EPICANTHUS-TELECANTHUS-HYPERTELORISM

Telecanthus is often associated with many congenital disorders such as Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, Cri du Chat syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

THE BONEY ORBIT AND EYE ALIGNMENT

ORBITAL ANATOMY

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTION

Medial rectus -adductionLateral rectus -abductionSuperior rectus-elevation, adduction, & intortionInferior rectus-depression, adduction, & extortionSuperior oblique –depression, abduction, & intortionInferior oblique-elevation, abduction, & extortion

SIN IS RADICAL: MNEUMONICS CAN BE FUN

• The vertical recti and the oblique muscles are also called cyclo-vertical muscles.• Both superior cyclovertical muscles are intorters and inferior cyclovertical muscles are

extorters

• SIN= superior muscles are intorters• vertical actions are opposite; the superior oblique is a depressor and the inferior oblique is

an elevator.

• RAD=Recti are ADductors• The RAD mnemonic is useful to recollect that Recti are ADductors but • best efficient and tested in abducted position • it is vice-versa for the oblique muscles

MESIAL RECTUS

LATERAL RECTUS

SUPERIOR RECTUS

INFERIOR RECTUS

SUPERIOR OBLIQUE

INFERIOR OBLIQUE

RIGHT EYE MOVEMENTS

CONVERGENCE

CONVERGENCE AND ACCOMMODATION

• Convergence• Bilateral mesial rectus contraction

• Pupillary Constriction• Lens Accommodation

• Ciliary muscles contract to decrease tension on the zonules

MADDOX RED ROD