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Exploring Electrical Technology. 19 th Century Electrical S&T “The Age of Electricity”. Allessandro Volta’s Career & Contribution. Professor of Physics at Pavia Reputation of his work Advocated exact measurements of electricity. encarta.msn.com/.../count_alessandro_volta.html. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Exploring Electrical Exploring Electrical TechnologyTechnology
1919thth Century Electrical S&T Century Electrical S&T
““The Age of Electricity”The Age of Electricity”
Allessandro Volta’s Allessandro Volta’s Career & ContributionCareer & Contribution
Professor of Physics at PaviaProfessor of Physics at Pavia Reputation of his work Reputation of his work
Advocated exact measurements of electricity Advocated exact measurements of electricity
encarta.msn.com/.../count_alessandro_volta.html
Luigi Galvani’s RoleLuigi Galvani’s Role
Accidentally found disembodied frog Accidentally found disembodied frog legs became electrically excited legs became electrically excited
Galvani’s subsequent publication in Galvani’s subsequent publication in 1791 stimulated Volta’s reaction1791 stimulated Volta’s reaction
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luigi_Galvani...
www.alchemical.org/em/Handout10-LuigiGalvani.html
Voltaic PileVoltaic Pile
Invented by Volta in 1799Invented by Volta in 1799 Announced in 1800Announced in 1800 Why was it so significant?Why was it so significant?
Volta & his pile ushered in the Volta & his pile ushered in the “Age of Electricity” “Age of Electricity”
www.wired.com/.../news/2008/03/dayintech_0320
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pile_de_Volta.jpg
Immediate Applications of Immediate Applications of Volta’s “Battery”Volta’s “Battery”
Nicholson & Carlisle discovered electrolysisNicholson & Carlisle discovered electrolysis A way to liberate hydrogen (H) A way to liberate hydrogen (H)
and oxygen (O) from water (H and oxygen (O) from water (H22O)O)
Enabled isolation of several active Enabled isolation of several active metal elements for 1 metal elements for 1stst time time
Became method of measuring Became method of measuring amount of chargeamount of charge
www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/H/history_...
Voltaic Pile Helps Voltaic Pile Helps Challenge Traditional NotionChallenge Traditional Notion
Distinction: electricity versus magnetismDistinction: electricity versus magnetism
One explorer set out to disprove itOne explorer set out to disprove it
Hans Christian Oersted Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851)(1777-1851) & His Contribution & His Contribution
Danish physicist & chemistDanish physicist & chemist Prof. at Univ. of Copenhagen (1806)Prof. at Univ. of Copenhagen (1806) During an evening lecture in April 1820During an evening lecture in April 1820
www.aps.org/.../200807/physicshistory.cfm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zfv-0bQtqaE
Oersted’s ContributionOersted’s Contribution
Significance:Significance:
Published his finding that year (1820)Published his finding that year (1820)
Other Contemporaries of Other Contemporaries of Michael FaradayMichael Faraday
AragoArago
Andre-Marie Ampere (1775-1836)Andre-Marie Ampere (1775-1836)people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/arago.html
people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/ampere.htm
Other Contemporaries of Other Contemporaries of Michael FaradayMichael Faraday
Ampere’s contributionsAmpere’s contributions
Other Contemporaries of Other Contemporaries of Michael FaradayMichael Faraday
Ampere’s Career & PersonalityAmpere’s Career & Personality
Other Contemporaries of Other Contemporaries of Michael FaradayMichael Faraday
Ampere’s follow up on OerstedAmpere’s follow up on Oersted
Also worked with AragoAlso worked with Arago
Other Contemporaries of Other Contemporaries of Michael FaradayMichael Faraday
Ampere’s legacyAmpere’s legacy Published work in 1827Published work in 1827
Credited for the unit of electric current [Amp]Credited for the unit of electric current [Amp]
Ampere’s interest contrasted with othersAmpere’s interest contrasted with others
Other Contemporaries of Other Contemporaries of Michael FaradayMichael Faraday
SchweiggerSchweigger
While static electricity (i.e., frictional) had While static electricity (i.e., frictional) had been the focus of attention through the been the focus of attention through the 1818thth century, Volta’s Pile and century, Volta’s Pile and Schweigger’s galvanometer sparked Schweigger’s galvanometer sparked interest in the galvanic (dc) circuit interest in the galvanic (dc) circuit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Salomo_Christoph_Schweigger
Other Contemporaries of Other Contemporaries of Michael FaradayMichael Faraday
Georg Ohm: one of those who turned his Georg Ohm: one of those who turned his attention to the dc circuitattention to the dc circuit
www.magnet.fsu.edu/.../pioneers/ohm.html
Other Contemporaries of Other Contemporaries of Michael FaradayMichael Faraday
Others who worked on fundamental formulations Others who worked on fundamental formulations (electro- & magneto- statics) by extension of (electro- & magneto- statics) by extension of Coulomb’s workCoulomb’s work Poisson (France) – Poisson’s EquationPoisson (France) – Poisson’s Equation
Gauss (Germany) – Gauss’s LawGauss (Germany) – Gauss’s Law
Significance: concise formulation of these “laws Significance: concise formulation of these “laws of nature” concerning electricity facilitated of nature” concerning electricity facilitated description, communication & applicationdescription, communication & application
Emergence of ElectromagnetsEmergence of Electromagnets
William Sturgeon (England)William Sturgeon (England)
Joseph Henry (United States)Joseph Henry (United States)
www.todayinsci.com/5/5_22.htm
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Henry_...
Henry Helped Others Get CreditHenry Helped Others Get Credit
His electromagnet later led to the relayHis electromagnet later led to the relay
Discovered dynamo shortly before Discovered dynamo shortly before Faraday, but…Faraday, but…
Focus on FaradayFocus on Faraday “ “Father of Electricity” ?Father of Electricity” ? Greatest scientific experimentalist of his timeGreatest scientific experimentalist of his time
faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PHY100F/emhist.htm