Expert Lecture (Granulocytes Disorders)

8/13/2019 Expert Lecture (Granulocytes Disorders)

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EXPERT LECTURE

SUB MODULE 5:

GRANULOCYTE DISORDERS

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

UNIVERSITY OF BRAWIJAYA MALANG

MODULE HEMATOLOGY


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No. 1Describe in brief three types of

granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils,

basophils) and monocytes !


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A. Neutrophils :

- has dense nucleus consisting 2-5 lobes & a pale

cytoplasm with an irregular outline containing

many fine pink-blue (azurophilic) or grey-blue granules

- the granule : primary (promyelocytes stage) and

secondary (myelocyte & mature neutrophils)

- the lifespan : 10 hours

B. Eosinophils :

- similar to neutrophils, except : the cytoplasmic

granules are coarser & > deeply red staining, and

rarely > 3 nuclear lobes

- the blood transit time is longer than neutrophils- have a special role in allergic responses, defence

against parasites & removal of fibrin formed during

inflammation


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C. Basophils :

- have many dark cytoplasmic granules

- in the tissues they become mast cells

- have immunoglobulin E (IgE) attachment sites and their

degranulation is associated with histamine release

D. Monocytes :

- usually larger than other peripheral blood leucocytes- have a large central oval or idented nucleus with

clumped chromatin

- the abundant cytoplasm stains blue and contains many

fine vacuoles, giving a ground-glass appearance;

cytoplasmic granules are often present


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No. 2Describe in brief the normal functions

of neutrophil and monocytes into three

phases !


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C. Killing and digestion

- Occurs by oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent

pathways

- In neutrophils: H2O2 reacts with myeloperoxidase and

intracellular halide to kill bacteria activated oxygen

may be involves a fall in pH within phagocytic vacuoles

into which lysosomal anzymes are released

- Lactoferrinan iron-binding protein present inneutrophil granulesis bacteriostatic by depriving

bacteria of iron


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No. 3Describe in brief defects of phagocytic

cell function !


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Defects of phagocytic cell function :

A. Defects of chemotaxis- Occurs in rare congenital abnormalities (e.g. lazy

leucocyte syndrome) and in more common acquired

abnormalities either of the environment, (e.g.

corticosteroid therapy) or of the leucocytes themselves

(e.g. in acute or chronic myeloid leukemia,myelodysplasia and the myeloproliferative syndromes)

B. Defects of phagocytosis

- Usually arise because of a lack of opsonization may

- be caused by congenital or acquired causes of - - hypogammaglobulinemia or lack of complement

components


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C. Defects of killing and digestion

- Is clearly illustrated by the rare X-linked or autosomalrecessive chronic granulomatous disease

- There is an abnormality affecting different elements of

the respiratory burst oxidase or its activating

mechanism reccuring infections (bacterial or fungal)

which present in infancy or early childhood

- Other rare congenital abnormalities may result in

defects of bacterial killing e.g. myeloperoxidase

deficiency and the Chediak-Higashi syndrome

- AML, CML and myelodysplastic syndromes may also be

associated with defective killing of ingested

microorganisms


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ruLy.smangat!!!

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Expert Lecture (Granulocytes Disorders)