Experiment EG220

+

-12V

1K

100

I

R5

R6

Experiment 1.3 - Resistors in Series & 1st Kirchoff's Law

Objectives:

Voltage divider. First Kirchoff's Law.

Equipment Required:

TPS-3321 Power supply A multimeter Banana wires Resistors: 1M, 91K, 10K, 5.1K, 1K, 100

Procedure:

Step 1: Connect the TPS-3321 to the power supply.

Step 2: Connect the power supply to the Mains.

Step 3: Turn ON the trainer.

Step 4: Connect the +12V socket to resistor R5 at the TPS-3321.

Step 5: Connect the free socket of R5 to resistor R6 using banana wire.

Step 6: Connect the free socket of R6 to the minus of the power supply (the GND).

You have implemented the following circuit:

Step 7: Turn on the multimeter and shift it to the voltage-measuring mode, 20 Volts range. Connect its probes to the sockets of R5. Write down the voltage you have measured:

VR6 = ____V

Step 8: Measure voltage on the resistor R5:

VR5 = ____V

Step 9: Measure the voltage source.

V = ____V

Step 10: Check if:

V = VR5 + VR6

+

-12V

R5

R6

I

+

+

-

-1K

100

Step 11: Check the relation:

V R5

R5

=V R6

R6

= VR5+R6

What does this formula calculate?

Step 12: Disconnect R5 from power supply. Turn the multimeter to current measurement mode. Connect its positive probe (the red one) to the plus of the power supply, and its negative probe to the R5. What current do you read? Is it consistent with step 11?

Step 13: Disconnect the multimeter from the circuit and connect resistor R5 back to the power supply. Turn the multimeter into voltage measuring mode.

Step 14: 1st Kirchoff's Law states that sum of all voltages in closed circuit equals to zero. Let's check this. Measure the voltage on the power supply and two resistors in the way that voltmeter's polarity will stay constant. Write down voltages with the sign:

V = ___V, VR5 = ___V, VR6 = ___V

The First Kirchoff's Law demands that V1 + V2 + V3 = 0. Check that.

Disassemble the circuit.

Step 15: In experiment 1.1 you have calculated and measured resistance of all the resistors at TPS-3321.

What would be total resistance if we connect them all in serial?

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

1M

91K

10K

5.1K

1K

Step 16: Connect the five resistors as shows:

Measure total resistance of the system.

RT = ____

Check if:

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5

Experiment Report:

1) Write the name of each experiment and draw below the electronic circuit.

For each circuit include the experiment measurements, results and graphs.

2) Compare between the preliminary questions and the examples with the measurement results.

Experiment 1.4 - Resistors in Parallel & 2nd Kirchoff's Law

Objectives:

Current divider. The Second Kirchoff's Law. Mixed networks.

+

-3V

A

R5 R45.1K1K

+

-3V

A

R5 R41K 5.1K

Equipment Required:

TPS-3321 Power supply A multimeter Banana wires Resistors: 10K, 5.1K, 1K, 100

Procedure:




Step 4: Adjust the power supply variable voltage to +3V.

Step 5: Implement the following circuit:

Write down the measured current:

IR5 = ____mA

Step 6: Measure current that flows through R4:

IR4 = ____mA

+

-3V

A

R5 R41K 5.1K

Step 7: Check if

IR5

R 4=IR 4

R5 exists,

or the same

IR1R1 = IR2R2

What does the later formula calculates?

Step 8: Measure the total current:

IT = ____mA

Step 9: Check if:

IT = IR4 + IR5

Step 10: The Second Kirchoff's Law states that sum of all currents that enter a point in electrical circuit equals to zero. If a current comes out of a point, it is taken into the sum with the negative sign.

In our case lets take the point where R4 and R5 are being connected to the plus of the power supply. The current from the power supply enters this point; therefore, IT should be taken with positive sign. The resistor's currents are leaving the point therefore; they should be taken with the negative signs.

Check if:

IT – IR4 – IR5 = 0

R3

R4

R5

10K

5.1K

1K

R5

R4R6

1K

100 5.1K

Step 11: As shown in discussion, total resistance of n resistors connected in parallel is calculated by:

Rt=1

1R1

+1R2

+…+1Rn

What would be the total resistance of all the resistors in TPS-3321 connected in parallel?

Step 12: Connect the resisters as follows and measure their resistance:

RT = ____

Does the measurement comply with theoretical prediction?

