Expansion of the Expansion of the CountryCountry

Ch 16 & 17Ch 16 & 17Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

Essential Vocabulary 1Essential Vocabulary 1Chapt 16Chapt 16

1.1. Tejanos (490)Tejanos (490)

2.2. Antonio Lopez de Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (494)Santa Ana (494)

3.3. Battle of the Alamo Battle of the Alamo (494)(494)

4.4. Texas Revolution (494)Texas Revolution (494)

5.5. Texas annexation Texas annexation (498)(498)

6.6. Sam Houston (496)Sam Houston (496)

7.7. Texas Constitution Texas Constitution (496) (496)

Essential Vocabulary 1Essential Vocabulary 1Chapt 17 Sect 1 & 2Chapt 17 Sect 1 & 2

1.1. Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

2.2. John O. SullivanJohn O. Sullivan

3.3. James PolkJames Polk

4.4. Presidential Presidential Election of 1844Election of 1844

5.5. Mexican CessionMexican Cession

6.6. Mexican WarMexican War

7.7. Henry David Henry David ThoreauThoreau

8. Treaty of Guadalupe

Essential Vocabulary 1Essential Vocabulary 1Chapt 17 Sect 3 & 4Chapt 17 Sect 3 & 4

1.1. Santa Fe TrailSanta Fe Trail

2.2. Mormon TrailMormon Trail

3.3. Joseph SmithJoseph Smith

4.4. Brigham YoungBrigham Young

5.5. MormonsMormons

6.6. California Gold California Gold RushRush

7.7. forty-ninersforty-niners

8.8. Levi StraussLevi Strauss

Spanish West and Spanish West and SouthwestSouthwest

Review: What country controlled Mexico?Review: What country controlled Mexico? Why?Why?

Mexico (current day Texas plus land Mexico (current day Texas plus land south)south) Spanish built missions in TexasSpanish built missions in Texas Dangerous because missions were far apart Dangerous because missions were far apart

and Spanish fought Native Americansand Spanish fought Native Americans Spain wanted settlers in Texas so offered land Spain wanted settlers in Texas so offered land

to settle there –Tejanos (those who settled in to settle there –Tejanos (those who settled in Texas)Texas)

Mexico gained independence from SpainMexico gained independence from Spain

Texas gains independence Texas gains independence from Mexicofrom Mexico

New Mexican republic wants to bring settlers to New Mexican republic wants to bring settlers to Texas—offered land to settlers (sounds like Texas—offered land to settlers (sounds like when Spain offered land to _________ to settle in when Spain offered land to _________ to settle in Mexico)Mexico) Americans settle in Texas, raising cattle Americans settle in Texas, raising cattle Mexico wants Americans to be Mexican citizens: Mexico wants Americans to be Mexican citizens:

follow laws, be Catholic—but Americans ignore follow laws, be Catholic—but Americans ignore Mexican lawsMexican laws

Antonio Lopez de Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Santa Anna elected elected president of Mexico and suspended Mexican president of Mexico and suspended Mexican constitutionconstitution

American American Stephen AustinStephen Austin called for rebellion called for rebellion against Mexicoagainst Mexico

Texas RevolutionTexas Revolution Fighting begins between American Fighting begins between American

settlers and Santa Anna’s troops and settlers and Santa Anna’s troops and those who suspended the constitutionthose who suspended the constitution

ALAMO-ALAMO- 189 189 American American troops occupied a small troops occupied a small

mission in San Antonio (the Alamo)mission in San Antonio (the Alamo) Santa Anna’s troops surrounded the Alamo Santa Anna’s troops surrounded the Alamo

and killed all of the American troops, only and killed all of the American troops, only a few women survived to tell the storya few women survived to tell the story

““Remember the Alamo!” became a rallying Remember the Alamo!” became a rallying cry for Texan independencecry for Texan independence

Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last Stand at the AlamoStand at the Alamo

Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last Stand at the AlamoStand at the Alamo

Texas becomes a Texas becomes a RepublicRepublic

Wrote Constitution that was modeled after the US Wrote Constitution that was modeled after the US Constitution and US Declaration of IndependenceConstitution and US Declaration of Independence Review: Who wrote the US Declaration of Review: Who wrote the US Declaration of

Independence?Independence? Review: whose ideas of natural rights did he use in the Review: whose ideas of natural rights did he use in the

Declaration?Declaration? Sam Houston became the commander in chief of Sam Houston became the commander in chief of

the Texas armythe Texas army Defeated Santa Anna’s troops at the Battle of San JacintoDefeated Santa Anna’s troops at the Battle of San Jacinto

Texas becomes a Republic with capital at HoustonTexas becomes a Republic with capital at Houston Sam Houston elected PresidentSam Houston elected President Texas asked the US to annex itTexas asked the US to annex it

Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836

Sam Houston(1793-1863)Sam Houston(1793-1863)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

The Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of Texas

Annexation of TexasAnnexation of Texas US President Andrew Jackson worried US President Andrew Jackson worried

about adding Texas to the USabout adding Texas to the US1.1. Texas was a slave state and adding it to Texas was a slave state and adding it to

the US would upset the balance of slave the US would upset the balance of slave and free statesand free states

2.2. Mexico did not recognize Texas’ Mexico did not recognize Texas’ independence and annexing Texas to the independence and annexing Texas to the US would anger MexicoUS would anger Mexico

Rather than annexing Texas, Jackson Rather than annexing Texas, Jackson recognized Texas as an independent recognized Texas as an independent nationnation

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

It expressed the belief that it was Anglo-It expressed the belief that it was Anglo-

Saxon Americans' providential Saxon Americans' providential missionmission to to expandexpand their civilization and their civilization and institutions across the breadth of North institutions across the breadth of North America. This expansion would involve America. This expansion would involve not merely territorial aggrandizement not merely territorial aggrandizement but the progress of liberty and but the progress of liberty and individual economic opportunity as well.individual economic opportunity as well.

