Slide 1Read the Following Passage
Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella.
She lived with her step mother and two step sisters.
The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad
tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother
made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as
scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the
food for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did
not work about the house. Their mother gave them many
handsome dresses to wear.
One day, the two step sisters received an invitation to the
ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were
excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses
they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went
the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had
left.
A penguin is a bird.
All birds have feathers. Penguins have more feathers than most other
birds— nearly 11 feathers per square centimeter(about 71 feathers per
square inch). Penguins preen their feathers to keep them in good
condition, so that they keep water away from their skin. A penguin
preens with its bill. A gland near the base of the tail secretes oil that a
penguin distributes throughout its feathers. A fine down covers most
newly hatched chicks. Down feathers are not waterproof. Adult
waterproof feathers grow in after several weeks or months.
Penguins “fly” only under water.
While many birds are lightweight so they can fly, penguins are heavy so
they can swim and dive for food. A penguin’s wings are modified into
paddle like flippers. Although these flippers can’t get a penguin off the
ground, they’re great for swimming. Webbed feet help a penguin steer
as it swims.
many differences between
can.
Why is it Important For
Readers to Recognize
and Understand Text
You will be given
one minute to study
the picture on the
picture on the next slide.
Then you will have one minute to reproduce
it.
Ready,
Memorize!
do With Reading?
Or Text Structures?
The better a
expository text!!
structures. This booklet will become your study guide.
Chronological
Put on
Does not take place at any specific point in time.
Teacher Model
Deviled Eggs
mayonnaise, mustard powder, vinegar,
mixture and sprinkle lightly with paprika.
Cover lightly with plastic wrap and
refrigerate for up to one day before
serving.
Shared with Teacher HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE
1. Plug in the lamp. 2. Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide. 3. Adjust the mirror so it reflects light from the room up into the objective lens. 4. Place your slide with the specimen directly over the center of the glass circle on the stage. 5. With the LOW POWER objective lens placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob. 6. Look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing the other eye. 7. Use the fine focus knob to fine
Sequencing- Chronological
Chrono = time Logic = order
a pail of water.
Guided with Partner
then worked on his science project,
and saved his reading assignment
for last. When he was finished
reading, he closed the book, turned
off the lamp on his desk, and went
to bed.
Aztec Indians in Mexico. Aztec people, especially
the kings, enjoyed a drink they called “chocolati,”
the original hot chocolate. After visiting Mexico in
1519, the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez
brought chocolate back to Spain for the Spanish
royal families to enjoy. Hundreds of years later,
chocolate was made and sold in stores in Europe.
Today the sweet, rich, treat is enjoyed around the
world.
On Your Own Decorating a window with a painted scene from nature might be of
interest to you. If you like to see nature outside your window, but you
don’t have a scene of real nature, you may want to try this idea. Before
you begin, be sure to ask your parents if it is okay. The first plan you
should have is to locate a paintbrush and powder paints in the colors
that you enjoy. When you have your supplies, mix the paints, place
newspaper on your windowsill, and make sure your window is clean.
On the inside of your window, it is important to do your decorating
because rain may wash away outdoor painting. Use your imagination
and begin painting a scene from nature on your window. A sun, grass,
trees, and flowers are good things to paint. If you have a big window
you may want to paint other things. Painting people, balloons, and
playground equipment on a window might be a fun idea. When you are
finished, stand back and look at your decorated window. If you like the
results, share the idea of window painting with someone else.
Add Chronological Pages to
Or explains the effects of something.
Not feeding it.
Not petting it.
Not loving it.
Movies in 60’s
students fail because the work is too hard
for them. Other times they may fail
because they are lazy, and don’t do any
work. Another reason why students may
fail is if they don’t go to school. If you’re
not in class you may miss a lot. Many
students fail classes every quarter.
Shared with Teacher
The Lazy Student
go to school. His mom took him anyway.
So, he went to school, but he didn’t do any
work. The days passed, and Tim still
didn’t do any work. Mr. Morton called
Tim’s house, but Tim still wouldn’t do any
work. Finally the report cards came out,
and Tim failed his classes. Tim was sad.
