mawyverelis TanasworobiT) aris

gamowveuli beqa-aRbuRas samarTlad cno-

bili wignebis Sedgeniloba. i. doliZis

TvalsazrisiT, beqasa da aRbuRas samar-

Tali Tavdapirvelad 98 muxlisagan

Sedgeboda (eyrdnoba 1672 wlis xel-

nawers), e.i. igi Sedgeboda mxolod beqa

mandaturTuxucesis da aRbuRa aTabag-

amirspasalaris samarTlisagan. mxolod

Semdgom saukuneebSi ̀ sxva muxlebi SemTx-

513 i. diliZe , Zveli qarTuli samarTali, 1953, gv. 116; 514 iqve , gv. 117; 515 iqve, gv. 42.

veviTa da SemTxveviT miumates am sa-

kanonmdeblo Zegls~.515 es Camateba i.

doliZis TvalsazrisiT, Seusrulebia

`vaxtang mefis sakodifikacio komisias~.

Cveni Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeba am mxriv.

Cveni fiqriT, WulevSi Sedga sakanonm-

deblo saeklesio kreba, romelmac sabo-

lood gamosca mTliani saxiT erTiani

sakanonmdeblo Zegli, romelic imTav-

iTve Sedgeboda rogorc beqasa da aRbu-

Ras samarTlisagan, agreTve Seicavda 99-

160 (e.i. bagrat kurapalatis samarTals)

da rac umTavresia, krebis mier gamocemul

161-170 muxlebs (e.i. kanonikur samar-

Tals). es gamowveuli unda yofiliyo

zemoaRniSnuli garemoebiT, kerZod, imiT

rom, marTalia patroni aTabagi saTave-

Si edga samTavros sakanonmdeblo xe-

lisuflebas, magram igi am udides ufle-

bas iziarebda mawyverelTan erTad. ek-

lesiis es uflebamosileba (samarTlis

sferoSi) kargad Canda uZveles adgi-

lobriv (yofil tao-klarjeTSi) SemuSave-

bul ZeglSi, romelic bagrat kurapa-

latis samarTlis saxeliT iyo cnobili

(IX s-is Zeglia). am Zeglis CarTviT

Wulevis krebam eklesiis uzenaesi sasa-

marTlo da saxelisuflo uflebani kidev

erTxel gaxada TvalsaCino da kanonmde-

blobis saxiT daamtkica.


`bagrat kurapalatis, beqasa da aRbuRas kanonebi~,`kanonikuri samarTali~


[Sesavali, beqa mandaturTuxucesis samarTlidan]. SeviyareniT WulevTa, min-dobilni RmrTisani da awyuris RmrTismSoblisani, da... davideviT wina pa-tronisa papiCemisa mandaturTuxucesis beqas ganaCeni da igi agreve srulobiT daukleblad davswereT.

da raca JamTa siaviTa sxvani uwesoni saqmeni Semosuliyvnen, maTi samarTalicazeda daurTeT, asre rome, _ rac sisxlisa da gerSisa, dasxmisa da Ralatisa darasa ginda ferisa dasaurvebeli saqme iyos.

patronisa papisCemisagan ganaCeni yazanuri TeTri iyo da ama JamT-Siga yaza-nuroba aR-sadme-moklebuliyo (//). da didis warCinebulis mefis giorgis JamisaTeTri gavaCineT; oriani xuTi dangi wminda vercxli da rogoraca aw Jamisa TeTriiyos, angariSiT ama wesiT aRiRebden.

amad ara CamovamcreviT, rome avi saqme nu visganme gaadvildebis.awyurisa da safarisa, viTa ZveliTgan yofiliyo, arca didsa mefesa moeSala da

Cven ganaRamca agreTve davamtkiceT.wigni samarTlisa kacTa Secodebisa yovlisavesaxeliTa RmrTisaQTa dausabamoQsa mamisa, Zisa da wmidisa sulisaQTa, meoxebiTa yov-

ladwmidisa RmrTismSobelisaQTa da yovelTa wmidaTa zecisa da queyanisaQTa, me, aTabag-amilspasalarman aRbuRa, movaHseneT patiosansa... mawyuerelsa da biZaZeTa CemTa, SaSiasa damissa Zmas safaris moZRuarsa pafnutis; xuTsave Temsa samcxisasa, taovelTa, SavSTa daklarjTa, da maT Sina myofTa episkopozTa da meudabnoveTa, moweseTa mowmobiTa. mind-obilni RmrTisani da yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisani, dav[i]deviT winaSe patronisapapisCemisa beqaQs ganaCeni; igi srulobiT da ukleblad davwereT; da raQca JamTa siaDTasxuani uwesoni saqmeni Semosrul iyvnes, maTi samarTali zeda daurTeT, ase rome, _ raQcasisxlisa, gerSisa dasxmisa, Ralatisa da raQsa ginda TeTrisa sauraDsa saqme iyos.

patonis papisCemisagan ganaCeni yazanuri TeTri iyo. ama Jamsa Sina yazanuroba arRaraiyo. didisa mefisa giorgis Jamisa TeTri gavaCineT: oriani xuTi dangi wmida vecxli. darogorca TeTri iyos, angariSad ima wesiTa aiRebodes. amad ara CamovamcreviT, rome avisaqme nu visgan gaadvildebis.

awyurisa da safarisa viTa ZveliTgan yofiliyo, arca didsa patonsa moeSala, CuenganaRamca egreTve davamtkiceT.

[bagrat kurapalatis samarTlidan] 100. vinca moZRuari iyos, anu mefeTawinaSe zrdili da namyofi kaci iyos, anu kargi did-vaWari, anu kargi soflisa


mamasaxlisi iyos, ageTi kaci dasvi bWed, Wkuiani iqnebis da kargad ecodinebisbWobaQ, da usamarTlos aras ityDs.

101. Tu ebiskopozman mefesa Sescodos, mefisagan Helad SepyrobaQ ara egebis,amad rome misda muqafad sasjelisa damamtkicebeli ars.

SexuewaQ, SekazmaQ marTebs ebiskopozsa mefisaQ.102. Tu mefe ebiskopozsa gauwyres, gina usamarTlod, gina samarTliTa, HelTa

SepyrobaQ arca maSin moHdebis, amisTDis rome meore mefe ebiskopozi ars da qris-tianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli.

da raQca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqus, agre Seiwynaren.103. Tu moZRuarman anu mRdelman, anu monazonman mefesa anu ebiskopozsa

Sescodos, anu sjulsa, anu eklesiasa Sescodos, HelTa aravisgan Seipyrobis.ga kiT xvaQ unda, da raQca mizezi daswamon, ma s m izezsa unda g amonaxv aQ

gardaHde vi ne ba Q.104. vinca, anu didebulman, anu aznaurman, anu sxuaman vinme, monazoni anu

mRdeli mZlavrebiT HelTa Seipyras, raQsaca guarisa iyos, mis sisxlsa xuTi aTasisxuaQ ematos.

da Tu guariani iyos anu Helismqonebeli, mi ssa si sxlsa naxev ari si sx-li e matos.

105. Tu kacman xucisa coli moayivnos, gina uzesTaesman, gina uquemoesman,missa sisxlsa samoci aTasi TeTri sxuaQ ematos.

106. Tu ebiskopozsa didebulman aginos, ormoci aTasi TeTri dauurvos dadidad Seexuewis.

1 07 . Tu [eb is ko pozs a] azna urma n ag inos , didiTa Se xuewiTa oci aT asiTeTri dauurvos.

108. Tu aznaurman anu didebulman mRdelsa aginos, anu uquemoesman, mesamedisixlisaQ dauurvos da didad Seexuewos.

109. Tu kacman kaci guemos da eklesiaQ gautexos, raQsaca guarisa iyos, srulisisxli dauurvos.

112. Tu igi eklesiaQ sanaxevro iyos, anu samesamedo, anu sameoTxedo, anusamrevlo, angariSi qnan da agre dauurvos, raQca wili edvas.

visiTaca mizeziTa damarTebodes, sapiro man dauurvos. da ima eklesiisa mo-ziareni gverca udgenda rome maTca ara gamoyon, ara emarTlebian.

113. Tu eklesiaQ mekobreTa gatexon patronisa ukiTxavad da ese daswamon, Senicodio, patronman mis mekobrisaman ucodneloba ficos ocdaoTxisa kaciTa dadaejerebis. mekobre HelTa misces, raQ ginda uyon, nu daemdurebis. alafica ukle-blad Seaqcion, gina maT gamoiRon.


115. Tu eklesiasa daesxnen, xuTi aTasi TeTri dauurvon saupatiod.121. sadaca macxovrisa xati esuenos samcvelod queyanisa, saupatiod ocdaaTi

glexi marTebs, Tormeti _ yovlad wmidisa, Tormeti _ mTavarangelozTa, Torme-ti _ sxuaTa wmidaTa mRvdelT-moZRvarTa, mociqulTa, wmidis giorgisa, naTlism-cemelisa da sxuaTa wmidaTa.

[kanonikuri samarTali] 161. romelmanca, vinca ginda didman, anu mciremankacman, RalatiT ZmaQ moklas da anu RalatiT sxuaQ kaci, krul da wyeul,SeCuenebul iyavn dausabamoQsa RmrTisa piriTa.

da viTarisaca guarisa iyos kaci igi, orkeci sisxli dauurvos.da vinca uSuelos da Seiwynaros, krul da wyeul, SeCuenebul iyavn.162. vinca qristianeman kacman Zmas Tualni daswunes cxadad anu Ralatad, anu

mohkueTos raQme asoTagani, sisxli sruli da sanaxSiro dauurvos.krul da wyeul, SeCuenebul iyavn, da cudmca ars mosaHsenebeli sicocxle da

sikudili misi.163. brZolaTa Sina romelica kaci mokudes, abjrisagan kide tansacmelsa da

nifxav-perangsa nu vin moHdis.krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn RmrTisa piriTa.164. vinca mekobre, mejurmuce da mparavi kaci moklas, cxadad gamoCndes, rome

usamarTlo yofiliyos, _ vinca misman naTesavman da saSualTa misi sisxli ikiTx-on, krul da SeCuenebul da wyeul iyavn.

165. romelman kacman vis ginda misi gDrgDn nakurTxi coli wauRos da mosta-cos, sruli sisxli dauurvos, rasaca guarisa iyos.

krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul [iyavn] piriTa RmrTisaQTa.da kanonsamca queSe iqmnebis wmidaTa mociqulTasa.166. romelmanca, vin ginda guarman kacman, xucesi, monazoni anu diakoni

malviT, RalatiT moklas, Seipyras da gaZarcos, ori keci sisxli dauurvos.krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul [iyavn] suli da Horci misi.167. romelmanca kacman ra ginda ra moiparos da gamoCndes, ornive Tualni

daewunen da anu Hel-ferHi daeWras.Tu sapatiJosa adgilsa ara moeparos, vin iyiddes, viTaca daafason, egre

mihyidon, da naparevi dauklebliv missa patronsa misces.da krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn.168. romelmanca kacman, didman anu mcireman, raQsa ginda nivTianisa saqmis-

aTDs da mterobisaTDs, sisxlisa da valisa gardaHdisaTDis eklesiaQ gatexos anucecxli Seudvas da dawuas, anu cxadad anu idumal, kanonsamca queSe ars wmidaTamociqulTasa da wmidaTa krebaTasa.


krul da wyeul da SeCvenebul iyavn.mcire ese dasaurvebeli gangDiCenia, _ raQca amisa eklesiisa dasaurvebeli

patiJi eweros da gaCenil iyos, orkeci dauurvos, da alafi raQca waeRos, uzRos.amave kanonsa queSe iyos kaci igi.

169. romelmanca kacman, ginda sisxlisa da gulis tkivilisaTDis, venaHidaWras anu xeni nayofierni, anu yanaQ daTibos, cxadad anu idumal, krul da wyeulda SeCuenebul iyavn kaci igi caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda.

[1691]. vinca saydrisa saqonebelTa senakTa, agaraTa, saxlTa, beRelTa, ma-ranTa da vis ginda sxuaTa kacisa mosaHmarebelTa RamiT cecxli Seudvas, raQsaginda sisxlisa [da] mterobisaTDs, raQsaca gulis tkivilisaTDs anu movalebi-saTDs, krul, wyeul da SeCueneul iyavn igi kaci caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda.

da romlisaca saqmisaTDis qnas igi saqme, gardaHdes.da viTarca adgili iyos, sisxli da patiJi gardaiHados da kanonsa queSe iyos.

da danaklebi uzRos.170. vin ginda kacman raQsa ginda saqmisa da mterobisaTDs saydarsa da saydrisa

saqonebelsa malviTa anu cxadad cecxli Seudvas, dawuas ra ginda ra, cxadadgamoCndes, saydris patiJad ocdaTormeti aTasisa TeTrisa dauurvos.

da krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn, da cudmca ars mosaHsenebeli suli daHorci misi amas sofelsa da mas saukunosa dausabamoQsa RmrTisa madliTa dakanonsa queSe ars wmidaTa mociqulTasa.51 6

516 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I., 1963, gv . 425-473.


XV s-is bolos saqarTveloSi Camo-

sula antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqi

mixeili, misTvis umaspinZlia bediel-

caiSel episkopos ioakimes, mefe bagrats,

d a d i a n - g ur i el S a m a d a vl a s , s x v a

erisTavebs, didebulebs, aznaurebs. say-

ovelTao, saqveyno saWiroebisaTvis an-

tioqiel patriarqs Zegliswerac dau-

tovebia, romelsac boloSi `biWvintis

RvTismSoblisa saWeTmpyrobeli kaTa-

likozis~ beWedi azis. amitomac unda

vifiqroT, rom antioqia-ierusalimis pa-

triarqis mixeilis Camosvlisas moxda

Sekreba episkoposebisa, miT umetes, rom

am dros axali kaTalikosic ukurTxebi-

aT, rac, cxadia, episkoposTa Sekrebis

gareSe ar moxdeboda, amitomac maT Tav-

Seyras SeiZleba `kreba~ uwodiT.

zogierTi istorikosis TvalsazrisiT,

antioqielma patriarqma xeli daasxa

afxazeTis kaTalikoss, akurTxa igi da

amiT TiTqosda qarTuli eklesiis wiaRi-

dan gamoyo lixT-imereTis (afxazeTis)

sakaTalikoso. am Tvalsazrisis gaziareba

ar SeiZleba. saqme isaa, rom rogorc

antioqieli patriarqis XV s-Si saqar-

TveloSi Camosvlamde, ise mas Semdegac,

afxazeTis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos

sakaTalikoso yovelTvis iyo qarTuli

eklesiis erT-erTi cocxali da Zlieri

nawili. mis mrevls warmoadgendnen dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qarTvele-

bi, romelnic mterTagan SedarebiT dac-

ulobis gamo, mtkiced inarCunebdnen

Zvel-qarTul adaTebs, wesebsa da Cveule-

bebs. am sakaTalikosoSi mudam, vidre

XIX s-mde, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebamde, wir-

caiS-bediis Sekreba (1470-1474 ww.)

va-locvis, RvTismsaxurebis erTaderTi

ena iyo qarTuli ena. afxazeTis kaTali-

kosebi mudam qarTvelebi iyvnen iseve,

rogorc episkoposebi da cxadia, mrev-

lic. sabuTebi, sigelebi, gujrebi, war-

werebi mxolod da mxolod qarTulad

iyo Sedgenili.

Cvenamde moRweulia gvarebi afxaze-

Tis kaTalikosebisa, romelnic zeobdnen

antioqieli patriarqis mixeilis Semdeg,

yvelas gvari qarTulia, yvelani qarTu-

li eklesiis cnobili moRvaweni arian,

maT Sesaxeb da maTi xeliT Sedgenili

mravali dokumentia moRweuli, esenia:

malaqia abaSiZe (1519-1532), evdemon Cxe-

tiZe (1557-1578), eqvTime I sayvareliZe

(1578-1605), malaqia gurieli (1616-1639),

maqsime maWutaZe (1639-1657), zaqaria

qvariani (1657-1660), simon CxetiZe (1660-

1666), evdemon II sayvareliZe (1666-1669),

eqvTime II sayvareliZe (1669-1673), dav-

iT nemsaZe (1673-1696), grigol lorT-

qifaniZe (1696-1742), germane wulukiZe,

besarion erisTavi (1742-1769), ioseb

bagrationi, maqsime abaSiZe (1776-1795)

da sxvebi. arc erTi maTgani ar kurTx-

eula ucxo patriarqis mier, ase rom,

antioqieli patriarqis mixeilis mier

afxazeTis kaTalikos ioakimes kurTxe-

vas, Tu es namdvilad ase moxda, ar

SeuzRudavs dasavleT saqarTvelos saka-

Talikosos TavisTavadoba _ avtokefa-

lia, sxva, romelime ucxo eklesiis

sasargeblod, araviTari zegavlena ar

mouxdenia am mxriv mis kanonikur mdgo-

mareobaze . SesaZlebelia ucxo patri-

arqma mixeilma monawileoba miiRo bedi-

eli episkoposis (ioakimes) kaTalikosad


kurTxevaSi, anda xeli Seuwyo mas, raTa

daeWira sakaTalikoso taxti. cxadia,

yovelive es ar amcirebs ucxo patriar-

qis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis sawi-

naaRmdegod mimarTul qmedebas, romel-

ic kargad aqvs gamokvleuli iv. javax-

iSvils. igi wers: `saqarTvelos swvevia

antioqiisa da ierusalimis patriarqi mix-

eili, Cveni qveyana Cveuli iyo am ucxo-

qveynel mRvdelmTavarTa stumrobasa da

kalmasobas, Tavis mogzaurobis gasamar-

Tleblad da fulebis datyuebis gasaad-

vileblad, Tanac saqarTvelos Tavisi

mudmiv Semosavlis wyarod qcevisaTvis

ierusalimel-antioqieli patriarqebi

cdilobdnen mTeli TavianTi yofaqcevi-

saTvis kanonieri safuZveli moeZebnaT.

gankerZoebis momxre mefe-mTavrebi saqar-

TveloSi sargeblobdnen am mRvdel-

mTavrebis mogzaurobiT TavianTi mizneb-

is gansaxorcieleblad~.517

CamosvlisTanave mixeili Tavis saqmes

Sesdgomia: ìqna gamoZieba da mokiTxva

gujarTa, davTarTa da iadgarTa, viTar

igi pirvelad qarTlisa da afxazeTisa

kaTalikozni antioqiisa patriarqisagan

ikurTxebodian~, _ wers antioqieli pa-

triarqi.518 maSasadame, am ucxoel patri-

arqs dauwyia qarTul saeklesio sabuTebSi

masalis moZieba imis dasamtkiceblad,

rom uZveles dros, qarTveli kaTaliko-

sebi antioqiis patriarqisagan ikurTxe-

bodnen. ratom ar moZebna man amis Sesaxeb

berZnuli sabuTebi TviT antioqiasa da

sxvagan? Cans, Zebna kidec, magram ve-

raferisaTvis miugnia, marTlac, cnobilia,

rom pirdapiri ucxouri wyaroebi qarTu-

li eklesiis ucxour eklesiaze damok-

idebulebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs,519 ami-

tomac antioqieli patriarqi iZulebu-

li gamxdara TviT qarTul sabuTebSi

moeZebna raime masala. rogorc cnobil-

ia, qarTul wyaroebSi moipoveba naw-

yvetebi efrem mcires naSromidan qarTu-

li eklesiis odesRac antioqia-ierusal-

imze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. efrem

mcirem Tavis naSromSi ùwyeba mizezsa

qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~ gamoiyena berZnu-

li wyaroebi, magram, rogorc gamokv-

leuli gvaqvs, efrems ucxouri cnobebi,

romelnic exeboda `qvemo iberiis~ ekle-

sias, miuCnevia zogadad qarTul, anu

ìberiis~ eklesiis Sesaxeb daweril cno-

bad. saqme isaa, rom ucxoelebi `qvemo

iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen

dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) ek-

lesias, xolo zemo iberiis saarqiepisko-

posos aRmosavleT saqarTvelos (qarT-

lis) sakaTalikosos. efremis am naSro-

midan nawyvetebi Sesuli iyo sxvadasxva

saeklesio sabuTSi, swored maTTvis mi-

ugnia patriarq mixeils da ucdia gamo-

eyenebina Tavis sasargeblod. `cxadia, Tu

risTvis dasWirdeboda es cnoba mixeil

patriarqs. mas undoda am Zveli damok-

idebulebiT esargebla, igi antioqiis

mRvdelmTavarTa saqarTvelos eklesiaze

batonobis ganaxleba-aRdgenaze ocnebobda

ukve, rodesac mas cnoba xelT eqnebo-

da, maSin gulubryvilo xalxs ufro

advilad daarwmunebda, rom saqarTvelos

eklesiis Sinaur saqmeebSi Carevis ufleba

hqonda da rogorc `JamTa siZvelisagan

da soflisa siveragisagan iyvnes mravalni

wesni SeSliT da gardaqceviT.520 viTomc

amgvaradve qarTuli eklesiis TviTmwyem-

soba da damoukidebloba ukanono da `SeS-

lil~ wesad undoda gamoecxadebina~.521

517 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. III, 1982, gv. 337; 518 `mcnebai sasjulo~, qarTuli samarTlisZeglebi, III , gv. 222; 519 a. jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996, 315-325; 520 samarTlis Zegl., III, gv. 222; 521 iv. javaxiSvili, III, gv. 337.


`vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim, mar-

jvena ierusalimisa afxazeTis kaTalikozi

da kurTxeulmca ars, davayeneT da davs-

viT yovelTa qristianeTa lixT-amerisa,

odiSisa , guriisa da afxazeTisa . . .

vakurTxeT~,520 wers mixeil patriarqi.

araa SemTxveviTi, rom igi mravlobiT

ricxvSi laparakobs, maSasadame, iovakime

afxazeTis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos

kaTalikosad akurTxa ara marto man,

aramed sxvebmac. vis hqonda ufleba kaTa-

likosis kurTxevisa? avtokefalur ek-

lesiaSi, rogorc aucilebeli wesi, kaTa-

likoss (e.i. meTaurs) akurTxebs episko-

posTa kreba mocemuli eklesiisa, swored

amiT gamoixateba am eklesiis avtokefa-

lia. rogorc Cans, dasavleT saqarTve-

lo s e p is kop ose b i Se kre b il an da

gamourCeviaT meTauri, patriarq mixeils

ki kurTxevaSi monawileoba miuRia.

rogorc Cans, ufro adre dasavleT

saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) kaTalikosis

kurTxevaSi aqtiur monawileobas iReb-

da q arTlis kaTalikosi , romelsac

agreTve hqonda tituli `saqarTvelos

patriarqisa~. axla ki igi axali kaTa-

likosis kurTxevaze ar miuwveviaT, anda

ver Casula. maSasadame, mixeilis dros

afxazeTis sakaTalikosom TavisTavadoba

ki ar dakarga antioqiis sasargeblod,

ar am ed man ufro ai ma Rla Ta v i si

damoukidebloba qarTlis kaTalikosis mi-

marT. afxazeTis erTi kaTalikosis sabu-

Ti, romelsac qvemoT moviyvanT, uCvenebs,

rom im dros qarTul eklesiaSic dawye-

bula igive procesi, romelic ukve daw-

yebuli iyo qveyan aSi _ danawevreba

damoukidebel administraciul erTeule-

bad. aRsaniSnavia, rom garkveul dromde

imereTisa da kaxeTis mefeebi iCendnen

ara separatizms, am sityvis klasikuri

gagebiT, aramed, piriqiT, surdaT cen-

traluri xelisufleba maT xelSi gada-

suliyo, TavianT Tavs ̀ imereTis~ an ̀ kax-

eTis~ mefeebs ki ar uwodebdnen, aramed

sruliad saqarTvelos kanonier mefee-

bad warmoaCendnen Sesabamisi sruli

titulaturiT: `mefe afxazTa, qarTvel-

Ta, ranTa, kaxTa~ da a.S. kuTxur-re-

gionalur politikur erTeulTa meTau-

rebi TavianT Tavs miiCnevdnen sruliad

saqarTvelos mefeebis kanonier memkvi-

dreebad, maSasadame, maTSi arsebobda sur-

vili saqarTvelos erTianobisa, oRond

TavianTi meTaurobiT. msgavsi procesi

yofila dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxaze-

Tis) sakaTalikosoSic. afxazeTis kaTa-

likoss ara gamoyofa surda saqarTve-

los eklesiidan, aramed miiswrafoda,

rom mas mikuTvneboda ̀ sruliad saqarTve-

los kaTalikos-patriarqis~ tituli, es

Cans 1712 wels Sedgenil Sewirulobis

wignSi ̀ kaTalikos grigol lorTqifaniZ-

isa biWvinTisadmi~, am sabuTSi afxaze-

Tis kaTalikosi Tavis Tavs `sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikoss~ uwodebs, ker-

Zod, sabuTs boloSi azis beWedi aseTi

warweriT: ̀ grigol mwyemsi qristes mier

yovlisa saqarTvelosa kaTalikozi~.522

aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom afxazeTis

(dasavleT saqarTvelos) eklesia ara Tu

gamoeyo qarTul eklesias, piriqiT, swored

mas miaCnda WeSmarit qarTul eklesiad

Tavisi Tavi, xolo misi saWeTmpyrobeli

`yoveli saqarTvelos kaTalikozad~.

marTalia, administraciuli Tval-

sazrisiT qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTa-

likosoebi TavisTavadni iyvnen, magram

ar unda daviviwyoT analogiuri SemTx-

vevebi msoflio eklesiaSi. magaliTad,

522 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv . 1970, gv. 675.


berZnul eklesiaSi arsebobs erTmane-

Tis mimarT sruliad avtokefaluri

berZnuli sapatriarqoebi (konstantinop-

olis, aleqsandriis, ierusalimis), saar-

qiepiskoposoebi (eladis, kviprosis), da

maT garda arsebobs agreTve avtonomi-

uri berZnuli saeklesio erTeulebi (Te-

salonikis, aTonis) da sxv. analogiuri

md gom ar eob aa som xur e kle si aSi c .

sulieri TvalsazrisiT erTian da mTlian

somxur eklesiaSi arsebobdnen erTmane-

Tis mimarT avtokefaluri sapatriarqoebi

da sakaTalikosoebi (magaliTad, aRvan-

qis, anu albaneTis sakaTalikoso, daars-

da VI-VIII ss-Si, iarseba 1813 wlamde),

ierusalimis sapatriarqo (somxuri),

daarsda VI s-Si, gamoeyo centralur

somxur sakaTalikosos 1311 wels, ar-

sebobs amJamadac, aRTamaris sakaTali-

koso (1113-1895), kilikiis sakaTaliko-

so (arsebobs 1446 wlidan dRemde), kon-

stantinopolis sapatriarqo (somxuri,

arsebobs 1461 wlidan), Tu ra Tqma

unda, aRaras vityviT eCmiaZinis sapa-

triarqoze.

ze moT moyv anilidan gamomdinare,

yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli gancx-

adeba imisa, TiTqosda antioqiis patri-

arqis mixeilis qmedebaTa Sedegad àfx-

azeTis qarTuli eklesiis TviTmwysobis

ufleba Seilaxa, damoukidebloba mois-

po da ierusalim-antioqiis patriarqis

xelqveiTi Seiqmna~.523 es araswori mo-

sazrebaa. antioqieli patriarqis mixei-

lis Camosvlis Semdeg, rogorc iTqva,

dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso ar

damorCilebia ierusalim-antioqiis sapa-

triarqos, misi TavisTavadoba da TviTm-

wysobis ufleba ar SezRudula. XV-

XVIII ss-is uamravi dokumenti da masala,

romelic afxazeTis sakaTalikosodanaa

gamosuli, anda mas exeba, niSanwyalsac

ki ar Seicavs imisa, rom es sakaTaliko-

so ierusalim-antioqiis sapatriarqosadmia

daqvemdebarebuli. erTaderTi wyaro,

romelic TiTqosda aseTi mosazrebis

gamoTqmis nebas iZleva, aris Cveni gan-

saxilveli `mcnebaY sasjuloY~, romel-

ic, rogorc Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi

ganixileboda ara viTarca iuridiuli,

aramed istoriuli xasiaTis dokumenti.

ase, magaliTad, Tuki e.w. `kaTalikozTa

samarTals~ samoqmedo iuridiuli xasi-

aTis dokumentad miiCnevdnen Semdgomi

drois kaTalikosebi da mas `ganaaxlebd-

nen~ kidec, e.i. mis Zalmosilebas Tavi-

anTi xelis moweriT da kvlav xelaxla

amtkicebdnen, `mcnebaY sasjuloYs~ xels

arc erTi imdroindeli episkoposi da

arc erTi Semdegi drois kaTalikosi ar

awers. am dokuments erTi xelismowera-

beWedi azis, albaT, kaTalikosad axal-

nakurTxi iovakimesi.

zemoT moyvanilidan gamomdinare, arc

aseTi gancxadebaa swori: àm saqcieliT

patriarqma mixeilma, bagrat mefem da

dadian-gurielma Samadavlam qarTveli

eris saukeTeso SvilTa da mTeli xalx-

is mier saukuneTa brZoliT monapovari,

qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba mospes

da gaanadgures~.52 4

qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba mar-

Tlac qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa

saukunovani brZoliT miRweuli monapo-

varia, magram misi SebRalva, sabedni-

erod, ver SeZlo antioqielma patri-

arqma mixeilma, Tumca ki, rogorc Cans,

mas didi survili da mizanswrafvac hqo-

nia, rac gamomJRavnebulia imave doku-

mentSi _ `mcnebaY sasjuloYSi~. ker-

523 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, III, gv. 338; 524 iqve, gv. 338.


