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EXPLAINING DIFFERENCES/ EXPLAINING SIMILARITIES
NATURE VS NURTURE
QUESTION
If it were possible, would you want to take a genetic test telling you which diseases you are likely to suffer from later in life?
If you or your partner were pregnant- would you want the unborn child tested for genetic defects?
Biological determinism
NATURE WHEN BIOLOGY
DETERMINES CHARACTERISTIC'
S
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE GENES
The Tower of London 46 Books
23 donated by mother23 donated by fatherBooks are ChromosomesChromosomes made
from dnaGenes are small areas of
dna30,000 genes per
chromosome
DOMINANT VS. RECESSIVE GENES
Dominant genes
Characteristic is always present
Recessive genes
Two recessive genes must be paired in
order for the characteristic to be
present
CONSIDER DOLLY….
Would a human clone’s adult personality mimic the person donating the genetic code? orWould he/she be unique?
HEREDITY=WHEN BIOLOGY DETERMINES CHARACTERISTICS
Genetic Predisposition
Humans are born with a likelihood toward certain characteristics
Does not mean “Born with”
Usually needs something from the environment to activate- (diathesis-stress model)
Common genetic predispositions….body weight-alcoholism-Alzheimer’s-Schizophrenia
Genetic Determinism
• The idea that genes determine characteristics
• Genotype= “full” heredity
• Phenotype= “observed” properties
• Common genetic abnormalities.. Down Syndrome, Williams Syndrome, Color blindness, PKU
HOW DO GENES AND THE ENVIRONMENT INTERACT?
PKU= PhenylketonuriaOccurs when parents pass along a defective gene
How Similar Are We?
How do we know?
The Minnesota Twin Study
IDENTICAL TWINS REARED APART…
Characteristics more similar to biological parents..With some exceptions.. Faith, values, manners, attitude.
ADOPTION STUDIES
YOUR “GENETIC” OR “CORE” OF YOUR PERSONALITY
IS YOUR TEMPERAMENT
•The Easy child •The Difficult child•The Slow-to-warm-up child
What works best?Parent/Child-Goodness-of-fit
“Life is like a game of cards. The hand that is dealt you presents determinism; the way you play it is free will.”Nehru
Nurture
THE ENVIRONMENT (AND OUR EXPERIENCES) SHAPE US…
NATURE ENABLES NURTUREAND NURTURE ENABLES NATURE
Critical Period: An important time in development where development needs to happen or it will be delayed or dysfunctional Prenatal influences: German measles, birth defects, teratogens, fetal alcohol syndrome Culture: Establish their own norms
EXPERIENCE AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT… IT’S COMPLICATED
Impoverished Environment
The Somerville Project
Enriched Environment
Abecedarian Project
BIG BOYS DON’T CRY!
HOW DOES NATURE AND NURTURE INTERACT TO DEFINE US AS MALE OR
FEMALE?
Gender Roles
A set of expected behaviors for males and for females
Gender Identity
One’s personal sense of being male or female