Guided with a Partner Fewer Toads
Though toads are still around, they no longer
are as common in some areas as they were a
few decades ago. The growing use of
insecticides has reduced their numbers. The
chemical sprays usually do not harm toads, but
cut down the animals’ food supply. Thereby, the
toads do not have enough food to survive.
There are fewer toads in many areas populated
by humans.
On Your Own
Every spring, shortly after the tulips bloom, farmers in Holland go through the tulip fields and cut the blooms off the tulips. This seems strange, because it leaves a field full of green stems. However, it makes the colorful tulip blooms grow back even bigger and stronger later that spring.
Add Cause/Effect Pages to
Chronological or Cause and
Effect? • 1. Since I did not do all of my homework
last night, I had to complete it during my
brain break.
completed my homework. Afterwards, I
had time to watch television.
Compare and Contrast
Shows what’s in common and what’s different.
Apples &
Oranges
Fruits
circus clowns—whiteface, august and character. Each has a
specific makeup style and costume. Each has a typical act as
well.
The neat whiteface is usually a strict, in-charge
character who sets up the punch line for the joke with a partner
His facial features are neatly detailed in red or black.
Circus legend has it that the august clown got his name
from a German nickname for someone who is clumsy. The
august wears light-colored makeup, but white is used around
the mouth and eyes, and there’s a big red nose. This clown
performs a great deal of slapstick humor.
Character clowns perform as different personalities—
cowboys, scarecrows, grandmothers or symphony conductors.
The most famous character clown, however, is the tramp.
Tramps wear different styles of makeup and costumes that are
torn or shabby. Some tramp clowns are happy-go-lucky. Others
are extremely sad. Still others act like gentlemen who just
happen to be out of money.
Guided with a Partner
Although both cities have experienced great tragedies, Greensburg is very different from New York City. There are no tall skyscrapers in Greensburg. All you can see are fields and sky. Instead of taxicab horns and fire truck sirens, it is so quiet at night that you can hear the crickets chirping.
On Your Own
Sports at Ericson
Ericson, basketball and volleyball. Both
take place inside of the gym at Ericson.
Also, each sport has two teams of people.
In basketball, however, the ball can be
played off of the floor, and in volleyball, the
ball cannot touch the floor or it is out of
play. Basketball and volleyball are popular
sports at Ericson.
Similar to cause and effect.
Missing
Books
But there is a solution.
Turn to page 20 in your Nonfiction Booklets to see an
example of a text that uses the problem and solution text
structure.
Dr. Knapp doesn’t want people to sit back and
let the toad vanish. He believes that everyone is
responsible for restoring the toad species. Dr.
Knapp thinks we could help restore the toad
population if we stop mowing parts of our lawns and
let the grass grow wild to reserve space for the toad.
He also believes we need to stop using pesticides
and fertilizers. The chemicals kill the insects that
toads eat. If we preserve some spaces in our lawns
and stop using fertilizers, Dr. Knapp believes we can
save the toads.
Guided with a Partner
For many years, Mrs. Jacobs wanted to grow a vegetable garden, but she did not have enough room for a garden. Her house sat on a small piece of land, just barely big enough for the house and porch. She collected empty plastic jugs, such as from milk and large containers of snack food. She put small holes in the bottom, filled them with dirt, and planted seeds. After weeks of watering, the plants started to grow. Now she has tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, and broccoli growing on her porch.
On Your Own
classes. These students wouldn’t be
failing classes if they studied more, asked
questions, tried harder, and came in for
extra help. Even though a lot of students
fail classes, they have many options if they
want to pass.
Compare and Contrast or
Problem and Solution? • Every time I don’t do my homework, I have
to lose my brain break. I think I’ll start
having my older brother bother me about
my homework every night to make sure I
complete it.
homework. I get my math homework done
quickly, and I relax and take my time doing
my reading homework.
Teacher Model
The music was blasting so loud, Marco thought his ears would burst. The stage was filled with bright blue laser beams and a shower of yellow and green paper streamers. All around him, the crowd was singing and dancing wildly.
