Experiment 4 for B.electronic

SEMESTER 1 SESI 2011/2012

SFE 3013

BASIC ELECTRONICS

LABORATORY REPORT 4

RECTIFYING CIRCUIT

NAME

NUR HAFIZAH BT ABDUL HADI

D20091035072

SITI NOR AMIRA BT MOHMAD NOOR

D20091035073

DATE 1 NOVEMBER 2011

LECTURER DR SYED ABDUL MALIK

Experiment 4

Title : Rectifying Circuit

Objective :

- To understand the principles and features of half-wave bridged rectifier.- To understand the principles and features of full wave bridge rectifier.- To understand the principles and features of bridge rectifier.

(A) : Half-wave Rectifier Circuit.Procedures :

(1) Half- wave rectifier circuit without a filter capacitor

1. First, fix The module KL-23002 was first fixed in the KL-21001 Linear Circuit Lab,

then the block marked 23001- block c was located.

2. The short-circuit jumper clip is inserted by referring to Figure 4.1 and the short-circuit

clip jumper arrangement diagram in Figure 4.2.

3. AC source 9V is applied to Vac from AC Supply on KL-21001 Linear Circuit Lab.

4. V is measured by using ACV scale of Multimeter and Oscilloscope respectively, then

was recorded in Table 4-1 (a).

5. The output terminal (OUT) is measured by using DCV scale of multimeter and

oscilloscope, where the DC scale of oscilloscope is used to test Vdc and

the AC scale of oscilloscope is used to test the ripple.

6. Then it was recorded in Table 4-1(a).

7. Experiment Result: Indicated in Table 4-1(a).

(2) Half- wave rectifier circuit with a filter capacitor.

1. The short-circuit clip jumper is inserted by referring to Figure 4.3 and the short-circuit

clip jumper arrangement diagram in Figure 4.4 (C6 : 220µ)

2. AC source 9V is applied to Vac from AC Supply on KL-21001 Linear Circuit Lab.

3. The input terminal Vac is measured by using ACV scale of multimeter and oscilloscope

respectively, then was recorded in Table 4-1 (a).

4. VR4 (1 MΩ) is adjusted to minimum, then the output terminal (OUT) is measured by

using DCV scale of multimeter and oscilloscope, where the DC scale of oscilloscope is

used to test Vr (ripple). Then, the readings are recorded in Table 4-1 (a).

5. VR4 (1 MΩ) is adjusted to maximum, then step 4 is repeated.

6. The short-circuit clip jumper is inserted by referring to the short-circuit clip jumper

arrangement in Figure 4.5 (Change C6 to C5, change R1 to 1 kΩ).


oscilloscope, where the DC scale of oscilloscope is used to test Vdc and the AC scale of

oscilloscope is used to test Vr (the ripple). Then, the readings are recorded in Table 4-

1(a).

8. Experiment Result: Indicated in Table 4-1(a)

(B) : Full-wave Rectifier Circuit

Procedures :

(1) Full- wave rectifier circuit without a filter capacitor

1. First, the module KL-23002 is fixed in the KL-21001 Linear Circuit Lab, then

the block marked 23001- block c is located.


clip jumper arrangement diagram in Figure 4.7

3. AC source 9V-0V-9V is applied to Vac1 and Vac2 respectively.

4. Vacl, Vac2 are measured by using ACV scale of Multimeter and Oscilloscope

respectively, then was record in Table 4-1 (b).

5. The output terminal (OUT) is measured by using DCV scale of Multimeter and

Oscilloscope, where the DC scale of Oscilloscope is used to test Vdc and

the AC scale of oscilloscope is used to test the ripple. Then was record in Table 4-1(b).

6. Experiment Result should be indicated in Table 4-1(b).

(2) Full- wave rectifier circuit with a filter capacitor.

1. The short- circuit clip is inserted by referring to Figure 4.8 and the short- circuit clip

arrangement diagram in Figure 4.9(C6 : 220µ)

2. AC source 9V-0V-9V are applied to Vac1, Vac2 respectively.

3. Vac1, Vac2 are measured by using ACV scale of Multimeter and Oscilloscope

respectively, then were record in Table 4-1 (b).


using DCV scale of Multimeter and Oscilloscope, where the DC scale of Oscilloscope is

used to test Vdc and the AC scale of Oscilloscope is used to test Vr (ripple). Then were

record in Table 4-1 (b).


6. The short-circuit clip jumper is inserted by referring to the short-circuit clip jumper

arrangement diagram in Figure 4.10 (Change C6 to C5, change R1 to 1KΩ).

7. The output terminal (OUT) is meausred by using DCV scale of multimeter and


oscilloscope is used to test Vr (the ripple). Then, were record in Table 4-1(b).

8. Experiment Result: Indicated in Table 4-1(b).

(C) Bridge Rectifier Circuit.

Procedures :

(1) Bridge rectifier circuit without a filter capacitor

1. First, the module KL-23002 is fixed in the KL-21001 Linear Circuit Lab, then the block

marked 23001- block c is located.


clip arrangement diagram in Figure 4.12.

3. AC source 18V is applied to Vac.

4. Vac is measured by using ACV scale of Multimeter and Oscilloscope respectively,

then was record in Table 4-1 (c).

5. The output terminal (OUT) is measured by using DCV scale of Multimeter and

Oscilloscope, where the DC scale of Oscilloscope is used to test Vdc and

the AC scale of Oscilloscope is used to test Vr (the ripple). Then were record in

Table 4-1(c).

