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Introduction
In china , WAMS were established in the Regional \ Provincial control centers.More than 700 substations or power plants have been equipped with PMU, that includes:– Nearly all 750kV, 500kV, 330kV substations in state grid and
regional grids– Key 220kV and 110kV substations in provincial grids
– All generators with capacity of 600MW or above
Sifang Automation Co., Ltd . has over 50% of the WAMS and PMU market share in China. Until May 13, 19,982 measuring points of PMU have been installed at 103 substations and power plants in North China grid.Experience of using WAMS has been accumulated ,but the usage of its information is still a challenge.
Data Server
I / O Node Ser ver
comunicationserver
Workstation of dispatchingmodes and maintenance
Magnetic disk panel
EMS
ApplicationServer
Admi ni st r at i ve ser ver
SANexchanger
Parallel Computer
PMU
switch
WEBServer
firewall
Communicatioserver
The Architecture of Master station of WAMS
System Function
PMU SCADA
Low-frequency oscillations in real-time alarm
Frequency stability Real-time Alarm
Voltage stability in real-time alarm
Transient stability assessment
Security Stability Control
Load model identification
Network model andparameters check
Synchronous machine parameters check
Dispatch Decision Supporting
Dynamic Stability Assessment
Static stability assessment
power angle stability Real-time Alarm
data integration and state estimation
Heat stability Real-time Alarm
Voltage stability assessment
transmission power limit Calculation
Auxiliary services Assessment
Disturbance identification
The Main Functions Achieved
Dispatching monitor and control – Power flow distribution diagram – Power angle distribution diagram – Frequency / voltage monitor– Wind power output monitor plan– Generator run status monitor– Plant Main wiring diagram– Master / sub-station operating
conditions
Application – Disturbance identification– An FM Unit features assessment – Small disturbance oscillation
statistics
– Low-frequency oscillations detection
– The relative phase angle Monitor
– The characteristics of Wind monitoring and analysis
– Model parameters analysis
– State Estimation
Coherent bus grouping for low frequency oscillation
Besides mode frequency, amplitude and damping coefficient.Provide coherent bus grouping function.Identify the oscillation interface or oscillation center.Calculate oscillation power contribution of each nodes.
Nearly in the same phase
Nearly in opposite phase
Coherent bus grouping and oscillation power contribution in contour map
The mode frequency distribution of oscillations satisfying statistic conditions in a Shandong power grid
(1) Online scan all the active power PMU measurement and make fast frequency spectrum analysis
(2) If an oscillation power has amplitude greater than 10MW and lasts at least for 5 periods, then one oscillation with such mode frequency is recorded
(3) The above figure is a oscillation statistics for one month(4) For the found dangerous mode, an oscillation instance can be selected
to make further analysis(e.g. to get coherent bus groups and oscillation center)
Unit Frequency Characteristics Assessment
The Assessment of Unit FM Characteristics
Studies have shown that a unit characteristic frequency shows a great dynamic characteristics ,steady-state results have a larger deviation, therefore, only once time unit of data can’t reflect the capacity of a frequency modulation , it must be accumulated with the long-term real-time data which reflect an FM unit functional contribution to the system, also as a basis for assessment.using high-precision and synchronization measurement of unit frequency and power of WAMS, the energy contribution of unit FM can be calculated, if it is positive, shown unitcontribution to the grid frequency modulation.Day \ Month\ Quarter power of unitoutput.
1
0
0sgn( ) ( )maxt T
i tt t
H x P P Tδ
δ
+ +
= +
= × − Δ∑
Evaluation of An FM Unit
Parameter Identification and Verification
FigureFigure
5 .35 .3 the typical model and the parameters of the the typical model and the parameters of the simulation curve and the measured curvessimulation curve and the measured curves
WAMS parameter identification and verification, tell us:Model parameters accurate or not.How much error ?– Active error is not
Serious– Reactive error is
Serious
Model accurate?–– nono!!