Zod, mixeils SeuTxzavs Teoria saqarTve-

los eklesiis mTlianobis dasarRvevad.

sxvaTa Soris, am Teorias amJamadac sia-

movnebiT imeorebs qarTuli eklesiis is-

toriis gadmocemisas ara erTi piri,

Tumca ki, cxadia, yovelgvari winaswar-

ganzraxvis gareSe. es Teoria SemdgomSi

mdgomareobs – TiTqosda wm. andria mo-

ciquli ganmanaTlebelia ara sruliad

saqarTvelosi, aramed mxolod misi dasav-

leTi nawilisa, amgvaradve wm. nino gan-

manaTlebelia ara sruliad saqarTvelo-

si, aramed mxolod misi aRmosavleTi

nawilisa (qarTlisa). es Teoria, rogorc

aRiniSna, XV s-Si SeTxza patriarqma

mixeilma, Zvel saqarTveloSi ki amis

Sesaxeb sxvagvari mosazreba hqondaT. iv.

javaxiSvili wers: `...giorgi mTawmide-

li da gansakuTrebiT efrem mcire, ruis-

urbnisis 1103 wlis saeklesio krebis

yvela sulisCamdgmeli da nikoloz kaTa-

likosi amtkicebdnen, rom andria mo-

ciqulma iqadaga `yovelsa queyanasa

saqarTveloYsasa~, xolo SemdegSi davi-

wyebuli qristianoba kvlav aRadgina wm.

ninom, romlis saswaulmoqmedebam da

qadagebam `miizida yoveli savseba yov-

lisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~.525 nikoloz

kaTalikosic wm. ninos saerTo mociqu-

lad da ganmanaTleblad miiCnevda `Cuen

qarTvelTaYsa~.526 erTi sityviT, andria

mociqulica da wm. ninoc saerTo qarTuli

eklesiis damaarseblad da mTeli qarTveli

eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni.

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva nawilisaTvis

calke mqadageblebis arsebobis azri da

gamoZebnis survili ara hqoniaT, radgan

isini mTliani da ganuyofeli saqarTve-

los ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis

iRvwodnen. antioqiel-ierusalimeli pa-

triarqi mixeili swored am qarTvel sax-

elovan mecnierTa mier Seqmnilsa da

mTeli qarTveli erisagan Sesisxlxor-

cebul Semecnebas spobda~.527

qarTvelTa fsiqikuri erTobis am erT-

erTi gamoxatulebisaTvis safuZvlis

gamoclas Turme patriarq mixeilTan

erTad qarTveli didebulebic uwyobd-

nen xels, rogorc aRniSnavs iv. javax-

iSvili, es mas gasaocar saqmed miaCnia.

masve gamorkveuli aqvs T. Jordaniasa

da s. kakabaZis Sromebze dayrdnobiT,

rom `mcnebaY sasjuloY~ dawerili unda

iyos 1470-1474 wlebSi. amis safuZvels

iZleva is, rom ZeglSi moxseniebuli

Samadavla `bediani~ gaxda 1470 wels

da 1474 wels ki gardaicvala. im droi-

saTvis dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebob-

da samTavro `sabedianos~ saxelwodeb-

iT, mis mTavars `bediani~ erqva. `mcnebaY

sasjuloYdan~ Cans, rom bediani didi

erisTavT-erisTavi Samadavla `dadian-gu-

rieli~ yofila, maSasadame, mas samegre-

los garda, guriac sWeria. SeiZleba

vifiqroT, rom am samTavros dedaqala-

qi bediaSi iyo. Cans, episkoposTa Soris

dedaqalaqis, e .i. bediis episkoposi yve-

laze metad gandidebula da mas preten-

zia ganucxadebia dasavleT saqarTvelos

(afxazeTis) sakaTalikoso taxtze. am

saqmeSi mas, rogorc aRvniSneT, anti-

oqieli mixeili daxmarebia, caiSel-

bedieli iovakime kaTalikosi gamxdara.

Cans, kaTalikosobis drosac misi Zir-

iTadi samyofeli ara biWvinTaSi, aramed

samTavros karze, e.i. bediaSi iyo. Tvi-

Ton `mcnebaY sasjuloY~ miuTiTebs,

rom namdvili afxazeTi, sadac biWvin-

Ta mdebareobs, im droisaTvis sarwmu-

noebriv kriziss ganicdida. patriarqi

525 ruis-urbnisis Zeglis wera, qronikebi, II, gv. 58; 526 saswaulni sveticxovelisa, iqve, gv. 40-43,69; 527 iv. javaxiSvili, t. III , gv. 340.


mixeili amitomac miuTiTebda: àfxazebi

qristianobisagan sruliad midrekil

iyvnes, qristes mcnebaTagan ganSorebul

iyvnes~. 52 8 aRniSnulTa gamo unda vi-

fiqroT, rom mixeili miiRes ara biWvin-

TaSi, aramed mterTagan ufro dacul

qalaqSi, Cans, bediaSi. albaT, aqve aiy-

vanes sakaTalikoso taxtze iovakime ,

krebac aqve unda Catarebuliyo. cxadia,

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso mxolod sabe-

dianos ar moicavda, aramed srul dasav-

leT saqarTvelos, `mcnebaY sasjuloY-

Si~ gadmocemulia misi iurisdiqciis

sazRvrebi: ̀ lixTa amerisa, Woroxs aqaT,

ovseTsa aqaT, zRvaY pontoYsa aqaT, sada

didi biWuintisa sazRvari miawevs~.529

maSasadame, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso far-

glavda teritorias Savi zRvidan lixis

mTamde, Woroxidan kavkasiis qedamde. es

iyo sruliad dasavleTi saqarTvelo. ̀ lix-

Ta-ameri, odiSi, guria, afxazeTi~ _

rogorc es Zeglidan Cans.

am droisaTvis, rogorc aRniSnuli

iyo, saqarTvelos daSla-danawevrebas,

politikur urCobas, Tan daerTo xalx-

is zneobrivi dacema. aseT dros rogorc

sasuliero, ise saxelmwifo moRvaweebs

esaWiroebodaT msoflio qristianobis

burjTagan Semweoba da daxmareba. amit-

omac, cxadia, siamovnebiTa da sixaru-

liT miiRes antioqiel-ierusalimeli pa-

triarqi, romelmac `mcnebaY sasjuloY~

misca maT. ierusalim-antioqiis avtori-

teti xalxs zneobriv daxmarebas uwev-

da. `kanonikuri epistoles xasiaTi aqvs

im `sasjulTa mcnebas~, romelic XV s-

Si miucia afxazeTis sakaTalikososTvis

antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqs mixeils...

mcnebaSi gaTvalisiwinebulia Semdegi mux-

lebi: 1. ùxvedri an ukanono qorwine-

ba~... 2. `mruSoba~. .. 3. `marxvis Sere-

va~... 4. ̀ uqmeTa darRveva an axlis SemoRe-

ba~... 5. ̀ mRvdelmsaxurTa zneobrivi Tvise-

bani da movaleobani~. .. 6. àdamianis mkv-

leloba~... 7. `samonastro da saeklesio

mamulebis mitaceba~... 8. ̀ saeklesio kanon-

ebisa da samRvdeloebisadmi morCileba~.530

TviTon antioqieli patriarqi ̀ mcnebaY

sasjuloYSi~ aRniSnul kanonikur mux-

lebis CamoTvlas iwyebs mimarTviT mrev-

lisadmi: èse qarta-werili TqvenTvis

aRvwere~. imdroindeli saqarTvelos sa-

zogadoeba daavadebuli iyo urCobis

seniT. urCoba iyo ZiriTadi mizezi qvey-

anaSi arsebuli politikur-zneobrivi

qaosisa. amitomac `qarta-werilis~ mux-

le bSi , Se iZle b a iTq v as , Z iriTadi

yuradReba eTmoba morCilebas. magaliTad,

i. doliZis dayofiT, me-8 muxli aseTia:

àw Svilno Zmano da mamano gauwyebT da

gamcnebT: vinca da ramanca kacman qris-

tianeman anu didman da anu mcireman

patronsa uRalatos, anu usamarTlod

uorgulos, qriste RmerTi da sjuli

uaruyvies. egreTve usamarTloY orguli

meoreman nu Seiwynaros~.531 sxva mravali

muxli e ZRvn e b a p atronis , qv e ynis ,

mRvdelmTavrisadmi morCilebas. am mxriv,

uTuod Tavis droisaTvis didad sasarge-

blo kanonikuri xasiaTis Semcvelia gan-

saxilveli Z e gli, romelic , C an s ,

drodadro ivseboda an icvleboda kidec.

magaliTad, masSi uqme dRis darRveva-

daa miCneuli paraskevs `miwis areva~,

ès ukanaskneli SeniSvna unda iyos Sem-

degi drois interpretacia, osmalTa ze-

gavleniT Cadenili~.532 aqve ̀ marxvis Ser-

evadaa~ miCneuli àlajoris~ marxvis

528 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 222; 529 iqve , gv. 223; 530 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuliliteraturis istoria, I, gv. 568; 531 q.s .Z., III , gv. 225; 532 k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr ., gv. 568.


darRveva, àlajori~ somxuri eklesiis

praqtikaSi miRebuli marxva iyo, amitom

misi moxvedra ̀ mcnebaY sasjuloYSi~ gao-

cebas iwvevs da aRZravs fiqrs, natyuar

anda saxecvlil ZeglTan xom ar gvaqvs

saqme? yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zegli erT

raimes ueWvelad gviCvenebs, XV s-is

70-ian wlebSi qarTul saeklesio cen-

tralizebul erTobas bzari Seepara.

antioqiel patriarqs ki amisaTvis xeli

Seuwyia, dasavleT saqarTvelos ekle-

sias administraciuli damoukidebloba

moupovebia qarTlis (mcxeTis) sapatri-

arqosagan. magram sabolood antioqiel

patriarqs miznisaTvis ver miuRwevia.

marTalia, SesaZloa, amis Semdeg dasav-

leT saqarTvelos kaTolikosis kurTx-

evaSi mcxeTeli patriarqis neba Sesus-

tda, magram saeklesio-zneobrivi urT-

ierTdamokidebuleba or qarTul sakaTa-

likosos Soris ar darRveula. amas miu-

TiTebs e.w. `kaTalikosTa samarTali~,

romlis SemuSavebaSic saqarTvelos orive

kaTalikosi monawileobda.

`mcnebai sasjuloi~

[1470-1474 ww.]

mcnebaQ ese sasjuloQ, urwmunoTa momaqcevelida morwmuneTa ganmamtkicebeli da ganmamHnobeli,

yovelTa qristianeTaTvis movlenili zecisa qalaqisa ierusalimisaganda caTa mobaZvisa antioqiisa

[c]is mbadisagan arsTa yovelTa RmrTisa mamisa, Zisa da sulisa wmidisaTa,romeli Cuenisa xsnisaTvis caTa kamaraTagan ganzraxDTa mamisaTa Hsnisa CuenisaTDsgardamoxda. da saSoQ qalwulisa daimkDdra da iSva uqcevelad da iHsnna qmnilnixatad pirisa misisani qalwulisagan uqorwinebulisa iSva da daiTminna mizezni dayuedrebaQ, kicxevaQ, basrobaQ, jvarcmaQ da daflvaQ. guerca laxuriTa mowylul-man aRmogDcena ukvdavebaQ, romelsa Suenis didebaQ da pativi dausabamoQT TanamamiT, ZiT da suliT wmidiTurT.

[da] viTar ineba da igulsmodgina man, arsebiT miuwdomelman, da RmrTaebiTmmarTebelman sjulisa qristeanobisaman, da uxrwnelad da ubiwod mSobelman mis-man, da madlman zecisa qalaqisa ierusalimisaman da caTa mobaZvisa antioqiisaman,da movivline RmrTisa mier me, yovelTa narCevi, ierusalimisa da antioqiisapatriarqi mixael, moviwie didsa mas qristes samwysosa, mazebelsa ierusalimis-asa, saqarTvelosa.


viTa saTanado ars mefeTa, dadianTa, aTabagTa, erisTavTa, amilaxorTa, dide-bulTa, aznaurTa da yovelTa qristes sjulisa mosavTa morwmuneTagan mokiTxuaQ,ganages mokiTxua sjulisa, saydarTa, monasterTa, omforisa da kaTalikoz-ebiskoposTa.

da moikiTxes, ZueliT vidre axladmde, RmrTivgDrgDnosanman bagrat da didmanerisTavTerisTavman dadian-gurielman Samadavla, misTa TavadTa TanadgomiTa dadidad RmrTisagan saTnod gamorCeulisa, pativ sarveiTanisa (/) RmerT-Semosil-isa [caiSel] - bedielisa iovakimisa.

iqmna gamoZiebaQ da mokiTxvaQ guarTa, davTarTa, da iadgarTa, da viTar-igipirvelad qarTlisa da afxa zeTisa kaTalikozni antioqi isa patri arxTag anikur[T]xeodian, da JamTa siZuelisagan da s[o]flisa siverageTagan iyunes mravalniwesni SeSliT da gardaqceviT, vnaxeT da SevemTxDen madlsa, viTarca meufisa,caiSel-bediel mTavarebiskopozisa iovakimisTa.

nebiTa da SewevniTa RmrTisaTa, da didisa da caTa mobaZavisa ierusalimisamadliTa, da caTamdis maRlisa kaTolike saydrisa antioqiisa RmrTismSobelisameoxebiTa, vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim, marjuenaQ ierusalimisa, afxazeTisakaTalikozi da kurTxeulmca aris, davayene[T] da davsviT afxazeTs, saydarTamaT andria mociqulisaTa, yovelTa qristianeTa lixT-amersa, odiSisa, guri[i]sada afx azeTi sa . yov elTa urCTa da RmrTis a ara n eb is myofelad m yofTaTDsmomaqc[e]velad vakurTxeT.

da urCqmnil iyunes yovelni, da viTa saTnoebani ugulebels-eyunes ebiskopoz-Ta da moZRuarTa, mRdelTa da diakonTa, berTa da erTa, didad eSroma mas,marj[ue]nasa ierusalimisasa, kacsa RmrTisasa iovakims. da afxazeTi qristeano-bisagan sruliad midrekil iyunes, qristes mcnebaTagan ganSorebul iyunes.

aw gamovnaxeniT Zuelini Sromani wmidaTa nikelTa mamaTagani da, viTarca [saT]noQars sjuli RmrTisa, egreT morCil eqmeniT saTnod RmrTisagan gamorCeulsa, vi-Tarca mociqulsa pavles da andrias damorCildiT, ismneT, moiqeciT da SeinaneT.

da saTno eyveniT RmerTsa mefeni simarTliTa mefobisaTa, siwmidiT, mow-yalebiTa, mSvidobiTa siyuarulisaTa. Tavadni simarTlesa bWobdiT, siwmid-iT daicveniT Tavni Tquenni, obolni da qurivni SeiwyaleniT, viTarca ityDswinaswarmetyueli daviT - “oboli da qurivi Seiwyale da gzaQ codvisa araiyos Sen Tana”. da viTarca gamcnos [m]qadagebelTaman wmidaTa mociqulTaman,egreT ga nmxndiT.

da ebiskopozi lixTa amerisa, Woroxsa aqaT, ovseTsa aqaT, zRuaQ pontoQsaaqaT, sada didisa biWuintisa samzRvari miawevs, ebiskopozni ama ierusalimisamarjuenisagan kaTalikozisagan ikurTxeodin, [da miiRebdiT] kurTxevasa; da qad-agebasa missa [ismen]diT; jer-iyveniT da nu urC-eqmnebiT, raTa ikurTxneT mar-juenisagan RmrTisa.


aw mamano, Zmano da Svilno! qristes saflavisa marjuena, lixT-amerisa daafxazeTisa kaTalikozi iovakim qristeanobis sjulisa mamagrebelad da damamtki-cebelad vakurTxeT, sjulisa da merjuleTa ufros da uxucesad vakurTxeT me,didisa da caTa mobaZvisa antioqiisa da ierusalimisa patriarqman mixail.

da ese qarta-werili TquenTDs aRvwere.1. qristes moyuareno, mamano da Zmano, visca qriste RmerTi giyuars da sjulsa

qristeanobissa morCilebT, kaTalikozisagan kurTxevas miiRebdeT. da vinca gul-iTa morCiliTa miiRoT kurTxevaQ kaTalikozisagan da morCil eqmneT, didisa misdausabamoQsa mamisa, Zisa da sulisa da didisa mis sapatriarqosa, caTa mobaZaviierusalimisa da antioqiisa madliTa kurTxeul iyveniT ama sofelsa xorciTa dasaukunosa _ suliTa; da maT sjulisa damamtkicebelTa SDdTa krebaTa madliTa, daoTxTa mqadagebelTa maxarebelTa madliTa, suliTa da xorciTa TaviTa da SvilTaSviliTi Svilamde, vidre ukunisamde amin iyavn.

2. vinca sjulisa msajulisa qristessa da qadagebulsa mona[Ta mi]sTasa urCeqmnaT, kurTxevisa wil moDdis Tquenda wyeva igi sodomisa da gomorisa; iyavndanTqma daTan da abironisi; segrs (sic) numc Seeswrebi dawvasa; zari daeces Tquenzeda guelboQs (sic) maTaebr; iyveniT wyeul, SeCuenebul caTa Sina, queyanasa zeda;krul Tquen da sacxovari Tqueni, saxli, yana, venaxi; sayofelTa TquenTa numcaipoebis mkDdri; caQ risxviT, queyana mwuxarebiT TquenTDs, romelTa ara irwmunoTsityuaQ qartad dawerili ese; daiwyeos nayofi Tqueni, viTarca unayofoQ igileRD; SeiCueneniT viTarca simon mogD, viTarca arioz, romelman ganxia kuarTiuflisa iDQsi; da wyeul viTarca makedonis sulisa wmidisa mgmobari, da evTibiosda apolonios.

3. da vinca saydarTa, monasterTa da eklesiaTa mamcrobelni da meuhveni iyvneTda kaTalikozisa brZanebasa urC eqmnaT, viTarca-igi pirvelni xelmwifebani zeciTgardamoiTxines da RmrTisa risxDTa quesknels STaiyarnes, nawili maTi iyos maTTana; iqmnebismca nawilad maTda bneli gareskneli, matli uZili, cecxli uSreti,RrWenaQ kbilTa, tirili, unugeSinicemoQ; sada ars bneli gareskneli aris-mcasamkDdrebelad maTda gamouxsnelad suliTa da xorciTa ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.

4. anu mefeTa, anu mTavarTa, anu aznaurTa, anu aznauris SvilTa, anu msaxurTa,anu glexTa, anu mTavardiakonTa, anu diak[o]nTa, anu saxarebaQ diakonTa, anukerZoQ diakonTa, anu moxeleTa, anu xelis mqonebelTa, anu didTa, anu mcireTayovelive urCqmnili wyeul, SeCuenebulmca aris suliTa da xorciTa.

5. morCilni sjulisani da Tanamdgomni sarwmunoebisani kurTxeul iyavn ukunisamde.6. Zmano da mamano amisTDs gamcneb da gauwyeb, raTa romeli juars-ecua,

daefla, aR[s]dga, igi mxoloQ ufali ieso qriste SeiyuaroT yovliTa guliTaTqueniTa, romelman sisxliTa TDsiTa moiy[i]da adam, naTesaviTurT misiT; da


ganhbrwyindeT viTarca mze, naTliTa qristesiTa; saukunod sufevde winaSe RmrTi-sa; ese sofeli warmaval ars da saukunoQ waruval.

aw yovelTa SeiyuareT qristes sjuli da qristeman Tquen Segiyuarnes yovelni.moiqeciT brZanebasa da qadagebulsa qristes marjuenis, lixTa amerisa RmrTisameorisa mociqulis pavles Tanamosagris iovakimisi.

7. da vinaiTgan igulsmodgina RmerTman, da jer-iCina Cuenisa xsnisaTDs dasjulisa qristeanobisa damkDdrebisTDs da damtkicebisaTDs, RmrTisa brZanebiTaCuen, didisa caTa mobaZavisa saydrisa antioqiisa da ierusalimisa patriarqmanmixail, nebiTa RmrTisaTa, viTarca ufalman Cuenman ieso qristeman andriasmociqulsa TDTa saufloQTa xeliTa Semosa TDsi sameufoQ bisoni, da akurTxa, awSemdgomad missa vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim da sjulisa da merjuleTa Tavad dauxucesad dagDmtkicebies.

da aRiwera qarta ese Cem mier.aw Svilno, Zmano da mamano! gauwyebT da gamcnebT:8. vinca da ramanca kacman qristianeman, anu didman da anu mcireman, patronsa

uRalatos, anu usamarTlod uorgulos, qriste RmerTi da sjuli uaruyofies;egreTve usamarTloQ orguli meoreman nu Seiwynaros.

9. vinca da romelman sjulisa da kaTalikozisa urCad uxuedri coli SeirTos,anu svinaQ, anu meyvisi, anu rZali, anu biZis coli, anu xucis colsa codos, anudiakonisa colsa Tana codos, anu mTavar-diakvanisa colsa Tana codos, anuswavlulisa kacisa colsa Tana codos da Seginebulsa sawolsa zeda daawDnos,amaT yovelTa usjuloebaTa moqmedi krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars suliTa daxorciTa, amin.

10. da Tu ar RmrTisa uarismyofelni xarT, mekobresa xucessa moarCobdiT.11. vinca anu dedis-nacualsa, anu dedobilsa Tana codos, wyeul, krul da

SeCuenebulmca aw da ukunisamde.12. vinca Zma moklas, qriste RmerTi uaruyofies da nawili maTi aRixocnen

ukunisamde.13. anu Tvisi da anu sxuaQ moklas, krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars.14 . da romelmanca ik adros moci qulTa marx vaT a oTx Sa baT-para ske vT a,

romelica xsnili ar iyos da Serios, anu micvalebisa marxva, martvilTa kidevin Wkuianman Serios wueliTa anu xorciTa xsnilTagan kide, krulmca ars caTaSina da queyanasa zeda.

15. da romelmanca weliwadTa Sina romelnic uqmni ganuwesebies wmidaTa kre-baTa da ara isminos da TDsiTa nebiTa uqmobdes, wyeulimca ars wmdaTa krebaTagan.

16. vinca Seundoblad dabeWdili kaTalikozisgan da qorebiskopozisagan eklesiagaxsnas, Seundoblad krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars maTi xucesi da eri maTi.


17. romelmanca wmidaTa krebaTgan ganaCeni da ganawesi sjuli magrad aradaiWiros da Secodeba dauwyos, RmerTman wyeviT miagos saqmeTa maTaebr; wyeulimcaars sjulisa uarismyofelTa Tana.

18. vinca sjulisa Semcode patronman ar misces ebiskopossa da qorebiskopozsasasjulod ar mianebos da sasjulod mosakiTxavad sofeli ar daanebos, da Zali armisces, ima soflisa codva man gardaiHados da Seundobelmca ars.

