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EXPRESSIONS
Expressions Responses
Asking for Permission Can I stay up until the end of
the program?(“can is the most informal”)
Could I pay by check? (“could” is generally used for formal and informal occasions)
May I borrow your pen?(“may” is a little more formal than “could”)
Do you mind if I leave the office earlier?
Would you mind if I take a day off tomorrow?
Giving PermissionYes, pleaseOf courseOKCertainly.Oh, never mindBy all means.SureIt doesn’t matter
1. Asking and Giving Permission
Giving Permission Refusing to give permission
“May/Can” is used for permission in the present or future time.
You may leave the office.He can take a day off
whenever he wants.“Might/Could is used for
past and conditional permission.He said we could leave.He said we might leave.
No, thank you.No, you may not.I’m sorry you can’t.No., thanks.You cannot.I’m afraid not.I’m sorry, I …Sorry.
Expressions Responses
Can you close the window?
Could you leave the door open, please?
Would you please give me a hand?
Would you mind going outside for a moment?
Would you mind not touching the TV?
Positive responses: Of course. OK/All right. Sure. Not at all. Certainly.
Negative responses: I am sorry I … Certainly not. Of course not.
2. Expressing Requests and Commands
Expressions Responses
Shall I open the window?
Would you like to try this new machine?
Would you like a cup of coffee?
Would you like to have something to drink?
Do you want something to eat?
Positive responsesYes, please.Yes, I’d love to.Thank you very much.Certainly.Negative responsesNo, thank you.No, thanks.I am sorry, I …
3. Offering something
Expressions Responses
Would you like to go with me tonight?
Shall we go to the library tomorrow?
Let’s have lunch. Why don’t we go together? How about watching “Eclipse”? What about asking your father
for help? What do you suggest to eat? What would you like to do
tonight? What shall we do tonight?
Positive responses: Yes, that’s a marvelous idea. That would be nice. That sounds good to me.
Negative responses: I don’t think so. No, I can’t. I don’t think I can. I don’t really feel like (going to the
cinema). I’d rather not, if you don’t mind. Well, I’m not sure. I don’t really
like that.
4. Making Suggestions
Expressions Responses
I don’t think you should do that job.
You ought to read more. You ought not to work so hard. If I were you, I don’t find another
job. If I were in your position, I’d take
a chance. If I were in your shoes, I’ d meet
my friend in Jakarta. You had better study hard. You shouldn’t spend a lot of money. Whatever you do, don’t work so
hard.
Positive responses: Yes, that’s a good idea. Yes, that’s a marvelous idea. That would be nice. That sound good to me.
Negative responses: I don’t think so. No, I can’t. I don’t think I can. I don’t really feel like (going to
cinema) I’d rather not, if you don’t mind. Well, I’m not sure, I don’t really like
it.
5. Giving Advice
Expressions Responses
What are you doing next Saturday?
We’re having a barbecue party. Would you like to come?
Are you free next Monday? Are you doing anything to
night? Would you be interested in
coming to the music concert with me tomorrow?
Do you fancy going out for a meal on the weekend?
Positive responses: I’d love to, thanks. That’s very kind of you, thanks. That sound lovely, thanks. What a great idea, thanks.
Negative responses: That’s very kind of you, but I’m doing
something else on Saturday. Well, I’d love to, but I’ve already gone
to the music concert. I’m really sorry, but I’ve got
something else to do. I really don’t think I can. I’m
supposed to be doing something else.
6. Making Invitations
Expressions Responses
I’m sorry I have to say this, but I think the air conditioning in my room doesn’t work properly.
I’m sorry to bother you, but I think there’s something wrong with my computer.
Maybe you forgot to give me my change. I think you might have forgotten to
repair my electricity. Excuse me if I’m out of line, but the
television in my room is broken. There may have been a
misunderstanding about the holiday plan.
I’m afraid I have to make a complaint. Some stuff has gone missing from my room.
When people apologize, they normally say “sorry” and offer to put situation right.
I’m sorry, I’ll get someone to check it for you.
Sorry to hear that, I’ll send someone up.
7. Complaining
Agreeing Disagreeing
I think you’re right.I agree with you.Strong AgreementI couldn’t agree
with you more.You’re absolutely
right.
I’m not sure I agree with you.
(I’m afraid) I don’t agree.
(I’m afraid) I disagree.(I’m afraid) I can’t
agree with you.(I’m afraid) I don’t
share your opinion.I don’t think so.
8. Expressing Agreement and Disagreement
Expressions
Excuse me, is there a post office around here?
Can you tell me how to get to the nearest market?
Where’s the ‘Santosa’ Bank?
How do I get to the hospital?
