Expt 5 Prelim Report

8/15/2019 Expt 5 Prelim Report

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CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Preliminary Report on Experiment #5

Sedimentation

Group #: 2 Date: March 20, 2014

Leader: Estremos, Genelle

Members: Dela Cerna, Jeomarie

Panta, Carmela

Romero, Claire

Sarabosing, Kervin

Objectives:

1.) Effect of initial concentration on sedimentation characteristicsa. To plot the initial mass settling rate against concentration

b. To plot the settling velocity against the limiting concentration

2. ) Effect of initial height on sedimentation characteristicsa. To plot the initial mass settling rate against initial height

b. To plot the settling velocity against the limiting concentration

I. Tabulated Data and Results

Table 1. Part A: Different CaCO3concentration, the same liquid height

Time(min)

Height interface VS Time at different concentrations of CaCO3

2% (cm) 4% (cm) 6% (cm) 8% (cm) 10% (cm)

0 467.0 475 460.0 464 462

2 200.0 255.0 366.0 421.0 425.0

4 70.0 125.0 256.0 372.0 390.0

6 36.0 85.0 183.0 324.0 368.0

8 30.0 74.0 152.0 279.0 338.0

10 28.0 68.0 129.0 242.0 313.0

12 26.0 65.0 108.0 217.0 291.0

14 25.5 62.0 96.0 197.0 271.0

16 25.0 59.0 92.0 179.0 253.0

18 24.5 58.0 89.0 163.0 235.5

20 24.0 56.0 85.0 149.0 219.0

24 hrs 24.0 47.0 60.0 72.0 88.0


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Equations:

(Eqn.1) d

dZ V

(Eqn.2)i LOO Z C Z C

where:

V - settling velocity, mincm

d dZ - slope of the tangent line

OC - initial concentration, L g O Z - initial height of interface, cm

ii Z - height of the slurry that would occupy if all solids present were at concentration LC ,cm

LC - minimum concentration at which boundary layers interfere

Mass settling rate, J

(Eqn.3) V C J L

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

500.0

0 5 10 15 20

Part A. Height of interface VS Time at d ifferent concentrations of CaCO3

H e i g h t o f t h e I n t e r f a c e ( c m )

Time (minutes)

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%


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Part A. Sample Computations:

Solving for the amount of CaCO3 added in 1L of solution for every concentration:

For 2% w/w CaCO3,

Basis: 100g SolutionTherefore: g 2CaCO

3 and 98gOH2

mLmL g

gCaCO98

71.2

2 3 mLO H 738.982 Solution

Thus, for 1L Solution

mL

xCaCO

mL

gCaCO

1000738.98

2 33 ; g 256.20CaCO

3

For 4% w/w CaCO3,

Basis: 100g Solution

Therefore: g 4CaCO3 and 96gOH2

mLmL g

gCaCO96

71.2


Thus, for 1L Solution

mL

xCaCO

mL

gCaCO

1000476.97

4 33 ; g 036.41CaCO

3

Consequently, OHL

CaCOg735.106,253.84,361.62

2

3CaCO3

m {6%, 8%, 10%} w/w CaCO3

Therefore,

Weight % CaCO3 per Liter Solution

Initial Concentration of the SolutionO

C

L g 2 20.256

4 41.036

6 62.361

8 84.253

10 106.735


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1.a Solving for initial mass settling rate at time = 2min, using the equations 1, 2 & 3.

(Eqn.1) d

dZ V


(Eqn.3) V C J L

Wt. %CaCO3

dZ dθ V

(cm/min)Co Zo Zi

C L (g/L)

J

2 400 4 100.000 20.256 467 400 23.649 2364.888

4 435 4.8 90.625 41.036 475 435 44.809 4060.854

6 445.9 9.5 46.937 62.361 460 445.9 64.333 3019.585

8 462 20 23.100 84.253 464 462 84.618 1954.670

10 461 25.3 18.221 106.735 462 461 106.967 1949.074

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

I n i t i a l M a s s S e t t l i n g R a t e

Concentration (g/ L)

Initial Mass Settling Rate vs. Concentration


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1.b Solving for settling velocity and the limiting concentration using the equations 1 & 2.