19. vinca ama mcnebaTa ar dasjerdeT da kaTalikozsa da qristes sjulsa urC-eqmnaT, krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyaviT RmrTisa dausabamoQsa madliTa, mamisa,Zisa da sulisa wmidisa madliTa, ierusalimisa madliTa, antioqiis madliTa,amin, TaviTa, SviliTa, vidre SviliT Svilamde.

20 . damm amtkicebelni da sjulis a m ama gre belni, da ieso qristes erT-gulni, eb iskoposTa, moZRvarTa, mRdelTa da monazonTa pativiscemelni darjulisa mamagrebelni, obolTa da qurivTa, glaxakTa da davrdomilTa mow-yaleni da Semweni da Semwynarebelni kurTxeulmca arian caTa Sina da queyanasazeda , suliTa da xorcTa Tav iTa da SviliTa , vi dre ukunis am de , RmrTis adausabamoQsa piriTa, amin.

21. da amasca gamcneb da gauwyebT Svilno da Zmano Cemno: vinaTgan RmrTis-moyuareni, da erTgulni, RmrTisa marTlmadidebel[n]i, da ZrwoliT da SiSiTTayuanismcemelni WeSmaritad da marTlmadideblobiT aRiarebT da Tayuaniss-cemT saxelsa mis mosamarTlisa gare Semouwerelsa [da] tkbilsa da mraval-mowyales a RmerTsa daus abamoQsa, mamas a, Zesa da wmidasa [sulsa], nu Tana-mzraxvel eqmnebiT ama ukanasknelisa sicrueTa da siverageTa, aramed morCileqmneniT brZanebasa RmrTisasa.

22. viTarca andria mociqulman urwmunoni sarwmunoebad moaqcina da sjulsada sarwmunoebasa zeda daamtkica, mas Jamsa odes qristeman RmerTman Cuenman xsnisaCuenisa da moqcevisaTDs moavlina TDsiTa sameufoTa Sesamosli[Ta], porfir-bison-oqrovaniTa, samosliTa el[variT]a da SuqmiuaCrdilebeliTa Semosa da,saxed da [sa]muqfod mociqul, naTlisa maxarobelad kaTalikozad daayena, rameTumisisa brZanebisa qadagebiTa moiqces Temni, qalaqni da queyanani ese CrdiloeTi-sani, vidre nino qarT[lisa] dedaman moaqcina qarTli, misTa samzRvarTa aqaTwm idam an a n[dria mociq ulma n] n aTliTa m iuCrdilebeliTa g an an aTln[a daganas]unnela yovelni morCilni sjulisani.

aw, msgavsad missa, vakurTxeT da davamtkiceT sjulisa Tavad kaTalikoziiovakim, [viTarca] qriste RmerTi Tavi ars eklesiaTa.

23. aw, Svilno, Zmano da mamano Cem[no mo]rCil eqmeniT mwyemsisa mis saxierisnacvlad [RmrTisa mier] movlenilsa, raTa marad pirmetyuel[ad sam]wysod


gam[o]sCndeT, da SeikribneT baksa zecisa [arvi]zsasa, da ara iqmneT [Se]saWmelmgelTa mZDn[vareTa], da ara SegemTxDos gan[sacde]li, viTarca-igi maSin, romelniu[rC eq]mnnes andria mociqulsa, [romelmanca mouv]lina RmrTisagan mrisx[ane]angelozi da Secvalna [yovelTav]e maT urCTa saxli s[ac]xovari, kaciTgan mi-pirutyuTamde, vidre moiqceodes.

da Semdgomad sarwmu[noebad] moyuanebisa maT[Ta mo]avlina RmerTman angelozi[mSvidob]iTa da wyalobiTa, [da yoveli] naTesavi kacTa naTl[iTa gamouTqmel-iTa a]Rivso, saxlni d[a sayofe]lni maTni, keTiliTa mo[uk]lebeliTa. sacxovarn[isimravliTa aR]ivsnes da saukune keTilad [w]ar[e]marTnes, naTliTa aRs[a]v[se]d.

24. aw Tq uenca gulsm [odgi ne]biT a, si mSDdiT[a da krZaluleb]iTa guls-modginebiT[a aRmsrulebe]l eqmeniT b[Zanebasa] RmrTisasa da RmrTisa mociqul[isa]meor[is]a, aw, axl[isa ierusalim]isa mamag[rebe]lsa da qristes safl[avisa, dasruliad] lixTa ameris[a da afx]azeTisa kaTalikozs iova]kims.

25. da yovelTa Sendoba [da wirv]aQ mi[i]ReT, raTa aqaca [kurTxeul] iyvneTda saukunesca [kurT]xeul giwodos ufalman Cuenman ieso qristeman, dResa masgankiTxvisa da zaris asaxdel[sa, raTa] gamosCnde Zed naTlisad da gangaZliern[esTque]n sarwmunoebasa amas da [mtki]cesa zeda mazebel[isa], aRmasrulebelni dada[m]amtkicebelni, [raTa ara mi]gigos Tualuxavman man, dResa mas didsa zarisasaxdelsa, viTarmed warvediT[T Ce]mgan wyeulno bnelsa [ga]resknelsa da cecxl[sa]uSretsa wyudiadi[sasa]; aramed daiceviT ese mcneba.

26. [da romelman a]ra irwmunos da [ar]a gulsmodgined daicva[s] mcneba ese,iyos wyeul da SeCuenebul mamisagan, Zisagan da sulisa wmidisagan, viTarca zemoTweril ars, amin meameneTa, da iyavn wmidaTa angelozTa [mier] ukunusamde daukuniTi ukunisamde.

27. aw kualad ismineT ebiskopozTa [da qor]ebiskopozTa viTarca wmidTakrebaTa ganaCines, [egreT] uTnevarad dadegiT, nu vis aTnev, samwysoQ Seni swavliTda magrad daiWireT, raTa meored mosvlvasa TquenTgan ar iTxoos sityDs migeba.

28. egr[eTve moZ]RuarTa : wesierebiT, qristes siyuaruliTa Tquen, [sam]wysodm[o]wafiT[u]rT, SeiyuareT sjuli qristesi da Tavi TDsi dadev cxovarTa TD-sTaTDs, viTarca mwyemsman saxierman, raTa ara yovelTa codva xelTagan SenTaiZios, da ukanasknelTa maT Zrwola da aRmofSDnvasa da daisajo.

29. mRdelTa : marTalTa nebis-myofelad nu cru-winaswarmetyuel, [aramed]daicevi Tavi Seni siZvisagan, tacebisagan, sixarbisagan, didis sicilisagan, mTural-obisagan da gardarevisagan, romeli ara jer-ars moweseTagan.

30. miec ersa umecarsa marxvaQ, raQca wmidaTa krebaTa gaaCines marxvad,mi ec mtkiced da gautexelad uqm i uqmad, v iTa sweria gaC eniT sa eklesioTadavTarTa Sigan.


31. da romelmanca ebiskopozman, gina qorebiskopozman, anu moZRuarman, ginaxucesman ara guliTa marTliTa daicvas mcnebaQ ese da ersa ara uqadagos sarwmu-noeba da kaT[a]likozisa brZanebasa zeda momWirned da ZalmicemiT ar idges, krulwyeul da SeCuebulmca ars aw da ukunisamde; krulmca ars RmrTisa dausabamoQsa-gan T[a]viTa, SviliTa da yovliTa misiTa, raodenica raQ ars sofliTgansaukunodmde ukunisamde.

32. da ukeTu vinca mefeTa, TavadTa, aznaurTa da aznaurisSvilTa, moxeleTa,mouravTa, xelisufalTa, didTa da mcireTa, mdidarTa da glaxakTa, yovelTa,[romelTa] ese mcneba, RmrTisa mier wmidaTa krebaTagan ganaCeni, qristes RmrTisamier marTlmadidebelTa sasurveli simtkice da sawadeli, da mwvalebelTaTDssakdemeli sjuli ara aRiaros, ara irwmunos, da mtkiced ar gulsmodginos, damagrad ar ipyras, da sxuaTaca ar uqadagos, krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca arsrisxDTa RmrTisa dausabamoQsa mamisa, Zisa da wmidisa sulisaQTa.

33. romeli xucesi cudad zRaprobdes, anu cudad metyuelebdes, anu wessaa klebde s s am wysoTa sofelTa da quey an aT a , da m isi sa s amre vloQs a codv akaTaliko[z]sa da qorebiskopo[z]sa ar gamoucxados, anu natacebsa col-qmarTagDrgDni ukurTxos, anu iparos, anu uxvedrTa col-qmrTa Sendoba misces, anu misTasamrevloTa marxDsa revaQ uqmisa revaQ Seundos da raQca mRdelobisa saqme Sec-odebiT daiWiros, _ wirvisagan aRixocos da wirva misi Seuwiravi iyos, sadamdiskaTalikozisa moxsenebiTa da gagonebiTa ar ganikanonos.

34. egreTve, vinca da ramanca kacman monasterTa da saydarTa mamuli moigos,iurvos, anu vin mouravad da mosaqmed Semovides,_krul, wyeul da SeCuenebu[l]RmrTis dausabamoQsa piriTa, SDdTa krebaTa madliTa; numca ixssnebis suliTajojoxeTisagan, nuca wirviTa, nuca glaxakTa micemiTa, nuca ierusalims warslviTa,itanjebodes gamouxsnelad ukunisamde.

35. vinca uxuedri coli SeirTos, anu svinasa, anu meyDssa Se[e]xos, anu Zmiscolsa, anu SeirTos, anu biZis coli SeirTos, anu ra ginda uxuedri coliSeirTos kaTalikozisa a[R]uareblad, qristes uarismyofelTa Tanamca ars nawilimisi, aw da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.

36. vinca uqmTa weliwadissa da SabaTsa, cxra JamiTgan orSabaTsa ganTenebad-mde, scodebdes, da paraskevsa miwas revdes, da wmidaTa krebaTagan ganaCeni uqmnidReni krZalviT da magrad ar Seinaxnes, misTDs ganwesebul ars risxuaQ RmrTisa,matli uZili, cecxli uSreti, RrWena kbilTa, mrisxaneni angelozni mas zeda; daara aqus naSromsa missa baraqaQ; nayofi misi misTDs urgeb.

37. kualad vinca Sescodos wmidaTa marxuaTa da xelyos Secodeba, gina oTxSa-baT-paraskevTa, gina qristes Sobis marxuaTa, anu RmrTis-mSoblisa micvalebisamarxuaTa, vin ginda Sescodos, gina petres da pavles, romel ars petre-pavlobismarxvaQ, martDlTa reguenTa kide;


38. da vin uxuedri coli SeirTos Seundobeli da kaTalikozisa brZanebiTa argaeyaros da urCad daudges, gina sasjulosa saqmesa zeda Zali ar misces, dausjuloTa Semwe eqmnas, gina meyvisobisaTDs, gina qrTamisaTDs anu SexvewisaTDs;

anu marxua[sa] revdes, raQca wmidaTa krebaTa ga[a]Cines amas zeda, magrad arimarxvides marTlad, anu uqmTa revdes, anu marTlad ar Seinaxos da wmidaTakrebaTgan gaCenili Seuracxyos, da kaTalikozisa brZanebasa ara morCilebdes;

gina monasterTa damcrobasa moiWirvos TavisTDs gina sxuaTaTDs iurvos, anusxuaTa uurvos, anu mterobisaTDs, anu meorisa moyurobisaTDs, gina qrTamisaaRebisaTvis ra ginda ra gamoaxos gina glexi mosaxle gina saWurWle, gina kaci,gina jogi, gina didi, gina cotaQ, da ar miRma Sematebdes;

kaTalikozisa sityuasa da brZanebasa ar damorCildeT, da ese, cneba ara daic-vad, da ara guliTa wmidiTa aRiaroT da ZalmicemiT ar daiWirvoT da arairwmunoT, _ gina mefeTa, gina TavadTa, gina didebulTa, gina aznaurTa, ginaebiskoposTa, gina qorebiskopozTa gina moZRuarTa, gina mRdelTa, gina diakonTa,gina msaxurTa, gina glexTa, gina mamaTa, gina dedaTa, gina didTa, gina mcireTa,vin ginda vin es mcneba ar irwmunoT, da kaTalikozsa ar damorCil eqmnas, da viTaese aRwerili mogviTxrobs marxvaTa ganaCensa da esreT ara imarxos;

39. weliwadTa Sina oTxSabaT-paraskevi esreT ganixsnebis: yovelTa oTxSabaT-paraskevTa, viTarca didTa marxv[a]Ta, jer-ars marxvaQ, ukeTu saufloQ dResaswauliara daxudes, anu saCinoTa wmidaTa, romelsa taZarsa Sina Sekrebulni erni dResaswau-loben; qristes Soba msgefsamde xsnili ars; migebeba xsnili ars; zadikTa ganzogebaxsnil ars; amaRlebisa wina dRe xsnili ars, oTxSabaT-paraskevi ara; axal kDriakexsnili ars msgefs[a]mde; sulis wmidisa moslvisa msgefsamde xsnili ars; alajorTkviriake da yuelierisa kviriake xsnili ars monozonTaTDs da eriskacTaTDs.

amaT gareT oTxSabaT-paraskevi ara ganixsnebis. da romelman ganxsnas, saSinelisatanjuelni ganmzadebul arian maTTDs RmrTisagan, da kanonsa queSe iqmnebianuziarebelni, da eklesias ar SeiSvebis viTarca urCi RmrTisa.

egreTve wmidisa giorgisi Tavadi dResaswauli aprilsa ocdasamsa maTTDs xs-nili ars, vin eklesias mividen. vin ar mivides, ver ganxsnis noenbersa i.

da uqmni, werilsa Sina, viTarca saeklesioTa wignTa krebaTgan ganCenilmanamcnos, egreT.

40. da vin ori coli erTad SeirTos, gina deda-Svili mama-SvilTa SeirTos,gina ori dani orTa ZmaTa SeirTon, anu vis coli moukudes, colisa asuliSeirTos, anu vin colisa deda, romel ars sidedri, SeirTos, anu meyDsi SeirTos,anu vin coli uxuedri SeirTos, anu vin rZali SeirTos, gina Se[e]xos, gina dobilianu dedobili SeirTos, didman gina mcireman, gina xucesi, bilwi iyos da Seaginosxorcni TDsni sxuasa diacsa Tana, gina mxevali isvas da Jamis-wirvad ikadros, _


vin ese mcnebani da swavlani, sasuliero da saxorcielo, yovliTa guls-modginebiTa da guliTa uyalboQTa da utyuvariTa ara aRiaros, ar daicvas da araSeinaxos, da urC eqmnas ama swavlasa wmidaTa krebaTagan ganaCensa da damtkicebul-sa, da kaTalikozsa urC-eqmnas : mefeni, gina Tavadni, aznaurni, gina aznaurisS-vilni, msaxurni, gina glexni, ebiskopozni, gina qorebiskopozni, moZRuarni, ginamRdelni, gina diakon[n]i, moxeleni xelisufalni, didni gina mcireni, yovelniurCqmnilni wyeul da SeCuenebulmca arian RmrTisa dausabamoQsa piriTa, romelmanSeqmna saukuneni;

krulmca ars samkDdrebeli maTi, suli da xorci misi; krul, wyeul da SeCueneb-ulmca ars saxli samyofi misi;

krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars patiosnisa da cxovelsmyofelisa juaris-agan, romelsa zeda ganipyrna uxrwnelni xelni TDsni xsnisaTDs Cuenisa qristemanRmerTman Cuenman;

wyeulmca ars wmidaTa zecisa ZalTagan; wyeulmca ars wmidisa iovane naTlism-cemelisgan; krul, wyeulmca ars wmidaTa da yovladqebulTa mociqulTagan; krulmcaars SvidTa krebaTgan;

wyeulmca ars yovelTa RmrTisa wmidaTagan, romelni saukuniTgan saTno-eyunesufalsa Cuensa ieso qristesa, da awca saTno yofad arian.

41. ama mcnebaTa urCqmnilni da Seuracxis-myofelni krul da SeCuenebulmcaarian caTa da queyanisagan, xorciTa da suliTa, TviTa da coliTa, SviliTa daSvilis SviliTa, misiTa erdguliTa;

arismca misTDs ese sofeli mokle da usargeblo; arismca coli misi quriv damwuxare, Svilni misni obol, Seryeul da dacvivnebul, viTarca marTueni yornisani;unayofomca ars yana, saTesvi ara ars Teslisa gamomRebel, mamuli misi unayofo-mca da nu Seikrebs misgan nayofsa;

wyeulimca aris misi cxeni, zroxa da yoveli sacxovari; numca epoebis saxlisamisisagan sanugeSinismcemo.

krulmca ars Tavi misi mxarTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars, mxarni misni welTamisTa zeda; krulmca ars welni misni TeZoTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars TeZoniwyDlTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars wyDlni misni muxlTa misTa zeda; krulmca arsmuxlni misni koWTa misTa zeda: krulmca ars koWni misni ferxTa misTa zeda; kruliaferxi misi miwaTa, adgilTa da samyofTa zeda; krul ars igi adgili misTDs, sadadadgen ferxni misni; krul ars Tualni misni saxedvelad da mxedvelad; krulmcaars piri misi purisa mWamelad, ena metyuelad, xelni saqnelad, ferxni savlelad,guli saqmisa gasagoneblad; krulmca ars igi da misi gasagis[i], misi gasagebelisxvaman miiRos; kruli ars misi sicocxle, kruli ars misi sik[u]dili; krul arsmisi saflavi, sada daeflvis.


numca ixsnebis suliTa da xorciTa, TaviTa da coliTa da SviliTa da yovl-iTa misiTa gasagebeliTa; numca ixsnebis wirviTa ebiskoposTa da mRvdelTaTa;numca ixsnebis ierusalems waslviTa, nuca locviTa molozonTaQTa, nuca glax-akTa micemiTa, nuca mSierTa ganZRomiTa; ara ra quelis saqme ergos mas; yoveliv-emca usargebloQ ars misTDs.

42. vinca ese mcnebaQ da swavlaQ ara aRiaros, ara irwmunos da ara WeSmarite-biT aRasrulos, iyos nawilad misad, sad ars tanjviT samyofi, qristes uarismy-ofelTa, bneli wyudiadi, ganunaTlebeli, vaebiT aRsavse, cecxli uSreti, matliuZili, tartarozi, glovaQ unugeSiniscemoQ, da RrWenaQ kbilTa, nisli wyudiadi,saburveli TualTa myofTa fskerTa jojoxeTisaTa; numca ars xsna da gamoxsna maTmier vidre ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin, amin, amin.

43. qristianeni marTlmadidebelni, rjulisa mamtkicebelni RmerTman akurTxnes.beWedi : biWvintisa RuTis-mSoblisa saWeT-mpyrobeli k~zi.53 3

533 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1970, t. III, gv . 221-233.


Cveni didi mematiane batoniSvili vax-

uSti wers XVI s-is bolosa da XVII s-

is dasawyisSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesax-

eb: `JamTa amaT Sina iqmna ganteveba

colTa, kvla kacTa da idumal tyvis

yidva da ujeroni sjulsa zeda mravalni

imereTsa Sin a . a m isaTv is Se krb n e n

qarTlisa kaTalikosi malaqia, afxazTa

kaTalikosi evdemon da yovelni episko-

posni imereT-odiSisani. xolo episko-

posni eseni iyvnen : quTaTeli svimon,

genaTeli antoni, Wyondideli, bedieli,

moqveli, drandeli filipe, cagereli

kozman, xoneli zaqaria, nikorwmindeli

ioakim, CaiSeli kvirile, amaT ganaCines

moqmedTa maTTvis jerovani Serisxvani,

dawernes da SeaCvenes moqmedni misni,

viTarca gauwyebs aRwerili maTi~.534

marTlac, Cvenamde moRweulia qarTu-

li saeklesio samarTlis Zegli, cno-

bili `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ saxeliT,

romelSic gadmocemulia XVI s-Si Semd-

gari saeklesio krebis dadgenileba: `sa-

marTali kaTalikosTa. q. saxeliTa RvTi-

saTa me, qristes mier kurTxeulman yov-

lisa saqarTveloYsa patriarqman mala-

qia, me, qristes mier kurTxeulman afxa-

zeTis kaTalikosman mamaT-mTavarman ev-

demon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT yovelni

episkoposni afxazeTisani. da didi siy-

mili movida codvaTa CvenTagan, mravalni

uwesoba da ujero saqme Semovida: kacis

kvla, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva da

uxvedroba. davideviT sjulis kanoni da

Cvenica imisagan gamoviReT da raca imi-

sagan ar gamoviReviT, Cven Cveni magieri

biWvinTis saeklesio kreba (1543-1549)

ara Segvimatebia ra. da sjulis kanoni-

ca asre brZanebs~.535

am dadgenilebaSi sjulis samarTlis

muxlebi damtkicebulia saeklesio kre-

bis mier. krebam daloca yoveli aRm-

srulebeli am kanonebisa: `vinc es mo-

ciqulTa da wmidaTa krebaTagan ganwese-

buli da Cven mier damtkicebuli sjuli

da wigni gaaTaos kurTxeva RvTisa, ubi-

wod mSobelisa misisa da wmidaTa kre-

bulTagan da wmidaTa mociqulTa da

yovlad wmidaTagan~...536

krebam iqve dakrula araRmsrulebe-

li krebis dadgenilebebisa: `vinca am

wmida krebaTa mociqulTagan ganwesebu-

li da Cven mier damtkicebuli ar Seiw-

ynaros da kaTolikes saydarzed dasmulsa

winaaRudges da Cveni mcneba ar daima-

rxos, krulmca aris caTa Sina da qveya-

nasa zeda wmidaTa krebulTagan, wmidaTa

mociqulTagan da yovelTa wmidaTagan~.537

kaTalikosTa samarTali, rogorc es

Zeglis Sesavalidanac Cans, Sedgenilia

ara erTi kaTalikosis, aramed sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqisa da

afxazeTis kaTalikosis mier, aseve damt-

kiceba biWvinTis iadgarisa, romelic

`kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ damatebad mi-

iCneva, evaleboda qarTlis kaTalikoss

afxazeTis kaTalikosTan erTad, aqedan

Cans, rom qarTuli eklesia miuxedavad

urTulesi politikuri viTarebisa XVI-

XVIII ss-Si, sulierad mTliani iyo.

antioqieli patriarqis mixeilisa da

sxvaTa mcdelobas, gaeyoT saqarTvelos

eklesia, mosalodneli Sedegi ar mohyo-

534 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 1973, gv. 824; 535 q.s.Z., I, 1963, gv. 393; 536 iqve, gv. 396; 537 iqve, gv. 397.


lia. kvlavindeburad mcxeTeli patri-

arqis avtoriteti dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si maRalia, rasac miuTiTebs Cvengan ganx-

iluli krebis mier gamocemuli doku-

menti. Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom

XVI s-is dasawyisidan dasavleT saqarTve-

los kaTalikosebi ukve iTavisebdnen pa-

triarqis tituls. iqamde, rogorc cno-

bilia, saqarTveloSi kaTalikos-patri-

arqi mxolod erTi iyo, rezidenciiT mcx-

eTaSi. XVI s-is Semdeg, saqarTvelos

politikur daqucmacebulobas Tavisi

asaxva mohyva saeklesio cxovrebaSic.

cnobi-lia, rom daSlis Semdeg, qarT-

lis, kaxeTis, imereTis mefeebi TavianT

Tavs `sruliad saqarTvelos mefeebs~

uwodebdnen (garkveul dromde). amiT isini

mianiSnebdnen, rom ar cnobdnen saqarTve-

los saxelmwifos daSlas, cdilobdnen

mis gaerTianebas piradi meTaurobiT.

msgavsadve, dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTa-

likosebi patriarqis tituliT TavianT

Tavs sruliad saqarTvelos uzenaes suli-

er pirvel ierarqad miiCnevdnen, rogorc

es afxazeTis kaTalikos grigol lorT-

qifaniZis biWvinTisadmi miZRvnil Sewir-

ulebis wignis damamtkicebeli beWdis

warweridan Can s : `grigol mwye msi

qristesmier yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTa-

likozi~ (1712 w.). igive kaTalikosi bi-

WvinTisadmi sxva Sewirulobis wignSi

Tavis Tavs `CrdiloeTisa da afxazeTis

kaTalikozs~ uwodebs.538 cnobilia, rom

ZvelqarTul saistorio geografiaSi ter-

mini `CrdiloeTi~ da termini `saqarTve-

lo~ identuri terminebi iyo. `Crdilo-

eTs~ (zogjer àRmosavleTs~) saqarTve-

los uwodebdnen. patriarqis titulis

miniWebiT, Cans, dasavleT saqarTvelos

kaTalikoss sruliad saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis kanonier mamamTavrad warmoaCend-

nen, iseve, rogorc vTqvaT, imereTis me-

feebi sruliad saqarTvelos mefeebad

warmoaCendnen TavianT Tavs. imereTis mefe

bagrati 1545 wlis sigelSi Tavis Tavs

`mefeTamefes~ uwodebs da `lixT-amer-

isa da lixT-imeris~ cixisTavebs ubrZa-

nebs, daamtkicon mis mier gacemuli sige-

li.539 `mefeTamefis~ titulis miniWebiT

imereTis mefeebi TavianT Tavs warmoad-

gendnen sruliad saqarTvelos kanonier

mefeebad, aseTive politikuri Sinaarsi

edo dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

Ta mier patriarqis titulis miniWebas.

SemdgomSi, maT titulaturaSi bolomde

rCeba es wodeba. magram mainc qarTlis

kaTalikosebi uzenaes sasuliero av-

toritetebad da upirveles mamtkicebel

rjulmdeblebad miiCneodnen dasavleT

saqarTveloSic. magaliTad, biWvinTis iad-

garSi, romelsac xeli moaweres da Tan-

daTanobiT daamtkices dasavleT saqarTve-

los (afxazeTis) kaTalikosebma: malaqia

abaSiZem (1519-1532), evdemon CxetiZem

(1543-1575), efTvimi I sayvareliZem (1578-

1605), malaqia II gurielma (1605-1639),

maqsime I maWutaZem (1628-1657), zaqaria

qvarianma (1657-1659), svimon I CxetiZem

(1659-1666), daviT nemsaZem (1667-1682),

nabrZanebia imis Sesaxeb, rom, rogorc

aRiniSna, es dokumenti unda daamtki-

cos qarTlis kaTalikosmac: `da Tqven

wmidano mefeno, mRvdelT-mTavarno, afx-

azeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosno, Tqvenca

asreT daumtkiceT~.540 Tumca, zogierTi

ucxouri wyaro ̀ qvemo iberiis arqiepisko-

poss~ (ase uwodeben isini afxazeTis kaTa-

likoss) ufros, uxuces pirvelierar-

qad miiCnevs `zemo iberiis arqiepisko-

posTan~ SedarebiT.

