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Exploring the use of mobile phones during domes4c tourism trips Maarten Vanhoof Orange Labs/Newcastle University [email protected] @Me4 Hoof MaartenVanhoof.com

Exploring*the*use*of*mobile*phones* during*domes4c ...€¦ · Context • Mobile!phone!datahas!successfully!been!used!for!! • Populaon!density!esUmaon!(Deville!etal.!2014)! •

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Page 1: Exploring*the*use*of*mobile*phones* during*domes4c ...€¦ · Context • Mobile!phone!datahas!successfully!been!used!for!! • Populaon!density!esUmaon!(Deville!etal.!2014)! •

Exploring  the  use  of  mobile  phones  during  domes4c  tourism  trips

 Maarten  Vanhoof  

Orange  Labs/Newcastle  University    

[email protected]  @Me4  Hoof  

MaartenVanhoof.com    

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Together  with

Liane  Hendrickx  (KU  Leuven,  BE)  Gert  Verstraeten  (KU  Leuven,  BE)  

Aare  Puussaar  (Newcastle  University,  UK)  Thomas  Plötz  (Newcastle  University  (UK)  

Maxim  Janzen  (ETH  Zürich)  Zbigniew  Smoreda  (Orange  Labs,  FR)  

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Mobile  Phone  Data  (Call  Detail  Records  -­‐CDR)

Orange  dataset  25  million  unique  uUlisateurs  13  mai  –  14  october  2007  (153  days)  Metadata  

•  Caller  (phone)  •  Called  phone  •  Timestamp  •  Type  of  event  •  DuraUon  of  call/Length  of  text  •  LocaUon  of  celltower  

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Mobile  Phone  Data  (Call  Detail  Records)

Toole et al. (2015) Coupling Human Mobilities and Social Ties.

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Context

•  Mobile  phone  data  has  successfully  been  used  for    •  PopulaUon  density  esUmaUon  (Deville  et  al.  2014)  •  DelineaUon  of  territory  (Sobolevsky  et  al.  2013)    •  Movement  tracking  (Chen  et  al.  2014)  •  TransportaUon  models  (Liu  et  al.  2014)  •  …  

•  In  mobility/tourism  research  •  Deriving  seasonality  of  foreign  tourists’  space  consumpUon  (Ahas  et  al.  2007)  •  SegmenUng  unique  and  repeat  visitors  (Kuusik  2011)  •  EvaluaUon  of  travel  distances  for  event  visitors  (Nilbe  et  al.  2014)  •  DetecUng  tourism  desUnaUons  (Raun  2015)  •  ExtracUng  magnitudes  of  long-­‐distance  travel  (Janzen  et  al.  2016)  

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Context

Advantages:  •  Huge  samples  (millions  of  users)  •  Passive  locaUon  detecUon  (so  no  respondent  faUgue)  •  Long  and  conUnuous  observaUon  periods  (typically  several  months)  

OpportuniUes:  •  To  invesUgate  specific  types  of  acUviUes  compared  to  baseline  behaviour  •  E.g.  tourism  travel  vs.  daily  rouUne  mobility  

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Context

Disadvantages:  •  Temporal  and  spaUal  resoluUon  of  observaUon  is  dependent  on  user’s  phone  acUvity    •  Purely  technical  annotaUon:  no  informaUon  on  acUvity,  context,..    •  Impossible  (yet?)  to  have  proper  validaUon  data  on  all  aspects  of  mobility  

Challenges  •  Type  of  trip  detecUon  •  Purpose  imputaUon  •  Social  context  derivaUon  •  …  

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Research  ques4on(s)

Is  it  possible  to  disUnguish  just  one  ‘type  of  mobility’:  domes&c  tourism  trips          

from  CDR  data?        

Bell  and  Ward,  2000;  Hall,  2003,  2005  

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Research  ques4on(s)

1.  Is  it  possible  to  disUnguish  just  one  ‘type  of  mobility’:  domes&c  tourism  trips  from  CDR  data?    2.  Given  that  no  validaUon  dataset  is  available;  how  plausible  are  temporal  and  spaUal  pakerns  of  the  detected  domesUc  tourism  trips?      3.  Can  we  link  types  of  mobility  with  acUvaUon  of  social  networks?      