(Eqn.1) d

dZ V


2% CaCO3

dZ dθ V

(cm/min)Co Zo Zi

C L (g/L)time (min)

0 467 3 155.667 20.256 467 467 20.256

2 400 4 100.000 20.256 467 400 23.649

4 225 5.8 38.793 20.256 467 225 42.042

6 85 10.3 8.252 20.256 467 85 111.289

8 40 34 1.176 20.256 467 40 236.489

10 38 39.5 0.962 20.256 467 38 248.936

12 35 49.1 0.713 20.256 467 35 270.273

14 31 83.2 0.373 20.256 467 31 305.147

16 29 120 0.242 20.256 467 29 326.191

18 28.6 123 0.233 20.256 467 28.6 330.754

20 28 140.2 0.200 20.256 467 28 337.841

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

S e t t l i n g V e l o c i t y


Settling Velocity vs. the Limiting Concentration


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4% CaCO3

dZ dθ V

(cm/min)Co Zo Zi

C L (g/L)time (min)

0 475 3.8 125.000 41.036 475 475 41.036

2 435 4.8 90.625 41.036 475 435 44.809

4 294 6.6 44.545 41.036 475 294 66.300

6 150 13.5 11.111 41.036 475 150 129.947

8 100 30 3.333 41.036 475 100 194.921

10 92 37 2.486 41.036 475 92 211.871

12 90 40.74 2.209 41.036 475 90 216.579

14 79 44.75 1.765 41.036 475 79 246.735

16 75 45.4 1.652 41.036 475 75 259.895

18 70 49.75 1.407 41.036 475 70 278.459

20 40 58 0.690 41.036 475 40 487.303

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 100 200 300 400 500 600





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6% CaCO3

dZ dθ V

(cm/min)Co Zo Zi

C L (g/L)time (min)

0 460 6.5 70.769 62.361 460 460 62.361

2 445.9 9.5 46.937 62.361 460 445.9 64.333

4 410.45 10.75 38.181 62.361 460 410.45 69.889

6 343.28 12.75 26.924 62.361 460 343.28 83.565

8 257.46 19.4 13.271 62.361 460 257.46 111.419

10 242.54 21.25 11.414 62.361 460 242.54 118.274

12 203.4 25.25 8.055 62.361 460 203.4 141.033

14 160.45 34.25 4.685 62.361 460 160.45 178.785

16 123.13 64.5 1.909 62.361 460 123.13 232.974

18 115.67 73.5 1.574 62.361 460 115.67 247.999

20 111.94 78 1.435 62.361 460 111.94 256.263

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 50 100 150 200 250 300


Concentration (g/L)



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8% CaCO3

dZ dθ V

(cm/min)Co Zo Zi

C L (g/L)time (min)

0 464 18 25.778 84.253 464 464 84.253

2 462 20 23.100 84.253 464 462 84.618

4 460 20.2 22.772 84.253 464 460 84.986

6 450 20.9 21.531 84.253 464 450 86.874

8 440 21.2 20.755 84.253 464 440 88.849

10 392 25.5 15.373 84.253 464 392 99.728

12 349.5 31.4 11.131 84.253 464 349.5 111.855

14 325 34.2 9.503 84.253 464 325 120.287

16 319.5 36.2 8.826 84.253 464 319.5 122.358

18 285 40.6 7.020 84.253 464 285 137.170

20 265 44.2 5.995 84.253 464 265 147.522

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

70 85 100 115 130 145 160


Concentration (g/L)



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10% CaCO3

dZ dθ V

(cm/min)Co Zo Zi

C L (g/L)time (min)