538 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 769; 539 samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 189; 540 iqve, gv. 182.


biWvinTis saeklesio krebis mier

gamocemuli `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~

kanonTa teqsti i. doliZis dayofiT Se-

icavs 23 muxls, dalagebulia garkveu-

li TanamimdevrobiT: 1-li muxli kacis

yidva-gayidvas exeba, me-2_6 muxlebi

eklesiis gatexas, qurdobasa da kacis

kvlas, me-7_15 muxlebi episkoposis mier

da episkoposis winaaRmdeg Cadenil dan-

aSauls, me-16 muxli _ mefis Ralats,

me-17_18 muxlebi _ kaTalikosisa da

episkoposis Seuracxyofas da uRirsi

mRvdlis kurTxevas, me-19 muxli _ saq-

mis mrudad gamoZiebasa da damnaSavis

gasamarTlebas, me-20 muxli saeklesio

mamulebis datacebas, 21-e muxli _

sjuldebis Sesrulebas, 22-e muxli _

rZlis SerTvas da ukanaskneli 23-e muxli

_ colis ubralod dagdebas~.541

prof. i. doliZe aRniSnavs _ `kaTa-

likosTa samarTlis~ mTavari wyaro aris,

rogorc es samarTlis wignis Sesavl-

idan Cans, `sjulis kanoni~. .. akad. k.

kekeliZem gamoikvlia, rom kaTalikosTa

kanonebi damyarebulia `didi sjulis

kanonze~ da ara eqvTime mTawmidelis

mier naTargmn `mcire sjulis kanonze~...

`kaTalikozTa samarTali~ ar warmoad-

gens sjulis kanonis ubralo gamokre-

bas. igi qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis

originaluri Zeglia, romlis dadgenile-

bani qveynis maSindeli yofa-cxovrebis

sinamdviles asaxaven~.542

kaTalikosTa samarTali mTel saqarT-

veloSi moqmedi sjuli iyo. masSi araa

aRniSnuli saeklesio krebis mowvevis

adgili. T. Jordanias azriT, romelic

amJamad aRiarebulia, ̀ kaTalikozTa kanon-

ebi~ dawerilia XVI s-is pirvel naxe-

varSi. masSi moxseniebuli imerTa kaTa-

likosi evdemoz unda iyos evdemos I

(1549-1578) da ara evdemos II (1666-

1669). `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ xel-

rTvaSi aRniSnuli quTaTeli mitropoli-

ti svimoni aRsaydrebula 1529 wels,

igi ukurTxebiaT biWvinTis taZarSi.54 3

krebis xelis momweri caiSeli (CiSeli)

episkoposi kvirile moRvaweobda leon

dadianis dros (1533-1571), misi gvari

yofila JvaniZe.544 k. kekeliZis azriT,

kreba Catarebula 1543-1549 wlebSi.545

pirveli TariRi (1543) afxazeTis kaTa-

likosis evdemon I CxetiZis aRzevebis

welia, xolo meore (1549) qarTlis kaTa-

likosis malaqias gardacvalebisa. àm-

rigad, kaTalikosTa samarTali Sedge-

nilia XVI s-is 40-ian wlebSi imereTis

mefis bagratis dros (1510-1565).546

maSasadame, kaTalikosTa samarTali

Sedgenilia im dros, rodesac afxazeTis

(imereTis) kaTalikosTa taxti idga bi-

WvinTaSi, ufro gvian (1657 w.) taxti

Crdilokav kasiel (afsar-abaz-Cerqez)

tomTa Semosevebisa da osmalTa mZlavro-

bis gamo gadatanil iqna gelaTSi. maSas-

adame, Tu zemoaRniSnul krebis mowvevis

TariRs daveTanxmebiT, kreba Catarda bi-

WvinTaSi, sakaTalikoso centrSi, magram

arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic. vaxuSti ba-

toniSvils aRniSnuli kreba XVII s-Si

Catarebulad miaCnda (daaxl. 1605 w.).

Cven veTanxmebiT pirvel daTariRebas,

radgan Zeglidanac Cans, rom krebis mowve-

vis droisaTvis ̀ kacis syidvas~ jer kidev

ar hqonia farTo, Ria, daufaravi xas-

iaTi miRebuli, jer igi ar yofila gada-

qceuli ̀ tyveTa syidvad~, romelsac XVII

s-Si ukve daufaravad misdevdnen . vax-

541 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, 1963, gv. 608; 542 iqve , gv. 608; 543 qronikebi, II, gv. 372; 544 iqve,gv. 414; 545 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, II, 1960, gv. 571; 546 qarTulisamarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 605.


`samarTali kaTalikozTa~

[sruli teqsti]

q. saxeliTa da R~TisaTa me, qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa saqarTvelosakaTalikozman patriaqman malaqia, me, qristes mier kurTxeulman afxazeTis kaTa-likozman mamaT-mTavarman evdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT yovelni ebiskopozniafxazeTisani.

da didi siymili movida codvaTa CuenTagan, mravali uwesoba da ujero saqmeSemovida: kacis klva, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva da uxvedroba.

davideviT sjulis kanoni da Cuenca imisgan gamoviReviT; da raca imisagan argamoviReviT, Cuen Cueni magieri ara SegDimatebia ra.

da sjulis kanonica asre bZanebs.[kacis syidvisa ese gavaCineT] 1. q. ramanc kacman kaci gayidos, anu didman, anu

mcireman, anu Tavadman, anu aznaurman da an glexman, wmidaTa krebulTagan SeCueneb-ul iyos da ganHdili.

rasac kacs marTliT gankiTxviTa da gamoZiebiTa kacis syidva gamoaCndes, Tu iskaci daiHsnas da moiyuanos, missa saydarsa da ebiskoposs dauurvos, ra erTic Zal-edvas, damklebis ufalsaca dauurvos.

da Tu ver moiyuanos, vin ginda vin iyos, TavadisSvili unda aznaurSvili, undaglexi, maSinc veram saqmem ver iHsnas, ukanonodca ars, - Zelsa mieces.

uStis da sxva mematianeebs miaCndaT,

rom tyveTa syidvam CvenSi daufaravi saxe

miiRo rostom mefe-xanis da levan II

dadianis dros. unda iTqvas, rom adami-

anTa gayidvis faqtebis gamomJRavnebisTanave

(e.i. XVI s-Si) Cvens wmida eklesias mi-

uRia zomebi, cdila ZirSive aRmoefxvra

es mavne codva, magram, qveyanaSi Seqmni-

li viTarebis gamo, mis cdas obieqturi,

mosalodneli Sedegebi ar mohyolia. am

Zeglidan Cans, rom saqarTveloSi (kreb-

is mowvevis epoqaSi) saeklesio samarT-

lis iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda ara

marto sasuliero saeklesio saqmeebi,

aramed, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, sisxlis

samarTlis danaSaulebanic.547

marTalia, im droisaTvis biWvinTaSi

krebis mowveva saSiSi iyo (e.i. XVI s-is

SuawlebSi), magram is mainc warmoad-

genda udides saeklesio centrs da,

rogorc Cans, aq, saeklesio dedaqalaq-

Si, Sedga ganxiluli kreba.

547 k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, I , gv. 571.


da vinc qrTami aiRos da ar CamoarCos, SeCuenebul iyos wmidaTa krebulTaganda kanonsamca queSe aris wmidaTa mociqulTasa.

q. eklesiis mkrexvelTaTvis ese gangwesebia 2. q. vinc eklesia gatexos da xatiganZarcos ukanonod Zelsa mieces.

3. q. vinca eklesias Sigan Sevides da saqoneli gamoitanos, eklesiasa misisaqoneli miezRos da kaci daSavdes.

4. q. vinca Zma moklas anu mama, Heli moekueTos da mamulisagan ganvardes.5. q. vinca ubralo kaci moklas anu mgzavri, anu mcveli risame qurdobiT,

ganipatijos.6. q. vinca qurdoba qnas, rarigadac pirvelad wesi yofiliyos, isre gardaaHdevinon.q. ebiskopozis saqme ese gagDCenia 7. q. romelic ebiskopozi missa saydarsa

ganeSoros TDnier ocis dRisa, Tu ar patronisa mizezisa da saqmisaTDs da anusamwysosa Sigan siarulisagan Tavi HelT ara hqondes da anu avad ar iyos, anumissa samwysosa Sigan qorebiskopozsa gauwyuetlad ar aroninebdes da sjulissaqmesa da mRdel-monaznis saqmes da missa samwysosa eklesiebis saqmesa marTladar mwysobdes, ara marTebdes da ar amagrebdes, raca Zal-edvas, mis saydars araSenebdes da ar kazmevdes, anu saydris mamuls ar amagrebdes, da romelmancaebiskopozman, raca sjulis kanonsa Sigan ar eweros, imas gareT anu uxvedrobisada sDnaobisa saqmesa zeda neba darTos da anu sakanono aarTvas, _ SeCuenebul iyoswmidaTa krebulTagan da kanonsamca queS aris wmidaTa mociqulTasa, da misisasaydrisagan eqsoria iqmnas.

8. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman diakoni da mRdeli asre akurTxos, rome mar-Talze ar ganikiTxos da anu daviTnisa da msgebsisa da kurTxevanisa kiTxva arSeeZlos, da anu umoZRuro iyos da moZRuari ar ganikiTxos, SeCuenebuli iyos.

9. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman sxvis ebiskopozisa Seundobelsa Sendoba misces,anu diakoni da mRvdeli ukurTxos, SeCuenebuli iyos.

10. q. romlisac ebiskopozis samwysos Sigan ese iqnebodes, umRdlod da, TuRone ar iyos, umTavardiakunod, eris kacis HeliTa anu ziareba gaegzavnos da anueziaros, xucesi wirvisagan daayenos.

11. q. romelman ebiskopozman missa samwysosa Sina ese ikadros da ar moikiTxos,SeCuenebuli iyos.

12. q. romlisac ebiskopozisa qorebiskopozi soflis soflamdis da eklesiiseklesiamdis ar mividodes da im eklesiis Sesavalsa kacebsa ar Sehyrides, uqmobasa,naTesaobasa, avgzisobasa, sDnaobasa, marxvis Wamasa marTliT saqmiT ar gamoikiTx-vides da ar marTebdes, SeCuenebuli iyos.

13. q. romelica, anu didi anu Tavadi, anu aznauri, anu glexi, ebiskopozsawinaaRudges da marTliTa samarTliTa da gankiTxviT qorebiskopozs sarjulo armoakiTxvinos, SeCuenebuli iyos.


14. q. vincavin ebiskopozsa da missa qorebiskopozsa winaaRmdegoba hkadros,marTliTa gankiTxviTa da gamoZiebiT rjuli ar mohkiTxos patronman, mefemanmisad sisxlad da Secodebad moikiTxos.

15. q. romelica ebiskopozi, didi anu mcire, kaTalikozsa samRTosa da sasju-losa saqmezeda, anu saydrisa, anu sjulisa saqme rame daeSaos, marTliTa gankiTx-viTa da gamowulilviTa raca kaTalikozman swuarTos, ewuarTos da marTalsaweszeda daadges, ara da ar gaugonos da arca iwuarTos, wirvisagan ganikueTos damefem saydrisagan eqsoria qmnas.

[mefis Ralatisa asre iqnas] 16. q. visac patronis mefis Ralati gamoaCndes,anu didsa, anu Tavadsa, anu aznaursa, anu visac, marTaliT gankiTxviT da gamowu-lilviTa, rarigadac wmidaTa krebaTa da wmidaTa mociqulTagan gaCenili iyos dasjulisa kanonsa Sigan eweros, sikudiliT ganipatiJos.

[kaTalikozisa da ebiskopozis ginebisaTvis] 17. q. vinc kaTalikozsa da ebi-skopozsa aginos da upatiuroba hkadros, rarigadac sjulis kanonSi eweros, im-rigad ganipatiJos.

[uRirsi mRdlis kurTxevisaTvis] 18. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman uRirsi mRdelianu diakoni akurTxos, da anu icodes misi uRirsoba, da anu wirva daanebos, da anuqrTami aarTvas, SeCuenebulimca aris, viTarca sDmon mogD.

nurc ebiskopozi, nurc moZRuari da winamZRuari qrTamiT nu daidginebis. amisTDssjulis kanoni asre brZanebs: Seundobeli iyos makurTxevelica da kurTxeulica.

[mrudad gamokvlevisa da gamarTlebisaTvis]. 19. q. romelmanc kacis msyidve-li da eklesiis mtexeli, marTali mrudad gamoikulios da mrudi ganamarTlos,SeuCerebeli iyos.

[saydris mamulis gamoxumisaTvis] 20. q. vincavin, didman anu mcireman, say-darsa da monastersa mamuli gamoaxuas, anu sofeli, anu venaHi, anu miwa da agari,vincavin [iyos], didi da mcire, SeCuenebuli iyos.

[sjulis gamTavebelTa da gardamavalTaTvis] 21. q. vinca es, mociqulTa dawmidaTa krebaTagan ganwesebuli da Cuen mier damtkicebuli sjuli da wigni gaaTaos,kurTxeva R~Tisa, ubiwod mSobelisa misisa da wmidiTa krebulTagan, da wmidaTamociqulTa, da yovelTa wmidaTagan. vinca es daamtkicos, locva-kurTxeviT daSendobiT iyos TaviTa, coliTa da SviliTa, saxliT, mamuliT da agarakiT, racR~Tsa kacisaTDs keTili daebados, yovliTa keTiliTa aRsavse iqmnas, locva-kurTxeviT da SendobiT amyofos.

vinc am wmidaTa krebaTa mociqulTagan ganwesebuli da Cuen mier damtkicebuliar Seiwynaros da kaTolikes saydarzed dasmulsa winaaRudges da Cueni mcneba ardaimarxos, krulmca aris caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda wmidaTa krebulTagan, wmida-Ta mociqulTagan da yovelTa wmidaTagan, Se-mca-eqmnebis Zrwola kaenisa, SiSTD-


li iudasi, mexis-texa deoskoresi, moSToba gmirTa, dawva sodomelTa, keTrigeezisa, danTqma daTan da abironisi, sircxDli kriskenti da Tabinesi, da yovelTaqristes uaris myofelTa Tanamca aris nawili misi.

[rZlis SerTvisaTvis] 22. q. vinca anu didman, anu Tavadman, anu aznaurman, anuglexman, rZali SeirTos, SeCvenebulimc aris R~Tisagan da misTa wmidaTagan daSDdTa krebaTa, wmidaTa mociqulTagan.

kacica da dedakacica gaRma-gamoRma dakiron, da mkiravni Cuengan dalocvilda kurTxeulni iyon.

me, afxazeTis kaTalikozi [evdemon], kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, quTaTel mitrapoliti sDmion, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, genaTel mTavar-ebiskopozi antoni, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, mama Wyondideli, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, bediel mitropoliti, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, moquel mTavar-ebiskopozi, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, drandel mitrapoliti filipe, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, cagerel mamaT-mTavari kozman, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, xonel mTavar-ebiskopozi zaqaria, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, nikorwmideli ebiskopozi iovakim, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.me, CiSel mamaT-mTavari kDrile, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.

[colis ubralod dagdebisaTvis] 23. q. romelman ubralod coli daagdos,SeCuenebulimca aris wmidaTa mociqulTagan da sikudiliTa ganipatiJos. 54 8

548 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, 1963, gv . 393-397.


daviT-garejis saeklesio kreba (1702 w.)

1702 wels mowveul iqna saeklesio

kreba, romelmac gamosca dadgenileba _

`ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro

wesisa da rigis Taobaze~.549

marTalia, ganCineba sazogadod samo-

nastro cxovrebas Seexeba, magram masSi

kerZoobiTi saubaria daviT-garejis mo-

nastris Sesaxeb. am dadgenilebiT kreba

Seecada, moewesrigebina daviT-garejis

samonastro cxovreba. ufro sworad,

krebas surda axlad daewyo da rogorme

aeRorZinebina samonastro cxovreba. saqme

is iyo, rom CrdilokavkasielTa (lekTa)

gamudmebulma TareSma daaZabuna daviT-

garejis monastrebi XVII s-Si. monas-

terTa sisxlsavse cxovreba gansakuTre-

biT daamcro 6000 beris amowyvetam. Zvel

saqarTveloSi berobis msurveli mrava-

li qristiani iyo, didi survilic hqon-

daT daviT-garejSi moRvaweobisa, magram

aoxrebul monasterSi mudmivi SiSiano-

bis gamo, Cans, darCena eZnelebodaT. am

da sxva mizezTa gamo 1702 wels mowveul

saeklesio krebis ganCinebaSi naTqvamia:

`Cven ama krebis brZanebiTa ese wigni,

piri da brZaneba davsdeviT, ase, rome:

1. romeli beri daviT garejas , Tu

naTlismcemels, Tu dodos, Tu berTu-

bans mivides metaniad da dasadgomad da

aRTqma yos mun monastersa Sina samyo-

fad da mere kualad ukun iqces da

dauteos Tvisi metania monasteri da

sxvad monastrad mivides ...Tavisi nebiT....

wyeul iyos da SeCvenebul RmrTisa da

oTxis patriarqisagan, svetis cxovelis-

agan da wmidis giorgisa, wmidis ninosa

da ama wmidis daviTis da dodosagan~.550

aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli qarTuli do-

kumentebi XIII s-mde asaxelebdnen xuT

msoflio patriarqs, maT Soris ig-

ulisxmeboda romis eklesiis meTauric

(papic), am droisaTvis misi xseneba amo-

vardnilia da mxolod oTxi marTlma-

didebeli patriarqi moixsenieba (konstan-

tinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da

ierusalimis patriarqebi). am sabuTidan

kidev erTxel Cans, rom daviT-garejis

monastrebi mTlian qarTul eklesiasTan

erTad XVIII s-is dasawyisSi marTlma-

didebluri orientaciisani iyvnen. amis

aRniSvna imisTvisaa saWiro, rom am mon-

asterSi berad Sevida sulxan-saba or-

beliani, TiTqosda kaTolike. cxadia, mar-

Tlmadideblur monasterSi kaTolike ver

dadgeboda, sulxan-sabas `kaTolikoba~

mxolod politikuri da ara sarwmunoe-

brivi orientacia iyo.

krebis ganCinebis me-2 muxlic Semok-

lebiT imasve imeorebs, rac 1-el muxl-

Sia gadmocemuli. me-3 muxli krZalavs

unebarTvod berebis erTi monastridan

meoreSi gadasvlas. me-4 muxliT monas-

tris datovebis Sendoba eZleva im bers,

romelsac `mefeTagan, kaTalikozTagan,

episkopozTa da darbazis erTagan gamo-

vides episkoposad an winamZRvrad, anu

romelisame wessa zeda mdgomared. amas

Sendoba da madli hqondes~.551

me-5 muxliT ekrZalebaT qveynis saero

da sasuliero meTaurebs (T avadebs,

episkoposebs) Sewynareba monastridan

unebarTvod gamosuli berisa.

549 Zveli qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 633; 550 iqve , gv. 634; 551 iqve, gv. 634.


me-6 muxliT kreba wyevas da SeCvenebas

uTvlis krebis ganCinebis damrRvevT.

krebis ganCinebas xels awers 11 episko-

posi: bodbeli, Tbileli, mangleli, same-

beli, mroveli, Weremeli, wilkneli,

xarWaSneli, dmaneli, bovneli, walkeli

da erTi arqimandriti. ganCinebas brZa-

nebis saxe misca kaTalikosma Tavisi be-

Wdis dasmiT. kaTalikosis brZaneba daa-

dastures amba alaverdelma nikolozma,

ninowmindelma iosebma, bodbelma mit-

ropolitma zaqariam da mTavarepisko-

posma qristeforem.

radganac krebis ganCineba uSualod

daviT-garejis monastrebs exeba, unda

vifiqroT, rom kreba iqve Catarda. amas

miuTiTebs krebis mier moxseniebul wmi-

daTa CamoTvlac. sazogadod, romelime

eklesiaSi, anda eklesiis sanaxebSi saRvTo

msaxurebis damaboloebeli Camolocvis

dros, rogorc wesi, uTuod moixsenieba

wmidani, romlis saxelzec aSenebulia

eklesia an monasteri. 1702 wlis krebis

ganCineba saerTo saeklesio siwmideebis

(sveticxovlis, sauflo kvarTis, svet-

icxovlisadmi mimadlebuli sauflo miro-

nis) CamoTvlis Semdeg, pirvel rigSi,

ixseniebs kaxeTis mxaris siwmideebs:

giorgi alaverdels, wmida ninos (e.i.

bodbis saydars) da aboloebs ase: `madl-

iTa mama daviT garejiTa da wmidisa

dodosiTa~ es ukanaskneli CamonaTvali

unda miuTiTebdes, rom kreba daviT gare-

jSi, anda mis mamulSi Catarda.

erTi sabuTidan Cans, rom krebis

Catarebis Semdeg daviT-garejis monas-

terTa mdgomareoba ramdenadme gaum-

jobesebula. 1704 wels daviT-garejis

winamZRvarma onofrem, dodos winamZR-

varma zaqariam da naTlismcemlis winamZR-

varma xaritonma Txovna miarTves kaxe-

Tis mefe erekle I-s da sTxoves monas-

trisaTvis daebrunebinaT sagarejos ma-

mulebi, ris sanacvlodac monastrebi

iRebdnen valdebulebas, yovelwliurad,

yvelieris xuTSabaTs, sagangebod ewiraT

mefe-dedoflisaTvis, xolo xorcielis

kviras maTi SvilebisaTvis. 1709 wels

gamocemuli Sewirulobis sigelidan Cans,

rom dav iT-garejis monastrebi, e .w.

stavropigiulni ki ar iyvnen, aramed ni-

nowmideli mTavarepiskoposis samwysos

Seadgendnen, yovel SemTxvevaSi, aseTi

pretenzia ganucxadebia ioseb ninow-

midels: àReSennes monasterni ege ud-

abnosani, vidremdis Seiqmnes adgilsa ma-

gas monasterni aTormeti Tavis-Tavad

winamZRvriTurT, da eseni yovelni iyvnes

samwyso da morCil RmrTisa mier kurTx-

eulisa mTavarepiskopozisa ninowmidelisa,

da romelnica uflebdes da ganagebdes

sagarejos wmidis ninos monastersa, maT-

ica jer ars pyroba da kurTxeva amaTi~.

mahmadianebis SemosevaTa droso, _

wers ninowmideli episkoposi, _ ùdab-

nonica ese garejisani aoxrdes da mraval-

Jam da mravalwel daSTa umkvidrod kac-

Tagan da arRaravin iyo berTagani adg-

ilsa magas wmidasa, vidremde yofad Cven-

damde da iyo umkvidro kacTagan~.552 ni-

nowmideli mTavarepiskopos ioseb vaCna-

Zis dros berebs aRudgeniaT dodos mon-

asteri, misTvis episkoposs mamulebi Seu-

wiravs. garda amisa, rac aRsaniSnavia,

am episkoposs berebisaTvis dauweria

saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istoria,

wmida ninos moRvaweoba, asureli mameb-

is Camosvla, gansakuTrebiT ki daviTis,

dodos da lukianes cxovreba. episkopo-

sis survili yofila, berebs hqonodaT

Sesabamisi codnac.

552 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III , gv. 660.


daviT-garejis krebis `ganCineba~

[ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro wesisa da rigis Taobaze][1702 w.]

q. saxeliTa saxierisa, arseba daubadebelisa RmrTisa mamisa, Zisa da sulisawmidisaTa, SewevniTa da madliTa yovlad ubiwosa umetesad kurTxeulisa, uxr-wnelisa qalwulisa mariamisaTa, SewevniTa da ZaliTa cxovels myofelisa jvari-saTa, ZaliTa da madlisaTa wmidaTa zecisa ZalTa angelozTa da mTavar angeloz-Ta, madliTa da SewevniTa wmidaTa udabnos maSvenebelTa mamaTa, madliTa daSewevniTa svetis cxovlisa kvarTisa sauflosa mironisa wmidisaTa, madliTa daTanamdgomlobiTa wmidisa giorgi alaverdisaTa da SewevniTa meaTcametisa mo-ciqulisa ninosiTa, madliTa mama daviT garejelisaTa da wmidisa dodosiTa;

Cven, meufisa mier samociqulosa kaTolike eklesiasa zedan dadginebulmanpatronman kaTalikozman evdemoz, amba alaverdelman patronman nikoloz, mTavar-efiskopozman qristeforem, ninowmindelman ioseb, sula qarTvelTa da kaxT efisko-pozTa, winamZRvarTa, mRdelTa da samRdeloT dasTa ese wigni, piri da ficidavsdeviT da Sekrva gaxsnis brZaneba, viTarca brZanebs piri RmrTisa: “romeliganxsnaT, xsnil iyos da romeli SekraT, krul iyos”.

Cven ama krebisa brZanebiTa ese wigni, piri da brZaneba davsdeviT, ase rome :1. romelic beri daviT-garejas, Tu naTlismcemels, Tu dodos, Tu berTubans

mivides metaniad da dasadgomad da aRTqma yos mun monastersa Sina samyofad, damerme kualad ukuniqces da dauteos Tvisi metania monasteri da sxvad monastradmivides, Cvenad uSendobod da eris gamourCevlad, daupatijeblad, Tavis nebiT dawadiliT da guliswyromiT, ampartavnobiT, dauTminobiT gamovardes, an sityuiT

553 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III , gv. 633.

rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan Cans, 1702

wels mowveuli saeklesio krebis Sem-

deg daviT-garejis monasterTa cxovre-

ba SesamCnevad aRorZinebula.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos ek-

lesias krebis mamebi uwodeben `samo-

ciqulo eklesias~. patriarqi Tavis

Tavs ase moixseniebs: `Cven , meufisa

mier, samociqulosa kaTolike ekle-

siasa zeda dadgin e buli patriarqi

kaTalikozi evdemozi~. 553 saqarTvelos

eklesiis am saxelwodebas gausva xazi

Semdgomma, 1748 wels mowveulma saek-

lesio krebamac.


visiTme moRordes da wavides, wyeul iyos da SeCvenebul RmrTisa da yovelT misTawmidaTagan, Svidis krebisagan da oTxis patriarqisgan, svetis cxovelisgan dawmidis giorgisa, wmidis ninosa da am wmidis mama daviTisa da dodosagan.

