Expand your Business Horizons to Iraq Ambassador Dr Hisham Al
Alawi Embassy of Iraq in South Africa Slide 2 Slide 3 Ancient
Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), the cradle of civilizations, where the
first cities, writing systems, empires and majestic buildings were
established around 6000 years ago Slide 4 Sumerian clay tablet
displaying cuneiform, the first written language, around 3000 B.C.
Slide 5 Babylonian King Hammurabi receiving the (Code of Laws)- the
first constitution written by mankind around 1790 B.C. Slide 6 THE
CITY OF BAGHDAD FIRST ESTABLISHED IN 762 A.C. Slide 7 Imam Ali Holy
Shrine and Masjid in Najaf Slide 8 Imam Hussain Holy Shrine and
Masjid in Karbala Slide 9 Imam Abu Hanifa Shrine and Masjid in
Baghdad Slide 10 Shaikh Abdel Qadir Shrine and Masjid in Baghdad
Slide 11 Slide 12 Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in Pretoria
Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in Pretoria Slide 13 Nelson
Mandelas famous quotes Education is the most powerful weapon which
you can use to change the world. For to be free is not merely to
cast off one's chains, but to live in a way that respects and
enhances the freedom of others. Overcoming poverty is not a task of
charity, it is an act of justice. Slide 14 Key Geographic and
Demographic Information Population: 32 Million (2012 Estimate)
Population Growth: 2.3% Annually Capital: Baghdad Other Major
Cities: Basrah, Mosul, Hilla, Najaf, Nasirriya, Kirkuk, Erbil,
Suleimaniya, Anbar, Tikrit, Kut, Karbala etc Natural Resources:
Oil, Natural Gas, Sulfur, Phosphate, Iron, Boxite, Limestone and
Silica Sand Slide 15 Important Economic Data The Iraqi economy
depends primarily on the oil sector, which provides 80-90% of the
government revenue GDP : $ 155.4 Billion ((PPP) and 130.6 Billion
(official exchange rate) Per Capita Income (PPP): $4,600 Workforce:
8.9 Million Unemployment: 11% Consumer Price Inflation Rate: 6.0%
GDP by sector: industry: 63.8%, services: 25.1%, agriculture: 8.7%
Key Agricultural Products: Wheat, Barley, Rice, Vegetables, Dates,
Cotton Key Industries: Oil and Gas, Petrochemicals, Textiles,
Leather Goods, Construction Materials, Food Processing,
Fertilizers, Metal Fabrication Average Daily Oil Production: 3.4
Million Barrels Average Daily Oil Exports: 2.6 Million Barrels
Proven Oil Reserves: 143 Billion Barrels* (could be >300) Proven
Natural Gas Reserves: 3.17 Trillion Cubic Meters Slide 16 Economic
growth in Iraq The International Monetary Fund projected Iraqs real
GDP growth at 9-10% between 2012 to 2016. It called for continuing
the efforts to rebuild key economic institutions, including those
needed for private sector development, and to improve governance.
It added that Iraqs prospects are positive. Slide 17 Iraqs oil
development map The situation on the ground demonstrates that the
implementation of Iraqs oilfields development plan is on track and
some milestones have materialized ahead of schedule. Today, Iraqs
oil map features over 180 bn barrels of proven oil reserves, a
production plan targeting 4.5mn b/d by the end of 2014 and up to
12mn b/d by 2020. Slide 18 Why Iraq? Top Ten Reasons to Invest in
Iraq With an economy poised for resurgence, abundant numbers of
educated and talented people immediately available and an
attractive pro-business fiscal environment, Iraq has much to offer.
Slide 19 1- Superb strategic location a gateway to the region Iraq
has historically occupied a pivotal position in the Middle East
region. It has strategically important ports and airports and can
prove to be a cost-effective trading and distribution location.
Slide 20 2- Numerous opportunities across multiple sectors There
are investment needs across all sectors of the Iraqi economy. The
Government of Iraq has identified over 750 investment opportunities
throughout Iraq in a variety of sectors. These include
construction, manufacturing industry, agriculture, tourism,
housing, healthcare and telecommunications. Most of these are
immediately available. Slide 21 3- Unmet needs of a diverse
domestic market Iraqs strategic position, availability of people
and competitive cost base make it an excellent location from which
to export to the region and to the world. However, given that the
majority of goods sold now in Iraq are imported, Iraqs domestic
market of 33 million people offers an obvious opportunity to
produce and sell goods and service to provide import substitution.