Step 13: Now we have all mathematical apparatus needed to calculate any resister network with mixed connection: both parallel and serial.

Assemble the following network and calculate its resistance.

When meeting complicated mixed resistor networks it is easy to calculate the total resistance in steps: first find part of the network that you can recognize as a simple connection – either serial or parallel. Substitute that part as one resistor with value equal to total resistance of that part. You will get a new circuit, which is exactly equal to the former one, but has fewer components and therefore is simpler. Find another part that's connection is familiar to you and proceed in this manner.

In our case, it is obvious that resistors R2, R4 and R5 are connected in serial. The resulting resistor is connected in parallel with R3. When we substitute their connection with one resistor, it would be connected in serial with R1.

The total resistance of the network is:

RT = ____

Step 14: Check yourself by measuring the resistance of the assembled circuit.

Experiment Report:




Experiment 2.1 - Crystal Diode

Objectives:

Diode characteristics. Diode rectifier. Diode circuits.

Equipment Required:

TPS-3321 Power supply A multitester Banana wires Silicon diode 1N914, Germanium diode 1N270 and Resistor 2K

I R

D11N914Vs

1K

IR

VD00

Procedure:



Step 3: Connect the following circuit to a variable power supply.

Step 4: Turn ON the power supply.

Step 5: Change VS according to the following table and register the measured values of VR and VD.

To get negative voltage, change the power supply connections.

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

VS [V] -5 -4 -3

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

VR [V]VD [V]IR [mA]

Step 6: Calculate IR for each column in the table.

Step 7: Plot your results on the following graph.

IR

VD00

I R

VDV+-

1K

12V

Step 8: Replace the silicon diode with the germanium diode 1N270.


No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

VS [V] -5 -4 -3

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

VR [V]VD [V]IR [mA]



Step 12: Implement the following circuit.

Step 13: Measure VR and VD.

Step 14: Calculate IR.

Step 15: Compare the measurement results with the calculation results of example a).

Step 16: Draw your conclusions.

Step 17: Change the source voltage to 5V.

Step 18: Calculate VR, VD and IR.

I2

1K

R6 VD

12V+-

ID

R5

100

I

Step 19: Measure VR and VD.

Step 20: Calculate IR.

Step 21: Compare the measurement results with the calculation results.


Step 23: Implement the following circuit on the main plug in board.

Step 24: Measure VR5, VR6 and VD.

Step 25: Calculate IR5 and IR6.

Step 26: Compare the measurement results with the calculation results of example c).


Step 28: Change the source voltage to 5V.

Step 29: Calculate VR5, VR6, VD, IR5 and IR6.

Step 30: Measure VR5, VR6 and VD.

Step 31: Calculate IR5 and IR6.



Experiment Report:




I R

Z1VS

1K

Experiment 2.2 - Zener Diode

Objectives:

Zener diode characteristics. Zener circuits.

Equipment Required:

TPS-3321 Power supply A multitester Banana wires Zener diode 5.1V Resistors: 100, 1K

Procedure:




Step 4: Turn on the power supply.


No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12

13 14

15

VS [V] -7 -6 -5 -4 -3

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

VR [V]VD [V]IR [mA]

IR

VD00



I R

RL1KV

100

+-

VZ12V

Step 8: Implement the following circuit on the main plug in board.

Step 9: Calculate VR, VZ, IR and IL.

Step 10: Measure VR and VZ.

Step 11: Calculate IR and IL.



Step 14: Replace RL with 5.1K resistor.

Step 15: Calculate VR, VZ, IR and IL.

Step 16: Measure VR and VZ.

Step 17: Calculate IR and IL.



Experiment Report:




A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

Power Supply ACout 12V AC

GND

Experiment 4.1 - The Transformer

Objectives:

Converting AC voltage with a transformer. The transformer as a bidirectional system.

Equipment Required:

TPS-3321 Power supply A multitester Banana wires

Procedure:




Step 4: A transformer is located on the right side of the trainer.

It is drawn as the following:

Terminal C is not connected to the transformer, only A,B,D,E. Observe it.

Step 5: Connect the AC voltage – the 12V AC and its GND to the A and B terminals.

Step 6: Set the multimeter to measure AC voltage at the range of 200V.

Step 7: Measure the voltage on the A-B terminals and write the result.