2. romelic Sevides, metania qnas dasadgomad, mamasa da krebuls piri da aRTqmadaudvas da aRar aRasrulos es Tavisi aRnaTqvami, wyeuli iyos da SeCvenebuli.

3. kvalad, romelmanc erTmanerTis SurobiT da qiSpobiT erTis monastridammeoreSi sadgomad beri miiyuanos an TviTan mivides mamasa da krebulisagan uSendo-bod, isimc wyeuli da SeCvenebul iyos.

4. Tu mefeTagan, kaTalikozTagan, efiskopozTa da darbazis erTagan gamorCeviTgamovides efiskopozad anu winamZRuarad anu romelsame wessa zeda mdgomlad, amasSendoba da madli qondes.

5. romelmac Tavadma, gina efiskopozman anu didman anu mcireman iqidam mamisakrebisa Seundobari da gamovardnili da am wyevas qveS danarCunebuli beri miuSvasda Seiwynaros, isic imisi monawile da Tanaziari iyos.

es ase gavarigeT da davamtkiceT.6. vinc amas urC eqmnas, wyevasa da SeCvenebasa qveSe iyos da daTan da abironTana

da iudas monawile da moziaremc iqmnebis, wyeul iyos suliTa da HorciTa aqa damermesa mas didsa dResa, amin. amin. amin.

amisi mowame da damamtkicebelni: bodbeli zaqaria, Tbileli domenti, mangle-li ioseb, samebeli nikoloz, mroveli, Weremeli, wilkneli, xarWaSneli parTeni,dmaneli elise, bovneli ivane, walkeli nikoloz, maRalaZe arqimanditi ni-koloz, sula qarTvelni da kaxni efiskopozni.

vinca am garigebisa da brZanebis damamtkicebeli iyos, madli da kurTxeva qondes.vinca vin urC eqmnas, wyevasamca qveSe ars aw da maradis ukuniT ukunisamdis, amin.qoronikons tJ.

beWedi: kaTalikozi evdemozvamtkiceb brZanebas amas kaTalikozis evdemosisasa amba alaverdeli.

xelrTva : alaverdeli nikolozvamtkiceb ninowmideli ioseb.

beWedi: mona RvTisa ninowmideli iosebvamtkiceb bodbeli mitrapoliti zaqaria am wigns.

beWedi: bodbeli zaqariaq. batoni mTavarefiskopozi vamtkiceb am sigels.55 4

beWedi : mTavarepiskoposi qristefore.

554 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 633.


sakanonmdeblo Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is karze (1706-1709 ww.)

saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa vaxtang

VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebuli. `mar-

Tlmadideblobis mxne mxedarma, uflis

mier Zlierma moRvawem, sionis rjulmt-

kicebiTa Seuryevelma svetma, marTlma-

dideblobiT da RvTis siyvaruliT Seuo-

rgulebelma batoniSvilma vaxtangma~

Tavis garSemo Semoikriba qarTuli ek-

lesiis, sityvisa da kulturis didi moam-

ageni, Seakrebina maT qarTveli xalxis

mravali saukunis namuSevari wmida wer-

ilis, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tu `vefx-

istyaosnis~ dafantuli furclebi, Sea-

swavlina isini da gamoacemina. vaxtang-

ma agreTve Seagrova qarTuli samarT-

lis Zveli naSTebi da Zeglebi, Seadgina

axali, daamtkicebina krebas isini da

gamosca mTliani `samarTlis wignTa kre-

bulis~ saxiT.

rogorc vaxtang VI-is samarTlis

wignTa krebulis SesavalSia naTqvami,

am epoqis qarTlis WeSmariti ganmanaTle-

beli, e.i. yoveli axali erovnuli ideis

momwodebeli iyo mefe giorgi XI _ `mze

simarTlisa~, romelmac `qveyanaTa amaT

qarTlisaTa mohfina naTeli~. 555 mefe

giorgim ineba da `mosca Tavis wilad

taxtsa zeda gamgeblad qarTlisad~ ba-

toniSvili vaxtangi, romelmac ìgula

da igulismodgina da Semokribna yovelni

wignni samarTlisani, romelni JamTa vi-

TarebiTa TviToeulad mimodabneuli iyo.

es yoveli moiZia, ipova da moiSova,

mravliTa iZulebiTa da friadiTa Srom-

iTa moiRo pirvel dabadebisa da gamos-

vlaTa samarTalni mosesmieri, romeli

TviT RmerTman mosca da amcno... meorisa

Zieba hyo saberZneTiT, oTxTa patriarq-

Ta mier qenebiTa wigni sasamarTloni,

JamTa keisrisaTa... mesame moaRebina didisa

somxeTisa mwyemsisa grigol ganmanaTle-

belisa samarxos eCmiaZiniT somexT mefeTa

wigni samarTlisani.. . meoTxe, wmidaTa

da marTlmadidebelTa qarTlis da afx-

azeTis kaTalikozTa RirsTa episkoposTa-

gan ganwesebuli samarTali, mexuTe, di-

dis mefeT-mefis giorgis mier Tqmulni

samarTalni mopovnebul-yo, romliTa

sjiden samnive ese samefoni qarTlisani.

meeqvse, aRbuRa jayel-cixisjvarelisa

Tqmulni ganaCenni da samarTalni, meS-

vide, amaT yovelTa Semdgomad aRwera

TviT sibrZniT da gulisxmobiTa Tvisi-

Ta, damowmebiT da nebadarTviT TvisTa

kaTalikoz-episkopoz da didebul-dar-

baiselTa, romeli aRwera TviToeulad

yovelnive samarTalni, ufros saxmar da

sargebel qarTlsa Sina amaT sxvaTaca~.556

sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelos same-

foebs anu imJamindeli qarTlis, kaxeTi-

sa da imereTis samefoebs, es Zegli, samives

erTad _ `qarTls~, `qarTlis samefoebs~

uwodebs,557 esaa areali, sadac am sa-

marTlis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda.

CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-

nia is, rom vaxtangma Tavisi Semoqmedeb-

iTi samuSao Seafasebina da miaRebina

krebas, romelic Sedgeboda – kaTaliko-

sisa da episkoposebisagan. am krebas, iseve,

rogorc saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas,

mefesa da umaRles ierarqebTan erTad

555 Zveli qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1963, t. I . gv. 99; 556 iqve . gv. 101; 557 iqve, gv. 100.


eswrebodnen – didebulni da darbaiselni,

vaxtangs maTi `damowmeba da nebadarT-

va~ esaWiroeboda. am krebas, ramdenime

sxdomisagan Semdgars unebebia damtki-

ceba da amoqmedeba samarTlis Zveli da

axali normebisa - `damowmebiTa da neba-

darTviT TvisTa kaTalikoz-episkopoz da

didebul-darbaiselTa~,556 rogorc wya-

ro aRniSnavs, am samarTlis kanonebis

moZieba-SemuSavebis dros vaxtangs gver-

diT edga cnobili mecnieri, kaTalikos-

patriarqi domenti IV, agreTve mTavar-

episkoposi grigoli, sxva mitropolit-

episkopos-winamZRvarni da sasuliero pirebi.

vaxtangi wers Tavisi samarTlis wignis

Se savalSi: `nuravin hgon ebT, TviT

mxolod TaviT TvisTa rasame vyofdeT,

ar am ed T an a yoliTa d a mow mo biTa

mRvdelmTavrisa da didis dedaqalaqisa

mcxeTisa da kvarTsa zedan sauflosa

svetisa RvTiv aRmarTebulisa da mir-

onaRmocenebulis, saWed-mpyroblisa da

xarisxisa zedan mtkiced mdgomelisa

Zmisa Cvenisa, batoniSvilis kaTaliko-

sis domentisiTa, agreTve TanadgomiTa

aragvis erisTviSvilis mTavarepiskopozis

grigoliTi da sxvaTa mitropolit-episko-

poz-winamZRvarTa da saRmrToTaganTa~.558

Tavisi samarTlis bolosityvaSic vax-

tangi Seaxsenebs momaval kaTalikosebs,

episkoposebs, mitropolitebs, winam-

ZRvrebs, mRvdlebs, sxva sasuliero

pirebs Semdegi droisa, rom mis naRvaw

samarTals `mowmoba darTes erTa CvenTa

srulebiT saRmrToTa da gina samxedroT

aman... yovelmanve erTbaSad da ese es-

reT ars Semzadebuli~.559

safiqrebelia, rom vaxtangma domen-

ti kaTalikosisa da grigoli episkopo-

sis TanadgomiT moamzada kanonebi, e.i.

Seamzada e.w. `samarTali batoniSvilis

vaxtangisa~. amis Semdgom maT da sa-

gangebod Seqmnilma komisiam moiZies sxva

qristiani erebis samarTlis wignebi. gan-

sakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo bizan-

tiuri samarTlis wignebs. Semdeg ki

mTeli krebuli krebam daamtkica.

komisiam upirvelesad saeklesio sa-

marTlis erT-erTi umTavresi wyaro

`friadi SromiT moiRo~. esaa e.w. ̀ moses

samarTali~. komisiisaTvis gansakuTre-

buli interesis sagans warmoadgenda

imperatorTa droindeli bizantiuri sa-

marTali, romelic Tavis droze ara

mxolod saqveyno, aramed upirvelesad

saeklesio samarTlis kodeqss warmoad-

genda. bizantiis imperiis damxobis Sem-

degac, ìgi moqmed samarTlad iTvle-

boda bizantiuri civilizaciis qvey-

nebSi (saberZneTi, bulgareTi, moldav-

eTi, ruseTi, saqarTvelo, somxeTi da

sxva), _ wers i. doliZe 56 0 – moqmed

samarTalSi igulisxmeba bizantieli

nomofilaqsis konstantine armenopulos

naSromi - èqvsi wigni~. 56 1

vaxtangis mier gamocemuli bizanti-

uri samarTlis mixedv iT Sedgen ili

`berZnuli samarTlis~ qarTuli versiis

umTavres nawils Seadgens armenopulos

èqvsi wignidan~ amokrebili kanonebi. mis

meore nawils Seadgens Targmanebi ma-

Teos blastaris sintagmidan. Tavis mxriv,

armenopulo aRniSnavs, rom mis wyaros

sxvasTan erTad warmoadgenda imperator-

ebis: basilis, konstantines da leonis

proxironebi, sakanonmdeblo aqtebidan

amonakrebi, agreTve mefeTa wignis (basi-

likis) Semokleba (sinopsisi) da sasa-

558 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1963, t. I, gv. 478; 559 iqve , gv. 532; 560 iqve , gv. 581; 561 Â.Ñîêîëüñêèé, Ãðåêî-ðèìñêîå ïðàâî â óëîæåíèè Ãðóçèíñêîãî öàðÿ Âàõòàíãà VI.


marTlo praqtika, imperatorebis dadge-

nilebebi, leon brZenis novelebis kre-

buli, leonisa da konstantines 18 tit-

ulovani ekloga, cxadia, umTavresi

wyaroa mociqulTa da saeklesio kre-

baTa kanonebi, sasinodo da sapatri-

arqos dadgenilebebi. 56 2

alfabeturi sintagmis avtoric, ma-

Teos blastari Tavisi naSromis wyarod

iyenebs saeklesio krebebis dadgenile-

be bs da kanon ebs, romis samarTlis

wyaroebs leon brZenis bazilikamde.56 3

qarTuli `samarTali berZnulis~ Sesav-

alSic asevea naTqvami: `leon brZnisa da

konstantinesi da sxvaTa xelmwifeTa mier

Tqmuli~.564 es Sesavali da misi 1-li

muxli warmoadgens armenopulos èqvsi

wignis~ Sesavals.565 i. doliZe eyrdnoba

vl. sokolskis daskvnebs, rom berZnuli

kanonebis qarTuli Targmani warmoad-

gens blastaris sintagmisa da armenopu-

los èqvsi wignis~ kompilacias. es uka-

nasknelni berZnul-romauli samarTlis

mTavari krebulebi iyo da iyenebdnen bi-

zantiis gviandel epoqaSi. blastaris sin-

tagmas sasuliero, xolo armenopulos

naSroms _ saero sasamarTloebSi. rogorc

cnobilia, miuxedavad Turqebis mier bi-

zantiis dapyrobisa, mainc osmaleTis

imperiaSi berZnuli da, sabolood, mar-

Tlmadidebluri mosaxleobis saeklesio

da samoqalaqo saqmeebis iurisdiqcia

mTlianad konstantinopolis sapatri-

arqosa da berZen sasuliero xelisu-

falTa xelSi moeqca, amitomac praq-

tikuli saWiroebisaTvis osmaleTSi mar-

Tlmadidebluri saeklesio xelisuflebis

mier gakeTda yoveldRiuri xmarebisaTvis

saWiro blastaris sintagmisa da armenop-

ulos èqvsi wignis~ mokle kompilacia.

bizantiis imp eriis dace mis Semde g,

rogorc aRiniSna, saeklesio iurisdiq-

cia gavrcelda marTlmadidebeli mosax-

leobis saero saqmeebzedac, radganac ek-

lesiis xelSi moeqca marTlmadidebeli

mosaxleobis samoqalaqo iurisdiqcia,566

amitomac erT mTlian korpusad gaer-

Tianebuli iuridiuli krebulebi, romel-

Sic saeklesio da saero samarTali Se-

dioda – didi upiratesobiT sargeblob-

da. swored aseTi krebuli mouZiebia

vaxtangis komisias yofil bizantiaSi,

anu imdroindel osmaleTSi. ramden-

imewliani Ziebis Semdeg, samarTlis wigni

berZnulidan gadmouTargmnia kvipriane

samTavnel episkoposs. ̀ berZnuli samarT-

lis~ mkvlevaris, T. bregaZis azriT, mis

wyaros warmoadgens blastaris sintag-

ma, armenopulos wignebidan CanamatebiT.

am xelnaweris qarTuli Targmani atarebs

gamokrebil xasiaTs. Targmani kvipriane

samTavnels unda Seesrulebina, am episko-

posma domenti kaTalikosis brZanebiT

Targmna ̀ kurTxeva eklesiisa~, imave kaTa-

likosis brZanebiT samarTlis zogierT

muxls gaukeTa minaweri.567

aqedan Cans, rom vaxtang VI-sTan

erTad aqtiurad muSaobda samarTlis

wignebze kaTalikos-patriarqi domenti

IV, episkoposi grigoli aragvis erisTavis

Svili da agreTve episkoposi kvipriane

samTavneli. kaTalikos-episkoposebis aq-

tiuri muSaoba berZnul-bizantiuri saek-

lesio-samoqalaqo samarTlis wyaroebis

Zieba-Targmnisas miuTiTebs, Tu ra aqti-

urad iRvwoda saqarTvelos eklesia sa-

marTlis sferoSi XVII s-is bolos da

XVIII s-is dasawyisSi.

562 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, gv. 580; 563 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, gv. 582; 564 iqve , gv.129 ; 565 iqve , gv. 582; 566 iqve , gv. 584; 567 iqve, gv. 592.


komisiam ineba da agreTve moiZia e.w.

`siriul-romauli samarTali~, romelic

im droisaTvis arsebobda somxur enaze

da daculi iyo eCmiaZinis sakaTalikoso

wignTsacavSi. igi am droisaTvis gaer-

Tianebuli yofila erT samarTlis kre-

bulad, mxiTar goSis samarTlis wign-

Tan erTad. ori weli Targmnidnen `somx-

uri samarTlis wigns~ da mis safuZ-

velze Seqmnes e.w. `somxuri samarTlis

qarTuli versia~. igi, rogorc iTqva,

ori nawilisagan Sedgeba, esaa siriul-

romauli samarTlis qarTuli versia da

mxiTar goSis samarTlis qarTuli ver-

sia. masSi sul 431 muxlia. siriul-

romauli samarTali, vl. sokolskis

kvlevis Tanaxmad, Sedgenili yofila

V s-Si da es iuridiuli krebuli Zveli

droidan moqmedebda ara mxolod somx-

eTSi, aramed saqarTveloSic.568 igi V-

VI ss-Si mcire aziis saxelmwifoebSic

yofila gavrcelebuli, viTarca bizan-

tiis gavlenis qveS myof qveynebSi. sir-

iul-romaul kanonebs gavlena mouxde-

nia mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignze (prof.

s. samuelianis azriT), mas `Zlevamosil

qristian mefeTa konstantines, Teodo-

sis da leonis kanonebs~ uwodebdnen.569

i. doliZis azriT, SesaZloa es siriul-

romauli kanonebi Zvelad qarTuladac

iyo naTargmni. magram igi dakargula da

amitomac vaxtangis komisias xelmeored

uTargmnia mxiTar goSis samarTlis wign-

Tan erTad.569 cxadia, marTlmadidebeli

bizantiis saxelmwifosa da misi impera-

torebis kanonebi gamosayenebeli iyo saek-

lesio sferoSi ZvelTaganve.

riT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli mxi-

Tar goSis samarTlis wignis CarTva

vaxtangis krebulSi? b. aruTinianis

azriT, samarTlis wigns `naxevrad sa-

kanonmdeblo, naxevrad moZRvruli xas-

iaTi hqonda da modave mxareTa da mosa-

marTleTa neba-survilze iyo damokide-

buli eRiarebinaT da gamoeyenebinaT igi

Tu ara~.570 i. doliZis azriT, samarT-

lis wignSi Setanili normebi da wesebi

moqmed samarTals warmoadgenda, Tumca

isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom TviTon vaxtang

VI miuTiTebda da urCevda mosamarTleeb-

sa da msajulebs gamoeyenebinaT ara ucx-

ouri samarTali, aramed qarTuli, anu

vaxtangis samarTali. amis mizezad vax-

tangi asaxelebs im garemoebas, rom

qarTvelebis `wesi da qceva~ gansxvavde-

ba sxva qveynebis `rigisa da qceulobis-

agan~. amitomac ucxouri samarTali `Cv-

enda uxmar ars~, Tumca ki samarTlis

wignSi isini `SemoklebiT moipovebian~.

vaxtangi wers, rom Cveni qveynisaTvis

sasargebloa da umjobesia mis mier Se-

muSavebuli da krebis mier damtkicebu-

li samarTlis gamoyeneba.571

osmaleTis kanone bis Sesab amisad,

sxvadasxva religiuri Temis wevrebi os-

maleTSi rogorc samoqalaqo, ise saek-

lesio sferoSic eqvemdebarebodnen sak-

uTar samarTals. amiT iyo gamowveuli,

rom yirimsa da osmaleTSi arsebul sxva

somxur koloniebSi mxiTar goSis sa-

marTali moqmed samarTals warmoadgen-

da, cxadia, somxebisaTvis. sakuTari sa-

marTlis moqmedebis es sfero somxebma

gaavrceles sxva qveynebSi mcxovreb somx-

ebzec, magaliTad, poloneTSi. i. doliZ-

is azriT, mxiTar goSis samarTliT xe-

lmZRvanelobda saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi

somexi mosaxleoba, gansakuTrebiT _

vaWarTa fena.570

568 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, gv. 594; 569 iqve , gv. 595; 570 iqve, gv. 602.


Tu es mosazreba misaRebia, maSin

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis mier somx-

uri samarTlis kanonebis ganxilva gamo-

wveuli unda yofiliyo qarTuli eklesiis

samarTlebrivi iurisdiqciis sferoSi

sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis mqone mTeli

qveynis mosaxleobis moqceviT. qarTuli

saxelmwifo udgenda Tavis moqalaqe

araqarTvelebs TavianTi eTnikur-aRmsare-

blobiTi niSnis Sesabamis kanonebs.

vaxtang VI -m da komisiam kre bas

warudgines saqarTvelos saeklesio sa-

kanonmdeblo krebis kanonebi, cnobili

`kaTalikozTa samarTlis~ saxeliT. ̀ kaTa-

likozTa samarTali mTel saqarTveloSi

moqmedi saeklesio sjuli iyo, radgan

igi damyarebuli iyo `sjulis kanonze~,

r om elic Z v elT a ga n v e mo q m ed e bd a

saqarTveloSi. es kargad icoda vaxtangis

sakodifikacio komisiam, romelmac ko-

misiis wevris saeklesio sjulmdeblo-

bis didi mcodnis kaTalikoz domentis

dasturiT es Zegli samarTlis wignTa

krebulSi Seitana, riTac kvlav daadas-

tur a mi si moq me de b a a Rmos avle T

saqarTveloSi, marTalia, kaTalikozTa

samarTali Sedgenili iyo dasavleT

saqarTveloSi, magram igi mTeli saqarTve-

los saeklesio weswyobisaTvis damaxas-

iaTebeli Zeglia.572

i. doliZe wers _ `specialur lit-

eraturaSi kaTalikozTa kanonebs biWvin-

Tis saydris iadgars adareben da mas

xsenebuli kanonebis damatebad Tvlian.

es azri ekuTvnis prof. al. xaxanaS-

vils~.573 is al. xaxanaSvilma gamoTqva

Tavis `gujrebSi~ (1891, gv. 124-125) da

werilSi - (Ljgjkytybt r uhepbycrbv

rfnfkbrjcjdsv pfrjyjv).574 maTSi gamoTq-

vams imave azrs, rom biWvinTis gujari

(iadgari) warmoadgens `kaTalikozTa

kanonebis~ damatebas. Tavis mxriv, es

gujari dgeboda TandaTanobiT, oTxi

saukunis ganmavlobaSi da Tavisi axlan-

deli saxe miiRo ara uadres XVIII s-is

pirveli meoTxedisa. aRsaniSnavia, rom

biWvinTis iadgaris mixedviT, biWvinTis

saydari mefeTa (imereTis) sakuTrebadaa

miCneuli _ `saydari maTi ars~.575 me-2

muxli icavs taZars `didebulis, Tava-

dis an aznauris~ ymis mier gatexisagan.

gamtexis qoneba saydars unda darCeno-

da. mekobre da misi mebatone ki Zelze

unda gaesvaT. sul 27 muxlia, romlebic

icavs sakaTalikosos qonebas, glexebs,

ymebs da mamuls, pirutyvs, jogs, `say-

dris Svilebs~, saydris `moxeleebs~,

`kaTalikosis kacs~, `zurgiT mzidav

xars, sefe xars~, ̀ moxeleTa kacs~, ̀ kaTa-

likozis yma-msaxurs~, `saydris moina-

les~, `biWvinTis garSemo sofelsa da

glexebs~, àgarakebs~, sxva soflebs,

`metoq monastrebs~, qalaqebs, imaTSi

mcxovreb glexebs, msaxurebs, moinaleebs,

`soflis kacebs~, `cols~, `qals~, ve-

naxs, `saydris ymebs~, ymis mejinibes,

mesadiles, mwyemss, krZalavs `biWvinTis

wyalSi~ nadirobas (Tevzaobas). ramden-

ime muxlSi ganxilulia didebulis, Ta-

vadis an aznauris mier `kaTalikosis

gineba~, èpiskoposis cema, xelT Sepy-

roba, avad gineba, upativoba~ da sxv.

bolos, aRniSnulia `viTarca sxvaTa say-

darTa uCinebulesi ars biWvinTis say-

dari, agreTve umetesi iadgari davdeviT

da davamtkiceT mtkice brZanebiT ese~.

biWvinTis iadgari, anu gujari, Sesa-

Zloa marTlac damateba iyos ̀ kaTalikoz-

571 q.s .Z., I. , gv. 532, vaxtangis bolosityvaoba; 572 q.s .Z., I., gv. 607; 573 i. doliZe. `kaTalikozTasamarTali~, q.s. Z. I. gv. 610; 574 Þðèäè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê, Ò-XI. 1882. c. 568-571; 575 q.s .Z., I. , gv. 611.


Ta samarTlisa~, radganac zogierTi mux-

li, romlebic am ukanasknelSi bun-

dovnadaa ganmartebuli, biWvinTis iad-

garSi naTladaa gadmocemuli. magali-

Tad, kaTalikosTa samarTlis me-17 mux-

lis Tanaxmad, kaTalikosisa da episko-

posTa ginebisaTvis sasjeli asea micemuli

_ `vinca kaTalikozsa da episkopozs

aginos da upatiuroba hkadros, ra riga-

dac sjulis kanonSi eweros, imrigad

ganipatiJos~,576 magram moZebna imisa, Tu

ra ewera `sjulis kanonSi~, moiTxovda

Ziebasa da Sromas, amitomac biWvinTis

iadgarSi imave danaSaulisaTvis sasje-

lis zoma pirdapiraa naCvenebi _ `vinca

kaTalikozsa aginos anu sacemrad waiz-

idos, 50 glexi saydars daeurvos da

kaTalikozsa ori sisxli daeurvos did-

isa SexvewiTa~.577 maSasadame, damnaSaves

50 glexi saydris sasargeblod unda Cam-

orTmeoda, piradad kaTalikosis sasarge-

blod ki òri sisxli~ unda gadaexada.

aseve qorepiskoposis ginebisa da upa-

tivcemulo mopyrobisaTvis damnaSaves 12

glexi unda CamorTmeoda saydris sasarge-

blod, 300.000 TeTri ki TviTon daz-

aralebuls unda gadascemoda. aseve gan-

martebulia sxva muxlebic. Tumca isic

unda iTqvas, rom kaTalikosTa samarT-

lis sfero ufro zogad-yovlismomcve-

lia, magaliTad, igi ganixilavs da debs

sasjels tyveTa syidvis da eklesiis

mkrexelTa winaaRmdeg. udebs kanonsa da

sasjelebs episkoposebs, magaliTad, me-

14 muxliT episkoposis mowinaaRmdege

damnaSavis gasamarTlebis Semdeg mefes

evaleboda misi dasja. me-15 muxliT kaTa-

likosis mowinaaRmdege episkoposs, dari-

gebaTa Semdgomac gamousworebels, mefe

saydars CamoarTme vda. `kaTalikozTa

samarTali~ ixilavs mefis moRalateTa, uR-

irsi mRvdlis makurTxevelTa, cud mosa-

marTleTa sasjelebs. agreTve debs sasjelebs

`saydris mamulis gamoxumisaTvis~, `sju-

lis gamTavebelTa da gardamavalTaTvis~,

`rZlis SerTvisaTvis~ da sxv.

rogorc aRiniSna, radganac `kaTa-

likozTa samarTali~ saqarTveloSi moq-

medi saeklesio sjuli iyo, igi ganixila

vaxtangis komisiam da gadasca krebas

dasamtkiceblad, amitomac igi Sevida

vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebulSi.

vaxtangis komisiam moiZia da sjul-

debiT krebas gansaxilvelad gadasca

meore sakanonmdeblo Zegli, romelic

beqasa da aRbuRas samarTliTaa cnobili.