Slide 22 4- Increasing middle class creating demand for new
products and services As Iraqs stability and security continues to
improve, its displaced professionals have slowly returned home and
re- entered the workforce. Iraqs expanding middle-class is proving
to have the expendable incomes to demand better products and
services. Slide 23 5- Educated, talented and available workforce
The workforce in Iraq is well-educated. Over 30% are
post-graduates, university graduates or have higher-level technical
qualifications. Iraq traditionally is strong in disciplines such as
engineering, medicine and agriculture and has also a large number
of people with administrative and organizational skills. Iraqs
population of 33 million is one of the worlds youngest with 71%
under 30 years of age and 83% under 40. Slide 24 6- Competitive
wages and operating costs Iraqs cost base is one of the most
competitive in the region and globally. For example, an engineering
professional is 89% cheaper than the UAE and a skilled operative
92% cheaper than the UK. Average wages rates are dramatically below
those in the United States or Europe, this factor, combined with
Iraqs availability of graduates and professionals means an overall
excellent value for money investment proposition. Slide 25 7-
Strong investment incentives, tax exemptions and guarantees offered
The Iraqi investment law offers investors a period of ten years
free from all taxes, including corporation tax and fees. This
period is extended to 15 years if the project is a joint venture
with a majority Iraqi stakeholder. Additional incentives include: -
the right to repatriate investment and profits from investment, -
the right to employ foreign workers when needed, - three years
exemption from import fees for any required equipments. The
Government of Iraq also guarantees that investments will not be
nationalized or confiscated. Slide 26 8- Low corporate tax rates
Even after the generous tax-free period has been completed,
investors will continue to benefit from Iraqs company tax rate of
only 15% - one of the most competitive in the region and globally.
Both the tax free period and the low ongoing rate help investors to
become profitable more quickly and encourage reinvestment. Slide 27
9- Ample opportunity for local partnerships The Iraqi economy
boasts a number of established companies, state-owned-enterprises
and service providers. As the country continues to refine its
investment environment and bring stability to its political,
security and economic activities, local partners serve as a good
option to expedite and navigate the legal, regulatory and physical
landscapes of Iraq. Local partners have access to vital market
knowledge; navigate regulatory requirements; provide labour and
other inputs at competitive rates; utilize pre-established sales
network; and maintain other necessary business relationships i.e.
banking, legal, and distribution, which are critical to the success
of any projects. Slide 28 10- Abundant and untapped natural
resources Iraq holds one of the principal hydrocarbon reserves in
the world. With proven reserves estimated at 143 billion barrels,
Iraqs undiscovered oil reserve is considered to have the second
largest reserve in the world - possibly up to 300 billion barrels.
Iraq also has reserves of gas of 3.2 trillion cubic meters, and is
also rich in other minerals, including sulphur, phosphate and iron.
Slide 29 Slide 30 Investors Guide to Iraq National Investment
Commission http://www.investpromo.gov.iq Slide 31 Purpose of the
Investors Guide The purpose of the guide is to describe the
investment opportunities in todays Iraq and the investment
environment potential investors will encounter when making business
investments in Iraq Slide 32 Table of Contents 1.Key Geographic and
Demographic Information 2.Important Economic Data 3.The Investment
Environment 4.Free Zones in Iraq 5.Iraqs Banking System 6.Trademark
Protection 7.Patent Protection 8.Copyright Protection 9.Registering
Companies in Iraq 10.Retirement and Social Security Regulations
11.Customs Law 12.Quality Standards 13.Nutritional Health
Requirements Appendix I. Ministry Names and Websites Appendix II.