Guided with a Partner
water, its long, S-shaped neck and pointed bill poised to
strike an unsuspecting fish or frog, that person is 5 most
likely looking at North America’s largest heron, the great
blue heron. Growing to a height of four feet and having a
wingspan of up to six feet, this majestic wading bird is
easy to distinguish from other birds. Its body is covered
primarily with grayish-blue feathers. However, its neck is
brown; its thighs are tinted reddish-brown; its throat is
white; and the crown of its head is covered with striking
bluish-black feathers. The great blue heron has a yellow
bill and pale brown legs.
Add Descriptive Booklet Pages
Which text structure are these? • Wolves are mysterious creatures. Much of
their population disappeared at once. It is
amazing how their brownish coats of fur
help camouflage them. Description
several years ago. Luckily, workers in
national parks and forests helped some
escape to safety so that their population
could grow again. Problem/Solution
because of overhunting in their habitats. Cause/effect
Which one is it? (Group) Studies show that many Americans are not getting the correct amount
of sleep. Many people do not receive enough sleep because they try to
do too many things during the day. Lack of sleep makes people feel
tired and cranky during the day, but it can also be dangerous. Not
getting enough sleep can lead to dizziness, accidents, overeating, and
poor performance in school and work.
Old maps are alike and different from maps made today. As the world
keeps changing, our maps change too. One 4000 yearold map is
made of clay in different colors. It has symbols that stand for rivers,
mountains and city gates. Another old map from 1866 shows the United
States. Hawaii and Alaska are not on it. The map was made before
they became states. Long ago, people made maps as they walked.
They drew each tiny bend along the path. Now, pictures from space
satellites give a clear view of the land and water. Infrared maps from
satellites use color to show hills and valleys on Mars. Maps show us
where we have been and how far we have come.
Cause & Effect
Which one is it? (Independent)
• All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and physically.
Both chemical and physical changes affect the state of matter. Physical
changes are those that do not change the make-up or identity of the matter.
For example, clay will bend or flatten if squeezed, but it will still be clay.
Changing the shape of clay is a physical change, and does not change the
matter’s identify. Chemical changes turn the matter into a new kind of
matter with different properties. For example, when paper is burnt, it
becomes ash and will never be paper again. The difference between them
is that physical changes are temporary or only last for a little while, and
chemical changes are permanent, which means they last forever. Physical
and chemical changes both affect the state of matter.
• In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's
population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First,
the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of
many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise
of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were
many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The
promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities
and move to the cities. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of
leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums.
For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on
the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural communities.
Identifying the MAIN Text Structure
• Expository text generally contains
text structures. Being able to
identify the MAIN text structure
provides readers the most help in
understanding the text.
1. Popular Sports
Football and baseball are two of the most popular sports in the country. They have many things in common. For one, they are both team sports, and they both require players to advance to an end or “home” point on the playing field. However, football requires players to carry the ball to the end zone, whereas in baseball, it is the defending team that controls the ball while it is in play.
2. The Magic Blanket One day while walking home from school,
he found a magic blanket. When he covered himself with it, he turned invisible. At first he used his power to play all kinds of tricks on people. He’d turn invisible and hide things, or move a cup when someone was pouring juice to make a mess. He had a lot of fun. But then one day, he found that he couldn’t take the blanket off. He was just stuck invisible. He quit playing tricks on people, hoping that he’d be able to take the blanket off and rejoin society, but it didn’t work. He is still invisible somewhere right now, and he is very lonely.
3. Studying for a Test Believe it or not, as important as it is,
many students do not know how to study for a test. Well, studying for a test is easy. The first thing that you must do is take out your notes. Open your notes up to the section that you are supposed to review. Read what you wrote in your notebook. When you are done, close your notebook and see if you remember the ideas that you were studying. Still don’t remember? Open your notebook back up a try again.
4. Low Test Scores
Many students have been getting low scores on tests and this is upsetting to parents, teachers, and students. Low test scores show that teachers aren’t teaching effectively or that students aren’t learning. Either way it’s an issue with which we are concerned. I propose the following: any teacher who is giving a test should open up their classroom for study groups the night and morning before the test. Maybe by giving students extra opportunities to study, we can improve students’ test scores.