Cveni azriT, rogorc `kaTalikozTa sa-

marTali~ warmoadgenda XVI s-Si Catare-

buli saeklesio krebis mier gamocemul

kanonebs, aseve `beqasa da aRbuRas~ sa-

marTali warmoadgens Wulevis eklesia-

Si Semdgar saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo kre-

bis mier Sedgenil samarTals, ukanaskneli

ufro farTo moculobisaa da, Tavis

mxriv, Seicavs beqasa da aRbuRas sa-

marTlis garda, agreTve `bagrat kura-

palatis samarTlis~ da TviTon Wulevis

krebis mier gamocemul e.w. `kanonikur

samarTals~. maSasadame, Cveni fiqriT,

aRbuRa aTabag-amirspasalaris dros Wu-

levis taZarSi Semdgarma saeklesio-sa-

kanonmdeblo kreba-darbazobam, daaxloe-

biT 1295-1304 wlebSi, moiZia da ganix-

ila misTvis saWiro Semdegi samarTlis

wignebi: 1. bagrat kurapalatis samarTa-

li; 2. beqa mandaturTuxucesis samar-

Tali; 3. aRbuRa aTabag-amirspasalaris

samarTali; isini daamtkica da erT sa-

marTlis wignad Sekra, bolos ki daur-

To TviT krebis mier gamocemuli ̀ kanoni-

576 q.s .Z., I., gv. 396; 577 iqve, gv. 612.


kuri samarTali~. es samarTlis wignebi

Wulevis krebam ara qronologiuri we-

sis mixedviT, aramed, Cans, moqmedi sa-

marTlebrivi sicocxlisunarianobis Se-

sabamisad daalaga. rogorc aRiniSna, vax-

tangis komisiam moiZia es krebuli, romel-

ic `beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis~ sax-

eliT da ara Wulevis krebis samarTliT

iyo cnobili da gadasca vaxtang mefis

karze moqmed krebas da vaxtangis sa-

marTlis wignTa krebulSi CarTo.

vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebu-

li, agreTve, Seicavs gaerTianebuli

saqarTvelos samefos RvTivgvirgvinosan

mefeTa mier Sedgenil samarTlis wign-

Tagan SemorCenil giorgi brwyinvales

`Zeglis dadebas~. es iyo saqarTvelos

mTianeTisaTvis sagangebod Sedgenili

sjulmdebloba. igi adgilobrivi xasia-

Tis sakanon mde blo Z eglia , magram

saqarTvelos daSlis Semdeg erT dros

barisaTvis Seuferebeli da Seusabamo

kanonebi, daqveiTebuli da danawevrebu-

li saqarTvelos kuTxeebisaTvis moqmed

samarTlad iqca _ `romliTa sjidnen

samnive ese samefoni qarTlisani~.

vaxtangis komisiam, rogorc aRiniSna,

igi CarTo Tavis samarTlis krebulSi.

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa am

krebulSi CarTuli `samarTali batoniS-

vilis vaxtangisa~. mkvlevarTa erTi naw-

ilis azriT, am krebulSi marTalia Set-

anilia sxvadasxva erovnuli da ucxo

Zegli, magram savaldebulo Zala mx-

olod sakuTriv vaxtangis kanonebs hqon-

daT. krebulSi Sesuli moses, berZnul

da somxur samarTals mxolod damxmare

samarTlis funqcia hqonda. TviTon vax-

tangis samarTalze didi gavlena mouxde-

nia bizantiur samarTals.

bizantiuri samarTlis gavlena rogorc

qarTul, ise sxva marTlmadidebeli qvey-

nebis samarTalze, Turqebis mier kon-

stantinopolis dapyrobis Semdegac ar

Sewyvetila, `piriqiT, SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom is erTgvarad kidec gaZlierda.

saqarTveloSi gavrcelda da gamoiyene-

boda rogorc yvelaze Zveli (siriul-

romauli), ise berZnul-romauli samarT-

lis erT-erTi gviandeli Zegli, rac

mowmobs saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi berZnul-

romauli samarTlis mudmivsa da uwyvet

gavlenas saqarTvelos samarTlebriv wyo-

bilebaze. am mxriv, saqarTveloSi gan-

meorda yvela is movlena, romelsac

adgili hqonda aRmosavleTis sxva mar-

Tlmadidebel qveynebSi~. 578 sokolskis

msgavsad, prof. al. xaxanaSvilis azriT,

saqarTveloSi moqmedebda berZnuli (e.i.

bizantiuri) samarTali da didi gavlena

hqonda qarTul samarTalze, maT Soris,

vaxtangis kanonebzec. al. xaxanaSvilis

azriT, qarTul `sigelebSi xSirad nax-

avT miTiTebebs berZenTa kanonebze~.579

rogorc al. xaxanaSvili aRniSnavs, vax-

tangis samarTlis krebulSi CarTuli

berZnuli samarTlis 153, 166 da 172-e

muxlebidan momdinareobs batonymobis

mkacri xasiaTi vaxtangis samarTlis

wignis 235-e, 258-e da 259-e muxlebSi,

romlebic ymis uuflebo mdgomareobas

akanonebs. al. xaxanaSvils miaCnia, rom

bizantiis samarTlis didi gavlena qar-

Tul kulturasa da kanonmdeblobaze

aisaxa vaxtangis kanonebSi, magaliTad,

misi samarTlis wignis 25-e muxlSi da-

kanonebuli principi _ `mefisa da kaTa-

likosis saqme orisave swori ars da

aRbuRas kanonebis 102-e muxlis norma

578 Â. Cîêîëüñêèé, Ãðåêî-ðèìñêîå ïðàâî â óëîæåíèè ãðóçèíñêîãî öàðÿ Âàõòàíãà VI, Æóðí. ìèí. ïðîñâ. 1897, c.56-93, q.s.Z. I. gv. 639; 579 al. xaxanaSvili, `batonymoba saqarTvelosi~, 1910. meore gamocema, gv. 50-51.


`meore mefe episkopozi ars~ bizanti-

uri samarTlis normebia. bizantiam kidev

ufro meti gavlena daaCnia saqarTvelo-

Si qorwinebis, col-qmrobis kavSirisa

da ojaxis safuZvlebis ganmtkicebas~.580

rusi mecnieris m. kovalevskis azriT,

`qarTuli saojaxo da saqorwilo sa-

marTali mTlianad nasesxebia bizanti-

uri kanonikuri samarTlidan . romisa

da bizantiis samarTalma didi gavlena

moaxdina qalis uflebriv mdgomareoba-

ze qarTul samarTalSi. beqasa da aRbu-

Ras kanonebiT, qurdobisaTvis dasaxele-

buli ormagi sazRauri nasesxebia romis

samarTlidan~.58 1

vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebulSi

SesulTagan savaldebulo Zala mxolod

vaxtangis kanonebs hqondaT. germaneli

mkvlevaris d. holdakis azriT, ufro adre

igive azri gamoTqva haqsthauzenma.582

al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, `vaxtangis

krebulSi Sesuli sxva iuridiuli Ze-

glebi dadebiTi samarTlis damxmare

wyaros warmoadgendnen. moqmedi samar-

Tali mxolod da mxolod vaxtangis

debulebiT ar amoiwureboda, vaxtangis

debuleba sargeblobda upiratesobiT, ma-

gram sasamarTlos hqonda kompilaciis

sxva normebis Sefardebis ufleba, Tu

amas saWiroeba moiTxovda~.583

iv. surgulaZe ki miiCnevda, rom `vax-

tangis samarTlis wigni Sedgenili qarT-

lis samefo darbazis monawileobiT mo-

qmedebda mTel saqarTveloSi~.584

isidore doliZis azriT, XVIII da XIX

ss-is sasamarTlo aqtebi metyvelebs, rom

vaxtangis samarTlis wigni moqmedi samar-

Tali iyo, romelsac kanonis Zala hqonda.585

vaxtangis samarTalze gavlena mouxde-

nia Zvel saqarTveloSi arsebul sakanon-

mdeblo Zeglebs, amitomac igi qarTuli

erovnuli samarTlis yvelaze srulyofili

Zegli da marTlmsajulebis ZiriTadi sax-

elmZRvanelo wigni iyo gvianfeodalur

saqarTveloSi.586 iv. javaxiSvilis azriT,

Zvel saqarTveloSi vaxtangamdec arse-

bobda ucxo qveynebis sakanonmdeblo Ze-

glebis qarTuli Targmanebi, maT Zvela-

dac aerTianebdnen sxva qarTul ZeglebT-

an erT krebulSi.587 berZnuli da somxuri

samarTlis wignebi ueWvelad winaTac iqne-

boda, maTi arseboba vaxtangs ar scodnia

da xelaxla gadmouqarTulebia.588 d. fur-

celaZe sigel-gujrebis Seswavlis Sem-

deg mivida daskvnamde, rom qarTveli mo-

samarTleebi saqmis ganxilvisa da gadaw-

yvetilebis gamotanisas sargeblobdnen vax-

tangis krebulSi Setanili berZnuli da

somxuri kanonebiT.589 amasve werda daviT

batoniSvilic, giorgi XIII-is Ze, qarTu-

li samarTlis istoriis saukeTeso

mcodne .590

`samarTali vaxtang batoniSvilisa~

rogorc Cans, Tavdapirvelad, mTavrdebo-

da 204-e muxliT, romelsac mosdevda

bolosityvaoba. SesavalSi vaxtangi aRni-

Snavs, rom igi umciresi iyo ZmaTa Soris,

ineba `Tavad man ufalman gamoavlina pir-

iTa utyueliTa brZaneba codvilTa mowy-

aleba da myo me msajulad da gamged

RvTismSoblis wilxvdomili qveynisa~.59 1

vaxtangi, rogorc aRiniSna, werda, rom

580 al. xaxan aSvili, `bizantiis gavlena saqarTvelozed~, gaz . ̀ moambe~ 1901. #XII; 581 Ì. Êîâàëåâñêèé,Çàêîí è îáû÷àé íà Êàâêàçå, T. I, c. 110-134. q.s.Z. I. gv. 639; 582 Holldak, Zwei Grandsteine… 1907, p. 97-102, Haxthausen, Transcaucasia, II, 1856, p. 282. q.s. Z. I. gv. 638; 583 al. vaCeiSvili, narkve vebiqarTuli samarTlis istoriidan I , 1946, gv. 18; 584 iv. surgulaZe, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa dasamarTlis istoriisaTvis, 1952, gv. 113; 585 q.s.Z. gv. 641; 586 i. doliZe , vaxtangis samarTlis wignTakrebulis Sedgeniloba da wyaroebi, q .s.Z . I . gv. 650; 58 7 iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlisistoria, I. gv. 118-119; 588 iqve, gv. 119; 589 Ä. Ïóðöåëàäçå, Êðåñòúÿíñêèå ãðàìîòû, 1880, c. 20; 590 q.s.Z.I. gv. 652; 591 iqve, gv. 477.


samarTlis wignebi Seadgina `Tanayoli-

Ta da mowmobiTa~ domenti IV kaTaliko-

sisa. aseve , aragvis erisTavis Svilis

mTavarepiskoposis grigolisa da sxva

mitropolitis, episkoposebis, winamZRvre-

bis, sasuliero pirebis TanadgomiT. saer-

Tod ara marto sasuliero ierarqiis,

aramed saxelmwifo darbazis Tanamonaw-

ileobiTa da damtkicebiT _ `mowmobi-

Ta da TanazraxviTa yovelTa darbazis

erTa CvenTaTa~. 592

maSasadame , saxelmwifo darbazis

sxdomebze ixileboda vaxtangis kanone-

bi, romelmac sabolood miiRo igi. sax-

elmwifo darbazi, rogorc aRiniSna,

rodesac saeklesio sakiTxebs ixilavda

da darbazobaSi monawileobda umaRlesi

ierarqia, imavdroulad warmoadgenda

saeklesio krebas kaTalikosis meTauro-

biT. maSasadame, vaxtangis kanonebi mi-

iRo saeklesio krebamac, es kanonebi imave

dros saeklesio samarTlis normebia,

radganac misi mravali muxli swored

saeklesio sakiTxebs eZRvneba. sazoga-

dod, samarTlis dadgenis procesSi kaTa-

likosisa da episkoposebis monawileoba

iuridiuli normaa. magaliTad, zogier-

Ti muxli pirdapir miuTiTebs maT Care-

vas, 64-e muxliT gansazRvrulia colis

mtanjveli kacis mefis mier dasja da

miTiTebulia: `da kaTalikozmac asre

uyos~. 59 3 iqve miTiTebulia ìs kaTa-

likozman icis~, muxli 65-e _ `tanjva

hyos kaTalikozman~, muxli 66-e _ ̀ kaTa-

likozman wurTniT unda Searigos~, mux-

li 79-e _ `kaTalikozman da mefem

gardaaxdevinos~, `moZRvarman icis misi

sakanoni~.594 muxli 96-e ès saqme kaTa-

likozma da mefem didad unda moikiTx-

on~ , muxli 97-e `kaTalikozisagan

592 q.s .Z., I., gv. 478; 593 iqve , gv. 428; 594 iqve , gv. 501; 595 iqve , gv. 525; 596 iqve, gv. 439.

gardaexdevineba~ da sxv. mTeli Tavi aqvs

daTmobili episkoposis sakiTxs, magali-

Tad, 175 -e muxlSi n aTqv amia , rom

saqarTveloSi episkoposebis Semosavali

mcirea da isini ar arian didi qonebis

patronebi, radganac `saqarTvelo Rari-

bi da usaqonlo qveyana aris, agre rigad

arc xelmwifis Semosavali aris, verc

amas episkoposis Zma da saxlis kaci

episkoposisagan iSoebs rasme misgan~.595

aseve sagangebo Tavi eZRvneba sasjels

`qveynisa da rjulis RalatisTvis~. ma-

galiTad, muxli 222-e ambobs _ `vinc

kacman qveyanas da qristes rjuls uo-

rgulos RvTisa da batonis orisav me-

sisxle iqnebis~.596

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania vaxtang-

is samarTalSi mocemuli pativis norme-

bi, romliTac saeklesio pirebi mikuTvneb-

ulni arian qveynis sxvadasxva ierarqi-

ul fenas. magaliTad, 25-e muxlis Tanax-

mad _`mefisa da kaTalikozis saqme ,

ukadrisi Tu rac ram feri, orisave swori

aris, imitom rome erTi xorcis xelm-

wife aris da meore sulisa, kurTxeva

da pativic RvTisagan da kacTagan swore

aqvT maTi saqme Cven swored dagviwe-

ria~. 26-e muxliT mTavarepiskoposi pa-

tiviT gaTanabrebulia didebul Tavad-

Tan, 27-e muxliT episkoposi pativiT

gaTanabrebulia Sua TavadTan; 28-e mux-

liT arqimandritis pativi gaTanabrebu-

lia mesame xarisxis TavadTan; winamZR-

varis pativi tolia gadidebuli aznau-

risa, mRvdel-monazvnis pativi Sua azn-

aurTan aris gaTanabrebuli, mRvdlis pa-

tivi _ calmogvi aznauris pativis to-

lia (mesame xarisxis aznauri, romelic

utoldeba meore xarisxis vaWars). mTa-

vardiakvnis pativi msaxuris pativis


tolia , romelic utoldeb a me same

xarisxis vaWars. (mitropolitis sisx-

li mTavarepiskoposis sisxlis mexuT-

eds Seadgens).597

vaxtangis kanonebi XIX s-is dasawyis-

Sic ki gamoiyeneboda saqarTveloSi rusu-

li mmarTvelobis nebiT, amitomac mis,

rogorc imperiis erT kuTxeSi moqmedi

samarTlis mimarT xelisufleba inter-

ess iCenda. igi iTargmna rusulad da

1828 wels gamoica peterburgSi mmarTve-

li senatis mier. frangulad igi Targm-

na mari brosem XIX s-is 30-ian wlebSi.

1887 wels meore rusuli gamocema ga-

naxorciela d. baqraZem q. TbilisSi.

frangi rodolf darestis TqmiT, vax-

tangis kanonebi èrT-erTi yvelaze sain-

tereso Zeglia samarTlis istoriaSi~.598

igi warmoadgens ara mxolod samoqalaqo,

aramed saeklesio samarTlis erT-erT

wyaros, amitomac misi Seqmna-SemuSave-

bis droidan dRemde saqarTvelos ek-

lesiis istoriis mkvlevarTa Seswavlis

obieqts warmoadgens.

597 q.s .Z., I., gv. 481; 598 iqve, gv. 673.

`samarTali batonisSvilis vaxtangisa~


q. myofisa umyofisa, arsisa da uarsisa damaarsisa, mqebi, araTu Rirsad daSeZlebisa Cemisaebr mqebeli da mmonebeli, udebad mqone mpovnel viqmen.

viTarca mefeni, dRiTi-dRe mrevelni HelTa margalitTa Sina, da hpoebenmZivTa raTame, da uxilvelobisaTvis aRiReben da STasdeben saunjed, patiosanTaSemkobiT upatiosned margalitTa hyofen, egreTve ufalman Cvenman, mbadman yovel-Taman da sibrZniT gamgebelman, mpova margalitTa Sina mravalTa da aRmiRomsgavsad Hmisa amis meca egreTve, _ umcires viyav me ZmaTa CemTa Soris da umrwmessaxlisa Cemisa, da vmwysidi Tavsa Cemsa ugunurad da TavHedad, Helni Cemni iyvnenmoqmed araris keTilisa, da TiTni Cemni vera romelsa iSromebden nebasa uflisasa,aramed iyvnen uqm. vinme miuTxra esodeni borotni Cemni ufalsa Cemsa.

xolo Tavadman ufalman gamoavlina piriTa utyueliTa bZaneba, codvilTamowyaleba, da aRmiRo me unarCevesobasa saxlisa Cemisagan da myo me msajulad daganmged wilHdomilTa queyanaTa ubiwod mSobelisa dedisa Tvisisa araTu qmnile-baTa raTame keTilTa CemTaTvis, aramed unarCevesobisa CemisaTvis, amisTvismca,raTa scnan yovelTa, raTa uswavlelTa da umecarTagan sTnavs da nebavs srulmy-ofelsa R~Tsa maradis gonebakeTilisa.


i yo q ue ya na e se q arTlisa yovliTurT keTiliTa Sem kul da Sezav eb ul,xolo cvaleb iTa dReTa da v iT areb iTa J amTaTa Tv iT si brZniT da T av iTTvisiT sjiden da ganagebden, vieTnime moyusobiT, vieTnime megobrobiT, vieT-nime moridebiT, vieTnime R~Tis uridvelobiT da vieTnime miRebiTa qrTami-Ta, _ viTarca enebaT, sjiden.

xolo Cven, nebiTa R~TisaTa da wyalobiTa didis HelmwifisaTa, pirveliT-ganve zeciT saqarTvelos mefed gankuTnilisa da aw sasufevel caTa Sina sulbrwy-inulad manaTobelisa, pirvel vaxtang wodebulisa, xolo Semdgomad sparsTa eniTaSahnavaz Hmobilisa,

Zisa misisa, sruliad qeba-SemsgavsebiT Zniad misaTxrobelisa qarTvelTa me-fisa da eranelTa sfadar-spasalarisa, amilbar-spaspetisa, uTvalavisa da uam-ravis spisa da laSqris mewinaved Cenilisa, uvneblad da mterze ZleviT maarebe-lisa, yandaarisa da qirmanis beglarbegisa, giriSqisa da hailaTis mWiravisa,Zlierisa da uZlevelisa, pirvel giorgi wodebulisa da aw maRlis HelmwifisaganwyalobiT meore SahnavazobiT Hmobilisa,

magierad myofman, Zeman eranis mdivanbegis levan Hmobilisa, aw Sahyulixanwodebulisaman, saqarTvelos janiSinman da gamgebelman batoniSvilman patronmanvaxtang, winaTqmulTa amisTvis viwadeT sasamarTlosa wignisa aRwera.

pirvel “dabadebisa”, moses mier qmnili samarTalni, da kvalad berZenTa dasomexTa wignTagan gardmoTargmnebuli, egreTve kaTalikozisa, mefis giorgisa dabeqas ganCinebuli samarTlebi SevkribeT da ese yoveli zemore werebulman gamcnosT.

xolo eseca scanT, iguleT da igulismodgineT, da romelic genebosT daumjobes giCndesT, miT sjideT da samarTalsa iqmodeT.

aw viwyoT ganaCenisa amis, Cven mier aRwerilisaTvis.romelni ixilavT da ismenT, nuravin hgonebT, TviT mxolod TaviT TvisiT

rasame vyofdeT, aramed TanayoliTa da mowmeobiTa mRdel-mTavrisa da didisdedaqalaqisa mcxeTisa da kvarTsa zedan sauflosa svetisa RmrTiv aRmarTebulisada miron-aRmocenebulis, saWed-mpyrobelisa da HarisHsa zedan mtkiced mdgomel-isa, Zmisa Cvenisa, batoniSvilis kaTalikozis domentisiTa,

egreTve TanadgomiTa aragvis erisTviSvilis mTavarebiskopozis grigoliTi dasxvaTa mitrapolit-ebiskopoz-winamZRvarTa da samRrToganTaTa,

da mowmeobiTa da TanazraxviTa muxranis batonis erekleTi, aragvis erisTavisgiorgiTa, qsnis erisTvis daviTisiTa, orbeliZe sardris luarsab iTa, ami-laxoris avTa ndiliTa, m div anb eg is erastiTa da s xv aTa yovelTa darb aziserTa Cv enTaTa,

da kiTxviTa WkuaTa myofelTa da moxucebulTa kacTaTa gavaCineT da davwereT,romelsa mivwvdiT da anu gonebani Cvenni samarTalTa mixudnen.


amiT ufro viqmeniT mizez wignisa amis, rameTu aRaravin gandrikos sasworsasamarTlisasa qrTamiT, gina moyusobiT anu sxvefriv riTme midgomiTa, aramedpirvel ganaCenni ixilon, da axali eseca, da romelic enebos mosamarTlesa, miTiqmodes samarTalsa.

me es wigni asre ar damiweria da arca viCemeb, rome ara akldes ra. bevri aseTisaCivrebi aris da mova, rome zogi ver movigoneT da arc miswudebis kacis goneba.

vinc mixudes rasme da moigonos, CaurTos da Casweros, kargsa da marTebuls iqs.

25. mefisa da kaTalikozis saqme, ukadrisi Tu rac ram feri, orisave sworiaris, amitom rome erTi Horcis Helmwife aris da meore - sulisa, kurTxeva dapativic RuTisagan da kacTagan swore aqvT. dastur, mefes ufross pativs scemen,magrame Horcielis SiSiT iqmonen. amitom maTi saqme Cven swored dagviweria. Tuara sjobdes, vinc ukeT icodes, Cven nuras gvabralebs, iman daweros.

numca vin ikadrebs da numca vis SeemTxveDs eseviTari, romeli avnebs Horcsa daumetesad sulsa, nuca samRTo kacisa da nuca sxvaTa ZeTa adamisaTa, _ romelsa mevHmob, eseviTari.

nu Tu pirveliTganve samoTxidam pirvelisa mamis, adamis, gamomZebelman, dauZine-belman, maradis mbrZolman da mterman, uxilavman eSmakman TvisiTa manqanebiTa dasabrHe-gebiTa aRZras bunebani kacTani Surad da kulad kacisad, gina saRmToganTazedan, gina Tu didebulTa da Tavadsa zedan anu Tu aznaurTa da glexTa zedan, anuTu mama Zesa da Ze mamazeda, gina Zma Zmazeda da moyuasi moyuaszeda, - eseviTarssaqmes SeemTxvios, mas ukan amis meti aRara gaewyobis ra, rogorc dagveweros, asreunda iqnas.

26. didebulis Tavadis mTeli sikudilis sisxli - aTas xuTas ocdaTequsmetiTumani. am didebulis Tavadis tolad - mTavarebiskopozis sisxli. am mTavareb-iskopozis sisxlze mexuTed naklebad - mitropolitis sisxli.

27 . dideb uls quemoTis, Suas Tav adis si sxli - Svi das sa mocdarv a Tu-m a ni. a m a sT a n , asre - dide b uli s s axli s kaci s si s xli . a m a sTa n , a sre -e bi s ko pozi s s is xli .

28. amas quemoTs, mesames Tavadis sisxli - samas oTxmocdaoTxi Tumani.amasTan, asre - arqimandritis sisxli.

29. gadidebulis a znauris sis xli - as oTxmocdaTormeti Tumani. a masTanasre - winamZRvris si sxli.

30. amas quemoTis, Suas aznauris sisxli - oTxmocdaTequsmeti Tumani. amasTan,asre - mRdel-monoznis sisxli. amasTanve, amis mexuTed sisxl-daklebiT, _ mwirismonoznisa. am Suas aznauris mTelis sisxlis toladve - didebulis didvaWrismoqalaqis sisxli.


31. calmogvis, mesames aznauris sisxli - ormocdarva Tumani, amasTan, asre -mRvdlis sisxli. amasTan - didebulis vaWris quemoTis, meores vaWris sisxli.

32. amasTan, asre daklebiT, msaxuris sisxli - ocdaoTxi Tumani. amasTan -mTavardiakvnis sisxli. amasTan - Suas vaWris quemoT, mesames vaWris sisxli.