NIC Strategic Projects Description Slide 33 Investment Map in Iraq
2012 Slide 34 Entering Into Iraq and Establishing Projects The
National Investment Commission (NIC) and the Investment Commissions
provides assistance to all investors with obtaining the entry visas
to Iraq to establish projects in coordination with the authorities
concerned through the One Stop Shop department in the commission
which undertake all the above matters through a unified working
mechanism. One Stop Shop email: [email protected] Slide 35
The Investment Opportunities according to sectors Industrial Sector
Electricity Sector Agricultural Sector Housing Sector Commercial
Sector Tourism Sector Communication Sector Health Sector Youth and
Sports Sector Transportation Sector Services Projects Slide 36
Industrial Sector Investment Opportunities Assembly of cars, trucks
and buses. Assembly of Agricultural Equipments Iron and Steel
Industries Electrical Industries Cement Industry Bricks Industry
Petrochemical Industry Plants Fertilizers Industry Sugar Production
Industry Pharmaceutical Production Carpets Industry Industrial
Clothes Industry Slide 37 Electricity Sector The Electricity Sector
in Iraq requires large investments to fulfill the increasing demand
on electrical power. The Ministry of Electricity have investment
opportunities to install, construct and operate power stations,
according to mechanisms agreed between the investor and the
Ministry of Electricity. Slide 38 Agricultural Sector The
agricultural sector is one of the important economical sectors
despite its current weak contribution to the total domestic yield;
this is due to the large size of the Iraqi market and the
increasing demand, which is being covered now by importing products
mostly from neighbouring countries. Slide 39 Housing Sector The
Population of Iraq during the year 2011 was estimated to be
approximately 30.5 Million persons. The average family size in Iraq
is 6.9 persons. The rate of the yearly depreciation (units which
cannot be rehabilitated) is 5%. A quarter of the population live in
overcrowded units, with significant variations between governorates
The total residential needs for the period (2010-2020 ) was
estimated to be approximately 3.0 Million units i.e. 300,000 new
residential units are required yearly Slide 40 Commercial compounds
Investment opportunities are available in the field of
rehabilitating & operating the commercial compounds (shopping
malls), which occupy distinguished locations in the governorates.
Some of the buildings are in good status, others are damaged. Slide
41 Tourism Sector The tourism sector is considered one of the
important sectors in Iraq due to the presence of large number of
tourists attraction sites e.g. rich historical sites, religious
shrines, waterfalls, lakes etc Slide 42 Communication Sector The
communications sector is considered as one of the important
services sectors in the Iraqi economy and among the most expanding
sectors. It is in need of modernization in order to reach the
agreed international levels in this field. Slide 43 Health Sector
The health sector is considered as one of the important services
sectors in Iraq. It needs rehabilitation and new investments to
help it develop in all the key aspects. Slide 44 Transport Sector
The transport sector provides the necessary support needed to
maximise economic development. In Iraq, there are good
opportunities for investment in the different branches e.g. land,
marine and air, of this important sector. Slide 45 Slide 46 The
Investment Environment The Iraqi economy is undergoing a rapid
transformation from a centrally based economy to a free market
economy in which the private sector has a leading role in the
economic development of the country After 2003, Iraq took important
steps towards enhancing the private sector through several
legislative reforms which are described in the next slides. Slide
47 The Investment Environment cont. FIRST: Investment Law No.13 was
ratified by the Parliament in October 2006 effective from January
2007: Established the National Investment Commission and Investment
Commissions in each of the Provinces Covers investment projects in
the private and mixed sectors Does not cover Oil and Gas
exploration and production, and investment in the banking and
insurance industries Specifies $250,000 USD as the minimum level of
capital investment according to investment regulation No. 2/2009
Regulates domestic and foreign investment through several
mechanisms as follows Slide 48 The Investment Environment cont. A.
The National Investment Commission (NIC) leads the efforts to
attract and regulate investments: The NIC is comprised of the
following: Legal and Administrative Department Economic Department
Promotion and Information Department The One Stop Shop Department
to expedite investment licenses Formulates national investment
strategies and policies governing investment projects Lays out
plans, regulations, and guidelines to implement the policies
Monitors the application of the guidelines and regulations Oversees
Federal strategic investment projects Slide 49 The Investment
Environment cont. B. Strategic Projects Investment Regulation No. 2
from 2009 specified the strategic projects, which the NIC is
required to oversee; twelve categories of projects are detailed in
this regulation that are listed in Appendix II All projects not on
the strategic projects list will fall under the authority of the
investment commissions within the Provinces C. Established the
Investment Commissions in the Regions and Provinces, which have the
authority to grant investment licenses, promote investment, open
local branches in their area and formulate local investment plans
in consultation with the National Commission to ensure that the
local plans do not conflict with the Federal Investment Plans Slide
50 The Investment Environment cont. D. Specified Benefits and
Guarantees for Investors 1. Ability to invest capital brought into
Iraq with related earnings in an exchanged currency after settling
all obligations and debts to the Iraqi Government and all other
parties 2. Permission to trade stocks and bonds listed on the Iraqi
Stock Exchange 3. Ability to lease land for the life of the
investment project or for a term no longer than 50 years.