 

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Methodology

Home  detecUon   Usual  environment  definiUon  

Long  distance  tour  construcUon  

DomesUc  tourism  trip  detecUon  

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Methodology

Home  detecUon   Usual  environment  definiUon  

Long  distance  tour  construcUon  

DomesUc  tourism  trip  detecUon  

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Extrac4ng  long-­‐distance  trips  from  CDR  data

Janzen,  Vanhoof  et  al.  (forthcoming)  Closer  to  the  total?  Long-­‐distance  travel  of  French  Mobile  Phone  users      

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Extrac4ng  long-­‐distance  trips  from  CDR  data

Janzen,  Vanhoof  et  al.  (forthcoming)  Closer  to  the  total?  Long-­‐distance  travel  of  French  Mobile  Phone  users      

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Extrac4ng  long-­‐distance  trips  from  CDR  data

Janzen,  Vanhoof  et  al.  (forthcoming)  Closer  to  the  total?  Long-­‐distance  travel  of  French  Mobile  Phone  users      

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Extrac4ng  long-­‐distance  trips  from  CDR  data

Janzen,  Vanhoof  et  al.  (forthcoming)  Closer  to  the  total?  Long-­‐distance  travel  of  French  Mobile  Phone  users      

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Methodology

Home  detecUon   Usual  environment  definiUon  

Long  distance  tour  construcUon  

DomesUc  tourism  trip  detecUon  

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Simple  heuris4cs  for  defining  domes4c  tourism  trips

1.  DuraUon  between  7  and  15  days.    

Bell  and  Ward,  2000;  Hall,  2003,  2005  

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Limita4on  of  dura4on  between  7  and  15  days

DomesUc  Tourism  

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Simple  heuris4cs  for  defining  domes4c  tourism  trips

1.  DuraUon  between  7  and  15  days  2.  LimitaUon  of  start-­‐date  to  July  

and  August  

ENTD  survey  (2008)    

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Limita4on  of  start-­‐date  to  July  and  August

DomesUc  Tourism  

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Results:  Inves4ga4ng  domes4c  tourism  trips

1.  General  properUes  2.  Temporal  properUes  3.  SpaUal  properUes  4.  Social  network  characterisUcs  

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General  proper4es

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Temporal  proper4es

DomesUc  Tourism  

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Do  people  call  more  during  DDT?  

DomesUc  Tourism  

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Do  people  call  at  different  days  during  DTT?

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Do  people  call  at  different  hours  during  DDT?  

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Spa4al  proper4es  

1.  DesUnaUon  detecUon  by  DCR  algorithm  2.  Expert  evaluaUon  3.  SpaUal  pakerns  of  domesUc  tourism  in  France  

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Des4na4on  detec4on  of  domes4c  tourism  trips

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Expert  valida4on

! !IF!DESTINATIONS!ARE!FOUND! IF!NO!DESTINATIONS!ARE!FOUND!

distinct'days''ratio!

number'of'calls'ratio!

%'correct! %'wrong! %'dubious! %''correct! %'wrong!

0.3! 0.1! 89.0%! 4.9%! 6.1%! 94.4%! 5.6%!

!0.2! 86.2%! 6.2%! 7.7%! 82.9%! 17.1%!

0.4! 0.1! 95.7%! 1.4%! 2.9%! 64.5%! 35.5%!

! 0.2! 86.6%! 10.4%! 3.0%! 63.6%! 36.4%!0.5! 0.1! 88.0%! 10.0%! 2.0%! 66.0%! 34.0%!

!

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Spa4al  paRerns  

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Spa4al  paRerns  

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Social  network  characteris4cs  (one  user)

Describing  social  network  acUvaUon  during  different  phases  of  mobility  -­‐  By  means  of  standard  network  measures  -­‐  By  invesUgaUng  the  changing  social  pakerns    

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Standard  network  measures

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Changing  calling  paRerns

Calls  per  person  in  the  social  network  

Durin

g  do

mesUc  to

urism

 trips  

During  ‘normal’  days  

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Conclusion •  ExtracUng  long  distance  trips  from  CDR  data  seems  plausible,  even  shows  underesUmaUon  by  surveys  •  Simple  heurisUcs  can  be  applied  to  long  distance  trips  to  define  ‘domesUc  tourism  trips’  •  The  detected  domesUc  tourism  trips  are  not  exhausUve  but:    

•  Temporal  properUes  are  plausible  (higher  amount  of  DDT’s  during  summer)  and  call  behaviour  differs  from  baseline  behaviour  (less  acUviUes  on  cellphone,  different  weekly  and  hourly  pakerns  of  calls)  

•  SpaUal  pakerns  of  DDT  can  be  discovered  by  means  of  a  simple  desUnaUon  detecUon  algorithm  parameterized  by  expert  validaUon.  SpaUal  pakerns  seem  plausible  with  coast  and  mountainous  areas  as  main  desUnaUon,  and  ciUes  a  clear  second.    

•  There  is  potenUal  to  study  changing  social  behaviour  during  different  phases  of  mobility.  This  was  showcased  by  means  of  analysis  for  one  person,  but  needs  more  work  to  scale  up  to  larger  populaUons.  

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Thank  you,

The  end.  

 [email protected]  

@Me4  Hoof  

MaartenVanhoof.com