Upload
yana
View
26
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
EXPLORING GERUNDS WITH D O R A. Energizer:. IDENTIFY THE POSITION OF THE FOLLOWING GERUNDS. 1. TRAVELING WITH FRIENDS IS A GREAT JOY. SUBJECT. T.V. 2. MEYER ENJOYS READING GOOD STORIES. DIRECT OBJECT. 3. Francis jeri-cho’s favorite pastime is eating. PREDICATE NOMINATIVE. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
EXPLORING
GERUNDS WITH
DORA
ENERGIZER:IDENTIFY THE POSITION OF THE FOLLOWING GERUNDS.
1. TRAVELING WITH FRIENDS IS A GREAT JOY.SUBJECT
2.MEYER ENJOYS READING GOOD
STORIES.DIRECT OBJECT
T.V.
3. FRANCIS JERI-CHO’S FAVORITE PASTIME IS EATING.PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
4. JOSHUA BEGAN BY SPEAKING TO THE LEADER OF THE GROUP.OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION
5. MY ASSIGNED TASK, TEACHING STUDENTS, KEPT ME BUSY.APPOSITIVE
6. LOVING IS GIVING.
PRED. NOM.
7.ON THEIR TRIP RUTHERFORD DISCOVERED SNORKELING.DIRECT OBJECT
T.V.
8.ANGELO ROGEL’S ALIBI GIVES TESTIFYING A NEW LIGHT.INDIRECT OBJ.
T.V.
D.O.
9. AFTER THREE HOURS, SHEKAI-NAH WAS TIRED OF STUDYING.OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION
10. DALTON HAS A NEW HOBBY, SOLVING.APPOSITIVE
LESSON PROPER:
OVERVIEW
function as a noun, adjective and adverb.
VERBALS
a form of a verb ending in "-ing" used as a noun, e.g. "dancing" in “He teaches dancing.“
VERBALS
The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being.
However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occu-pies some posi-tions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would,
for example: subject, D.O., I.O., subject complement, and object of preposition.
I AM WALKING
HOME.VERB
ELLA,WALKING HOME, SAW AN OWL.PARTICIPLE
WALKING CAN BE FUN.GERUND(SUBJ.)
(SUBJECT)
VERB, PARTICIPLE OR GERUND?
WORDS ENDING IN –ING THAT ACT AS A NOUN, DO NOT HAVE HELPING VERBS NOR ACT AS ADJECTIVE IS A GERUND.
FORMING GERUNDS
There are a few spelling rules that you need to know in order to form gerunds correctly. The spelling of a gerund depends on the vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and consonants (b, c, d etc.) at the end of the verb:
If there is more than one conso-nant, just add -ING:
think + ing = thinking
If there is more than one vowel, just add -ING:
beat + ing = beating
If there is one vowel and one consonant,and the syllable is stressed, double the consonant and add -ING:
hit + t + ing = hitting
If there are one or more consonants and E, remove the E and add -ING:
take + ing = taking
In most other cases, just add -ING:
study + ing = studying
see + ing = seeing
USES OF GERUNDS
1. AS SUBJECTGerunds —referring to activities
EX. Trading on eBay is another way of buying and selling things.
2. AS DIRECT OBJECT:Gerunds - expressing attitudes about activities.
•DIRECT OBJECTword affected by verb: the word or phrase in a sentence that indicates somebody or something directly affected by the action of the verb,e.g."cat" in “She fed the cat.“
EX1. Janus enjoys playing soccer. EX2. Are you afraid of losing?
T.V.
T.V.
3. AS OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITIONEX1. Aldrin worries about making deadlines.
2.He talks about leaving.
3.He accused us of complaining.
4.He keeps on making trouble.
4. AFTER INDIRECT OBJECTS
Gerunds - expressing gratitude, apology, disappointment and opinion about other people's activities.
•INDIRECT OBJECTperson or thing action is done to: the recipient of the action shown by a verb and its direct object, e.g. "the cat" in "She gave the cat a meal”.
INDIRECT OBJECT ANSWERS:
TO/FOR WHOM?FOR WHAT?
•BOUGHT FOR WHOM? = PARENTS
JOSHUA BOUGHT HIS PARENTS A PRESENT.
(T.VERB)
(D.O)
•AFTER CERTAIN VERBS INDIRECT OBJECTS ARE EXPRESSED AS:
1. I thanked him for fixing my door.
2. I appreciate his fixing my door.
5. AS INDIRECT OBJECTS
1. MARISTELLA PERCIEVE READING AS WASTE OF TIME.
2. JEWEL GAVE SOLVING A NEW PERSPECTIVE.
6. AS SUBJECT COMPLEMENT:
1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping.
