ExplorationExplorationExplorationExplorationWorld History A World History A

Seminar #7Seminar #7

Warm Up: Using the information on page Warm Up: Using the information on page 409 in the textbook, describe the role 409 in the textbook, describe the role Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal played in world wide exploration.played in world wide exploration.

Portugal Sails EastwardPortugal Sails EastwardPortugal Sails EastwardPortugal Sails Eastward

• Established a school for Established a school for improving sailing and improving sailing and navigational techniques.navigational techniques.

• Goal: reach India and Goal: reach India and intercept the spice trade intercept the spice trade before it traveled through before it traveled through Muslim territory.Muslim territory.

• Designed new ships - the Designed new ships - the caravel - prepared maps, caravel - prepared maps, and trained sailors in new and trained sailors in new navigational tools such as navigational tools such as the astrolabe. (page 409)the astrolabe. (page 409)

Portuguese ExplorationPortuguese ExplorationPortuguese ExplorationPortuguese Exploration

• 1488 – Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope.

• 1497 – Vasco da Gama finally reached the spice port of Calicut in India

• 1500 – Portuguese seize key Indian Ocean spice trade ports

Christopher ColumbusChristopher ColumbusChristopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus• Persuaded Ferdinand Persuaded Ferdinand

and Isabella of Spain and Isabella of Spain to finance his voyageto finance his voyage

• 1492 - Sailed west to 1492 - Sailed west to reach spice islandsreach spice islands

• Reached land on Reached land on October 12.October 12.

• Claimed discovered Claimed discovered lands for Spainlands for Spain

• Claim led to a huge Claim led to a huge Spanish empireSpanish empire

Christopher ColumbusChristopher ColumbusChristopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus• Persuaded Ferdinand Persuaded Ferdinand

and Isabella of Spain and Isabella of Spain to finance his voyageto finance his voyage

• 1492 - Sailed west to 1492 - Sailed west to reach spice islandsreach spice islands

• Reached land on Reached land on October 12.October 12.

• Claimed discovered Claimed discovered lands for Spainlands for Spain

• Claim led to a huge Claim led to a huge Spanish empireSpanish empire

The ExplorersThe ExplorersThe ExplorersThe Explorers• 1513 – 1513 – Vasco Nunez de BalboaVasco Nunez de Balboa: crossed : crossed

Isthmus of Panama to discover the Pacific Isthmus of Panama to discover the Pacific OceanOcean

• 1519 to 1521– 1519 to 1521– Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan expedition sails west from Spain. First to expedition sails west from Spain. First to circumnavigate the globe.circumnavigate the globe.

• 1500 – 1500 – Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci, went on several , went on several voyages and wrote letters describing the voyages and wrote letters describing the lands he saw. These letters led to the use of lands he saw. These letters led to the use of the name America (after Amerigo) for the the name America (after Amerigo) for the new lands.new lands.

The ConquistadorsThe ConquistadorsThe ConquistadorsThe Conquistadors• Conquistador – conqueror. Name for the Conquistador – conqueror. Name for the

Spanish explorers who claimed lands in Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s.the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s.

• Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico in 1519. Brought down empire in Mexico in 1519. Brought down Aztec emperor Moctezuma with superior Aztec emperor Moctezuma with superior weapons (guns), horses and diseaseweapons (guns), horses and disease

• Francisco Pizarro – conquered Incan Francisco Pizarro – conquered Incan empire in Peru in 1522.empire in Peru in 1522.

The ConquistadorsThe ConquistadorsThe ConquistadorsThe Conquistadors• Conquistador – conqueror. Name for the Conquistador – conqueror. Name for the

Spanish explorers who claimed lands in Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s.the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s.

• Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico in 1519. Brought down empire in Mexico in 1519. Brought down Aztec emperor Moctezuma with superior Aztec emperor Moctezuma with superior weapons (guns), horses and diseaseweapons (guns), horses and disease

• Francisco Pizarro – conquered Incan Francisco Pizarro – conquered Incan empire in Peru in 1522.empire in Peru in 1522.

Columbian ExchangeColumbian ExchangeColumbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange• European conquest European conquest

of the new world of the new world brought changes on brought changes on both sidesboth sides

• Movement of goods Movement of goods and ideas from each and ideas from each side is called the side is called the Columbian Columbian Exchange. Exchange.

• Watch the video and Watch the video and complete the Chart.complete the Chart.

England and FranceEngland and FranceEngland and FranceEngland and France• New France – territory New France – territory

stretched along the stretched along the Mississippi River from Mississippi River from Quebec in the North to Quebec in the North to Louisiana on the Gulf of Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico.Mexico.

• English built their first English built their first colony at Jamestown, colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607Virginia in 1607

• By late 1700s, the English By late 1700s, the English had established 13 had established 13 colonies colonies

• Dutch and Portuguese Dutch and Portuguese also established colonies also established colonies in the New Worldin the New World

Triangular TradeTriangular TradeTriangular TradeTriangular Trade• Began in 1500s to fill the need for labor in Spain’s Began in 1500s to fill the need for labor in Spain’s

American empire.American empire.• The Arab empire also used slave labor, often captives The Arab empire also used slave labor, often captives

taken from Africataken from Africa• Warring African nations traded their captives for Warring African nations traded their captives for

weapons.weapons.• The Atlantic slave trade formed one part of a three The Atlantic slave trade formed one part of a three

pronged trade network known as the Triangular Trade.pronged trade network known as the Triangular Trade.• First leg: goods to Africa in exchange for slavesFirst leg: goods to Africa in exchange for slaves• Second leg: (Middle Passage) African slaves taken to Second leg: (Middle Passage) African slaves taken to

New World to work on Plantations. Exchanged for New World to work on Plantations. Exchanged for molasses, tobacco and sugar.molasses, tobacco and sugar.

• Final leg: Products shipped to Europe. Final leg: Products shipped to Europe.

Triangular TradeTriangular TradeTriangular TradeTriangular Trade