Expanding Trade: Empowering Women.

Are we missing a trick? Why gender matters for trade?

Dr Katja JobesSocial Development AdviserAid for Trade TeamTrade Policy UnitDFIDJune 9 2010 Washington World Bank

70% of the world’s poor are women and girls

The Gender Inequality Challenge

Source: Langerkamp, ITC 2009

Women play a crucial role in economic production & trade as producers, workers, consumers, cross border traders ……………..

80% of the world’s 50 million jobs in export processing zones are held by women

The labour force is predominantly female in major export industries, such as light manufacturing, garments, horticulture and food production

Women dominate the agricultural sector and produce more than 50% of the world’s foodstuffs. In Kenya women account for 75-89% of the agricultural labour force. In Southeast Asia women provide 90% labour in rice cultivation

30 - 40% of regional trade in Southern Africa is informal cross border trade at a value of $17.6 billion per year. 70% of informal cross-border traders are women

Source ITCFU 2005 ICRW 2008, Williams 2003,Unifem 2009

The economy as a gendered structure …

Pictures courtesy Marzia Fontana

The economy as a gendered structure …

Pictures courtesy Marzia Fontana

The economy as a gendered structure ……..

Picture courtesy Ros Eyben

Trade

Income

Employment

Working conditions

Consumption

Intra-household

dynamics and women’s

empowerment

Imp

acts

Production Factors •Land & capital•Human capital, labour, education & skills

Other institutional, social and cultural factors

Media

ting

Facto

rs

Comparative advantage

Trade - Gender Linkages & Mediating Factors

Public services Provision

Top tips for gender mainstreaming in trade support/ AfT programming

Integrate gender in project cycle management & diagnostic tools through sex disaggregated data & social analysis.

Integrate gender analysis as far as possible in all trade work areas

Ensure consultations involve male and female stakeholders – entrepreneurs, producers, traders, exporters and workers, consumers.

Ensure governance, management and team structure of programs include gender and social development skills and capacity mix.

Improve collection of sex-disaggregated data and use of gender analysis.

Facilitate regional, small-volume trading

Concrete Entry Points Trade policy & trade agreements

Diagnostic tools and analysis – DTIS, Trade and Export Strategies, export competitiveness diagnostics

Trade Facilitation – e.g. border audits, corridor diagnostic tools

Demonstrating Results: M&E and Gender impact assessment – incl baselines development, disaggregated data