6. Experiment Result: Indicated in Table 4-1(c).

(2) Bridge rectifier circuit with a filter capacitor.


clip jumper arrangement diagram in Figure 4.14. (C6 : 220µ)

2. AC source 18V is applied to Vac.

3. Vac is measured by using ACV scale of Multimeter and Oscilloscope respectively, then

was record in Table 4-1 (c).


using DCV scale of Multimeter and Oscilloscope, where the DC scale of Oscilloscope is

used to test Vdc and the AC scale of Oscilloscope is used to test Vr (ripple). Then, were

record in Table 4-1 (c).


6. The short-circuit clip jumper is inserted by referring to the short- circuit clip arrangement

diagram in Figure 4.15 (Change C6 to C5, change R1 to 1KΩ).



oscilloscope is used to test Vr (the ripple). Then, were record in Table 4-1(c).

8. Experiment Result: Indicated in Table 4-1(a).

Results :

Vrms/Vp-p

Circuit

Multimeter Oscilloscope

IN OUTIN

(Vpp)

OUT

Vdc

(V)Vr

(a)

Hal

f-

wav

e

Without c 10.00V 4.17V 26Vpp 4.0V 10.00V

C6:220µ- VR4:MAX 10.05V 13.30V 26Vpp 14.00V 2.00mV

C6:220µ- VR4:MIN 9.96V 11.16V 26Vpp 11.40V 1.60V

C5:10µ- R7:1K 10.03V 7.78V 26Vpp 8.00V 6.00V

(b)F

ull-

wav

e



C6:220µ- VR4:MIN 19.70V 22.40V 54Vpp 23.00V 3.00V

C5:10µ- R7:1K 20.00V 15.70V 54Vpp 16.50V 11.00V

(c)

Bri

dge



C6:220µ- VR4:MIN 19.70V 23.10V 54Vpp 22.00V 3.00V

C5:10µ- R7:1K 20.00V 15.70V 54Vpp 16.00V 11.00V

TABLE 4-1

Test Point

Analysis:

We can analyst here, when we convert the AC to DC without used capacitor the ripple

voltage is higher. Because the current now is leaked and it cannot filter the current flow.

When we used the capacitor ripple voltage will decrease. Higher value of the capacitor will

decrease the value of ripple voltage. When we used the capacitor output voltage is higher

than input voltage it is because capacitor will allow the current flow with smooth and

increase the voltage gain. When the voltage gain increase the current also increase. And it

also filter the current flow.

Besides, the full wave and bridge will produce the approximate value of input and output

voltages. Their ripple also approximate when used capacitor or not used it. Because the full

wave is known as bridge. Other than that when we used oscilloscope it will displays the

voltage peak to peak. When we get the voltage peak to peak we can find the Vrms. With

used these formula

Vrms=V pp

2√2

So, from our experiment, during used multimeter we can get the Vrms while used

oscilloscope we get Vpp. So their value is approximately.

Discussion:

Rectifier is a circuit that converts AC input power to DC output power. The input supply

may be a single phase or a multi-phase supply. The output is DC voltage and current with

certain amount of ripple components. There are two types of rectifier, namely half wave and

full wave. Each type can either be uncontrolled, half-controlled or fully controlled. An

uncontrolled rectifier uses diodes, while a full-controlled rectifier uses thyristor or popularly

known as Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR). A half controlled is a mix of diodes and

thyristors. The thyristors need to be turned on using a special triggering circuit.

Half-Wave Rectifier In practice, the half-wave rectifier is used most often in low-power

applications because the average current in the supply will not be zero. This may cause

problems in transformer performance. While practical applications of half wave rectifier are

limited, the analysis is important because it will enable us to understand more complicated

circuits such as full wave-and three-phase rectifiers.

Full-Wave Rectifier Like half-wave, the objective of a full-wave rectifier is to produce a

voltage or current which is purely DC or has some specified dc component. While the

purpose of the fullwave rectifier is basically the same as that of the half-wave rectifiers have

some fundamental advantages. The average current in the ac source is zero in the full-wave

rectifier, thus avoiding problems associated with nonzero average source currents. The

average (dc) output voltage is higher than half-wave. The output of the full-wave is

inherently less ripple that the half-wave rectifier.

Conclusion:

From this experiment we learned to understand the principles and features of half-wave

bridged rectifier. Through construct the circuit and observed their voltage through the

oscilloscope and multimeter. This instrument we also used in full wave bridge rectifier and

bridge rectifier. We also must know about the principle and features of full wave bridge

rectifier. then we understand the principles and features of bridge rectifier.

Beside that, higher Dc Voltage that we used in the experiment with capacitor will reduce

the ripple voltage. Because capacitor used for smooth the current and filter the current

leaked. Voltage input is higher than voltage output it is because we not used the capacitor.

during convert that current. When voltage input is lower than output we used capacitor

during converted AC to DC. Input is alternative current(AC) and output is direct current

(DC). So this experiment is verify because the rectifier circuit is can convert AC input to DC

output.

Reference:

Diperolehi pada oktober 28, 2011 daripada http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/diode/diode

_6.html

Diperolehi pada oktober 28, 2011 daripada http://electronics-lab-experiment.blogspot.com/

2009/02/experiment-study-of-diode-rectifier.html

Diperolehi pada oktober 28, 2011 daripada http://encon.fke.utm.my/courses/notes/Lab

sheet2y.pdf.

Manual Laboratory SFE 3013 Basic Electronic.

Documents

Experiment 4 for B.electronic