Extension Education 1 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Extension Education

1 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Introduction to Extension EducationMeans for dissemination of education and

informationHelps to change human behaviour through use of

knowledge, skill and attitudeWas first implemented in Britain in 1894

Main aim: to reach out to the rural and farming population for promoting social and cultural development.

Definition: It is an applied science consisting of content derived from research accumulated field experiences and relevant experiences drawn from behavioural sciences and combined with useful technology into a philosophy, principles and methods focused on the problems of out of school education for adults and youth.2 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Introduction to Extension Education

Purpose: To bring about a change in attitudes and practices of the people with whom work is done.

Results: Narrows the gap between what is and what is required or desired.

It encompasses the educational, economic, cultural, social and communal objective of learning and teaching.


How can Extension Education be effective?

It should be:humanitarianrealisticflexiblebased on the principle of learning by doingcater to the needs and interests of people at

grass root levelsneeds to be regularly assessed and evaluatedshould include feedback from participants and

local authoritiesneeds to be well planned


Principles of Extension Education that need to be catered to

Principle of Voluntary EducationPrinciple of Self- HelpPrinciple of SatisfactionPrinciple of Self- DependencePrinciple of Motivation and EncouragementPrinciple of Cooperation and ParticipationPrinciple of Local LeadershipPrinciple of whole family participationPrinciple of slow and a continuous processIn agreement with the National Policies and

ProgrammesUndertaken by Trained Subject matter specialistsBe based on applied technology and science, and

in accordance with appropriate teaching method5 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Communication

Essential for the functioning of any programmeIt is a two way process by which the messages are

transmitted from the source to the receiver.It is the process by which information, decisions

and directions pass through a social system and the ways in which knowledge, opinions and attitudes are formed or modified

It is a process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings or impressions in a way that each gains common understanding of a message bringing the sender and receiver together.

Gestures and symbols are very important in the process of communication6 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Visual AidsEnsure more effective communication.Attracts the receiver through the sense organsUseful in achieving the objectives by creating

interest, motivation, desire and activity.Classification of audio visual is based on the sense

organs involved:Audio- radio, tape recorder, telephone, public

address system, songs, slogans etc.Visual- These are of two types:

Non- projected- posters, charts, pictures, models, flash cards, cartoons, black- board, bulleti- boards, handbills, paper, clippings, exhibitions

Projected- Slides, film strips, silent films, overhead projections, opaque projections, slide projections, close circuit TV, films, television, VCR, drama, puppetry and songs and dance programmes


Types of CommunicationOne-way Communication (Didactic

Method)The flow of communication is one way from the communicator to the audience.

e.g. lecture method in class roomsDrawbacks

knowledge is imposedlearning is authoritativeless audience participationno feedbackdoe not influence human behaviour8 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Types of CommunicationTwo- way communication (Socratic

Method)Both the communicator and the audience take part

The audience may raise questions, and add their own information, ideas and opinions to the subject.

Learning process is active and democratic

More likely to influence behaviour than one- way communication


Types of CommunicationVerbal Communication

The traditional way of communication has been by word of mouth.

The advent of written and printed matter are of comparatively recent origin.

Direct verbal communication by word of mouth may be loaded with hidden meanings

It is persuasive.Non- direct or written communication may not be as persuasive as the spoken word


Types of CommunicationNon- verbal Communication

Communication without wordsIt includes a whole range of bodily movements, postures, gestures, facial expressions etc.

Silence is non-verbal communication

It speaks louder than words


Types of Communication Communication

Formal Communication

Informal Communication

- follows lines of authority - grape- vine

communication- exists in all organizations- could be more active if the formal channels do not cater to the information needs


Types of CommunicationPersuasion (influence)

art of winning friends and influencing peopledoes not employ force or deliberate manipulationDefinition: A conscious attempt by one individual

to change or influence the general beliefs, understanding, values and behaviour of another individual or group of individuals in some desired way

Persuasive communication is more effective than coercion or authoritative communication

It can change lifestyle and modify the risk factors of diseases

When persuasive communication is deliberately employed to manipulate feelings, attitudes and beliefs, it becomes 'propaganda' or 'brain washing' 13 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Types of CommunicationInformation

The primary function of health communication is to provide scientific knowledge or information to people about health problems and how to maintain and promote health.