Extensions can be requested and obtained from the NIC for
additional years based on need and economic considerations 4.
Permission to insure the investment project with any Iraqi or
foreign company which is considered suitable 5. Ability to open
accounts for the licensed project in Iraqi and/or or foreign
currencies with Iraqi or foreign banks 6. Permission for foreign
investors and non-Iraqi employees of investment projects the right
to reside in Iraq and to have unimpeded freedom of entry and exit
7. Protection from confiscation or nationalization of any part of
an investment project covered by the investment law excluding
legally obtained judgments against the project 8. Provision for
non-Iraqis working for the investment projects to transfer their
salaries and other compensation outside Iraq in accordance with the
law after paying their obligations and debts to the Iraqi
Government and other parties 9. Any amendment to this law will not
have any retroactive effect on the guarantees and exemptions and
rights decided thereupon Slide 51 The Investment Environment cont.
E. Allowed Exemptions 1. A project which has obtained an investment
license from the NIC will enjoy exemption from taxes and fees for
the period of ten years as from the date of start up of commercial
operation 2. The NIC is required to increase the number of years of
exemption from taxes and fees in direct proportion to the
percentage increase of Iraqi investor participation in the project.
The increase in years of exemption may reach a maximum of 15 years
if Iraqi ownership exceeds 50% 3. Imported assets for an investment
project are exempt from import fees provided that the assets shall
have entered Iraq within three years of the date of the issuance of
the license 4. Investment projects in hotels, tourist
establishments, hospitals, health clinics, rehabilitation centers,
educational and scientific organizations are granted additional
exemptions from import fees of necessities required for
modernization and renewal once every four years, provided that the
necessities are used in the project within three years of the grant
of the import license and that the items imported are not used for
other than the intended purpose Slide 52 The Investment Environment
cont. F. Obligations of the Investor To inform the NIC of the start
up date of the commercial operations of the investment project To
maintain proper accounting records, which will be audited by a
licensed chartered accountant To submit the economic feasibility
studies and all technical studies to include all related maps of
the project To maintain special records for the imported materials
To preserve the environment To adhere to Iraqi laws, proper quality
control standards, and the submitted work schedules Slide 53 The
Investment Environment cont. G. Procedures to grant investment
licenses and to establish projects The One Stop Shop department in
the NIC shall be responsible for the issuance of the investment
license in accordance with the following steps required of the
investor: 1. The investor submits a request to the NIC indicating a
desire to invest and the area of intended investment 2. This
request for a license shall be submitted on a standard form, which
can be obtained from the NIC directly or on their website 3. Submit
a satisfactory credit recommendation from a certified bank 4.
Provide the details of the investment project and its economic
feasibility 5. Submit a time table for executing the project In
return, the NIC shall execute the investment license in a period of
time not exceeding 45 days from the date of submitting a
complication after obtaining the approval of those ministry
sections that are required to review the project Slide 54 The
Investment Environment cont. H. Investment on the Iraqi Stock
Exchange (ISX) The 2006 Investment Law No. 13 permits non-Iraqis to
trade stocks and bonds listed on the ISX and to form investment
funds to own stocks and bonds The ISX has installed an electronic
trading system to provide better transparency and rapid
dissemination of information These upgrades are designed to
encourage private investment and provide liquidity for those
investments by listing their securities on the exchange In
addition, a proposed law creating the law and regulation for a
stock market commission has been drafted Slide 55 The Investment
Environment cont. Second: Iraqs Bilateral and Multi-Party
Agreements A. Investment Guarantees and Protection Agreements Iraq
has 9 multiparty agreements within the Arab League Iraq has 32
bilateral agreements worldwide B. Iraqs Free Trade Agreement Iraq
has free trade agreements with Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Syria, Sudan, Tunisia, UAE and Yemen Iraq signed a
trade agreement with the United States on August 11, 2008 designed
to improve trade and investment flows Iraq is a member of the Multi
Investment Guarantee Agreement (MIGA) Iraq currently serves as an
Observer in the World Trade Organization Slide 56 Free Zones in
Iraq (The Free Zones FZ) Law: The FZ law No. 3 of 1998 allows
industrial, commercial and service project investment in the FZs
Goods imported and exported from FZs are exempt from all taxes and