64. magram kaci rom cols stanjDdes da upatiurad epyrobodes, da uri-gos uSurebode s , mef em i s k aci daa b as , datuqsos , a vad m ie p yra s da kaTa-likozmac asre uyos.

sxva amas garda Tu ram col-qrmobaSi urigo ram moHdes, is kaTalikozman icis.65. Tu colman qmari moklas anu wamliT anu, sxva riTme, gasinjeT, risTvis

mouklavs. Tu aseTi ram eqnas, rom emarTlebodes, Tqven iciT; da Tu ubralomokla, egec Tqven iciT. R~Tn nu qnas, da Tu Cvens JamSi moHda, Cven viciT.

Tu colman qmars an sces, an daWras, didi gvema da tanjva uyos kaTalikozman.66. coli da qmari ragind sZulden erTmaneTsa, ubralod gayra ar iqnebis,

kaTalikozma wurTniT unda Searigos.

79. agreve moHdeba, ded-mamaSi sxvac ram umarTebulo moHdes. Tu gamoCndes, kaTa-likozma da mefem gardaaHdevinos; Tu ar gamoCndes, moZRvarma icis misi sakanono.

106. sasaflao, xati, jvari, saydris mamuli erTia. Tu ar gahyofen, isi sjobs,saydris ymasa.

[ebiskopozis beiTalmalisa asre iqnas] 175. ebiskopozis beiTalmali CvensmixdomaSi srulobiT saydrisa unda iyos, magrame viTac saqarTvelo Raribi dausaqonlo queyana aris, agre rigad arc Helmwifis Semosavali aris, verc arasebis kopozis Zma da saxlis kaci e biskopozisagan iSoebs rasme m isgan, romeebiskopozis damarxva SeiZlos, amitom uwinac ase yofila garigebuli da aRarcCven movSaleT.

asre iqnebodes. romelic saydris rigi da iaraRi ebizkopozs iq daxudomia,imas gardais kidev Tu TviTon Tavis JamSi an Tavis kondakiT da an saydrismamulidam saydrisaTvis gaukeTebia ram da Seuwiravs, is saydars ar moeSlebis.

da imaT gareTad Tu ram darCebis TeTri, farCa, vercxli, puri, Rvino dapirutyui, imisgan erTi wili saHelmwifo aris, erTi wili saydrisa, erTi wiliebiskopozis Zmebisa, rom ebiskopozi damarxon.

[bolosityvaoba]. q. TviT, TaviT TvisiT aRmometyueli wignisa amis samsaju-losa da momRebeli winaSe yovelTa myofTa da yofadTa, Ze mefeTa da ganmgebeliqarTvelTa erTa, batoniSvili vaxtang, kualad vityvi Tquenda.

eha, warCinebulno da R~Tisa erTuflebisa da samTviTebis gulmHurvlad ma-didebelno da Seuorgulebulno sakuTarno mamano, kaTalikozno, ebiskopozno,


599 qarTuli samarTlis Zegllebi, t. I, 1963, gv . 477-539.

mitrapolitno, winamZRvarno, mRdelno da sxvano samRrToganno, da SemdgomadCvenda mefeno, ufliswulno, didebulno, Tavadno, aznaurno da yovelno myofnoqarTlisano, romelni hgiebT da kvalad sxvani egebodeT, da ixilevdeT naRvawTada werebulTa wignTa amaT sasamarTloTa, Cven mier TqmulTa da Tqvenda momarTmoRebulsa, pirvelve dasawyisman wignisa amisamanve gamcnosT da munve mogiTxrasT,Tu viTar mizez veqmeniT aRwerad TviToeulad samarTalTa.

friadiTa SromiTa da mravlisa gamomeZieblobiTa TviT vigulismodgineT.romelsa zedan mowmoba darTes erTa CvenTa srulobiT sa mRrToTa da ginasamHedroTaman, brZenman da monaxulman, yovelmanve erTbamad. da ese esreT arsSemzadebuli.

xolo sxvanic zemore xsenebulni wignebi sasamarTloni didTa samefoTani, mov-iZieT da moviReviT, da mravlis sasjeliTa vidre welTa meoredmde gardmovTargm-neT. da iginica uklebelad aRgviweries da ars Semkobili yovlisa samarTliTa.

aramed, vinaTgan qarTvelTa wesni da qcevani sxva rame ars da ara mihgavssxvaTa queyanisa rigTa da qceulebaTa, sxva ars didebuli da Tavadi, sxva arssisxli da sikudili, sxva ars Ralati da ukadrisi, amad eseviTarisa samarTalnisxvaTa ganaCenTa Sina moklebiT ipoebis da maTi wigni ufros Cvenda uHmar ars.

nu siqadulad SemiracxavT, da vgonebT umjobesad yovelTasa wignsa amas, sasarge-blod queyanisa amisad. amad nuravin sZulobs da iundovebs.

aw viajebi yoelTa da isminon ese. romelman brZenman da gulisHmismyovelmanmsajulman da mosamarTleman aRmokveTisaTvin qrTamTa da miudgomlobisTvin moyuas-Ta da Tvaluxvavad sjaTa wvrTilebisaTvin imZulvaroT wigni ese da moiZagoT, daineboT Secvla samarTalTa sxvebr raTme, amas nu hyofT, nuca garyvniT werilTaCvenTa, romeli aRgveweros. aramed romelman umjobesi sibrZniT TvisiT hpoos,igi CarTviT, Tvisve Tqmulad, sad enebos, mun daweros da igic egos.

xolo romelman ara isminos vedreba ese da moSalos samarTlebi Cveni, sxvebrSecvalnes, codvaTa CvenTa mier igimca daisjebis.

222. q. vinc kacma queyanas da qristes rjuls uorgulos, kidec xedevdes, imiTrjuli waHdebodes, imas miyues, _ R~Tisa da batonisa orisav mesisxle iqnebis dayoveli avi imaze marTebuli aris.59 9


1748 wlis 16 noembers mefe Teimu-

razis Z is ere kle I I - is brZ ane b iT

mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba. es kreba

warmoadgenda cdas, aRdgeniliyo Zveli

qarTuli saeklesio-saxelmwifoebrivi

wesrigi. saqme is iyo, rom 1632 wlidan

vidre 1744 wlamde sparsTa mier gauqme-

buli iyo qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis

erovnuli saxe, qarTl-kaxeTs marTavd-

nen mahmadiani mmarTvelebi. erovnul-

qristianuli saeklesio-samoqalaqo er-

Toba, romelsac ZvelqarTuli saxelm-

wifoebrioba efuZneboda, moispo. qarT-

lis mahmadiani mmarTvelebi `mSvidobi-

ani cxovrebis~ niRbiT faravdnen erov-

nul-qarTuli suliskveTebis daTrgun-

vasa da Cakvlas. `SeeriaT qarTvelTa

gancxroma, sma-Wama yizilbaSuri, siZ-

va, mruSoba, tyuvili, xorcTa gansvene-

ba, abano, keklucoba ugvani, meCange,

mgosani. rameTu ama saqmeTa moqmedTa-

gan kide aravis scemdnen pativsa~ yiz-

ilbaSnio, _ wers vaxuSti batoniSvili.

erovnuli tradiciebis Sinagani rRveva

_ represiebze ufro metad saSiS mov-

lenas warmoadgenda qarTvelebisaTvis.600

qarTveloba gadagvarda, eklesiam

dakarga Zveli saxelmwifoebrivi fun-

qciebi da xalxis zneobazec gavlenas

veRar axdenda. qveyana gairyvna, erovnu-

loba Seirya. qarTvelebma icodnen, rom

mironcxebuli (e .i. qristiani) mefis

taxtze asvla yvela am ubedurebas bo-

los mouRebda imiT, rom qarTuli sax-

elmwifo erovnul xasiaTs daibruneb-

da. SemuSavda sagangebo programa saqar-

Tbilisis III saeklesio kreba (16.XI.1748 w.)

Tvelos `gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisa~, yve-

laze mowinave Zalebi Cveni qveynisa

`gamoxsnis~ qveS gulisxmobdnen mahma-

dianuri saxelmwifoebis uRlisagan sa-

qarTvelos gaTavisuflebas da erovnul-

qristianuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRd-

genas, xolo ̀ aRdgomis~ qveS igulisxme-

boda didi saqarTvelos aRdgena `daru-

bandidan nikofsiamde~ (e.i. gamahmadi-

anebuli mesxeTis, saingilosa da afx-

azeTis _ dedasamSoblos wiaRSi dab-

runeba). marTlac, aswlovanma moRva-

weobam Tavisi Sedegi gamoiRo. 1744 wlis

1-el oqtombers akurTxes qarTlis qris-

tiani mefe Teimurazi sveticxovelSi.

esaa ubednieresi TariRi qarTuli erisa

da eklesiis aTaswlovan cxovrebaSi.

rogorc iTqva, mahmadianTa mmarTve-

lobisas yovelmxriv (sulierad da eko-

nomikurad) dauZlurda qarTuli ekle-

sia. saWiro iyo saqmis swrafi gamos-

woreba, risTvisac didad uRvawia Cvens

udides patriarqs anton I kaTalikoss.

Cans, igi ramdenime wlis manZilze amza-

debda saeklesio krebas. 1748 wels, qris-

tian mefeTa taxtis aRdgenidan sul male,

Sedga saeklesio kreba qalaq TbilisSi.

krebis mizani Cans gamocemul kanonebSi,

krebam aRniSna: `vinaidgan pirvel amaT-

sa warmarTni mefeni flobdes qarTvel-

Ta, ranTa, kaxTa da yovlobiTad ersa

RmrTisasa da qristes cxovarTa ara

avlendes wrfelad mwvanilovansa, aramed

aZovebdes ekalTa da kurosTavTa zeda

da amaT mizezTa mier naTlad sja da

sjulis xedva mifarul iyo da umecar-

600 l. menabde, qarTlis kaTalikosi evdemoz I, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1986, #1, gv. 101.


Ta werilisaTa ganryvnil iyo da daknineb-

ul kanuni da wesi eklesiisa~.601

e.i. aqamde `warmarTi~ (igulisxmeba

mahmadiani) mefeebi flobdnen qarTl-kax-

eTs, isini `qristes cxovarT~ (e.i. qris-

tianebs, qarTvelebs) mwvane saZovars ki

ar aZovebdnen, aramed nar-ekals, amis gamo

gairyvna kanoni da saeklesio wesi, gone-

bac dabnelebuli iyo (`naTlad sja~)

saRmrTo werilis arcodnis gamoo.

`maSin RmrTis msaxurman mefeman, yov-

lad sanatrelman patriarqman , wmidaTa

mitropolitTa, arqiepiskoposTa, arqi-

mandritTa da mRvdelTa sulisa mxur-

valebiTa moiRes pirvelad mtkice brZa-

neba wmidis saxarebisa da samociqulosa

kanunisa da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa

krebaTa da wamebiTa maTiTa aRavses naklu-

vaneba eklesiisa, daamtkices da daaweses

kanuni ese 27~.602

aRsaniSnavia, rom es kreba saqarTve-

los eklesias xazgasmiT uwodebs `samo-

ciqulo eklesias~. erekle mefemo, nabr-

Zanebia am ZeglSi, `Semokribna mwyemsni

sityvierTa kravTani mtkicesa Sina qalaqsa

tfilisisa, saRmrToTa samsjelmmarTebel-

sa palatsa Sina yovelTa Txemisa samo-

ciqulosa eklesiisaY~.

eklesiam aRniSna Tavisi marTlmadide-

bluri mimarTuleba imiT, rom aRiara

mxolod Svidi msoflio krebis avtori-

teti, kaTolikuri eklesia aRiarebs ara

Svid, aramed gacilebiT ufro meti kre-

bis avtoritets, radganac X-XVII ss-

Si, erTobis droindeli Svidi msoflio

krebis Semdeg kaTolikur samyaroSi

Catarda mravali gaerTianebuli kreba,

romelTac kaTolikeni `msoflio~ kre-

bad moixsenieben. 1748 wlis saeklesio

krebis mier, rogorc aRiniSna, mxolod

Svidi saeklesio krebis damowmeba qarTu-

li eklesiis wmida, marTlmadideblur

tradiciul mimarTulebaze miuTiTebda.

miuxedavad Sinagani marTlmadide-

bluri bunebisa, kreba qarTul eklesias

`samociqulos~ uwodebs. saqme isaa, rom

sityva `samociqulo~ Tavis TavSi Sei-

cavs Rrma saeklesio-iuridiul datvirT-

vas. Zvelad samociqulo eklesia Tavisi

iurisdiqciis qveS myofi teritoriis

mTel mkvidr mosaxleobas Tavis samwy-

sod ganixilavda, e.i. miaCnda, rom nebi-

smieri moqalaqe, mis samwysoSi Semava-

li, unda SeerTeboda im sarwmunoebriv

aRmsareblobas, romelsac mociqulis mier

naqadagebad Tvlida. saqarTvelos magal-

iTze es aseT saxes iRebda: saqarTvelo-

Si mociqulTa da mociqulTa swor wm.

ninos mier marTlmadidebluri sarwmu-

noeba miiRo mTelma mosaxleobam, anu

qarTvelma erma, SemdgomSi JamTa viTare-

bisa da mterTa Semosevebis gamo saqarTve-

los eklesiis am samwysoSi, anu qarTu-

li mosaxleobis erT nawilSi ucxo ek-

lesiebma gaavrceles ucxo sarwmunoe-

bani (magaliTad, monofizitoba, kaTo-

likoba, mahmadianoba), mosaxleobis am

ukv e aramarTlmadide blur nawilsac

qarTuli eklesia Tavis samwysod miiC-

nevda Tavisi samociquloobis gamo da

Tvlida, rom mas ufleba hqonda emuSava

qarTvel kaTolikeebTan, mahmadianebTan,

grigorianebTan, warmarTebTan, raTa isini

dabrunebodnen mociqulTa mier naqad-

ageb sarwmunoebas, Tavis dedaeklesias.

maSasadame, marTlmadideblobas. es ter-

mini (`samociqulo~) saeklesio-iuridi-

ul datvirTvas Seicavda da `samociqu-

lod~ wodebiT saqarTvelos eklesia mTel

mkvidr mosaxleobas, anu mTel ers sar-

601 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 798; 602 iqve, gv. 799.


wmunoebrivi orientaciis miuxedavad

Tavis kanonier samwysod Tvlida.

1748 wlis krebis kanonSi `patriar-

qi antoni~ Tavis Tavs ̀ sruliad saqarTve-

los msajulvels~ uwodebs.603 marTlac,

qarTlis kaTalikosi, rogorc wina saek-

lesio krebebis (magaliTad, `samarTali

kaTalikosTa~) ganxilvidan Cans, sruliad

saqarTvelos eklesiis upirvelesi sa-

suliero msajuli, kanonmdebeli iyo. xe-

lrTvebSic antoni Tavis Tavs aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos kuTxeebTan erTad ̀ sam-

cxe-saaTabagosa da yovlisa qvemo saqar-

Tvelosa~ patriarqs uwodebs.604 ucx-

our (berZnul) wyaroebSi afxazeTis, anu

dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos

`qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposo~ ewode-

ba, msgavsadve qarTul sabuTebSic dasav-

leT saqarTvelos `qvemo iveria~, anda

`qvemo saqarTvelo~ ewodeba, aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos ki ̀ zemo~. antoni Tavis

Tavs aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqar-

Tvelosa da rac yuradsaRebia, im dros

ukve gamahmadianebuli samcxe-saaTaba-

gos patriarqs uwodebs. mizezi amisa

iyo is, rom `samociqulo~ qarTuli ek-

lesiis meTauri Tavis samwysod Tvlida

gamahmadianebul qarTvelebsac da iRv-

woda maTi dedaeklesiis wiaRSi dab-

runebisaTvis.

krebis mier gamocemul kanonTa 1-

eli _ me-6 muxlebi exeba eklesiis mow-

yobasa da wirva-locvis momzadebis wes-

rigis dacvas. me-7 _ 16-e muxlebi Seex-

eba mRvdelTa garegnuli da zneobrivi

saxis dacvas. me-17 _ 19-e muxlebi mi-

TiTebaa episkoposebisadmi saeklesio wes-

rigis dacvis Sesaxeb, me-20 _ 24-e mux-

lebi exeba qorwinebis sakiTxebs, 25-e

muxli exeba naTlobis sakiTxs, 26-e

muxli Seexeba saeklesio mamulebis

saqmes, 27-e muxli Seexeba zvarakis (cx-

vris, pirutyvis) dakvlis akrZalvas ek-

lesiis SemogarenSi. saerTod, aRsaniS-

navia, rom es kanonebi SemuSavebulia

rusul eklesiaSi miRebuli Targis Se-

sabamisad. magaliTad, me-4 muxli krZa-

lavs trapezis `kedelsa zeda aRkvras~,

maSin roca ZvelqarTul patara zomis

eklesiebSi sakurTxevlis simciris gamo

mouxerxebeli iyo trapezis Sua adgil-

as (`saSualos zeda~) dafuZneba da pirda-

pir adgamdnen aRmosavleT kedels. rusul

eklesiaSi msgavsi praqtika ar arsebob-

da, amitomac krebam qarTul eklesiaSic

akrZala. 27-e muxliT aikrZala zvar-

akis dakvla eklesiis ezoSi, maSin roca

aRmosavleTis qristianul eklesiebSi

miRebuli iyo cxovelis dakvla, Sesa-

bamisi locvac ki arsebobda, saqme isaa,

rom es zvaraki miiCneoda ara RvTisadmi

Sesawirad, aramed eklesiisadmi da Rv-

Tisadmi pativiscemis gamosaxatavad da

Senawirad (iseve rogorc, vTqvaT, Senawi-

ri iyo fuli, sanTeli, naWeri da sxv.).

msoflio eklesiisa da am SemTxvevaSi

rusuli praqtikisaTvis ucxo iyo es uZ-

velesi eklesiis qristianuli gadmonaS-

Ti _ 1748 wels krebamac akrZala. amis

msgavsi sxva magaliTebic aris.

krebis mier gamocemul kanonebs,

romelTac TavianTi mniSvneloba dResac

ar daukargavs, xels aweren erekle mefe

kaxeTisa da `mmarTveli qarTlisa~, an-

ton kaTalikosi, amba alaverdeli episko-

posi, mcxeTeli (samTavroeli) episkopo-

si da goris mitropoliti, tfileli,

xornabujeli (qiziyeli), ninowmideli,

mroveli, nekres-gremeli, wilkneli,

kawareli, urbneli, xargisTvaleli,

603 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 798; 604 iqve, gv. 803.


samTavneli, Werem-qalaqeli episkopose-

bi, qvaTaxevis arqimandriti, kaxTa me-

fis karis winamZRvari, qarTlis mefis

karis winamZRvari, `didi eklesiis~ (al-

baT, sveticxovlis) ikonomosi, xeli

moaweres patriarqis moZRvarma da me-

fis xucesma, kaxTa mefis dekanozma, ala-

verdis eklesiis dekanozma.

saerTod, 1748 wlis kreba es iyo

samagaliTo, saCvenebeli, didi kreba,

romelic Rrma Seswavlas moiTxovs. es

kreba cdilobda ruis-urbnisisa da Zve-

li qarTuli krebebis kanonSemoqmedebi-

sa da sisavsis restavracia-aRdgenas,

amasTanave, cdilobda rusul eklesiaSi

danergili praqtikis gadmoRebasac.

Tedo Jordania am krebis Sesaxeb wers:

`kreba gaixsna anton kaTalikosis pal-

atebSi, damswreTa Soris iyo erekle II,

krebis dros magidaze esvena cxovelmy-

ofeli jvarpatiosani, wmida saxareba

da sjuliskanoni. krebis Sedegs mema-

tian e mokled, magram n aTlad gad-

mogvcems, rom `ganarCives da aRmofx-

vres yovelive uwesod qcevani da daudves

mociqulT da mRvdelmTavarT kanoni

sjuli mtkice da Seuryeveli qristiano-

bisa, romelsa mogiTxrobT wmida kanoni

maTi~... mematiane miuTiTebs agreTve epar-

qiaTa raodenobasa (15 yofila, 8 qarTlSi

da 7 kaxeTSi) da maTi sazRvrebis dad-

genaze, rogorc Cans, Znelbedobis Jams

daqvrivebuli eparqiebi ganaxlda da

krebis mere ar darCa arc erTi, Tavisi

episkoposi rom ar hyoloda. RvTismsax-

urebis gaumjobesebisa da sxvadasxva na-

klovanebaTa aRmofxvrisaTvis brZolaSi

saukeTeso saSualebad miiCnies stambis

gaxsna da saRvTismetyvelo wignebis beWd-

va. krebam didi Sroma gaswia im stambis

mosaZieblad, romelic vaxtang VI-m Camo-

atanin a vlaxeTidan (1709), magram ,

romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo-

dan ruseTSi aRmoCnda. gansakuTrebiT

gaisarja kaTalikosi, mas mefec daexma-

ra, stamb a gamarTes da dab eWdili

wignebiT àivso qarTlio~, wers mema-

tiane. aq daibeWda yvela saRvTismetyve-

lo wigni, garda Tvenisa da sadResaswau-

losa. am stambidan gamosul zogierT

wigns saeklesio wirva-locvebis dros

vxmarobdiT Cven XX s-is 70-80-ian wleb-

Sic. stamba arsebobda 1795 wlamde. vi-

dre sparseTis Sahma aRa-mahmad-xanma ar

daangria Tbilisis dapyrobis dros.

am krebis erTgvar gagrZelebas war-

moadgens meore kreba, romelic kaTali-

kosma moiwvia mcxeTaSi 1749 wlis de-

kemberSi, rogorc Cans, kreba moulod-

n e l ad C at ard a d a mo i w v i e s i s

mRvdelmTavrebi, vinc erekles meuRlis,

dedofal anas dakrZalvas eswrebodnen.

amjerad, Tavyrilobis mizezi iyo is qris-

tianuli wesCveulebani, ramac Tavi iCi-

na dedoflis datirebisa da dasaflave-

bis dros da Seavso pirveli krebis dad-

genilebani. mematiane mokled SeniSnavs:

ìqmn a wmida kreb a da aRmofxvres

qarTlisa qveyanisagan saqme yoveli uje-

ro, wmidaman patriarqman antonim gan-

marTna gandrekile ba da winaaRmdegi

sjulisa, tirili da ujero kerpuri

glova yovelive daayenes~. aRniSnul

krebaze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca

xalxis zne-Cveulebebis ganwmendas, garda

amisa, Zveli qarTuli saeklesio kanon-

ebis Tanaxmad kvlav daaweses didi ja-

rima imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc miRebul wes-

debas uaryofda~.605

605 T. Jordania, ànton I~, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 66.


`kanonni~ _ 1748 wlis saeklesio krebisa

[sruli teqsti]

[1] saTnoyofiTa RmrTisa yovelTa mbadisaTaQ iqvelgulsmodgina rtoman dav-iTisaman, RmrTiv-cxebulis Teimuraz mefis Zeman irakli pankrationman, kaxTamefeman, ganmgebelman qarTlisaman, xolo TDT vidreme RmrTiTa pinaqsul sjuleb-Ta marTl-meaRsareman aRaxuna gonebis cis naTlis bWeni da wadierebis RrubliTaSemokribna mwyemsni sityvierTa kravTani mtkicesa Sina qalaqsa tfilisisaQ, saRm-rToTa samsjelm-marTebelosa palatsa Sina, yovelTa Txemisa samociqulos ek-lesiisaTa, Tan-Tnebo-zraxva-jer-CinebiTa yovlad sanatrelsa, TDT misve sa-daviTos sqesiTisa mefis Zis antoni patriarqisaTa, sruliad saqarTvelos msa-julvelisaTaQ, romelTa saukunomca arian kurTxevani;

vinaQdgan pirvel amaTsa warmarTni mefeni flobdes qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTada yovlobiTad ersa RmrTisasa da qristes cxovarTa ara avlendes wrfeladmwvanvilovansa, aramed aZovebdes ekalTa da kurosTavTa zeda; da amaT mizezTa miernaTlad sja da sjuls-xedva mifarul iyo da umecrebiTa werilisaTa ganryuniliyo da dakninebul kanuni da wesi eklesiisaQ.

maSin RmrTis msaxurman mefeman, yovlad sanatrelman patriaqman, wmidaTamitropolitTa, arqiepiskoposTa, arqimanditTa da mRdelTa sulisa mxurvalebi-Ta, miiRes pirvelad mtkice brZanebaQ wmidisa saxarebisa da samociqulos ka-nunisaQ da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa krebaTa, da wamebiTa maTiTa aRavses naklu-levaneba eklesiisa, daamtkicnes da dawernes kanuni ese kz Tav-Taveoanad, Tvesanoenmbersa ig, dResa kviriakesa, qristes aqeT aTas SDdas ormocdarva:

[2]1. uflis qristes sZalsa, eklesiis Sina wmida trapezsa zeda, TDnier saxare-bisa, samkveTlosa, odikisa da juaris, nuravin xel-yofs Jamis-wirvad.

2. ityvis wmida ese RmrTiv kreba, raTa aqundes sakurTxevelsa kankels, samnikarni: saSual, imier da amier, romel ese friad jer-ars. da kulad simciris daiwroebisaTDs eklesiisa, orni oden qmnan karni. xolo erTisa karisa qmnas nuravinikadrebs, rameTu ujero ars da uSver saqme ese. xolo kankeli SeZlebisaebr, rom-lisaca risme qmnan nivTisaQ.

3. odes iqmnes JamTagan daZvelebuli da daglejili wmidaQ odiki, gina damw-vari cecxliTa saSual anu kerZo misi, gina gardaufareblad da SiSvlad iyoswmidaQ trapezi, amaT mizezTa mier wmidaQ msxverplis Sewirva dagviyenebia.


4. ama krebisa Semdgomad vamcnebT yovelTa marTlmorwmuneTa qristianeTa :uk ueTu vi nme in ebon gulsmodgin eb iT aRSen eba RmrTis a e klesi isa , jer-arsmaTda, raTa wmidaQ trapezi sakurTxevels saSuals zeda daafuZnon, raTa gareSemouvliden mRdelni, xolo kedelsa zeda aRkrva wmidis trapezisa ujero arsda nuravin ikadrebs.

5. vamcnebT episkoposTa sityvierTa cxovarTasa, raTa umecarni werilisanisadiakonni da samRdeloni, romelTa ara uwyoden wakiTxva keTilad wmidisa sax-arebisa, samociqulos ebistolisa, kurTxevnisa da kondakisa, ara miiRon maT zedakurTxeva da niWi sulisa wmidisa, romel-ese sruliad gangvigdies, rameTu viTaregebis umecarTagan msaxureba wmidisa trapezisaQ.