Information should be easily available to the people . Exposure to the right kind of health information can eliminate social and psychological barriers of

ignorance, prejudice and misconceptions people may have about health matters

Increase awareness of the people to the point that they are able to perceive their health needs

influence people to the extent that unfelt needs become felt needs, and felt needs become demands


Types of CommunicationMessage

It is the information which the communicator transmits to his audience to receive, understand, accept and act upon.

It may be in the form of words, pictures or signs.

Health communication may fail if the message is not adequate


Types of CommunicationCharacteristics of a good message

in line with the objectivesmeaningfulbased on felt needsclear and understandablespecific and accuratetimely and adequatefitting the audienceinterestingculturally and socially appropriate

Transmitting the right message to the right people at the right time is a crucial factor in successful communication


Elements of CommunicationElement Description

Sender The person or device intending to transmit the information

Message The information in the form of an idea, thought, attitude, feeling, opinion, etc

Receiver The person willing to share the message with the sender

Feedback The reactions and responses of receiver to the sender after receiving the message

Noise The barriers to the message resulting in the distortion or blackout of communication

17Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

The Two-Way Process of Communication

FEEDBACK

NOISE

SENDER MESSAGE RECEIVER


TerminologyAudio aid: The device which can be heard but the

person and objects whose voices are recorded cannot be seen. e.g. audio-tapes, audio cassettes, record discs

Visual aid: The teaching device which can be seen but not heard. e.g. slides, film- strips, opaque projections, photographs, pictures etc

Audio- visual aid: The teaching device that can be both heard and seen. e.g. motion pictures, video cassette players and television programmes


Categories of Teaching AidsTeaching Aid Category

Examples

Graphic Aids Charts, posters, pictures, cut-outs, placcards, flash cards, bulletin boards, flannel boards, magnetic boards, chalk boards

Three- dimensional Aids

Models, specimen, real objects, apparatus, exhibits, dioramas

Activity Aids Demonstrations, dramatization, projects, excursions, field trips etc


Sensory Learning ExperiencesSense Organ

Sensory Experience

Example

Eye Visual Showing the diagram of digestive system

Ear Aural Listening to gramophone recording

Nose Olifactory Smelling a gas prepared in chemistry laboratory

Tongue Gustatory Tasting a food item prepared in the home science laboratory

Skin Tactile Feeling the shape, roughness etc. of an object


Category of Aids Examples

Auditory Aids Radio receivers; recordings

Visual Aids Slides, film strips, over-head projector, transparencies, epidiascopic projections

Audio- Visual Aids Motion pictures, television programmes, video shows, computer- video interface


Kinds of CommunicationKind Descriptions Examples

Speaking- Listening The sender speaks and the receiver listens

1. Listening to a lecture or discourse2. Listening to a talk or a lesson on a radio- set.3. Listening to a tape or disc

Visualizing- Observing The sender uses visual symbols and the receiver observes

1. Use of an illustration or diagram

Speaking- Listening, Visualizing- Observing

The sender combines speaking and visual symbols while the receiver listens and observes simultaneously

1. An educational television programme2. A video lesson3. An educational movie

Writing- reading Kind The sender uses written words and symbols. While the receiver reads or feels those

1. A handout on a given topic.2. Silent reading from a text book3. Braille system for the blind23Home Science Facilitator Jasmina

Sangani

Media Systems

The total communication effort is based on three media systems:

Interpersonal communication

Mass media

Traditional or folk media 24Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Interpersonal CommunicationIt is the most common channel.It is also called face-to-face communication

It is more persuasive and effective than any other form of communication

It is important in influencing the decisions of the undecided persons

The superiority of interpersonal communication over mass media for creation of motivational effect has been well documented.25 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Mass MediaChannels of mass media: TV, radio,

printed media.It has the advantage of reaching a

relatively larger population in a shorter time as compared to other means of communication.

It is a one-way channel of communicationIt carries messages from the centre to the

peripheriFeedback systems are poorly organizedThey are usually not effective in changing

established modes of behaviour.26 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Folk MediaNetwork of traditional or folk media

includes folk dances, singing, dramas, Nautanki in Uttar Pradesh, Burrakatha in Andhra Pradesh and Harikatha in Western India besides informal group gatherings, caste or religious meetings.

These are important channels of communication close to the cultural values of the rural population.

