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Expanding the lexicon
● Compounding● Converting● Suffixation● Reanalysis
Expanding the lexicon
● Compounding
– Putting two complete words together
Expanding the lexicon
● Compounding
– Putting two complete words together
– Many different formulas• horse shoes (shoes horses wear)
• alligator shoes (shoes made of alligator skin)
Expanding the lexicon
● Compounding
– Putting two complete words together
– Many different formulas• horse shoes (shoes horses wear)
• alligator shoes (shoes made of alligator skin)
• talcum powder (powder made of talcum)
• baby powder (powder for babies)
Expanding the lexicon
● Compounding
– Putting two complete words together
– Many different formulas• forklift (lift using a fork)
• airlift (lift using the air?)
Expanding the lexicon
● Compounding
– Putting two complete words together
– Many different formulas• forklift (lift using a fork)
• airlift (lift using the air?)
• snowbird (person who flees from the snow)
• snowblind (blindness caused by the snow)
Expanding the lexicon
● What is the -s-?
– spokesperson
– oarsman
– tribesman
– huntsman
– klansman (is there more than one Klan?)
– frontierswoman
– outdoorsperson
Expanding the lexicon
● Conversion
– making a word with one part of speech into a different part of speech without a morpheme
• Mickey MouseN– That's really Mickey MouseADJ
• bottleN– They had it bottledV
• guideV– He's my guideN
Expanding the lexicon
● Suffixation
– Add an affix to create a new word• -ish
• -oholic
• -ability
• -ify
– See COHA
Expanding the lexicon
● Suffixation
– Add an affix to create a new word• mini-
• -ee
• retro-
– See COHA
Expanding the lexicon
● Suffixation
– Add an affix to create a new word• -ity or -ness more productive?
– See COHA
• What is the difference?– stupidness / stupidity– agressivness / agressivity– Could this account for difference?
Expanding the lexicon
● Suffixation
– Add an affix to create a new word• -ity or -ness more productive?
– See COHA
• What is the difference?– stupidness / stupidity– agressivness / agressivity
Expanding the lexicon
● Backformation
– The opposite of suffixation• burglar > burgle
• editor > edit
Expanding the lexicon
● Backformation
– The opposite of suffixation• television > televise
• recreation > recreate
Expanding the lexicon
● Backformation
– The opposite of suffixation• television > televise
• recreation > recreate
• pronunciation > pronunciate
• conversation > conversate
Expanding the lexicon
● Backformation
– The opposite of suffixation• television > televise
• recreation > recreate
• pronunciation > pronunciate
• conversation > conversate
– Don't believe me? Google it!
Expanding the lexicon
● Blending
– Combining parts of words• smog
• chortle
Expanding the lexicon
● Blending
– Combining parts of words• smog < smoke+fog
• chortle < chuckle+snort
Expanding the lexicon
● Blending
– Combining parts of words• smog < smoke+fog
• chortle < chuckle+snort
• modem <
• motel <
• blog <
Expanding the lexicon
● Blending
– Combining parts of words• smog < smoke+fog
• chortle < chuckle+snort
• modem < modulate+demodulate
• motel <motor+hotel
• blog < web+log
Expanding the lexicon
● Blending
– Combining parts of words• aggrify
• guesstimate
• telethon
• electrocute
Lexical Acquisition
● If at 6 a kid knows 14,000 words he's learned 6 new words every day of his life.
Lexical Acquisition
● If at 6 a kid knows 14,000 words he's learned 6 new words every day of his life.
● If at 17 he knows 60,000 words he's learned 20 words a day since he was 6.
Lexical Acquisition
● Assumptions of labeling
– Doggy means the whole thing (not the tail or fur)
Lexical Acquisition
● Assumptions of labeling
– Doggy means the whole thing (not the tail or fur)
– Doggy refers to all of them not just the one token
Lexical Acquisition
● Assumptions of labeling
– Doggy means the whole thing (not the tail or fur)
– Doggy refers to all of them not just the one token
– Doggy refers to all things with similar characteristics
Lexical Acquisition
● Labeling
– Kids says doggy• Does that mean the dog or the barking?
Lexical Acquisition
● Labeling
– Look at the doggy
– Not doggy
– Yes, it's a doggy
– Doggy home
Lexical Acquisition
● Packaging
– Learning the correct boundaries for the word
Lexical Acquisition
● Overextension
– juice=all drinks
– doggie=all animals
Lexical Acquisition
● Overextension
– juice=all drinks
– doggie=all animals● Underextension
– Doggy means a particular one
Lexical Acquisition
● Reasons for overextension
– gap fill• kid sees difference, but has no word for it
– duck is doggy
Lexical Acquisition
● Reasons for overextension
– mental fog / wrong analysis• kid isn't mentally developed enough to perceive
difference
Lexical Acquisition
● Reasons for overextension
– mental fog / wrong analysis• kid isn't mentally developed enough to perceive
difference
• kid uses different prototype than adults– cookies are round (Lorna Doones aren't cookies)
Lexical Acquisition
● Reasons for overextension
– mental fog / wrong analysis• kid isn't mentally developed enough to perceive
difference
• kid uses different prototype than adults– cookies are round (Lorna Doones aren't cookies)– Furry four-legged things are doggies
Lexical Acquisition
● Reasons for overextension
– mental fog / wrong analysis• kid isn't mentally developed enough to perceive
difference
• kid uses different prototype than adults– cookies are round (Lorna Doones aren't cookies)– Furry four-legged things are doggies– I fall the ball. No transitive / intransitive difference
Lexical Acquisition
● Network building
– making connections with other words
Lexical Acquisition
● Where is the woman filling the glass?
Lexical Acquisition
● Which is the big one?
– kids choose square in a and b
Lexical Acquisition
● Which is the tall one?
– kids choose square in a and b
Lexical Acquisition
● Which is the long one?
– kids choose square in a and b