6. Jamsa wmidisa Jamis-wirvisasa, ukeTu oden ara aqvndes mRdelsa sanTeliaRsanTebelad da sakmeveli kmevad, nu ikadreben wirvad, aramed daecados.

[3] 7. ukeTu oden ipovnen mRdelni eklesiisani, saeriskacoTa mokliTa sa-mosliTa mosilni aRkvarTulad, ganiwvarTnen episkoposisagan, rameTu friad uS-vereba ars maTda da Rirs arian kicxevisa.

8. qalaqTa Sina, g ina sofelTa Sina, anu simravlesa Sina erisasa ukeTuoden ipovnen mRdelni samxedroTa saWurveliTa aRWurvilni, vamcnebT uSvere-baTa maTTa : anu dadvan saWurveli da maxDli maTi, da ukeTu kula ara isminon,gardaeyene n mRdelobisa gan.

9. vamcnebT monazonTa memxoloeTa : ukeTu, Tvinier nebisa da Sendobisa TDsismamis da winamZRvrisa, gamovides monastriT, yovladve nuravin Seiwynarebs mas,aramed ganaZon, viTarca urCi WeSmaritisa kanunisaQ da morCilebis damwixneli.

10. xuces-monazonsa, romelsa ara rwmunebul iyos winamZRroba sawinamZR-rosa eklesi[i]sa, jer-ars misa, raTa anu Tana-yvebodes episkopos[s]a, anu iyosmonastersa Sina ZmaTa Tana. xolo ukeTu ara, da iqceodes eriskacTa Tana ginamamulsa da saxlsa Sina iyofebodes, eseviTarisa mis qcva uweso ars da gangebul,da nuRara ikadrebs.

11. vamcnebT mRdelTa eklesiisaTa: ukeTu inebon moZRvrebad erisa anu aRsare-bis Sewynarebad sityvierTa samwysoTa, [jer-ars], raTa pirvelad miiRon brZanebada Sendoba Tavisis episkoposisagan, da ukeTu kula ara miiRon Sendoba da brZanebaepiskoposisa nu odes ikadreben moZRvrebad erisa, rameTu uweso aris.

12. ukeTu odesme mivides samRvdeloTagani sxvisa episkoposisa samrevlosaSina, TDnier Tana-jer-Cinebisa da Sendobisa mis episkoposisa, nu ikadrebs Jamis-wirvad, gina samRvdlosa saidumlosa aRsrulebad. xolo eseca jer-ars misa, raTaTDsisaca episkoposisa Sendobis wigni aqvndes; egreTve xuces-monazon[n]ica yofden amas.

13. amasca kanons vamcnebT mRdelTa: romelTa enebosT usisxlos msxverplisSewirva, raTa miiRon sakurTxevlad sefiskverni xuTni rCeulisa ifqlisani, da


ukeTu ar aqvndes. iSviaTad sadme samni miiRon, da amaTs kide nametnavsa da naklebsazeda nu ikadreben Jamis-wirvad.

14. xucesni da yovloba samarTlmadideblosa qristeanobisa viTarca uyofdespativsa wmidasa trapezsa. egreTve msgavsad pativscemdnen wmidasa embazsa.

15. ukeTu vieTnime mRdelni bralsa, gina risaTDsme mizezisa mRdelobisagandayenebul iyvnen, nurvin ikadrebs episkoposTagani micemad misa samRdelosa olarisa,rameTu arca erTi romelime saidumlo ara aResrulebis mis mier, aramed sruliaddayenebul ars.

16. romelsaca visme mRdelTagansa eklesia qristesi arwmunebdes, makurTx-evelisagan ara jer-ars misa, TDnier didisa Wirisa, raTa daaklos raime saeklesiowesis aRsruleba locvisa da wmida Jamis-wirvisaQ.

17. ukeTu kula sadme gamoCndes samre[v]losa episkoposisagan kerpTa miermopovnebuli saqme grZnebaQ, meqereoba, gina beWis-mxedveloba, anu Tayvanis-cemaxisa, gina sxvis nivTisa, miumcnebT episkoposTa, raTa TviToeulman TDssa samwy-sosa Sina sruliad aRmoagdon da ganmarglon saqme ese.

18. qristes sZlisa da dedoflis eklesiasa Sina ara wes ars kanun noagobaTa datablaTa miReba, gina Sinagan damarxva xilisa, da noagobaTa nivTisa, da Wama masSina, rameTu saxli aris salocveli RmrTisaQ.

19. episkoposi da ufrosad mRdelni ganekrZalnen, raTa wmidasa Sina kDriakesa,anu sauflosa dResaswaulsa ara daaklden erni misni locvisa da wmidisa Jamisawirvisa mosmenad, rameTu yovlad Tanamdeb arian mislvad.

20. vamcnebT episkoposTa, mRdelTa da eklesi[i]s mourneTa, raTa ganekrZalnen[S]julTa RmrTisa da ara Serion naTesaoba uwesoTa qorwinebiTa, aramed esreTyofden: iyavn dasabam pirvel mama da misgan raQ gamoekveTnen oTxni erT kerZo dakulad oTxni erTkerZo, xolo es iqms Tvinier dasabamisa mis, ricxvsa rvasa dasrul iqmnes orsave kerZosa ricxvi rva, _ mexuTe erT kerZosa da mexuTe meorisakerZosa _ ese mexuTeni SeiuRvlian urTierTas. da ama mexuTeTa naklebs aravisganuCinebT qmnad qorwinebisa.

21. ganvakrZalebT zogad yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa qristeaneTa, raTa aravinmiiyvanos colad, uwesoTa qorwinebiTa, dedakaci gantevebuli qmrisagan, rameTucxadad mruSebisa bralsa Sina STaeflDs, viTarca mogDRebies wmidisagan saxarebisaqristes naTqvami saRmTo brZaneba, viTarmed: “romelman gantevebuli SeirTos,manca imruSao”; da amas Tana ewamebian samociqulonica kanuni da erTxmobiTwmidani SDdni msoflioni krebani da ufrosRa didi basili.

amisTDs Cvenca erTxmobiT Tana-miuxmaebT da davamtkicebT Tqmulsa maTsa,raTa romelTaca esxnen usjulod Seyofilni, qmrisagan gantevebulni, memruSenidedakacni, myis daixsnas da dairRDos uweso da usjulo qorwineba maTi, da am-


ieridgan aravis Hel-ewifos qmnad eseviTarisa cTomilis bWobisa, xolo esevi-Tarni memruSeTa Tana gardaisebian (sic) kanunsa da uZDressaca, rameTu cxad arsbrali codvisa maTisa.

22. xolo ukeTu enebos visme qorwineba wignis mkiTxvelsa mgalobelsa [da]aRslva xarisxsa mRdelobisasa, pirvel kerZo diakonad kurTxevisa miiyvanos co-lad qalwuli, viTar aTormetisa wlisa, gina aTsametisa da qorwinebis ziarebiTaakurTxos mRdelman SeerTxorcva maTi, da Semdgomad SeerTebisa aRvides xarisxsakerZo diaknobisasa, da merme mRdelobisasa.

xolo ukeTu ara yon esreT, aramed iqorwinon qalisa Tana uasakosa, ginaCvilisa, da xelTdasxmul iqmnen diakvnad da xucad da maSinRa gaxrwnan colnimaTni, romel-ese sruliad ugulisxmoebisa saqme ars da gansagdebel da dayenebulCven yovelTa mier.

23. meoTxes da mexuTes, gina uwesosa mraval qorwinebas sruliad aRfxuris daganaZebs eklesi[i]T msoflio ese RmrTiv kreba.

24. eseca dayenebul ars Cven yovelTa mier, raTa amieridgan arRara eqorwinosmarTlmadidebeli kaci mwvalebelsa, gina sxva sarwmunoebiansa dedakacsa, ginamarTlmadidebeli dedakaci mwvalebels mamakacs, rameTu ara jer-ars erTisa baksaSina slva cxvrisa da mglisaQ.

25. nu odes nuca aRiqmen Svilsa mwvalebelTasa naTlisRebisa mier marTlma-didebelni, da nuca svinad daiyeneben mwvalebelsa marTlmorwmuneni.

ukeTu kula ara Tavs idvan esreT, wmidisa ziarebisgan ganiyenebian, ara naTladslvisa Semwynarebelni igi.

26. amasca vikadrebT RmrTismsaxurebisa TqvenisaTDs, keTilmorwmuneno mefeno:raTa saepiskoposni eklesiaTa agarakni da dabani, anu sa[a]rqimandritoTa dawinamZRvarTa monasterTani eriskacTa ar Hel-ewifebodes damZlavrebad, mamuladTDsad mitaceba da damkDdreba. amas wmindaQ ese kreba rjul-gidebT, gevedrebiT dagamcnebT eseviTarisa ganyenebisa erisagan.

27. sruliad ganCinebiTa ganagdebs saRmrTo kreba amas, raTa amieriTgan aravinikadros Seyvaneba zvarakisa, gina cxvrisa, anu sxvisa pirutyvisa karisbWesa Sinaeklesiisasa da daklva mas Sina, gina sisxlis cxeba karTa da zRurblTa eklesii-saTa, rameTu kerpmsaxurTa ars saqme ese da ara wes-ars qristeaneTaQ.

ukeTu kula vinme gamoCndes eseviTarisa cdomilisa saqmisa moqmedi, vamcnebTepiskoposTa, raTa ganaZon eklesiiT, viTarca Seuracxis-myofeli qristes SjulisaQ.

[xelrTvebi] 1. erakle, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa, RmrTis msaxurman mefeman kax-Taman da mmarTvelman qarTlisaman, Zeman mefis Teimurazisaman warvwe[ren].

2. antoni, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa, uRirsman kaTalikozman didisa sameu-fosa qalaqi s mcx eTi s, qarTli s, kax eTis, sa mcx e-s a[a ]Ta bagos a da yovlis


606 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 805.

q ve mo sa qarTv elosa da aRmosa vleTi sa s a patri arqos am an ga nv s azRuren dawarvsweren. antoni.

3. nikoloz uRirsman amba alaverdelman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. nikoloz.4. arseni, uRirsman mTavarepiskoposman samTavrosa da goris samitrapolito-

saman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. arseni.5. aTanasi, uRirsman episkoposman axlis sameufosa qalaqisa tfilisisa sami-

trapolitosaman ganvsazRuren da wavsweren. aTanasi.6. onofri, uRirsman episkoposman xornabujis da sruliad qiziyis samitra-

politosaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. onofri.7. saba, uRirsman episkoposman ninowmidisaman ganvsazRvren da warvsweren. saba.8. ioseb, uRirsman episkoposman ruisisa da sruliad qarTlisaman ganvsazRuren

da warvsweren. ioseb.9. ioane, uRirsman episkoposman nekres-qalaqisa da qalaqis gremisaman da

arqimandritman garejis didis lavrisaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. ioane.10. qristefore, uRirsman episkopozman wilknisaman warvsweren. qristefore.11. ioane, uRirsman episkopozman kawarisaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. ioane.12. filipe, uRirsman episkoposman urbnisisaman warvsweren. filipe.13. zosime, uRirsman episkoposman xargiTvalisaman da moZRvarT-moZRvarman warvsweren.14. benediqte, uRirsman episkoposman samTavisisaman warvswren. benediqte.15. daniel, uRirsman episkoposman Werem-qalaqisaman warvsweren. daniel.16. ioane, uRirsman arqimandritman upirvelesisa monastrisa qvabTa-xevisa

vlaqernisa RmrTismSoblisaman warvsweren.17. ambakom, uRirsmman winamZRvarman kaxTa mefis karisaman warvsweren.18. ioseb, uRirsman winamZRvarman qarTvelTa mefisa karisaman warvsweren.19. ioane, uRirsman didis eklesiis ikonomosman warvsweren.20. zaqaria, uRirsman xucesman mefeTa da patriarqis moZRvarman warvsweren.21. gabriel, uRirsman kaxTa mefisa dekanozman, mefeTa moZRvarman warvswere.22. abram, uRirsman dekanozman alaverdisa eklesiisaman warvswere. 60 6


imereTis mefe 1752-1784 wlebSi so-

lomon I, `didis~ saxeliT moixsenieba

STamomavalTa mier, man ganamtkica same-

fo xelisufleba, TiTqmis gaaerTiana

dasavleTi saqarTvelo, mospo tyveebiT

vaWroba. 1760-63 wlebSi samjer daama-

rcxa osmalebi, 1779 wels ruxis omSi

sZlia osmalebs, magram 1784 wels qvemo

guriaSi damarcxda, ramac es mxare

gaamahmadiana, asi wlis Semdeg ruseTis

imperiasTan SemoerTebul am kuTxeSi

aWareli begebi mmarTvelobdnen.

qarTuli eklesia gansakuTrebiT uWer-

da mxars qveynisa da erisaTvis Tavdade-

buli mefis moRvaweobas, mefec grZnob-

da eklesiis Zalas, amitomac xelsayre-

li drois dadgomisTanave solomon I-ma,

1759 wels, moiwvia didi da gansakuTre-

buli saeklesio kreba. krebam saeklesio

da zneobriv reformebs daudo safuZve-

li dasavleT saqarTveloSi. qristianobasa

da qveyanas gansakuTrebiT asustebda tyve-

Ta syidva da saepiskoposo kaTedraTa

gauqmeba. Turqebs quTaisSi 120-wliani

batonobis dros daungreviaT saepisko-

poso (bagratis) taZari da gauuqmebiaT

quTaTelis saepiskoposo kaTedra. ami-

tomac, 1759 wlis saeklesio krebis 4 de-

kembris sxdomaze solomon mefes aRuni-

Snavs, rom quTaisis eklesia ̀ xelT egdo

mZvinvares agarians da mizeziTa amiT

saquTaTlo mamuli da samrevlo mimob-

neuliyo, da romelime daSTomiliyo,

saerod gamxdariyo da quTaTeli aRar

ijda~. mefis am moxsenebis Sesabamisad,

imereTis saeklesio kreba (1759)

krebam ineba aRdgeniliyo saquTaTelo

kaTedra, anu quTaisis eparqia da aRd-

genil kaTedraze ganaCines quTaTeli

episkoposi. quTaisis eparqias gadaeca misi

yofili Zveli mamuli, romelsac igi adre

flobda da eriskacebs hqondaT mitace-

buli. cxadia, saepiskoposos aRdgena

ekonomikuri safuZvlebis gareSe _ for-

maloba iqneboda. mefes da qveyanas es-

aWiroeboda moqmedi da Zlieri eklesia.

rogorc S. burjanaZe aRniSnavs, ek-

lesia, tradiciulad, mefis xelisuflebis

ganmtkicebas uwyobda xels, saxelmwi-

fos aZlevda mebrZolebs.607 krebam saqmee-

bis mowesrigebisaTvis ineba da:

1. eriskacTagan mitacebuli yma-mam-

ulebi daumtkica eklesias;

2. saeklesio ymebi gaaTavisufla zed-

meti gadasaxadebisagan da daakanona saek-

lesio gadasaxadebi;

3. eriskacebs aukrZala eklesiis

sameurneo saqmianobaSi Careva;

4. saeklesio Tanamdebobebze miiwvia

Rirseuli pirebi, uRirsni ki gadaayena;

5. Seamko da aago eklesia-monastrebi.608

aRsaniSnavia, rom maleve amis Sem-

deg mefe solomons unebebia saerTod

gaeTavisuflebina eklesia saxelmwifo

gadasaxadebisagan, kerZod, mefes 1761

wels mouwvevia morigi saeklesio kre-

ba, romelsac daudgenia saeklesio yme-

bis yovelgvari samefo gadasaxadebisa-

gan gaTavisufleba, agreTve saxelmwifo

samsaxurisagan gaTavisufleba, garda

laSqroba-nadirobisa.609

607 S. burjanaZe, solomon I-is mefobis pirveli periodi, Tsu Sromebi, t. 41, 1950, gv. 71; 608 m.rexviaSvili, imereTi XVIII saukuneSi, 1982, gv, 65; 609 s. kakabaZe, saeklesio reformebisaTvissolomon I-is dros, 1914, gv. 5.


rogorc aRiniSna, 1759 wlis kreba

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisa iyo, mas

quTaTelis garda, xonis saepiskoposo

kaTedrac aRudgenia, 6 10 magram krebam

saxeli gaiTqva tyveTa syidvis gada-

WriTi akrZalviT.

solomon mefes mouxerxebia da saek-

lesio krebaze Semoukrebia samegrelosa

da guriis mTavrebi (dadiani da gurie-

li), TavianTi batoniSvilebiTa da Tava-

daznaurobiT, aq iyvnen imereTis batoniS-

vilebi da Tavadaznauroba da, cxadia,

mefe, kaTalikosi, mTeli dasavleT

saqarTvelos maRali samRvdeloeba. kre-

ba mTel Tves (dekemberSi) gagrZelebu-

la. saeklesio krebis meore sxdoma 5

dekembers Catarebula saero xelisufleb-

is monawileobiT. q. CxataraiSvils es

saeklesio kreba imavdroulad Catare-

bul saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomad mi-

aCnia. am sxdomaze imereTis, samegre-

losa da guriis saero da sasuliero

gamgeblebma imereTis mefis morCilebisa

da `tyveTa syidvis~ akrZalvis piroba

dades.608 saeklesio krebam tyvis gamyid-

velni SeaCvena, saero xelisufleba ki

maT sikvdiliT dasjiT daemuqra. krebis

dadgenilebaSi naTqvami iyo: àxalcixis

faSam aseTi saSineli da sazareli si-

tyva SemogviTvala... tyves Tu ar gayid-

iT, ar iqnebao... RvTis SuamdgomlobiT,

rom sanamdis suli gvedgas, es saqme

Cvengan ar iqnes... am saqmeze Cveni Tavi

ar daviSuroT~.611

`1759 wlis krebis dadgenilebebma

dasabami misca axal periods dasavleT

saqarTvelos politikursa da social-

ur-ekonomikur cxovrebaSi.612 eklesias

krebis Semdeg aRudgenia saxelmwifoze

mZlavri zemoqmedebis funqcia.612 krebam

sagangebo dadgenilebiT daadastura ̀ afx-

az-imerTa~ kaTalikosis uflebebi mis

kuTvnil 42 mamulze.613

n. berZeniSvili am krebasTan dakav-

SirebiT wers: `XVIII s-is meore naxe-

varSi axalcixis faSam araerTgzis Se-

mouTvala imereTis mefe solomons, raTa

tyvis syidva imereTSi Zveleburad neba-

darTuli yofiliyo. solomonma es moTx-

ovna ar Seasrula da tyvis syidva saero

da saeklesio sasjeliT sastikad akrZa-

la... 1759 wlis dekemberSi solomonma

Semokriba `samRvdeloni dasni da mar-

Tlmadidebelni erni~ da lixT-imereTis

saeklesio da saero feodalebis sagangebo

kreba moiwvia. masSi monawileobda mefe,

kaTalikosi da mTeli lixT-imereTis

maRali samRvdeloeba, imereTis, odiSis,

guriis Tavadaznauroba. krebam ganixila

saeklesio saqmeTa mowesrigebis sakiTxi,

akrZala tyvis syidva, krebam miiRo gada-

wyvetileba sakaTalikoso eklesiisaTvis

mitacebuli yma-mamulebis dabrunebisa,

gauqmebuli saepiskoposo kaTedrebis da

monastrebis aRdgena-ganaxlebis, maTi yma-

mamulebis ukan dabrunebisa, gadasaxa-

debisagan saeklesio ymebis ganTavisu-

flebisa da saeklesio mflobelobaSi

saero xelisuflebis Caurevlobisa~.614

610 s. kakabaZe, saeklesio reformebisaTvis solomon I-is dros, 1914 , gv. 7; 611 Frns^ Cj,hfyystRfdrfpcrjq fh[tjkjubxtcrjq rjvbccbtq^ 1866^ n& I^ c& 56$ 612 saqarTvelos istoriis n arkveve bi, t. IV,gv. 641; 613 s. kakabaZe, dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi, II, gv . 11-12; 614 n. berZeniSvili,saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, t. VI, gv. 412.


`xeliTwerili~ _ imereTis saeklesio krebisa

(1759 w. 30.XII)

[nawili aRdgenili teqstisa]

“q. ese mtkice, Seucvalebeli da dReTa cxovrebisa CvenisaTa aRsrulebisxeliT werili, msajulisa mis mxsnelisa Cvenisa iesos qristes win misatani wignida piroba mogarTviT TavaT dausabamos samebiT didebuls RmerTs, cxovels myo-fels Zels, xsnisa Cvenisa Suamdgomels maradis qalwuls mariams, winamorbeds,naTlis mcemels iovanes, angelozTa da mTavarangelozTa, winaswarmetyvelTa damociqulTa, mRudelT moZRvarTa da mowameTa, mamaTa da mamamTavarTa, RirsTa daqalwulTa da yovelTa RuTisa saTno yofilTa, zecisaTa da qveyanisaTa SvidTakrebaTa, oTxTa patriarxTa SuamdgomlobiTa da Cvens mwyems mTavris, yovladsanatrelis ufalis kaTalikozis besarionis damtkicebiT, Wyondidel mitro-politis gabrielis, genaTelis iosebis, Semoqmedelis nikolozis... cagarelisgrigolis, mTavarepiskopozis iosebis, nikorwmindelis germanes, mitropolitisdaskalis (didaskalioQ) danielis, xinowmidelis maqsimes, mitropolitis bedi-elis maqsimes da yovelTa imerTa, odiSarTa, gurielTa, samRvdelo, samonaznomwyobrTa RmerTsa da yovelTa saRmTo dasTa SvilobiT mogarTvi Sen, mefe so-lomon, me dadianma kaciam, me gurielma mamiam, batoniSvilma giorgim, batoniS-vilma Teimuraz, erisTavma rostom, dadianis Ze manuCar, nikoloz, giorgim,gurielis Zem giorgim, wulukiZem, erTobiT wereTelman, erTobiT miqelaZem, er-TobiT abaSiZem, erTobiT niJaraZem, agiasSvilman, iasSvilman, lorTqifaniZem ,mxeiZem, RoRoberiZem, maWavarianman, mesxman, avalian, ioselianman da giorgiCiquanman, erTobiT imerman didman da mcireman, odiSarT, leCxumT, CiCuam, faRa-vam, axledian, asaTian, afaqiZe, mxeiZem da Ciquanman, dgebuaZe, CijavaZe, jaian,qoCaqiZe, miqaZe, joliam, Selia, qarTvelisSvil, sajaiam da erTobiT odiSarmandidman da mcireman, gurielT, erisTav, maWutaZe, nakaSiZem da malvaSvilebma,erTobiT Jordania, gegenava da erTobiT naseliSvilma, gurielman didman da mcir-eman, ese im soflis msajulisa winaSe misatani da am sofels yovelTa marTlma-didebelT saxilveli wigni mogarTviT: ase, rom axalcixis faSam aseTi saSineli dasazarveli sityva SemogviTvala, rom adamis tomsa arc pirvel smenia da arcSemdgomad ismineba, amisTana saSineli sasmenelad sazaro sityva : “tyves Tu argayidiT ar iqnebao”. axla amaze ase erTpirobiT dagvimtkicebia RvTis Suamdgom-lobiT, rom sanamdis suli gvedgas ar iqnes, arc amaSid erTmaneTs usustoT,


615 qronikebi Sekrebili T. Jordanias mier, III, 1967, gv. 262-264 , krebis gan Cineba aRdgeniliaCve ns mier.

vidrec erTmaneTs miudgeT kidec mefe solomonis morCili da brZanebis aRmas-rulebeli viqneTY da gulis wmidiT erTmaneTs moudgeT amaze da aras Sewuxebisa dagaWirvebisaTvis Cven erTmaneTs ar umtyunoT, da am saqmezed Cveni Tavi ar davi-SuroT da am saqmeSid Cven xelmwifes mefe solomons ar usustoT da arc amisTanasaSineli codva Cvengan iqnes ase piroba da sityva mogvirTmevia RvTisa da kaci-saTvis. aw vinc da ramac Zeman kacisaman es SeSalos didman an mcireman, isemcSeiZlebis sjulisagan usjulosa mecnierebisagan, masmca risxavs Tavad dausabamoRmerTi da yovelni amaT zemo werilni wmidani zecisani da qveyanisani xorcielnida uxorconi masca edebis keTri gezisa, SiSTvili iudasi, Zrwola kaenisa, mextex-iloba deoskoresi da maT zemowerilTa madlTagan SeCvenebuli viyoT Tu es SevSaloTda amaSid SeZlebisaebr ar mivudgeT SeCvenilni viyoT, suliT da xorciT aw daukunisamde SvidTa krebaTagan da yovelTa eklesiaTagan, xolo damamtkicebeliamisi kurTxeul iyos suliT da xorciT aw da ukunisamde amin. me arqimandritssilibistros damiweria yovelTa mowmobiT da erTxmobiT brZanebuli ese qristesaqeT CRnT qristes Sobis Tves l dResa e : aw amis damtkicebis muSaki kaTalikozibesarion da misi krebuli erTobiT amas vamtkicebT, rom ramanc xelmwifem andedofalman an Tavadman an aznaurman didman an mcireman am sarwmunoebazed vincmokdes an am sarwmunoebis mimdegi da mefis erTgulebiT Tavisi dRiT mokdes maSincda usamarTloT mis Svili da momavali gaRaribos da wasaxdenaT moindomosusamarTloT amaTSi werilTagan SeCvenebuli iyos suliT da xorciT amin. awramanc Zeman kacisaman amaT Sina werili moSalos da mefes usustos an am xeliTwerils gardaxdes da usjuloeba qmnas da erTmaneTs ar miudges, vinc imas miudgesam momxmareT da SemweT eqmnes an Seiwynaros, an uwiros da _ lels an mokvdes damiwa aRirsos, SeCvenebul iyos suliT da xorciT ganuxrwnelad am sofels mow-yvediT da im sofels iudasTan krulebiT, vinc es aR(as)rulos da daamtkicossaukunomca arc xseneba misi suliT da xorciT aw da ukunisamde amin, mamSleliwyeul, damamtkicebeli kurTxeul amin”.61 5

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