They have been the principal instruments of preserving the cultural heritage.

Health messages may be communicated through these traditional media.


FeedbackIt is the flow of information from the audience to

the sender.It is the reaction of the audience to the message.If the message is not clear or otherwise not

acceptable the audience may reject it outrightThe feedback thus provides an opportunity to the

sender to modify the message and render it acceptable.

In interpersonal communication the feedback is immediate.

In mass communication it takes sometime to get feedback

Feedback is generally obtained through opinion polls, attitude surveys and interviews.

It can rectify transmission errors.28 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Use of Audio- Visual AidsSuggestions for an effective and efficient use

of audio- visual aids:The school must have the audio-visual

department for acquiring, co-ordinating and providing counseling about the use of audio-visual aids.

The advisory services of the departments in national institutes connected with the audio-visual aids should be sought.

The liaison should be maintained with the state level and national institutes connected for getting the audio- visual materials on loan for special use in the schools.


Use of Audio- Visual AidsSuggestions for an effective and

efficient use of audio- visual aids:Teachers must update their

knowledge about teaching aids through professional associations and journals

Prepare your own improvised teaching aids and catalogue for use.

The training sessions should be held for effective use of audio- visual aids


Use of Audio- Visual AidsSteps for developing and organizing an audio-

visual program for teachers: Integrate audio- visual aids with the curricular and

co-curricular activities of the schoolCorrelate the audio- visual aids with the prescribed

textual material.Get the audio- visual lessons evaluated frequently to

improve the performance of a teacherTrain the teachers for proper use and care of audio-

visual equipmentSet up an audio- visual resource center for

cataloguing the teaching- aid materialsPrepare lesson- wise instructional guides for use

with the audio- visual aids.


Use of Audio- Visual AidsCriteria for Selection of Audio- Visual AidsSubject Relatedness- The audio- visual aids should

be closely related to the lesson topics. These aids should give the feeling of entertainment and amusement.

Supplementary Role- The audio- visual aids must be used to supplement the classroom teaching. The audio- visual aids should be selected in such a way that they assist the classroom instructor

Accuracy- It should be observed that the audio- visual aids should have accurate details as any incorrect information conveyed by these aids can cause a lot of harm.


Use of Audio- Visual AidsCriteria for Selection of Audio- Visual Aids

Accessibility- The audio- visual aids to be used for a given lesson should be easily accessible and available to a teacher.

Variety- A large number of audio- visual aids should be used for teaching a lesson because use of a single aid produces monotony

Cost Effectiveness- The audio- visual equipment should be used frequently and for a large number of students so that it becomes cost- effective.


Use of Audio- Visual AidsCriteria for Selection of Audio- Visual AidsPre- viewing- For selecting audio-

visual aids for classroom situation , they must be pre viewed and appraised.

Utility- Only those audio- visuals should be selected which are useful and help further education.


Flash CardsSmall cards of generally 25cm x 30 cm size

which are shown for a few moments before the class to send across a message or impart an idea.

The idea on the flash card should be brief.These cards are usually used for the drill in

various subjects.They may also be used for reviewing a

lesson with the students.Flash cards can be used with other graphic

aids to make the lesson effective.35 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Preparation of Flash CardsCut a foolscap chart paper and cut it

into four equal parts.Write the content on it either in the free

hand or using lettering stencils and sketch pen.

The height of the writing on the flash cards should be approximately 5 cm so that the whole class can see the flash cards clearly


Advantages of Flash CardsCan be used to introduce and present topicsCan be used to apply information already gained by

students to new situationsCan be used to review a topicCan be used for drill and practice in elementary

classesCan be used to develop the cognitive abilities of

recognition and recall of studentsA series of special purpose flash cards can be used

for playing educational games to couple learning with fun

Can be used as a supplementary aid and can be effectively used with other materials


Bulletin BoardsThe material on the bulletin board should

change periodically as new lesson topics are taught.

The students can be asked to collect the display material to be put on the bulletin board.

During the course of the lesson, the teacher can make special reference to the displayed material to make his lesson lively.


Using the Bulletin Boards EffectivelyProcure enough illustrative material from

various sources on a given subject or topic.Sort out the relevant material specific to the

subject or topicDisplay the material on the bulletin board in an

aesthetic manner keeping the color balance and harmony in view.