5. Peanut Butter and Jelly
After a long day at school, I came
home and watched “Cops,” my favorite
show. During the commercial breaks, I got
up and made a peanut butter and jelly
sandwich. I took the bread out of the
cabinet, spread the jelly and peanut butter
on the bread, and stuck the two pieces
together. I enjoyed that sandwich as I
watched the rest of “Cops.”
6. The Gym Room
The gym room at the high school down the street from me is huge. Along the North and South walls are bleachers that fold up during gym. Coach pulls the bleachers out for big games. At the end of the East and West walls are basketball hoops. The ceilings are very high and at the top of the gym are many large windows. The windows go all the way around the gym. There are also ropes that are either tucked away or hang from the ceilings in the middle of the gym. The ropes intimidate some students. That gym is my favorite place.
7. Eligibility Being involved in after school sports and
clubs is not a right. It is a privilege. Therefore, students have to meet eligibility requirements. If students have any “D”s or “F”s, they are not allowed to play. Also, if students have behavior issues in class, they cannot be on the team or in the club. Lastly, students need to keep good attendance. If students miss school, they most certainly cannot come to practice. Being on a team is a lot of responsibility. If students are not proving to be responsible, they will not be permitted to be in clubs or teams.
Answers
4. Problem and solution
-By Kathryn R. Satterfield
Polar bears thrive in environments too harsh for most animals. For much of the
year, they live and hunt on the frozen Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared them
for the harsh conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that
threatens the only home they know.
The polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that the permanent polar ice has
declined by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Scientists blame global warming for
the shrinking polar ice. They say that climate change is harming polar bear
populations.
Two weeks ago, the U.S. Department of the Interior said that it was taking steps
to list the polar bear as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act.
The action came on the heels of a World Conservation Union decision to move
polar bears to threatened status on its Red List of Threatened Species. The
World Conservation Union warns that polar bear populations could fall by 30%
over the next 45 years.
A Bear of a Problem
Scientists estimate that 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. They
are spread across five countries. Approximately 4,700 of the bears live in the
U.S., within Alaskan waters.
Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their survival. Seals, their main prey,
breed on the ice. “The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears
walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, a scientist who studies North American
polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist.”
Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world,
these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt. Normally, they have
three months in the spring when they pack on the pounds. The extra fat is
used later, when the bears are not actively hunting. Pregnant females depend
on this stored fat to nourish their cubs.
Since the early 1990s, scientists have seen a drop in polar bears’ body
weight. Fewer cubs are being born, and fewer survive. In Canada’s Western
Hudson Bay, the polar bear population dropped 22% from 1987 to 2004.
To Protect and Save
The Department of the Interior has ayear to make its final decision. If the bears
gain threatened status, the department will work with businesses and
international officials to set strict rules to protect the bear and spur its recovery.
The polar bear’s plight may seem distant to some. But Derocher told TFK that it is
up to this generation to stop global warming and its dire consequences. He urges
kids to think about what they can do to help the environment. Even simple
steps— turning off the lights, walking instead of riding in a car—can really make a
difference. “I’m optimistic about humans’ ability to deal with this,” he says.
More Trouble Ahead?
Global warming is pushing many species toward extinction. Here are some animals that especially
worry scientists.
Butterflies
Researchers have tracked how the ranges of many butterflies are shifting and, in many, cases,
shrinking. In the U.S., scientists are studying the movements of the butterfly known as Edith’s
Checkerspot. Though butterflies are sturdier than they look, scientists believe many species will nto
survive the impact of climate change.
Red-Breasted Goose
More than two dozen bird species – including this goose, which breeds in the Arctic – are officially
threatened by global warming. Half are seabirds whose food supplies are smaller because of climate
change. Other coastal species are at risk because of rising sea levels.
African Elephant
Global warming threatens to shrink the elephant’s range in Africa. Climate change also affects its food
supply.
http://blogs.scholastic.com/files/text-structure-slideshow.pdf
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*None of the slides in this slideshow were created by the teachers at St. Rose Elementary School in St. Rose, Louisiana.