2. Ellaine’s ambition is becoming the first junior grandmaster.
3. ONE GREAT EXERCISE IS BIKING.
4. THE PURPOSE OF ORAL RECITATION IS DEVELOPING COMMUNI-CATION SKILLS AMONG JUNIOR STUDENTS.
7. AS APPOSITIVE1. ARRIANNE HAS A NEW FOUND GLORY, SURFING.
2. DIANA RIZZ’S WISH, TRAVELLING ABROAD, WAS REALIZED AFTER GRADUATION.
3. ABIGAIL’S MAIN OBJECTIVE, HELPING HER FAILING CLASSMATE, IS A FORM OF CHARITY.
4. KARINAZAY’S DREAM, ENTERING U.P. , MATERIA-LIZED WHEN SHE PASSED THE UPCAT.
GERUND PHRASEA Gerund Phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier
and/or pronoun or noun phrase that function as the direct object, indirect object, or complement of the action or state expressed in the gerund.
A. THE GERUND PHRASE
FUNCTIONS AS THE SUBJECT OF THE
SENTENCE.
Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than finding the value of N.
Finding - gerunda needle - direct object of action expressed in gerund
in a haystack – prepo-sitional phrase as adverb
B. AS THE DIRECT
OBJECT OF THE VERB
I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity.
my - possessive pro-noun adjective form,
offering - gerundyou -indirect object this opportunity -direct object
C. AS THE SUBJECT
COMPLEMENT OF NOUN
oBeing the boss made Ryner feel uneasy.
Being -gerundthe boss -subject complement for Ryner , via state of being expressed in gerund.
Lester's favorite tactic has been lying to his consti-tuents.
lying to-gerund
His constituents -direct object
D. AS THE OBJECT OF
THE PREPOSITION
Ryan might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.
faking -gerundan illness -direct object to avoid work – in-finitive phrase as adverb
OTHER USES of gerunds
BY - MEANSGerunds —stating means
How?with a knifeby using a knife
Q: How do you stay in shape?
A: Rockwell stays in shape by working out.
FOR - FUNCTIONSGerunds — stating function, purpose and means
What for?to cut (purpose)for cutting (function)
Q: What's it for? A: for tying boxes.Q: How do you close boxes?
A: by using string.
•Points to remember:1. A gerund is a verbal ending in-ing that is used as a noun.
2. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifiers, objects, and/or complements.
3. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation.
GRAMMAR DRILLS:IDENTIFY THE USES OF THE FF. GERUNDS
1. PERFORMING A SPEECH IS A RE-QUIREMENT FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING.SUBJECT
3.AT THE AGE OF ONE ANGELICA BEGAN WALKING.DIRECT OBJECT
(T.VERB)
4.SMOKING IS DANGEROUS FOR YOUR HEALTH.SUBJECT
5.ON SUMMER NIGHTS, THE FAMILY ENJOYS PICKNICKING.DIRECT OBJECT
(T.VERB)
6. ONE OF ALEXIS’ PA SSION IS PAINTING.PREDICATE NOM.
7. MERI MAE’S MAIN PASTIME, CHATTING, PRE-VENTS BOREDOM.APPOSITIVE
8. VINCE CONSI-DER HIS PASSING A BIRTHDAY PRESENT.INDIRECT OBJECT
(D.O.)
(T.VERB)(I.O.)
9. STEPHANIE LOVED EXCITE-MENT AND HUNTING.DIRECT OBJECT
(T.VERB)
10.WILHELM GAVE HIS DRAWING A FRESH COAT OF PAINT.INDIRECT OBJECT
(D.O.
)
(T.VER
B)(I.O.)
11. TRICIA’S PARENTS FOR- BADE SHOUTING IN THE HOUSE.
DIRECT OBJECT
(T.VER
B)
12.JOSEF GAVE HIS FOLLIES AND FAILING A LAST GLANCE.INDIRECT OBJECT
(D.O)
(T.V
)
(I.O.)
13. THE LOUD IRREGULAR SNORING ANNOYED JHOANNA.SUBJECT
14. GERLAN’S INDULGENCE WAS SHOWERING LEISURELY.PREDICATE NOM.
15. NO ONE ENJOYS LOSING.
DIRECT OBJECT
(T.VERB)
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE USING
GERUND.
ACTIVITY 2.
YOUR RESPONSE:What's this little gadget for?
It‘s ________________ the number of footsteps you take and distance your travel while exercising.
IMAGE:
for measuring
YOUR RESPONSE:How do you use a pedometer?
You use it ______________ it onto your waistband.
IMAGE:
by attaching
YOUR RESPONSE:How do you mea-sure how many steps you take while jogging?
I do it__________a pedometer.
IMAGE:
by using
•Student’s Note:Please check the box after the lesson.
I still do not understandNow I under-stand what the lesson is all about.
•What I think about the things to do?
Easy Difficult
•For this lesson, I want to study it…
Alone.With one of my classmatesto work with.Within the group.
BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://www.chompchomp.com/terms/gerund.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-gerunds.htm
THANK YOU!NEXT TOPIC:PARTICIPLE