Vin = __________

Step 8: Measure the voltage on the D-E terminals and write down the result.

Vout = ___________Step 9: Calculate the turn ratio:

n1=V outV in __________

Step 10: Change the connection of A-B.

Connect 12V AC to A and GND to B.

Step 11: Repeat steps 7-9.

Does it affect the measurements?

Step 12: Connect now the power supply voltage to D-E terminals (instead of A-B).

Step 13: Measure the voltage on the D-E terminals and write the result.

Vin = __________

Step 14: Measure the voltage on the A-B terminals and write down the result.

Vout = ___________

Step 15: Calculate the turn ratio:

n=V outV in __________

Does n1= 1

n2 ?

Experiment Report:




VSR1K

D1

Vo

~

Experiment 4.2 - Voltage Rectifiers

Objectives:

Implementing a half wave rectifier. Implementing a full wave rectifier.

Equipment Required:


Procedure:

Step 1: Connect the TPS-3321 to the power supply and connect the power supply to the Mains.

Step 2: Implement the following circuit on TPS-3321.

The power supply VS is the DC 12V on the TPS-3321.


Step 4: Change VS and measure Vo according to the following table.

t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20VS -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Vo

Step 5: Draw your results on the following graphs.

VS

t

Vo

t

VSR1K

D1

Vo

~

Step 6: Replace VS (12V) with 12VAC.

Step 7: Connect CH1 probe to Vo and draw the signal.


Step 9: Change VS and measure Vo according to the following table.

t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20VS -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Vo


VS

t

Vo

t

Step 11: Replace Vs (12V) with 12V AC.

Step 12: Connect CH1 probe to Vo and draw the signal.

Experiment Report:




VSR1K

D1

Vo

~+C

1

Experiment 4.3 - Voltage Smoothing

Objectives:

To understand how a capacitor increases the power supply output voltage and decreases the voltage ripple.

Equipment Required:


Procedure:



C is an electrolytic capacitor. Select C3, which is F.

Step 3: The power supply VS is the VAC on the TPS-3321.


Step 5: Connect CH1 probe to VS and CH2 probe to Vo.

VS

t

Vo

t

Step 6: Draw the signals on the following graphs.

Step 7: Measure V.

Step 8: Replace the capacitor with a 100F capacitor.

VSR2K

D1Vo

~ +C1F

VS

t

Vo

t

Step 9: Repeat steps 5 and 6.


C is an electrolytic capacitor. Select C3 which is F.

Step 11: Connect CH1 probe to VS and CH2 probe to Vo.

Step 12: Draw the signals on the following graphs.

Step 13: Measure V.

Step 14: Replace the capacitor with a 100F capacitor.

Step 15: Repeat steps 11 and 12.

Experiment Report:




RVoVi

1K

Z15.1V

Experiment 4.4 - Voltage Regulators

Objectives:

Power supplies. Measurements in linear voltage regulators. Various voltages from monolithic regulator.

Equipment Required:


Procedure:



The power supply VS is the AC 12V on the TPS-3321.


Step 4: Change VS and fill in the following table.

t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Vi 7 8 9 10 9 8 7Vo

Vo

SV


Vi

t

Vo

t

VZ

R100

VoVi

Vi

t

Vo

t

Step 6: Caclulate Vo for each column.

Vo(t) = Vo(t + 1) – Vo(t)

Step 7: Calculate the regulation coefficient for each column.

SV=ΔV oΔV In

Step 8: Draw your conclusions. Which Vin creates the smallest SV?



t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Vi 7 8 9 10 9 8 7Vo

Vo

SV


Vvar

Vo

~

7805

R2100

R11K


Vo(t) = Vo(t + 1) – Vo(t)


SV=ΔV oΔV In


Step 15: Connect the +12V outlet as Vi.

Step 16: Connect 1K load resistor to Vo.

Step 17: Measure Vo and calculate IL.

Step 18: Change RL to 100.


Step 20: Calculate the load current coefficient:

Ro=ΔV oΔIL



t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Vi 7 8 9 10 9 8 7Vo

Vo

SV

Vi

t

Vo

t



Vo(t) = Vo(t + 1) – Vo(t)


SV=ΔV oΔV In


Step 27: Connect the +12V outlet as Vi.

Step 28: Connect 1K load resistor to Vo.


Step 30: Change RL to 100.


Experiment Report:




Documents

Experiment EG220