Be a Guardian. Protect | Comply |Respond

Eye and Face Protection

Eye and Face Protection is designed for

the U.S. Coast Guard Workforce.

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/eyeandface/index.html

Occupational Safety & Health Administration http://www.uscg.mil/safety/cg1133/default.asp

Division of Environmental Health & Industrial Hygiene

Last Updated 17 Dec 10

How do I complete this course? If you have not taken this course previously, do

the following: If you have taken this course previously, you

may take the following option:

2 Complete the sections in order as found in this Student Guide.

Participate in online activities as directed in this guide when you see this

icon:

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Pass the Completion Test with an 80% (Activity 7).

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1 1 Save or print this guide for use during Eye and Face Protection Mandated Training

and as a future reference tool.

Pass the Test-Out with 100% accuracy (see Getting Started in the online course).

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Table of Contents Module Page

Protect: Why Do I Need to Protect My Eyes and Face?

What Are the Consequences of Not Protecting? 4

What Are Some Common Hazards in My Workplace? 5

Module Conclusion 6

Comply: What PPE Should I Use?

What Is PPE? 8

How Do I Choose the Correct PPE for the Job/Hazard? 10

Module Conclusion 13

Comply: How Do I Use and Maintain My PPE?

What’s the Proper Way to Wear PPE? 15

How Do I Keep My PPE in Good Working Condition? 16

Module Conclusion 18

Respond: How Do I Respond to an Injury?

What Are the Symptoms of an Eye or Face Injury? 20

How Should I Respond to an Injury? 22

How Do I Use an Eye Wash Station? 25

Module Conclusion 27

Course Conclusion 28

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Module 1: Why Do I Need to Protect My Eyes and Face? Are you in danger of becoming a statistic?

• 30,500 eye and face injuries happen every month. • Thousands of people are blinded every year from work-related eye injuries. • Eye injuries alone cost more than $300 million per year in lost production time, medical

expenses, and worker compensation. • 90% of these kinds of injuries could have been prevented through the use of proper eye

protection. To keep you and your shipmates safe, you need to take eye and face protection seriously and be familiar with common hazards you are likely to face in your workplace, so you can properly Protect, Comply, and Respond! What to Expect in This Module In this section, we will cover:

• The consequences of not protecting your eyes and face, and • The common hazards you may face in your workplace

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Module 1, Section 1: What Are the Consequences of Not Protecting?

Why is it important to protect your eyes and face from injury? What could happen if you don’t? Read the scenario below to see how one situation that may not have seemed so dangerous at the time ended up having major consequences.

Remember: Eye and face injuries can lead to blindness, disfigurement, and other serious ailments. Check out the image below to see where damage can happen. Brain:

Brain trauma Spinal injury Paralysis Death

Face: Painful lacerations/bruising Chemical/thermal burns Broken bones Breathing difficulty from broken nose, etc. Disfigurement

Eyes: Vision impairment (partial or total) Eyeball damage/loss Severe irritation/pain Thermal, chemical, and flash burns Infection Long term damage (cataracts, retinal detachment, or glaucoma)

Other consequences: Emotional trauma of a severe injury Lost work time Expensive and/or painful medical treatments

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Module 1, Section 2: What Are Some Common Hazards in My Workplace? Eye and face hazards are all around. You should be aware of the different types of hazards and where they are likely to be found.

There are five types of hazards:

It’s important to know where you might find these hazards. Read the below chart for examples.

Hazard Type Examples Common Related Tasks

Flying objects such as large chips, fragments, particles, sand, and dirt

Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, woodworking, sawing, drilling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting, and sanding. Most POWER TOOLS.

Anything emitting extreme heat Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, and welding.

Splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists

Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating, and working with blood.

Harmful dust Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions.

Radiant energy, glare, and intense light

Welding, torch-cutting, brazing, soldering, and laser work.

The below activity will help you recognize hazards in your own workspace.

Go to the online presentation and complete Activity 1: CG Workspace

Hazards

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Module 1, Section 3: Conclusion

Taking eye and face protection seriously will help you make decisions that can protect you from blindness and disfigurement. Protecting yourself is easier if you are familiar with your workplace because you will be able to recognize specific hazards. In this section, you learned about the different types of hazards. In the next section, you will take this knowledge and use it to select proper protective equipment. If you have any questions about eye and face hazards, see your UNIT SAFETY COORDINATOR.