On the top centre of the bulletin board fix a title for the specific subject of the display material

Below the title fix a brief description about the specific subject or topic


Using the Bulletin Boards Effectively

While teaching make reference to the material displayed on the bulletin board.

Keep the interest of the students alive by involving them in collection of material for the bulletin board

The height of the bulletin board should be one metre above the ground.

The area where the bulletin boards are fixed should be well-lit.


Advantages of Bulletin BoardsWork as a good supplement to normal

classroom teaching Arouses students’ interest in specific

subjectsCan be used effectively as a follow-up of

chalk-board workAdd color and liveliness to the classroom as

they have decorative as well as educational value

Can be used to introduce a topic and review it.


Limitations of Bulletin Boards

They can not be used for all inclusive teaching.

They can only be used as supplementary aids to other teaching aids

At times the collection of materials for a certain topic may be difficult.


Flannel BoardIt is a display board made of wood, cardboard or

straw board covered with colored flannel or woolen cloth.

Display material like the cut-outs, pictures, drawings and light objects backed with rough surfaces like sand paper strips, flannel strips etc. will stick to the flannel board temporarily

The sand paper backed material can be detached easily and replaced with new relevant material as the lesson progresses.

A flannel board of 1.5 m x 1.5 m is most widely used. It can be fixed next to the chalk board


Using a Flannel BoardCollect pictures, light objects or make

cut-outs and back them with sand paper pieces.

Display the material on the flannel board in a sequence to develop the lesson

Change the pictures or the cut-outs as you talk to the students

Create proper scenes and designs relevant to the lesson.


Teaching situations & Flannel BoardsFor telling a story For letter recognitionFor recall testingFor teaching elementary lessons on

numbersFor playing educative jig- saw

puzzlesFor showing inter- relationship

between different parts of a process45 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Advantages of Flannel BoardsHolds the interest of students and arrests

their attentionContinuity in lesson development due to

sequential change of materialQuick and easy to useEnable teachers to talk along with the

changing illustrations to develop a lessonKindles enthusiasm and interest of the

teachers as well as students


ChalkboardsPreferred varieties of chalkboards

Ground glass chalkboardsDull surfaced plastic chalkboards

Vitreous coated iron chalkboards

Recommended Size: 5m x 6m


Characteristics of a boardThe surface of the chalkboard should be

rough enough to writeThe surface of the chalkboard should be

dull enough to eliminate glare which hampers visibility of the writing on the board

The writing should be easily removable with a cloth or foam duster

The chalkboard should be mounted on an appropriate height within the height of the teacher and visibility of the students


DramatizationVery potent method of keeping the

classroom lively and interestingWhen a teacher dramatizes a lesson, the

students become both the spectators and participants.

This makes learning easy and permanent.


Types of DramatizationType Description Example

Role Playing

The players act out the characters based upon their own knowledge and impressions of a small incident. A role playing act requires no script and rehearsal.

Acting out a family scene in which dowry is being demanded from the bride

Playlets The players stage a small play lasting for 10-15 minutes with script preparation and costumes

The story of Snow White and Seven Dwarfs staged by primary students

Pageant The players present a colorful enactment of a phase of history with the period costumes

The story of Indian freedom struggle being staged.

Pantomime The players present a scene in which characters act out loudly with expressions and gestures but do not speak

A street scene in which objects and some characters are shown by gestures

Tableaux The players neither talk nor they act, but they only pose different actions.

A factory scene with workers’ action posed with commentary from the background and spotlight shifting from one pose to another


Pictorial GraphContains of pictures of the same type but

different sizes, proportionate to the magnitudes of the attributes being represented.

It can also be made with the pictures of the same size but different in number to represent different magnitudes.

It has a popular appeal to the viewerCould be used for younger children too to

develop the concepts of more, equal, less and similar comparisons


The Bar GraphA graph is an illustration comparing or

showing changes in a fact or set of facts.A bar graph is a very commonly used graph


The Pie GraphA pie graph is a circle or pie that represents

one whole unit


Points to be borne in mind while preparing a Pie GraphFind out the angles from the percentages

or fractions.Draw the circle on a chart paper using a big

compass using a sketch pen or marker penDivide the circle into appropriate sectors

using the protractorColor each section and write the

corresponding percentage it representsCaption the pie chart with a descriptive

title


Posters

Posters are the graphic aids with short, quick and typical messages with attention capturing paintings.