0 462 22 21.000 106.735 462 462 106.735

2 461 25.3 18.221 106.735 462 461 106.967

4 445.83 31.6 14.109 106.735 462 445.8 110.614

6 442.4 32 13.825 106.735 462 444 111.062

8 432.3 35.1 12.316 106.735 462 432.3 114.068

10 429.17 36.7 11.694 106.735 462 429.2 114.892

12 412.5 39.7 10.390 106.735 462 412.5 119.543

14 400 43.2 9.259 106.735 462 400 123.279

16 391.6 46.2 8.476 106.735 462 391.6 125.923

18 383.3 49 7.822 106.735 462 383.3 128.650

20 375 54.2 6.919 106.735 462 375 131.498

0

5

10

15

20

25

100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135


Concentration (g/L)



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Table 2. Part B: The same powder concentration, different initial height

Time (min)4% Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) w/w

Height 1 Height 2 Height 3 Height 4 Height 5

0 234.0 323.0 423.0 498.0 593.0

2 130.0 189.0 250.0 30.0 48.0

4 48.0 77.0 107.0 170.0 266.06 29.0 54.0 77.0 108.0 142.0

8 26.5 47.0 65.5 88.0 112.0

10 23.5 43.0 60.0 77.0 98.0

12 22.5 41.0 56.5 73.0 89.0

14 21.5 38.5 54.0 69.0 85.0

16 21.0 37.0 52.0 66.0 81.0

18 20.5 36.0 50.0 64.0 78.0

20 20.5 35.0 48.0 62.0 76.0

24 hrs 20.0 31.0 40.0 48.0 57.0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 5 10 15 20

Part B. 4% CaCO3 Solution, different initial heights

height 1

height 2

height 3

height 4

height 5

H e i g h t o f t h e I n t e r f a c e

Time (minutes)


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Part B. Sample Computations:

Solving for the amount of CaCO3 added in every volume of solution:

For 500mL of 4% by weight CaCO3 solution,

Basis: 100g SolutionTherefore: g 4CaCO

3 and 96gOH2

mL

mL g

gCaCO96

71.2


Thus, for 500mL Solution

mL

xCaCO

mL

gCaCO

500476.97

4 33 ; g 518.20CaCO

3


mL

xCaCO

mL

gCaCO

700476.97

4 33 ; g 725.28CaCO

3


mL

xCaCO

mL

gCaCO

900476.97

4 33 ; g 932.36CaCO

3


mL xCaCO

mL gCaCO

700476.974 33 ; g 139.45CaCO

3


mL

xCaCO

mL

gCaCO

700476.97

4 33 ; g 346.53CaCO

3

Summarizing,

Volume of 4% CaCO3Solution (mL)

Initial Concentration of the Solution OC

L g 500 20.518

700 28.725

900 36.932

1100 45.139

1300 53.346


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2.a Solving for initial mass settling rate at time = 2min, using the equations 1, 2 & 3.

(Eqn.1) d

dZ V


(Eqn.3) V C J L

Volume of4% Sol’n

dZ dθ V

(cm/min)Co Zo Zi

C L (g/L)

J

500mL 224 5 44.80 20.518 234 224 21.434 960.24

700mL 300 5.2 57.69 28.725 323 300 30.927 1784.26

900mL 390 5.5 70.91 36.932 423 390 40.057 2840.41

1100mL 484.1 5.9 82.05 45.139 498 483.33 46.509 3816.11

1300mL 590 7.3 80.82 53.346 593 590 53.617 4333.45

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

I n i t i a l M a s s S e t t l i n g R a t e

Concentration (g/L)

Initial Mass Settling Rate vs. Concentration


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2.b Solving for settling velocity and the limiting concentration using the equations 1 & 2.