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Module 2: What PPE Should I Use? You now know that protecting your eyes and face is very important because not doing so can lead to lifelong impairments and even death. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is any equipment that reduces your exposure to hazards. In this course, we are considering PPE that protects your eyes and face. In this section, you will learn to choose PPE that will provide you protection from specific hazards. What to Expect in This Section In this section, you will be introduced to the following:

• What personal protective equipment (PPE) is, and • How to choose the right PPE for a job or hazard

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Module 2, Section 1: What Is PPE? Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is any equipment that reduces your exposure to hazards. Equipment that protects your eyes and face is considered in this course.

Eyeglasses do not offer the same level of protection as safety glasses. So, what are REAL safety glasses?

Go to the online presentation and complete Activity 2: What is PPE?

In the video, you learned how to identify ANSI safety glasses (also known as spectacles). Remember, eye and face PPE must have markings that include Z87 on them. If PPE does not have this, they are not real PPE and should not be worn. There may also be other markings in addition to Z87 on the lenses, such as + (for high impact PPE), a lens shade number (see Filter Lenses/Special Purpose Lenses below), S (for special purpose lenses), or V (for variable tint lenses).

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There are several types of PPE that are used to protect your eyes and face:

Safety Glasses/Spectacles • Often supplemented by a face shield for

additional protection Side protection (side shields added to glasses, wraparound glasses, etc.) should be included any time there are hazards from flying particles or objects.

Goggles • Completely shield the eyes from foreign matter • Stronger than safety glasses • Useful for higher impact protection, greater

particle protection, and chemical splashes • Two different types: Dust/Particle and Chemical

Splash. (see below)

Goggles that protect against dust and particles have direct venting (a mesh of small holes around the sides) tend to fog less, and should not be used with liquid or fine dust hazards. If you do work with hazards that have smaller particles such as chemicals, use Chemical Splash goggles.

Face Shields • Used for even higher impact protection, as well

as to protect the wearer’s entire face in addition to the eyes.

Face shields should always be used over safety glasses or goggles, rather than alone.

Filter Lenses/Special Purpose Lenses • Used in situations where there is glare and other

optical radiation • Includes welding goggles, hoods, and shields, as

well as laser safety glasses • Feature dark lenses that filter intense light • PPE used for welding are also built to withstand

the heat of stray sparks and other hot debris

Each lens has a shade number, a measurement of how much optical radiation it can filter.

Note: If you need to wear prescription lenses… Since eyeglasses and contact lenses do not properly protect you, you must wear PPE in addition to your prescription. If you use eyeglasses, you can use:

• Eye and face protection that fits comfortably over glasses, or • Safety goggles and spectacles that incorporate prescription lenses

If you wear contact lenses, be aware that dust and chemicals present additional hazards to you, such as irritating particles that get under the lenses or increased exposure time to hazards if you have difficulty removing lenses. If you do wear contacts while using PPE, be sure to have an extra pair of contacts or eyeglasses available in case of contact failure or loss.

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Module 2, Section 2: How Do I Choose the Correct PPE for the Job/Hazard? You now know what PPE is, and the different types that help to protect your eyes and face. In this section, you will learn how to choose the right PPE for the job/hazard.

This is an example of a shipmate not choosing the correct type of PPE for the hazard they were exposed to. Remember: Not using the right PPE for the job/hazard can put you in danger!

Review the following information to learn about the types of PPE that can best protect you from specific hazards.

The majority of impact injuries result from flying or falling objects, or sparks striking the eye. Most of these objects are smaller than a pin head and can cause serious injury such as punctures, abrasions, and contusions.

PPE for Impact Hazards

Spectacles Usually worn with side shields

Goggles

Especially important if debris is coming from multiple directions and is very small

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Safety spectacles with side shields or goggles must be worn. If the hazard is severe, consider wearing a face shield.