Real-time Stability Monitor
The Critical Phase Angle and Transmission Power Monitor
System Layout
CIM Model in DatabaseTables and it’s corresponding column (Attributes ) follow CIM standard.Terminal attributes are introduced
Basic Table HostControlArea
SubControlArea
Substation
TapChanger
VoltageLevel
Bay
Disconnector
Breaker
GroundDisconnectorBusbarSectionSynchronousMachineEnergyConsumerCompensator
PowerTransformer
TransformerWinding
P o w e rS ys te m R e s o u rc e(f rom C o re )
C o n n e c to r
C o n d u c to r
Eq u iv a le n tS o u rc e
G ro u n d
J u m p e r
J u n c tio n
R e cti fi e r In ve r te r
R e g u la tin g C o n d E q
St a t i c V a rC o m p e n s a to r
S w i tc h
F u s e
T ra n s fo rm e rW in d in g
T a p C h a n g e r
D is c o n n e c to r L o a d B re a k S w i tc h
D C L in e S e g m e n t
AC L in e S e g m e n t
L in e
C o m p e n s a to r
Vo l ta g e C o n tro lZ o n e
B u s b a rS e c tio n
L o ad Are a(f ro m L o a d M o d e l )
Eq u iv a le n tL o a d(f ro m L o a d M o d e l )
In d u c tio n M o to rL o a d(f ro m L o a d M o d e l )
E n e r g yC o n s u m e rS t a tio n S u p p ly
(f ro m L o a d M o d e l )
C u s to m e rM e te r(f rom L o a d M o d e l )
H e a tExc h a n g e r
B a y(f ro m C o re )
Vo l ta g e L e ve l(f ro m C o re )
P o w e rT ra n s fo rm e r
S u b s ta tio n(f ro m C o re )
E q u ip m e n tC o n ta in e r( f rom C o re )
E q u ip m e n t(f rom C o re )
S yn c h ro n o u s M a c h i n e
G e n e ra tin g U n i t(f ro m P ro d u c t i o n )
B re a k e r
C o n d u c tin g E q u ip m e n t(f rom C o re )
P ro te c tio n Eq u ip m e n t(f ro m P ro te c t i o n )
G ro u n d D is c o n n e c to r
C o m p o s i te S w i tc h
Table Example 1Struc BREAKER{
int m_ID;char m_name[32];char m_description[64];char m_phases[4];int m_terminal0_id;int m_terminal1_id;SF_Byte m_normalOpen;SDateTime m_switchOnDate;int m_basevoltage_id;int m_equipmentcontainer_id;……
};
struct BUSBARSECTION{
int m_ID;char m_name[32];char m_description[64];char m_phases[4];int m_terminal0_id;int m_basevoltage_id;int m_equipmentcontainer_id;……
};
Table Example 2
Measurement ModelN a m in g
(f ro m C o re )
M e a s u re m e n tVa lu e Q u a l i ty
M e a s u re m e n tVa lu e S o u rc e
L im i tva l ue : N u m e r ic
Va lu e T o A l ia sva lu e : N u m e r ic
M ea s u re m e n tVa l ueva lu e : N u m e r ictim e S ta m p : Ab s o lu te D a te T im es e n s o rAc c u ra c y : P e rC e n t 11
+ M e a s u re m e n tVa lu e Q u a l i ty
1
+ M e a s u re m e n tVa lu e
1
0 ..n
1
+ M e a s u re m e n tVa lu e s0 ..n
+ Me a s u r em e n tVa lu e S o u rce1
L im i tS e ti s P e rc e n ta g e L im i ts : B o o le a n
0 ..n1
+ L im i ts
0 ..n
+ L im i tS e t
1
M e a s u re m e n tT yp e
Va lu e A l ia s S e t 1 ..n1+ Va lu e s
1 ..n+ Va lu e A l ia s S e t
1
U n i t( f ro m C o re )
C o n tro lT yp e
M e a s u re m e n tp o s i tive F lo w In : B o o le a nm a xVa lu e : N u m e r icm in Va lu e : N u m e r icd a ta T yp e : N u m e r ic T yp en o rm a lVa lu e : N u m e r ic
1 ..n
1
+ C o n ta in _ M e a s u re m e n tVa lu e s1 ..n
+ M e m b e rO f_ M e a s u re m e n t
1
0 ..10 ..n
+ Va lu e A l ia s S e t0 ..1
+ M e a su re m e n ts
0 ..n
0 ..n
0 ..n
+ L im i tS e ts0 ..n
+ M e a s u r em e n ts
0 ..n 0 ..n
1
+ M e a s u re m e n ts0 ..n
