Expansion of the American Economy

Mass production- the production of goods in large quantities.

Industrial Revolution- social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production developed

The Industrial Revolution in America allowed for America to expand at a very rapid rate.

Industrial Revolution

North◦ Textile factories◦ Large Machines

South◦ Agricultural◦ Plantation life◦ Slavery

North Vs. South

Inventor of the cotton gin◦ A tool that helped

separate cotton seeds from the cotton itself

◦ This invention allowed for the increased need for slaves, land, and cotton.

Eli Whitney

The United States began building the National road in 1811

Erie Canal – the 12 year project stretched 363 miles from the Hudson River to Lake Erie.◦ Connected the Atlantic

Ocean and the Great Lakes

Movement in America

Mexicans welcomed American settlers into Texas for many years.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna – Mexican President and military leaders, started trouble with Steven Austin.◦ Austin, leader of Texas, was detained for inciting a

rebellion. Santa Anna began traveling through Texas,

burning villages… Texas began a full assault against Mexico to gain freedom.

Trouble in Texas

Mexicans had control of the Alamo, an abandoned mission used as a fort.

Texans, led by Davey Crockett, forced the Mexicans from the Alamo

During the siege by the Mexicans, all 187 Americans, including Davey Crocket and Jim Bowie were killed.

Battle at the Alamo

Sam Houston, military leader in Texas, led his troops against Santa Anna, capturing the military leader.

A peace treaty was signed, the Treaty of Velasco, and Texas was granted independence.

On December 29, 1845, Texas was annexed, becoming the 28th state of the union.

Texas Wins Sovereignty

Mexican American War 1846-1848

The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845

•Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US order.•US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.•US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.•US would buy California at any price.

John Slidell

Wilmot Proviso, 1846

Provided, territory from that, as an

express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.

Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)

The Mexican War (1846-1848)

General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto

“Old Rough and Ready”

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848

Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848

Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River. Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico. U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).

Results of the Mexican War?

1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President. (Zachary Taylor)

5. Manifest Destiny was partially realized.

California Gold Rush

1849 – Prospectors flocked to California from various places not only in the United States, but also Asia, South America and Europe in order to find gold.

In 1849, California’s population reached 100,000 people.

1850, California becomes a state

California Gold Rush