Face Shields Used when the entire face is exposed to impact hazards

Heat injuries may occur to your eyes and face if you are exposed to high temperatures, splashes of molten metal, or hot sparks. Burns to eye and face tissue are the main concern when working with heat hazards. When selecting PPE, consider the source and intensity of the heat and the type of splashes that may occur in the workplace. Heat hazards require a most solid form of eye protection that is specifically designed for that type of work.

PPE for Heat Hazards

Spectacles Are usually worn with

side shields when dealing with heat hazards

Goggles

Shields the eyes against liquid or chemical splash, irritating mists, vapors,

and fumes

Face Shields Protects the entire face

against exposure to chemical hazards

A large percentage of eye injuries are caused by direct contact with chemicals. These injuries often result from an inappropriate choice of PPE that allows a chemical substance to enter from around or under protective eye equipment.

PPE for Chemical Hazards

Goggles Protect your eyes from hazardous substances

Face Shields Required if you will be exposed to severe chemical hazards

Dust is present in the workplace during operations such as woodworking and buffing. Working in a dusty environment can cause eye injuries and presents additional hazards to contact lens wearers. Safety goggles are the only effective type of eye protection from nuisance dust because they create a protective seal around the eyes.

PPE for Dust Hazards

Goggles

Either eyecup (individual lenses for each eye) or cover-type safety (one lens piece that covers both eyes) goggles should be worn when dust is present.

Laser work and similar operations create intense concentrations of heat, ultraviolet, infrared, and reflected light radiation. A laser beam, of sufficient power, can produce intensities greater than those experienced when looking directly at the sun. Unprotected laser exposure may result in eye injuries including retinal burns, cataracts, and permanent blindness. When lasers produce invisible ultraviolet, or other radiation, both employees and visitors should use appropriate eye protection at all times. Select lenses that protect against the maximum intensity of the hazard.

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When selecting filter lenses, begin with a shade too dark to see the welding zone. Then try lighter shades until one allows a sufficient view of the welding zone without going below the minimum protective shade. For help in selecting the right PPE to wear when welding or working with lasers, contact your Unit Safety Coordinator.

Lens Requirements for Optical Radiation Hazards

OSHA’s shade number selection tables are available at: 29 CFR 1910.133(a)(5), General Industry: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9778&p_text_version=FALSE#1910.133(a)(5)

29 CFR 1915.153(a)(4), Maritime: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10269&p_text_version=FALSE#1915.153(a)(4)

29 CFR 1926.102(b)(1), Construction: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10665&p_text_version=FALSE#1926.102(b)(1)

Laser Safety Glasses:

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/eyeandface/ppe/laser_safety.html

You should note that OSHA requires that material safety data sheets (MSDS) list information about appropriate PPE for each substance. Always check the MSDS for any substance you are using and use that information to guide your PPE selection.

Remember: Use common sense! If you don’t feel safe using a certain level of eye and face protection, don’t hesitate to swap it out for more protective equipment or ask your Unit Safety Coordinator for assistance.

Go to the online presentation and complete Activity 3: Choose the Right

PPE.

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Module 2, Section 3: Conclusion

In this section, you learned how to choose the correct PPE for a job or hazard. Using adequate protection can keep you healthy and protect you from disfigurement and even blindness. If you have any questions on what type of PPE is necessary for the hazard to which you are exposed, please contact your Unit Safety Coordinator. If you have any questions about CHOOSING PPE, see your UNIT SAFETY COORDINATOR.

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Module 3: How Do I Use and Maintain My PPE? In the last module, you learned how to choose the PPE that will best protect you from each type of hazard you’re exposed to. However, even if you have the correct PPE for the job, if that PPE is improperly worn, dirty, or damaged, it might not protect you! In this module, you’ll learn how to ensure that your PPE is in the best shape possible to protect your eyes and face. What to Expect in This Section In this section, you will learn how to:

• Wear your PPE appropriately • Inspect your PPE and dispose of any defective PPE • Clean and store PPE properly

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Module 3, Section 1: What’s the Proper Way to Wear PPE?

When you wear PPE, be sure to wear it properly! PPE should fit well so it will remain in place and be comfortable enough that you won’t be tempted to remove it while you’re still exposed to a hazard. The scenario below illustrates the risk of not doing this:

Remember: Ill-fitting PPE can put you in danger! There are specific things to keep in mind when fitting your PPE:

Fitting your PPE: When selecting PPE, remember that consideration should be given to comfort and fit. Poorly fitting eye and face protection will not offer the necessary protection.