(Eqn.1) d

dZ V


500mL Sol’n

dZ dθ V

(cm/min)Co Zo Zi

C L (g/L)time (min)

0 234 3.8 61.58 20.518 234 234 20.52

2 224 5 44.80 20.518 234 224 21.43

4 128 6 21.33 20.518 234 128 37.51

6 52 12.6 4.13 20.518 234 52 92.33

8 46 19 2.42 20.518 234 46 104.37

10 40 28 1.43 20.518 234 40 120.03

12 32 47.6 0.67 20.518 234 32 150.04

14 28 70.8 0.40 20.518 234 28 171.47

16 25 90 0.28 20.518 234 25 192.05

18 24 112.7 0.21 20.518 234 24 200.05

20 22 125 0.18 20.518 234 22 218.24

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 50 100 150 200 250


Concentration (g/L)



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700mL Sol’n

dZ dθ V(cm/min)

Co Zo Zi C L

(g/L)time (min)

0 323 3.8 85.00 28.725 323 323 28.725

2 300 5 60.00 28.725 323 300 30.927

4 192 6.4 30.00 28.725 323 192 48.324

6 93 14.4 6.46 28.725 323 93 99.765

8 64 26 2.46 28.725 323 64 144.971

10 58 35.2 1.65 28.725 323 58 159.969

12 54 41.4 1.30 28.725 323 54 171.818

14 50 50 1.00 28.725 323 50 185.56416 48 69.4 0.69 28.725 323 48 193.295

18 46 89 0.52 28.725 323 46 201.699

20 44 121.4 0.36 28.725 323 44 210.868

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250


Concentration (g/L)



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900mL Sol’n

dZ dθ V(cm/min)

Co Zo Zi C L

(g/L)time (min)

0 423 2.75 153.818 36.932 423 423 36.932

2 390 5.5 70.909 36.932 423 390 40.057

4 250 7 35.714 36.932 423 250 62.489

6 128.3 14.75 8.698 36.932 423 128.3 121.763

8 93.3 25.375 3.677 36.932 423 93.3 167.441

10 81.7 36.125 2.262 36.932 423 81.7 191.215

12 73.3 46.5 1.576 36.932 423 73.3 213.127

14 70 61.25 1.143 36.932 423 70 223.17516 65 68.25 0.952 36.932 423 65 240.342

18 61.7 81.75 0.755 36.932 423 61.7 253.197

20 58.3 92.5 0.630 36.932 423 58.3 267.963

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 50 100 150 200 250 300


Concentration (g/L)



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1100mL Sol’n

dZ dθ V(cm/min)

Co Zo Zi C L

(g/L)time (min)

0 498 4.9 101.633 45.139 498 498 45.139

2 484.1 5.9 82.051 45.139 498 483.33 46.509

4 375 7 53.571 45.139 498 375 59.945

6 225 11.25 20.000 45.139 498 225 99.908

8 137.5 20.5 6.707 45.139 498 137.5 163.485

10 108.33 32 3.385 45.139 498 108.33 207.507

12 95 53 1.792 45.139 498 95 236.623

14 93.75 54.5 1.720 45.139 498 93.75 239.77816 87.5 66.5 1.316 45.139 498 87.5 256.905

18 81.25 86.25 0.942 45.139 498 81.25 276.667

20 80 88.5 0.904 45.139 498 80 280.990

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250 300


Concentration (g/L)



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1300mL Sol’n

dZ dθ V(cm/min)

Co Zo Zi C L

(g/L)time (min)

0 593 6.2 95.645 53.346 593 593 53.346

2 590 7.3 80.822 53.346 593 590 53.617

4 550 7.5 73.333 53.346 593 550 57.517

6 367 9.75 37.641 53.346 593 367 86.197

8 182 20.75 8.771 53.346 593 182 173.814

10 150 27.5 5.455 53.346 593 150 210.895

12 125 40.5 3.086 53.346 593 125 253.073

14 106.25 60.25 1.763 53.346 593 106.25 297.73316 103.13 67.25 1.534 53.346 593 103.13 306.741

18 100 75 1.333 53.346 593 100 316.342

20 95 86 1.105 53.346 593 95 332.991

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350


Concentration (g/L)


Documents

Expt 5 Prelim Report