They can be of different sizesA big poster on a wooden or iron board is

called a bill board or hoardingBill boards are usually used for advertising or

propagandaThey are displayed in the market places, by

rail and road sides to convey messages and ideas in one shooting glance55 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Uses of Posters It could be used for any one of these:

Advertising an event or productCampaigning for a causeGiving a directivePopularizing a sloganDrawing attention towards desirable

actions and valuesGiving a warningPopularizing a symbol or a signPropaganda



Types of Models for Classroom InstructionType of Model Description Examples

Solid Models A solid model is the replica of an original thing made with some suitable material like clay, plaster of paris, wood, iron etc. to show the external parts and features of the thing

Globe; clay model of human and animal ; a vegetable; dolls, toys etc

Cut-away and X- Ray Models

Cut- away and X- Ray models are the replicas of the original things to show internal parts of a thing; it may either be in the form of a cross- sectional model showing internal parts of a thing or may be composed of detachable parts. Cross- sectional models are difficult to make in the institutions as they require expertise to construct them

Cross- sectional model of human body; Petrol engine; automatic traffic control system


Types of Models for Classroom InstructionType of Model Description Examples

Working Models These models are either actual working things or their miniature replicas. For illustrating an operation , working models are of great educational value

A motor, a generator, a cycle pump etc

Sand Models These are graphic lay-out using sand, clay, saw-dust and other objects to show trees, buildings, rivers, etc. Sand models are made by using colored sand in a tray of convenient size or on a table. Generally a green field is shown by covering area with green saw dust, water with blue cellophane, cardboard cut-outs for showing forests.

A tribal village, a city area, marketing complex, a forest area


DemonstrationIt is the method of doing and showing or

undertaking an activity to logically prove some principal or phenomenon.

It is widely used in the science laboratoryIt helps to give proof and show clearly or

point out certain facts underlying the topic being taught


Do’s of DemonstrationKeep everything ready and well- organized before

the demonstration.Place the pieces of equipment for demonstration

high enough for everybody to observePresent the information sequentially stressing the

main ideasLet the demonstrator proceed smoothly without

interruptions.Do not drag the demonstration unnecessarily as

student are likely to loose interest thenAsk questions to the students regarding their

observations


Do’s of DemonstrationIf students have not understood certain ideas during the

demonstration , repeat the conceptUse other teaching aids to supplement your

demonstrationCheck continually that your demonstration is going on

the right track and students are getting the intended ideas.

Summarize the main points after the demonstrationHave a friendly and warm behavior during the

demonstrationAllow students to perform after the demonstration is overGive a handout or written material on the demonstration

along with key concepts


Advantages of Demonstration

Good for acquiring and perfecting operational skills

Engages students’ attention and operation

Encourages students’ participation in learning through questions and answers as the teacher performs


How to make a demonstration effective?Pre- Planning

Rehearsal

Performance

Follow- up


Puppetry- Different types of a Puppet

Type Description

String puppetsOr marionettes

Marionettes consist of puppets with hinged body parts which are controlled by nine strings running through screw eyes in the hands of a performer. Pulling of these strings produces required movements in the puppet. These puppets are mainly manipulated by professional puppeteers

Stick puppets These are painted cardboard cut-outs attached by sticks. The actions of these puppets are manipulated by the teacher and students by hiding behind a screen so that only puppets are visible to the audience

Shadow puppets These are silhouettes (dark shape of someone) of cardboard which produce shadows on a white screen. The motion of these silhouettes is manipulated by the teacher and the students

Finger or hand puppets

Hand puppets are round balls painted as heads with overflowing colorful costumes. These are worn on fingers which operate their movements from below the stage


Advantages of PuppetryIt has all the advantages of dramatizationIt provides amusement and entertainmentIt can heighten human emotions and

capture rapt attention


Types of Radio ProgrammesKind of Programme

Description

Talk A talk is the sequential narration about a topic by a single speaker. A good radio talk is characterized by naturaleness of voice; pleasant tone punctuated by humorous incidents, human interest stories and word pictures

Discussion In a discussion a group of participants air their views in the from of panels, interviews and debates. A number of voices make a discussion interesting but much depends on the moderator who sets the tone of the discussion. The end of discussion is followed by a summary to review the major inputs which emerge out of the discussion or debate

Dramatization These radio lessons have various interesting sound effects to amplify emotions and give the mental pictures of the characters in a pot. Lessons on stories or dance dramas would make use of special sound effects.67 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

The teaching procedure of a radio lesson

Procure and study in advance the nature and content of the radio lesson

Prepare students for the radio lesson by informing them about the background of the lesson

Allow the students to listen to the radio lesson and you as a teacher note down the important points covered by it.