• Fitting of goggles and safety spectacles should be done by someone skilled in the procedure. • Prescription safety spectacles should be fitted only by qualified optical personnel. • Devices with adjustable features should be fitted on an individual basis to provide a

comfortable fit that maintains the device in the proper position. • Eye protection from dust and chemical splash should form a protective seal when fitted

properly. • Welding helmets and face shields must be properly fitted to ensure that they will not fall off

during work operations. Contact your Unit Safety Coordinator for assistance. Wearing your PPE: Goggles and spectacles should be donned like a regular pair of sunglasses. Adjust any straps or other features to make sure that your PPE will stay on the entire time but will be comfortable.

Make sure you wear your PPE the entire time you are exposed to a hazard. For example, don’t wear your goggles on top of your head or lift up your face shield when you’re still exposed. After you have been exposed to an eye or face hazard, ensure that no particles, substances, etc are attached to your PPE that might come into contact with your eyes and skin while doffing. After exiting from a dusty environment, tilt your head forward and brush off any debris before removing your eye protection.

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Module 3, Section 2: How Do I Keep My PPE in Good Working Condition?

PPE that is not in good working condition might not properly protect you.

This coastguardsman is taking an unnecessary risk! That defective face shield isn’t as strong as he believes and will not protect him anywhere near as well as undamaged PPE could. Remember: It is your responsibility to make sure that your PPE is in good working condition. You need to know how to care for, maintain, store, and dispose of your PPE. Read the below section for details of these procedures.

To make sure your PPE will protect you, store it properly, clean and inspect it regularly, and dispose of it as needed: Storing PPE: Spectacles, in particular, should be given the same care as one's own glasses, since the frame, nose pads, and temples can be damaged by rough usage.

PPE should be placed in a clean, dust-proof container, such as a box, bag, or plastic envelope, to protect them until you use them again. Goggles should be kept in a case when not in use.

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Cleaning PPE: When to clean:

• Eye and face protection equipment that has been previously used should be disinfected before being issued to another employee.

• When employees are assigned protective equipment for extended periods, the equipment should be cleaned and disinfected regularly.

• Frequent cleansing may be necessary when atmospheric conditions and restricted ventilation of the protector cause the lenses to fog.

How to clean: Several methods for disinfecting eye-protective equipment are acceptable. The most effective method is to:

• Disassemble the goggles or spectacles and thoroughly clean all parts with soap and warm water.

• Carefully rinse all traces of soap and replace defective parts with new ones. • Swab thoroughly and completely or immerse all parts for 10 minutes in a solution of

germicidal deodorant fungicide. • Remove parts from solution and suspend in a clean place for air-drying at room temperature

or with heated air. • Do not rinse after removing parts from the solution because this will remove the germicidal

residue that retains its effectiveness after drying. Inspecting and Disposing of PPE: PPE must be kept in a sanitary and reliable condition. Don’t use equipment with structural or optical defects! Be aware of the following when you inspect your PPE:

• Damaged lenses: Pitted lenses, like dirty lenses, can be a source of reduced vision. They should be replaced. Deeply scratched or excessively potted lenses are apt to break.

• Defective headbands: Slack, worn-out, sweat-soaked, or twisted headbands do not hold the eye protector in proper position. Visual inspection can determine when the headband elasticity is reduced to a point below proper function.

Go to the online presentation and complete Activity 4: Knowledge Check.

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Module 3, Section 3: Conclusion

In this section you learned how to maintain your PPE. Maintenance includes inspecting, cleaning, and storing your eye and face protection properly.

Remember, PPE that is not worn properly or not properly maintained might not protect you from eye and face hazards!

If you have any questions about wearing or maintaining your PPE, see your UNIT SAFETY COORDINATOR.

Go to the online presentation and view Activity 5: Conclusion Video.

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Module 4: How Do I Respond to An Injury? While it’s important that you make choices to prevent eye and face injuries, it’s also important to know how to respond to injuries if they do occur. Knowing how to respond can save you or another person from permanent disability. What to Expect in This Section In previous sections, you learned how to Protect and Comply. In this section, you will learn how to Respond, including:

• How to recognize the symptoms of an eye or face injury • What to do if you or someone else has injured their eyes or face, and • How to use an eyewash station.

