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Extra Syntax Exercises X *** The XFiles *** Ken Ramshøj Christensen Aarhus University 2014 ParDcles. The Double Object ConstrucDon. “Let”. ImperaDves. Proper names. Swearing. AdverbModal Order. Material NOT covered in the intro course 1

Extra Syntax Exercises X - Aarhus Universitet · A&nominal&modifier,&such&as&professor,king, misteror& doctor,&is&an&NP,&notaDP,& cf.&thatitis&notpossible&to&have&adeterminer&immediately&preceding&it:&

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Page 1: Extra Syntax Exercises X - Aarhus Universitet · A&nominal&modifier,&such&as&professor,king, misteror& doctor,&is&an&NP,&notaDP,& cf.&thatitis&notpossible&to&have&adeterminer&immediately&preceding&it:&

Extra  Syntax  Exercises  X  ***  The  X-­‐Files  ***  

Ken  Ramshøj  Christensen  Aarhus  University  

2014  

ParDcles.  The  Double  Object  ConstrucDon.  “Let”.  ImperaDves.  Proper  names.  Swearing.  Adverb-­‐Modal  Order.  

Material  NOT  covered  in  the  intro  course  

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Page 2: Extra Syntax Exercises X - Aarhus Universitet · A&nominal&modifier,&such&as&professor,king, misteror& doctor,&is&an&NP,&notaDP,& cf.&thatitis&notpossible&to&have&adeterminer&immediately&preceding&it:&

Draw  the  tree  structure  of  the  following  sentences:  

(1)  They  eventually  threw  out  the  garbage.  (2)  They  eventually  threw  the  garbage  out.  (3)  She  bought  him  a  nice  present.  (4)  They  should  not  let  him  leave.  (5)  Don’t  you  let  him  leave.  (6)  Professor  Neil  Smith  (7)  That  annoying  Ken  Ramshøj  “Is  it  lunchDme  yet?”  

Christensen  from  Aarhus  (8)  What  the  Hell  are  you  doing?  (9)  Actually,  we  probably  shouldn’t  have  danced  to  that  

song  

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ANSWERS  

Trees  drawn  using  Miles  Shang’s  Syntax  Tree  Generator  (hcp://mshang.ca/syntree/)  AddiDonal  text,  figures,  lines  and  arrows  added  in  Microso1  PowerPoint  

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Page 4: Extra Syntax Exercises X - Aarhus Universitet · A&nominal&modifier,&such&as&professor,king, misteror& doctor,&is&an&NP,&notaDP,& cf.&thatitis&notpossible&to&have&adeterminer&immediately&preceding&it:&

(see  Haegeman  &  Guéron  1999:252-­‐264)  

Par+cle  shi2:  The  DP  object  moves  

around  the  parDcle  in  Prt°  into  spec-­‐PrtP.  

(1)  

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Page 5: Extra Syntax Exercises X - Aarhus Universitet · A&nominal&modifier,&such&as&professor,king, misteror& doctor,&is&an&NP,&notaDP,& cf.&thatitis&notpossible&to&have&adeterminer&immediately&preceding&it:&

(see  Haegeman  &  Guéron  1999:252-­‐264)  

Par+cle  incorpora+on:  The  parDcle  and  the  verb  

form  a  complex  consDtuent,  V*.  

(2)  

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Page 6: Extra Syntax Exercises X - Aarhus Universitet · A&nominal&modifier,&such&as&professor,king, misteror& doctor,&is&an&NP,&notaDP,& cf.&thatitis&notpossible&to&have&adeterminer&immediately&preceding&it:&

(see  Haegeman  &  Guéron  1999:125)  

Indirect  object:  spec-­‐VP  

Direct  object:  sister  of  V°  

V°-­‐to-­‐V°  movement:  The  lexical  verb  is  sDll  in  a  V°  inside  VP  following  

never  lek-­‐adjoined  to  VP  

Adjunct:  Lek-­‐

adjoined  modifier  of  

VP  

(3)  

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Embedded  NON-­‐FINITE  clause.  An  infiniDval  IP  without  to  in  I°.  

Subject  in  spec-­‐IP  

Subject  in  spec-­‐IP  

Clausal  object:  Sister  of  V°  

(4)  

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Page 8: Extra Syntax Exercises X - Aarhus Universitet · A&nominal&modifier,&such&as&professor,king, misteror& doctor,&is&an&NP,&notaDP,& cf.&thatitis&notpossible&to&have&adeterminer&immediately&preceding&it:&

As  the  subject  occupies  spec-­‐IP,  the  auxiliary  verb  must  have  moved  to  C°,  cf.  that  it  cannot  follow  the  subject:    

Don’t  let  him  leave!  *You  don’t  let  him  leave!  Don’t  you  let  him  leave!  

I°-­‐to-­‐C°  movement:  Subject-­‐Auxiliary  Inversion  (SAI)  

OPTIONAL  subject  in  spec-­‐IP  

Embedded  NON-­‐FINITE  clause.  An  infiniDval  IP  without  to  in  I°.  

Subject  in  spec-­‐IP  

Clausal  object:  Sister  of  V°  

(5)  

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A  nominal  modifier,  such  as  professor,  king,  mister  or  doctor,  is  an  NP,  not  a  DP,  cf.  that  it  is  not  possible  to  have  a  determiner  immediately  preceding  it:      

We  all  miss  [good  old  [professor  Smith]].  We  all  miss  [the  good  old  [professor  Smith]].  *We  all  miss  [the  good  old  [the  professor  Smith]].  *We  all  miss  [good  old  [the  professor  Smith]].  

Modifier  lek-­‐adjoined  to  NP  

The  first  name  is  in  the  specifier  of  the  surname.  

(6)  

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The  first  name  is  in  the  specifier  of  the  middle  name.  

The  first  and  middle  names  form  a  consDtuent  in  the  specifier  of  the  surname.  

Modifier  lek-­‐adjoined  to  the  NP  containing  the  full  

name  (N3P)   Modifier  right-­‐adjoined  to  the  NP  containing  the  full  name  (N3P)  

Note  that  each  name  (first,  middle  and  surname)  must  be  an  NP  in  order  to  allow  for  adunciton  af  phrasal  modifiers.  In  compound  names,  e.g.  Hans-­‐Henrik  (where  the  primary  stress  is  on  the  second  part)  are  complex  N°s.  

(7)  

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Modifiers  are  normally  adjoined  to  NP,  not  to  DP.  However,  there  are  other  examples  of  adjunc+on  to  DP,  cf.      

[He  who  must  not  be  named].  (Harry  Pocer)  [He  who  pays  the  piper]  calls  the  tune.  (Proverb)  [Only  the  good]  die  young.  (Old  saying)  Let  [him  who  hath  understanding]  reckon  the  number  of  the  beast.  (The  Bible)  

Modifier  right-­‐adjoined  to  DP  

(8)  

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Adjunct  lek-­‐adjoined  to  IP  

Adjunct  lek-­‐adjoined  to  IP  

(9)   AdjuncDon  to  an  XP  projects  another  instance  of  that  XP.  

IP-­‐recursion:  An  IP  selecDng  another  IP  

The  subject  moves  from  the  lower  spec-­‐IP  to  the  higher  spec-­‐IP,  but  this  is  NOT  raising:  It  is  movement  within  

the  same  clause.  

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