Expansion and Diversity The

Rise of Colonial America

Chapter 3: The Middle Colonies

• Middle Colonies: NY,NJ, DE, PA

A. Characteristics 1. Multi ethnic 2. Good land for farming: “Bread Basket”3. Less aristocratic then New England and the

Southern Colonies except for New York4. Large Middle Class5. Population more ethnically diverse: English,

German and Dutch

6. Economy a. Tradeb. Shipping c. Shipbuildingd. Lumberinge. Industry (less than in New England)

7. Religiously tollerant a. NY Huguenots b. NJ Presbyteriansc. PA Quakers

B. New Netherlands and New Sweden

1. New Netherlands' a. Found in 1623 by Peter Minuitb. Established by the Dutch West India company for

quick profit in the fur tradec. Manhattan Island- bough for $30 from the local

Indians

2. New Amsterdam a. Ran by the Dutch West India Companyb. Very intolerantc. Patroonship: aristocratic structure much like

that of European feudalism d. By the 1640’s 18 different languages were

spoken in the city e. Native Americas

i. Attacked the city in retaliation to Dutch Violenceii. Built a wall to fortify the city (Wall Street)

3. New Sweden a. Swedes trespassed on Dutch lands to establish

heir settlement between 1638-1655b. 1655 Dutch forces led by Peter Stuyvesant

ended the Swedes rule and absorbed the Colony into New Amsterdam

c. 1664 Charles II removed the Dutch from New Netherlands and gave his Brother the Duke of York the Colony

C. New York 1. New Netherlands was renamed2. New York Chapter of Liberties

a.Gave religious freedom to all Christians and the right to vote to all landowners

b.Most of the land was in the hands of a few aristocracy

3. NY became a royal colony in 16854. Became a very profitable colony due to

trade and agriculture

5. Leislers Rebellion (1691)

a. As Governor Leisler had given some land to the poor

b. Removed from offices in 1691 by the British government

c. Poor whites and farmers resisted the removal

d. Revolt failed and Leisler was hangede. Showed the disconnect between the

wealthy land owning aristocracy and the common farmers

D. New Jersey 1. Started in 1664 as a Quaker settlement 2. 2 proprietors received the land from the

Duke of York3. 1702 both Jerseys were combined into a

Royal Colony

E. Pennsylvania1. Settled by William Penn

a.Given a land grant by the King in exchange or money that was owed to his father Haven for Quakers

b.Holy Experiment: liberal ideas with religious toleration among many Christian denominations

2. Best advertised Colony a.Generous land policies b.Attracted artisans: masons,

carpenters, shoemakers ect.

2. Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)

a. Non-conformist, more radical then the Puritanso Refused to pay tithes to the Anglican Churchi. No Oathsii. Pacifistsiii.No paid ministeriv. No difference in authority figures

b. Believed in an “inner light” i. All men were equal in Gods eyesii. Persecuted in New England and other colonies

for opposing authorityiii. No church hierarchy

3. Successa. All Sweds, Finns and Dutch became citizensb. Philadelphia a carefully planned city that would

become the largest in North American c. Representative Government- land owning

suffraged. No tax supported churche. Freedom of Religion guaranteedf. No required military serviceg. Natives- purchase land=good relationshiph. By 1700 PA was the 4th largest Colony

F. Delaware1. Originally part of Pennsylvania 2. Large Quaker Population 3. Given is own assembly in 17034. Remained under the Governor of

Pennsylvania until the Revolutionary War

II. Rivals for North America: France and

Spain

A. France 1. French relations with native American enabled them to

be successful in laying claim to much of North America2. Established Quebec in 1608

a.Founded by Samuel de Champlain b.Befriended the Huron the enemy of the Iroquois c. French population grew slowly (6,000 in 1750)d.Government: No popularly elected assemblies or

trial by jury 3. Beaver Trade4. Jesuits and Ursuline

a.Jesuites were priestsb.Ursuline were nuns

5. Mississippi Region

B. Spain1.New Mexico: the Pueblo Revolt2.Florida and Texas

1. French relations with native American enabled them to be successful in laying claim to much of North America

2. Established Quebec in 16081. Founded by Samuel de Champlain 2. Befriended the Huron the enemy of the Iroquois 3. French population grew slowly (6,000 in 1750)4. Government: No popularly elected assemblies or trial by jury

3. Beaver Trade4. Jesuits and Ursuline

1. Jesuites were priests2. Ursuline were nuns

5. Mississippi Region