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Module 4, Section 1: What Are the Symptoms of An Eye or Face Injury?

While some eye and face injuries are easy to detect, such as a nail stuck in the eye, others are more subtle. Even subtle injuries can lead to major consequences.

This shipmate had persistent problems with his eye after a hazardous activity. If left untreated, his eye could become seriously scratched, damaged, and even infected. Remember: Early recognition of an eye or face injury is the first step to recovery. Look out for the following signs of a potential eye or face injury and seek medical attention for:

General eye: One eye doesn’t move as well as the other

Vision problems

Persistent or severe pain Something embedded in/stuck on the eye

Eyelid: Cut/torn lid

Eyelid spasms

Inability to open eye

Pupil: Unusual size/shape

Face around eye: Bruising/black eye (especially around both eyes)

Swelling/redness around eye

Tearing/Leakage: Severely watery eyes

Leakage of blood/clear fluid from eye

White of the eye: Blood appearing inside eye

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You should also look out for the signs below. They are signs of a possible life-threatening head injury! Seek medical help immediately.

Mental State: Unconsciousness Deteriorating level of response Drowsiness Loss of memory related to the injury event Dramatic changes in behavior (irritability, etc.)

Brow/Scalp: High temperature Head wound/bruise Depression of the scalp Headache

Eyes: Unequal pupil size Bruising around the eyes Blood in the white of the eye

General Head/Face: Flushed appearance Weakness/paralysis of one side of the face/body Lack of symmetry/distortion of the head

Ears: Bruising behind ear Swelling behind ear Clear fluid or watery blood from ear

Nose/Mouth: Clear fluid or watery blood from nose Slowed breathing

Circulation: Slowed pulse

If you have any question about some of the symptoms you are experiencing, notify your supervisor, unit safety coordinator or health care provider.

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Module 4, Section 2: How Should I Respond to an Injury? You need to know how to respond if you or someone else is injured in the face or eye.

Would you know what to do? Being prepared and knowing how to respond can save you or your shipmate from a permanent disability and even death. Review the chart below to learn how you can respond to an eye or face injury. Hazard Injury Response Warnings

Cut or Embedded Object in the Eye

Do not remove or touch any embedded objects yourself. Avoid moving the uninjured eye, since the injured eye may try to move with it. (You may even want to close or cover the good eye.) Avoid putting pressure on a cut or punctured eye.

− Intense pain − Visible wounds − Bloodshot eyes − Spasms of the

eyelid − Vision impairment

or loss − Leakage of blood or

clear fluid from the eye

• Seek medical help. • Have the victim lie on their

back and keep their head still. • Place a sterile dressing or pad

over the eye (if there’s a large embedded object, use an eye shield or clean, disposable cup instead and secure it in place).

• Encourage the victim to keep their eyes still to avoid further damage

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Blow to the Face Handle the victim’s head gently in case there is also a spinal injury. Do not bandage the lower jaw shut.

− Pain − Facial distortion,

swelling, or wounds

− Bruises/black eye − Difficulty

breathing

• Seek medical help. • Keep the victim’s airway clear. • Gently apply a cold compress

for pain and swelling. • Watch for signs of a possible

serious head injury (see previous section).

Hazard Injury Response Warnings

Minor Burns to the Eye or Face − 1st degree burns

(redness/swelling of skin, pain)

− 2nd degree burns (red, swollen, wet, or moist-looking skin, blisters) covering an area less than 3 inches

• Hold the burn under cool (not cold) running water (or immerse in cool water or use a cold compress if running water is not available).

• Bandage the burn loosely in non-fluffy, sterile gauze.

• Take an over-the-counter pain reliever.

• Seek medical help right away if there is weakness, illness, or uncontrolled pain.

Don’t use ice, butter, or ointments for any burns. Signs of infection are: lasting mild pain, a sensation of something in the eye, light sensitivity, sores, increasing redness, fever, or discharge.