Terms first used by Terms first used by John O’SullivanJohn O’Sullivan, a , a New York EditorNew York Editor

Americans Move West &Americans Move West &Presidential Election of Presidential Election of

18441844 President John Tyler encouraged westward President John Tyler encouraged westward

expansionexpansion Tyler wanted to annex TexasTyler wanted to annex Texas

Review: define Annex:Review: define Annex: Review: What issue made the annexation of Texas Review: What issue made the annexation of Texas

controversial? controversial? Tyler was so much in favor of slavery and the Tyler was so much in favor of slavery and the

annexation of Texas that his party, the Whigs, annexation of Texas that his party, the Whigs, selected another candidate for President—Henry Clay selected another candidate for President—Henry Clay

James Polk, of the Democratic Party, was very much James Polk, of the Democratic Party, was very much in favor of annexing Texas AND Oregonin favor of annexing Texas AND Oregon

1844 Election: Polk defeated Clay and westward 1844 Election: Polk defeated Clay and westward expansion strengthenedexpansion strengthened

James K. Polk: “Young James K. Polk: “Young Hickory”Hickory”

Democrat/Fierce Democrat/Fierce Expansionist-Expansionist- Embodiment of Embodiment of Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

Won presidency over Whigs in Won presidency over Whigs in 18441844 TylerTyler saw it as a go saw it as a go ahead to acquire Texas (3 days ahead to acquire Texas (3 days before he left office)before he left office)

Arranged annexation of Texas Arranged annexation of Texas by joint resolution because the by joint resolution because the needed 2/3 vote would never be needed 2/3 vote would never be secured in senate because of secured in senate because of the slavery issuethe slavery issue

Texas become Texas become 28th state in 28th state in 18451845 after resolution passed after resolution passed

Mexican American WarMexican American War Mexico Angry over Annexation of TexasMexico Angry over Annexation of Texas Polk and Expansionists wanted California too Polk and Expansionists wanted California too

(another area owned by Mexico)(another area owned by Mexico) Polk tried to buy California + New Mexico for Polk tried to buy California + New Mexico for

$30 Billion---Mexico refused $30 Billion---Mexico refused July 1845 Polk sent General Zachary TaylorJuly 1845 Polk sent General Zachary Taylor

and 1,500 troops to Texas, near the borderand 1,500 troops to Texas, near the border Dispute- Mexico did not recognize the Rio Dispute- Mexico did not recognize the Rio

Grande River as the boundary between US Grande River as the boundary between US and Mexico.and Mexico.

April 1846- war began when Mexican troops April 1846- war began when Mexican troops entered Texas territory and American troops entered Texas territory and American troops firedfired

The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-(1846-1848)1848)

The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-(1846-1848)1848)

Responses to the Responses to the Mexican WarMexican War

Many members of the Whig party Many members of the Whig party were not in favor of the war—were not in favor of the war—especially those against expansionespecially those against expansion

Henry David Thoreau- a writer who Henry David Thoreau- a writer who protested the war by going to jail for protested the war by going to jail for not paying taxes to support the not paying taxes to support the Mexican WarMexican War

Abolitionists were opposed to the Abolitionists were opposed to the war including Ralph Waldo Emersonwar including Ralph Waldo Emerson

Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848

Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848

Mexico gave up its claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.

Mexican Cession--Mexico gave up claims to much of its northern lands including present day:

California, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, Nevada

What issue would this stir up?

U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico

Mexico gave up its claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.

Mexican Cession--Mexico gave up claims to much of its northern lands including present day:

California, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, Nevada

What issue would this stir up?

U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico

The Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

SETTLERS MOVE WESTSETTLERS MOVE WEST Trails develop to lead settlers westTrails develop to lead settlers west

Oregon TrailOregon Trail Santa Fe TrailSanta Fe Trail

Mormons move westMormons move west religious group founded by religious group founded by Joseph Smith Joseph Smith Brigham Young Brigham Young led the Mormons west to led the Mormons west to

present day present day Utah Utah to escape persecutionto escape persecution Gold Rush leads settlers to CaliforniaGold Rush leads settlers to California

John Sutter found gold at his Sutter’s MillJohn Sutter found gold at his Sutter’s Mill CaliforniaCalifornia Gold Rush started in 1849 Gold Rush started in 1849 Migrants to California known as Forty-Niners- mostly Migrants to California known as Forty-Niners- mostly

single mensingle men

SettleSettlers rs

Move Move WestWest on on the the

Santa Santa Fe Fe

and and OregoOrego

n n TrailsTrails

California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849

California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849

49er’s49er’s

California Gold California Gold Production Production

Was gold production constant or changing?Was gold production constant or changing? About when did gold production peak?About when did gold production peak?

Effects of Gold RushEffects of Gold Rush Settlers moved to California which led to Settlers moved to California which led to

statehood and another free statestatehood and another free state Job Opportunities: Levi Strauss, a German Job Opportunities: Levi Strauss, a German

immigrant, invented durable denim work immigrant, invented durable denim work pants for mine workerspants for mine workers

Most miners did not become richMost miners did not become rich