Extra CreditPersian Gulf War• Three Kings (fiction)• JarheadIraq War• The Hurt Locker• The MessengerAfghanistan War• Restrepo• Zero Dark Thirty

Directions:• Write a 10 sentences (half

page) about the film describing the plot and what you thought of it.

• These are all rated R, so ask your parents for permission.

• You need to actually watch it. I may ask you some obscure questions just to make sure.

• 7 points extra credit each

Bellwork• In what ways is

the world different since 9/11? What have you heard? What have you noticed?

Bellwork• Can we stop

terrorism? Can we stop it through wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Do the wars make it worse? If you were president, how would you deal with 9/11?

Assignment: The Iraq War (2003-

2012)

Anti-Terrorism Actions

• Bush creates Department of Homeland Security in 2002– Analyzes threats, secure

borders and airports• Color system eliminated by

Obama (arbitrary)

Homeland Security Looks

for Sleepers• A sleeper is a an agent that enters a country and blends into a community

• always ready to commit terrorist act

• 9/11 hijackers were sleepers

The Patriot Act• Allowed the government to:

• Detain foreigners suspected of terrorism for seven days without charging them with a crime.

• Tap all phones used by suspects and monitor their e-mail and Internet use.

• Make search warrants valid across states.• Order U.S. banks to investigate sources of

large foreign accounts.• Prosecute terrorist crimes without any

time restrictions or limitations.

• Some people fear that the law allows the government to violate our rights guaranteed in the Constitution.

Iraq

• Led by Saddam Hussein since 1979• Saddam had invaded Kuwait

(Desert Storm) and was on our bad side

• United Nations inspectors were supposed to be allowed to go into Iraq to check that he was complying with cease fire.

• In 1998, he stopped letting UN inspectors enter the country.

9/11 Makes Bush Worried

• After 9/11, President Bush feared Hussein was providing terrorists with weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)

• Saddam denies, but does not allow UN inspectors in Iraq.

• Finally, in 2002, Saddam allows inspectors into the country.

• They don’t find any WMDs, but Bush is not convinced.

Iraq and Al-Qaeda

• Bush draws connections between Iraq and Al-Qaeda, claiming that Saddam intended to sell WMD to Bin Laden for use against the United States.

“HE HAS WMDS”

• Colin Powell gave presentation to the UN using audiotapes, satellite photos, and other evidence to argue that Saddam was hiding WMDs.

• The US and Britain pushed for a resolution in the UN that would authorize war against Iraq.

Protests Against War

• Crowds of antiwar protesters participated in more than 600 rallies around the globe on a single day in February.

• An estimated 750,000 protestors turned out in the largest demonstration ever in the British capital.

• Most of the demonstrations were peaceful.

War in Iraq

• On March 17, 2003, President Bush gave Hussein 48 hours to leave Iraq.

• After the dictator refused, the United States and Great Britain launched Operation Iraqi Freedom.

War in Iraq• The war began with massive air raids;

sections of Baghdad were the primary targets U.S. ground troops

• They arrived at the outskirts of the Iraqi capital by April 2.

• Within a week, Baghdad fell to the U.S. military.

• Hussein survived the attack and went into hiding.

Saddam Found on Dec 13, 2003

Government in Iraq

• The United States hosted a meeting with Iraqi representation to determine the future government of Iraq.

• The representatives adopted a 13-point statement, stating that Iraq would respect diversity and rule by law.

• However, one of the country’s main Shi’a groups, the Iranian-based Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution, refused to attend.

Search for WMDs

• Much of the case for going to war against Iraq was based on the belief that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.

• Once major combat ended on May 1, U.S. forces began an extensive search for these weapons.

• By late-2004, chemical or biological weaponry had not been found.

Iraqi Insurgents

• Since the downfall of Saddam, insurgents (fighters) continue to attack US troops in Iraq

• Many fight for different reasons

• Mainly, Iraq has two religious groups that don’t like each other (Sunni and Shia)

• Because of this, Iraq is in a civil war

How Many?

• Estimates of the number of insurgents are impossible to confirm. By 2006, US military estimates ranged from 8,000 to 20,000, although Iraqi intelligence officials have issued figures as high as 40,000 fighters plus another 160,000 supporters. Fighters have been found among the insurgents from countries including Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Sudan.

The Hurt Locker

• Dismantling an IED• 12:00 – 26:00

Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse

The 2007 Surge

• The War in Iraq was not going well• Violence was increasing daily• Bush responded by making the (unpopular)

decision to send in many more troops to Iraq.• Amazingly this surge has helped reduce

violence in Iraq, but questions still remain about what happens when we withdraw from the country.

Wikileaks

2010 July - Whistleblowing website Wikileaks publishes thousands of classified US military documents relating to Afghanistan.

Julian Assange

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHP_3JVmprs

Army Pfc. Bradley Manning, an intelligence analyst who sent 700,000 classified U.S. documents to the WikiLeaks website.

• He said the files showed that "thousands" of war crimes may have been committed in Afghanistan.

• The documents have revealed unreported incidents of Afghan civilian killings and information about secret operations against Taliban leaders, as well as highlighting US fears that Pakistan's intelligence service was aiding the Afghan uprising.

• Assange rejected accusations that the leak had compromised America's national security.

• "We don't see any difference in the White House's response to this case to the other groups that we have exposed. We have tried hard to make sure that this material does not put innocents at harm. All the material is over seven months old so is of no current operational consequence, even though it may be of very significant investigative consequence."

• Julian Assange said that the 90,000 leaked US military documents about the war in Afghanistan would help shape understanding of the past six years of fighting.

Iraq’s Future

• We ended the Iraq War in December 2012• People understand the American soldier,

combined with the cooperation of Sunni and Shia Arabs in this country, is the pathway toward stability and a successful free and democratic Iraq.

Summary

• Why did we go to war with Iraq in 2003? What was the result of that war?

Talk to an Iraqi

Assignment:Al-Qaeda Goals

Top: What are al-Qaeda’s goals? Translate each one as if you’re

explaining to your little brother.

Bottom: Based on Al-Qaeda’s strategy and goals, do you think

they have been successful in fighting the United States? What

can we do to keep them from achieving their goals?

Al-Qaeda: Successful or Unsuccessful?

1. Provoke the United States into invading a Muslim country.

2. Incite local resistance to occupying US forces.3. Expand the conflict to neighboring countries, and

engage the U.S. in a long war of attrition.4. Convert Al-Qaeda into an ideology and set of

operating principles that can be loosely franchised in other countries without requiring direct command and control.

5. The U.S. economy will finally collapse under the strain of too many engagements in too many places, similarly to the Soviet war in Afghanistan.

Extra CreditIraq War• The Hurt Locker• The Messenger

Afghanistan War• Restrepo• Zero Dark Thirty

Directions:• Write a half page about the

film describing the plot and what you thought of it.

• These are all rated R, so ask your parents for permission.

• You need to actually watch it. I may ask you some obscure questions just to make sure.

• 7 points extra credit each