duties except when imported through customs All capital, interest
and income generated from project investments are exempt from taxes
and duties throughout the projects timeline, including the
construction and start up phases Application for FZ projects
requires submitting a request and paying 100 USD fee to the Free
Zones Board Iraq has four Free Zones: 1) Basra/Khor Zubair2)
Ninevah/Flaifil 3) Al-Anbar/Al-Qaem4) Sulamanyia/Northern Iraq The
FZ Law enables the following activities in the Free Zones: 1)
Industrial (production and sales) activities and assembling,
manufacturing and repacking 2) Warehousing--re-exporting and
trading 3) Warehousing services and various types of transportation
4) Banking, insurance and re-insurance 5) Supporting complementary
and professional activities and services Slide 57 Iraqs Banking
System The current banking system in Iraq consists of 43 banks in
addition to the Central Bank The banks are distributed according to
the ownership between seven governmental banks and 30 private banks
including 7 Islamic banks and 6 licenses given to foreign banks
Banking investments are governed by the Law of the Central Bank of
Iraq, No. 56 of 2004 and the Law of the Banks, No. 94 of 2004. The
minimum capital requirement to establish a bank in Iraq is 100
billion ID (~85 million USD) Iraqi banks with foreign shares:
Commercial Bank:49% share by Al-Ahly Al-Muttahid Bank of Bahrain
Baghdad Bank:49% share by Al-Khaleej Al-Muttahid Bank of Bahrain
Al-Ahly Bank of Iraq: 49% share by Export and Finance Bank of
Jordan Adre Essalam Bank: 70% share by HSBC Al-Etiman Bank of Iraq:
75% share by National Bank of Kuwait 10% share by International
Funding Commission Al-Eqtisad Bank: 49% share by Al-Ayan Co. of
Kuwait Al-Mansour Bank: 60% share by National Bank of Qatar Slide
58 Trademark Protection Investors register trademarks with the
Trade Marks Registrar, Ministry of Industry and Minerals The
government protects some internationally recognized trademarks even
if not registered in Iraq Investors may transfer ownership and
grant a license for use of a registered trademark Iraqi laws
protect registered trademarks for ten years, with the possibility
to extend for ten additional years (must re-apply during 10 th
year) Trademark owners may apply for renewal during the final 6
months of the trademark validity Slide 59 Patent Protection
Approvals on registering industrial designs and models are obtained
for new or novel individual designs or models. An industrial design
or sample is not considered novel in the following cases: 1) If it
was exhibited or described or its use was described to the public
before submitting the application for registration for a patent in
Iraq 2) If it was exhibited or described after applying for
registration in a country dealing with Iraq on reciprocity basis 3)
If it was exhibited in national or international fairs, or the
industrial design or model was exhibited to the public in a
scientific conference or journal during a period of not more than 6
months before the date of applying for registration in Iraq 4) If
it includes non-elementary differences with respect to a previous
industrial design or model or it was registered to a product of
another type that is different from the one for which an industrial
design or model was previously registered Slide 60 Copyright
Protection The Iraqi author rights laws attempt to meet the current
international standards and WTO requirements The Intellectual
Ownership Board of the Ministry of Culture oversees registering
author rights Currently, this law applies to authors of novels and
literature and of works of art and science The author is considered
the person to whom the book is attributed The protection covers the
person who translated revised the book If the book was a novel of
another persons, then the authorship rights attribute to the author
unless agreed otherwise Short stories or other literature, videos
or scientific books may not be published in newspapers or fictions
without permission of the author Financial rights guarantee the
author lifelong protection and another 50 years past their death
Newly created Iraq legal rights grant protection to artists of
exclusive performances and rights in public broadcasting and novel
forms of communication, according to international standards Slide
61 Registering Companies in Iraq The 1984 Law of Trade, 2o. 30
regulates all activities of private and public sectors for Iraqi
investors Trade is defined as the business activities aiming at
interest through a series of sectors to include import/export
trade, manufacturing, logistics, construction, tourism, banking,
insurance, purchase and sale of stocks and bonds, and contracting
There are three steps to register a company: 1) Determine the Type
of Company to Register Companies according to the law of 1997 are
divided into the following categories: a. Stock Company--Private
and Mixed: Stock companies may to be founded by no less than 5
individual or corporate entities and can sell shares for public
subscription The shareholders responsibility for the companys
liabilities is at the nominal value of the shares they own Iraqi