What’s the best way to the library/
Yes, there’s one across the street. Sorry, I don’t live around here. It’s on the corner of Veteran and
Gajah Mada Street. Just go along this street, turn right at
the first crossroad, the hospital is on your right, next to the library.
Go straight ahead (until you come to …)
Turn back/go back. Turn left/right. Go along … Cross …. Take the first/second road on the
left/right. It’s on the left/right.
9. Asking and Giving Directions
Responses
10. Conditional Sentences
Conditional Sentences Type IConditional sentences type I use a structure for
talking about possibilities in the present or in the
future. The pattern is: if + simple present, will
(future)• If I have a lot of money, I will go to Egypt.• If it’s sunny, we’ll go to the beach.• If you cook dinner, I’ll clean the house.
Conditional Sentences Type IIConditional sentences type II use a structure
used for talking about unreal situations in the present
or in the future. The pattern is: if + simple past,
conditional I (would + Infinitive)If I had a lot of money, I would go to Egypt. (Since I do not have a lot of money, I cannot go
to Egypt).• If I were you, I would buy that motorcycle.
Conditional Sentences Type IIIConditional sentences type III use a structure for talking about unreal situations in the past. In other words, it is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. The pattern: if + past perfect, conditional III ( would + have + past participle)• If I had had a lot of money, I would have gone to Egypt(but I didn’t have it, and so I didn’t go to Egypt)• If you had driven more carefully, you wouldn’t have had
an accident.• If I had known her address, I would have gone to her
house
11. Expressions of Making and Handling Reservations
Making a reservationI would like to reserve a single ticket to
Makasar.I would like to reserve a night flight to
Medan.I am going to book a double room this
weekend.Can I reserve a table for two for lunch?Could I make a reservation for my trip to Bali
next week?Can I book a train seat for tomorrow
morning?
Handling a ReservationYes, sir/madam. What sort of room do you
need?Certainly. When would you like to go, sir?I’m sorry to inform you that all our rooms
have been reserved.Sorry, I am afraid to inform you that all our
tables have been booked.
12. Expressions Dealing with the Telephone Conversation
In the BeginningFormalHello, it’s … (mention your name or the company
you’re working with). May I help you?Good morning/afternoon … (you name/the company
you’re working with). What can I do for you?InformalHello, it’s …(name), who is this?Hello, it’s …(name), is it …(name)?Hello, it’s …(name), is … (name) there?Hello, … (name) speaking.
In Handling Telephone CallsAni speaking. Can I help you?Who’s calling, please?This is Sari from Indonesia.Can I leave a message?I am sorry, the line is busy.Can I have your number?Can I speak to Mr. Brown, please?Just a moment, please.Do you want to hold on or call back later?Can you ask him to call me back?Can I take a message?
In the EndNice talking to you.Thank you for calling.Bye.May I call you later?Yes, sure. Bye.Sure. Bye.
13. Expressions Used in Handling Guests
In General Can I help you? What can I do for you, madam/sir? Would you like me to … ? Please sit down.
In a hotel Welcome to our hotel. I am sure you will enjoy your stay here. We have some facilities for our guests. What sort of room do you need? Which room do you prefer, a single or double bed? I am sorry, all our rooms are booked. We have no vacant rooms at all.
In a restaurantWelcome to our restaurant.I hope you enjoy the food.We have a special menu today.What would you like to order?What kind of food do you like?How about a drink?Would you like something for dessert?
In a travel agencyWe have some tour programs to Bali.Please report to us an hour before your
departure.We have special package tour for the next
holiday.What sort of ticket do you need?Which ticket do you prefer, a single or round
trip?What seat would you like, an economy or
exccutive one?
14. Talking about Comparison
The comparative from of adjective is used to compare two things.
A car is fast. It’s faster than a bicycle. Your garden is beautiful. It’s more beautiful
than mine.One syllable adjectives and two syllables
adjectives that end with “-y” use “-er” in the comparative form.
• Big – bigger, old – older, pretty – prettier, happy - happier
Most other two syllables adjectives and adjective s of three or more syllables don’t use”-er” in the comparative form. They use”-more”.
Beautiful – more beautiful, comfortable – more comfortable, difficult – more difficult, interesting – more interesting
When two things are compared to a group of three or more things, superlative form of adjectives is used.
• Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
• This is the most expensive computer in the store.
A superlative adjective is always preceded by the.
• One syllable adjectives and adjectives that end with”-y” use”-est” in the superlative form.
• High –the highest, old-the oldest, shiny-the shiniest, easy-the easiest
Most other two syllables adjectives and adjectives of three or more syllables don’t use”-est”. They use “most” in the superlative form.
• Expensive-the most expensive, delicious-the most delicious, boring-the most boring.