+ M e a s u re m e n tT yp e1
1
0 ..n
+ U n i t
1
+ M e as ur e m en ts0 ..n
C o n tro lva lu e : N u m e r ictim e S ta m p : Ab s o lu te D a te T im eo p e ra tio n In P ro g re s s : B o o le a nm a xVa lu e : N u m e r icm in Va lu e : N u m e r icd a ta T yp e : N u m e r ic T yp en o rm a lVa lu e : N u m e r ic
0 .. 10 ..n
+ Va lu e Al ia s S e t0 .. 1
+ C o n tro ls
0 ..n
0 ..n
1
+ C o n tro ls0 ..n
+ U n i t 1
0 ..n
1
+ C o n tro ls0 ..n
+ C o n tro lT yp e1
0 ..1
0 ..1+ M e a s u re d B y_ M e a s u re m e n t
0 ..1+ C o n t ro l le d B y_ C o n tro l
0 ..1
Extended Model for PMU Data
TABLE MEASUREMENT{
ID;//� � � IDTERMINAL_ID; //� �MEASUREMENTTYPE_ID; //� � � �POWERSYSTEMRESOURCE_ID; //� � IDPOWERSYSTEMRESOURCE_TABLEID; //� � � IDPOINTID0; //POINTTABLEID0; //POINTID1; //Pmu_DataCfg� � � � � � � IDPOINTTABLEID1; //Pmu_DataCfg_ID � 1006POINTID2; //POINTTABLEID2; //
ObjLinkNext}
Table Object{
ID;NAME;//DESCRIPTION;//TERMINAL0_ID;//� � � � IDTERMINAL1_ID;//� � � � IDEQUIPMENTCONTAINER_ID;//� � IDEQUIPMENTCONTAINER_TABLEID;//� � � IDmeasId;measIdx;
}
PMU data modelContinuous uploading PMU data, Its own time scale, interval 20ms.
Changing in SCADA(RTU) data transmission, No time scale, interval 1s.
Using fast Database design :– the entire Seconds data of SCADA and PMU cache in Database , to meet
the data requirements of second-class update of Man-machine interface.
– PMU data cache in the fast database with time scales to meet the dynamic curves of MS-level display and advanced applications.
Human-machine interface through CIM model , achieve the multi-source data access of SCADA and PMU.
RTDB mixed PMU data and SCADA Data
point0
PMU Real-time DataBase
point1 point2 point3timetime0time1
time2
Point1:SCADA data
mixed Data
from SCADA or PMU
Point1:PMU data point2:SCADA data Point 2:PMU data
Quick Data service
data from PMU at 1ms period
Slow data service In second
Dynamic Curve in ms
WAMS APP
Real-time DataBase
SCADA
PMU
PMU/SCADA relation table
Analog Table
PMU Table
Time stamp of PMU data
Multi-source Data Display
SVG Data<g id="100003714"><use x="472" y="306" width="20" height="16"
transform="rotate(0,472,306) scale(1,1) translate(- 11,-8)" xlink:href="#Breaker:湖北断路器横_0" class="kv500kV"/>
<metadata><cge:PSR_Ref ObjectID="大别山电厂\525.00千伏
\CB_5013"/></metadata></g>
CIM DATA<g id="100003714"><use x="472" y="306" width="20"
height="16" transform="rotate(0,472,306) scale(1,1) translate(-11,-8)" xlink:href="#Breaker:湖北断路器横_0" class="kv500kV"/>
<metadata><cge:PSR_Ref ObjectID="220004072"/>
</metadata></g>
Relation to CIM and SVG files
<cim:Breaker
rdf:ID="大别山电厂\525.00千伏\CB_5013
">
<cge:PSR_Ref
ObjectID="大别山电厂\525.00千伏\CB_5013
"/>
CIM
SVG
Import CIM data from EMS Import the SVG graphics of EMSUpload the PMU configuration files from PMU substation Automatically map the Measurement record to PMU point.draw some display pictures for WAMS
Five Steps for WAMS Implementation
EMSWAMS
IEC 61970 CIM file
SVG Vector graphic
file
SCADA Telemetry、Remote (104)
Online Lossless Compression of WAMS Data
Online Lossless Compression;
high-density non-destructive preservation, the compression ratio of 30%;
Quick search;1000G
The History of Data Storage of WAMS Master Station
Summary
Using the CIM model and SVG from EMS, the WAMS modeling becomes a much easier task.
Thank you!