law requires incorporating insurance, re-insurance and money
investment companies in the form of stock companies Founding
shareholders must deposit their shares of the companys capital into
an authorized Iraqi bank Money investment companies can invest in
financial securities in Iraq. They are subject to the provisions of
the Companies Law as a stock company, but their transactions are
monitored by the Central Bank of Iraq Slide 62 Registering
Companies in Iraq cont. b. Individualized Project: An
individualized company may be incorporated by a single person The
individual owner undertakes unlimited personal responsibility for
all the companys obligations The individualized company in Iraq is
known as the Individualized Project c. Joint Company: The joint
company is incorporated by 2 to 25 investors, either individuals or
corporate entities The owners have shares in the companys capital
d. Simple Company: The simple company is incorporated by 2 to 5
investors either individuals or corporate entities Each provides
capital with either cash or in-kind contributions The Companies Law
requires that incorporation certificates of the simple company must
be registered with the Notary Public The owners of the simple
company must deposit a copy of the incorporation instruments, to
include names of shareholders and their numbers of shares, at the
Iraqi Companies Registrar at the Ministry of Trade Slide 63
Registering Companies in Iraq cont. e. Limited Company - Private or
Mixed: The Companies Law states that the number of a limited
companys founders is no less than 2 and no more than 25 The
founders can be individuals or corporate entities and are
responsible for the companys liabilities at the nominal value of
the shares they own The majority of the companies registered in
Iraq are limited companies It is permitted to incorporate a mixed
company by the agreement between a single artificial person, or
more, of the State sector and a single person, or more, of other
sectors If the contribution of the State sector drops below 25%, it
is then considered a private company 2) Meet Required Registration
Procedures a. Register a trade name with the relevant trade chamber
or the union of trade chambers b. Submit a signed contract by the
founders, stating the name of the company, the activities and its
capital c. Deposit the capital of the company, in ID, at an Iraqi
authorized bank and notify the Companies Registrar d. Pay the
required fees to the Companies Registrar e. Submit the subscription
certificate, signed by the founders, and the companys feasibility
studies f. Define the commercial and technical activities of the
incorporating company to be included in the contract for
incorporation Slide 64 Registering Companies in Iraq cont. g.
Employ a legal advisor (attorney) for the company from the Bar
Association in writing h. Employ a chartered accountant form the
Chartered Accountants and Auditors Association i. Appoint a
Executive Manager j. Obtain approval of the Minister of Interior
for all foreign shareholders Only stock companies, mixed and
private, may issue shares liable for public circulation. The
founders of the mixed stock company must have more than 30% but
less than 55% of the nominal capital. The other shares are to be
floated to the public within 30 days as of the approval by the
Companies Registrar. If the Companies Registrar finds that the
registration papers mislead the investors, he then refers the
matter to the Financial Securities Board 3) Receive Approval of
Registration Request Two months for the stock company 20-25 days
for all other types of companies Slide 65 Workers Retirement and
Social Pension Organization All companies before commencement of
their activities, must register with the Minister of Labour/Workers
Retirement (WR) and Social Pension Organization (SPO) They must
deposit funds to pay the deductions for social security based on
the number of employees and their estimated pay for three months
The investor obtains a receipt voucher from the Ministry certifying
the payment amount as well as the social security number of the
company The primary step of registration with the Ministry of
Labour and obtaining the receipt voucher requires at least a week,
and additional fees may be incurred during this process Social
security dues shall be paid on a quarterly basis Social Security
payments equal 17% of an employees wages Employers contribute 12%
Employees contribute 5% Payments are made by the employers to the
WR and SPO by certified cheques Slide 66 Quality Standards The
Central Organization of Standardization and Quality Control is the
sole body responsible for monitoring the standards of products in
Iraq This organization inspects local goods according to health and
safety parameters Iraq is also a member of the International
Organization for Standardization, which provides technical
assistance with patents and intellectual ownership rights Slide 67
Nutritional Health Requirements The Ministry of Agriculture
inspects all agricultural products and livestock and issues health
certificates for livestock The Ministry of Health inspects and
issues health certificates for manufactured food products Slide 68
Thank you Thank you