Make use of the noted down points to discuss the radio lesson with the students

Clarify and amplify the main points of the radio lesson using other visual aids68 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani

Micro-ProjectorThese are slide projectors designed to project the micro-film slides or microscopic slides to a group of students simultaneously.It reduces the cost of instruction as it eliminates

the expensive individual microscopies for each student.

Enlargement on the screen is quite large for the students to see and get more details

Accompanied with the teacher's commentary, micro- projection can assure the instructor that the students are understanding what is being taught to them which is otherwise not possible with viewing slides individually through microscopes


Overhead ProjectionIt is a vital teaching aid.It has made projections so simple and

easy that it has replaced chalkboard completely in many classrooms.

It produces images on a screen behind and over the head of the teacher

It can be used in soft light conditions and enables the students to take down notes while viewing the projections on the screen


Advantages of Motion Picture as Teaching AidIt captures attention, arouses interest and imparts

emotional experiences. It can bring far-away experiences, events and actions

filmed earlier to the classroom and motion part of the film heightens reality

By slow motion filming and projection, the stages in a process, acting or event can be viewed in details

Many slow processes can be shown as fast by filming them at the right stages of development to educate students quickly

It allows events which are out of reach or specific to be seen without getting near those events

It can enlarge or reduce things and show the internal parts, processes and working of things


Different Types of ScreenType Description Advantage

Silver Screen

An aluminium powder coated cloth screen is called silver screen

It reflects light well and gives an illusion of depth to the image

Matte Screen

A simple white cloth screen with smooth surface is called matte screen

It is cheap and suitable to wide rooms

Beaded Screen

A white cloth screen coated with glass beads is called beaded screen

It reflects light well and is useful for narrow long rooms

Translucent Screen

A thin white silken cloth or tracing cloth screen is called translucent screen

It gives distinct images on both sides of screen suitable for exhibitions where projection is done from behind without the audience seeing the projector


Advantages of Educational Television ProgrammeTelevision appeals to the eye, ear and

emotions. Thus due to total involvement, it can induce effective learning

It can relive with vividness the past events and happenings

It can directly show the current happenings and even live shows taking place in remote areas

A television set is a compact piece of equipment which is easy and convenient to handle


Effective Use of Television for teachingMotivate students to watch the program critically

and for specific details.During the program draw attention of students to

certain important aspects with short phrasesAfter the programme, a follow-up session should

be carried out and other instructional aids used to reinforce the learning

The follow up should be extended to certain related activities like panel discussion or question- answer session

Test the students on their learning gains after the programme and its application


Computer Aided Instruction (CAI)When the computer is used as an aid to teaching ,

method of instruction is called Computer Aided Instruction (CAI)

In implementing the CAI, the principles of programmed learning are used with an added advantage that the responses of the students are instantly and permanently recorded by the computer.

For CAI the information is broken into small pieces and fed to the memory of the computer.

The students interacts with the computer for learning, testing, immediate feedback and reinforcement

The instructional spectrum ranges from simple drills to problem solving


Classification of Field TripsType Description Specific Example

Local School Trip

It is a trip within the school and its immediate neighbour to acquaint students about the potential of learning from the immediate environment. It is essential for new students to obtain all the information about the school

A trip to the school library to know all the details about using the library

A trip to the first aid room to acquaint the students with the services available

Community Trip

It is a trip made to a nearby place of educational interest and it requires some hours or a complete day

A trip to the local zoo, local park, garden, local museum, local factory, historical place, poultry farm, nature hunt trip,, bank, railway station, post office

Educational Trip

It is the trip made to a distant place requiring more than one day

A trip to a far off historical place, dam, a few important towns enroute a journey


Documents

Extension Education 1 Home Science Facilitator Jasmina Sangani