Severe Burns to the Eye or Face − 2nd degree burns

(red, swollen, wet, or moist-looking skin, blisters) covering an area over 3 inches

− 3rd and 4th degree burns (severe pain or numbness, waxy white, leathery, or tan skin, blackened/charred tissue)

− Burns to the eye itself accompanied by severe pain, decreased vision, or blistering on the eyelid.

• Seek emergency medical help. • Monitor breathing. • Elevate the burned area above

the heart if possible. • Cool the burn with a cool,

moist, sterile bandage or clean, moist cloth or towels.

Don’t immerse severe burns in cold water. Do not remove any clothing stuck to burns.

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Hazard Injury Response Warnings

Chemical Burn/Splash

Do not let the victim touch the eye. Remove contact lenses if possible but do not force them out.

− Intense pain, redness, and/or swelling in the eye

− Watery eyes inability to open eyes

• Take the victim to an eyewash station (see next section) and help them operate it.

• Hold or bandage an eye pad to the injured eye(s).

• Identify the chemical if possible.

• Seek medical help.

Hazard Injury Response Warnings

Particles in the Eye If anything is sticking to or embedded in the eye, do not touch or remove it. Do not rub the eye.

− Blurry vision − Eye pain − Red and/or

watery eyes − Spasms of the

eyelid

• Take the victim to an eyewash station (see next section) and help them operate it.

• Seek medical help if the particles cannot be flushed out in the eyewash, if any particles are sticking to or embedded in the eye, for continued pain or blurred vision, or for infections.

Hazard Injury Response Warnings

Flash Burn

− Light sensitivity − Gritty sensation in

the exposed eye − Red, watery eyes

• Have the victim hold an eye pad to their injured eye(s) or bandage the pads in place

• Seek medical help

Do not remove contact lenses.

Sources: American College of Emergency Physicians; Mayo Clinic; WebMD.

Using the information you have learned in this module so far, test your knowledge and see if you know how to respond to an eye or face injury.

Go to the online presentation and complete Activity 6: Respond to the

Injury.

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Module 4, Section 3: How Do I Use an Eyewash Station? You may have noticed in the previous section that eyewash stations are sometimes used as a first response to eye and face injuries. If you are injured, would you know where the closest eye wash station is? Would you know how to use it?

In a situation like the one above, seconds count. Quick action can save your eyesight, so it’s important to make sure you are ready to use eyewash stations before there’s an emergency.

To prepare yourself, do the following:

Be familiar with where the eyewash stations are in your work space. Emergency eyewash stations should be placed in all areas that pose a chemical, dust, or other hazard to your eyes and face. The following are examples of eyewash stations:

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If you are unsure where the ones in your work space are, ask your Unit Safety Coordinator.

Know how to operate the eyewash stations in your work space. Generally, you should flush eyes with water from an eyewash station for at least 15 minutes. Ask your Unit Safety Coordinator to help you learn how to operate the eyewash stations in your work space.

Before exposing yourself to a hazard, check to make sure that you could quickly get to an eyewash station. Do the following before you begin:

o Locate the closest eyewash station. o Ask yourself how you would get there. Could you get to it quickly without help and with

restricted vision? o If it would take you more than 10-15 seconds to get to the eyewash station, move closer if

possible. o Make sure that there is a clear pathway between you and the eyewash station. Remove

obstacles or move to a better location. You don’t want to be stumbling over boxes, equipment, or stairs or into doors in an emergency!

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Module 4, Section 4: Conclusion

In this section you learned how to recognize eye and face injuries; how to respond to eye and face injuries including the use of eye wash stations. While it is import to know how to respond to an eye and face injury, if possible always notify emergency personnel. Knowing how to respond can save someone’s vision or life!

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Module 5: Conclusion

You have finished the Eye and Face Protection course! In this course, you learned:

• why you need to protect your eyes and face, • what hazards you may face in your workplace, • what PPE are available, • how to select, use, and maintain your PPE, and • how to respond to an injury.

You now know how to: Protect, Comply, and Respond!

Keep this student guide close by as a reference tool if you have any questions about eye and face protection. Additionally, make sure you know who your Unit Safety Coordinator is.

Go to the online presentation and complete Activity 7: Completion. In this section, you will find resources and a completion test. You must score at

least an 80% to receive credit for taking this Mandated Training.

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