Existing Stormwater Management Facilities

Source:

15,000 Municipal Stormwater Management Facilities

2/3 Constructed after 1999

TARGETED VEGETATION PLANTINGS To Enhance Function in Stormwater Management Facilities

TRIECA CONFERENCE - MARCH 21, 2019

Nick Mocan, M.Sc., P.Eng. | Crozier & Associates Consulting Engineers

Dr. Kevin Stevens | Wilfrid Laurier University

The Project

RESEARCH OVERVIEW

METHODOLOGY

SCIENTIFIC BASIS

PRELIMINARY RESULTS

RECOMMENDATIONS

Dr. Kevin Stevens

The Team

Nick Mocan, M.Sc., P.Eng. Engage Grant

The Site

SAMPLING

Wet Pond

Vegetation Survey

Hydraulic Monitoring

Water Quality Sampling

ANALYSIS

Removal Efficiencies

Key Observations

Recommendations

Subdivision

Coldwater Creek

CVC Watershed

LOCATION

SWM

The Source

Urban Runoff Agricultural Runoff Wastewater Treatment

Plants

Three main ways phosphorus enters watersheds:

The Impacts

The Impacts

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Root/Shoot

Ratio

P

mg/L

Source: Adapted from Kim & Li, 2016.

The Science

Directly uptake

nutrients

Provide a haven

for microbes Re-oxygenate soils

(all seasons)

O2 O2

O2

The Science

20

40

60

80

100

86%

94%

81%

20

40

60

80

100

29%

74%

91%

20

40

60

80

100

94%

78%

96%

% Removal

Ammonia

% Removal

Dissolved Organic

Compounds

% Removal

Suspended

Solids

Scirpus Validus (Bulrush)

Phragmites Communis (Common Reed)

Typha Latifola (Cattail)

Source: Gersberg et al. 1986

The Science

Permanent pool

Active storage level

Emergent

Free-floating

Floating-leaved Submerged

The Methodology

Vegetation

Survey

Hydraulic

Monitoring

Water Quality

Sampling

Identification

using Michigan

Flora

Vegetation

sampled Fall

2018

Water depth:

HOBO water

level data

logger (up to

Dec 18)

Water samples

collected at

inlet & outlet

pH, salinity,

conductivity, K,

NH3, NO3-,

NO2−, N2, TP,

O4P-3, Cl-, TSS

ANALYSES: YSI Professional Plus Multiparameter Meter, Hach SR3900 Spectrophotometer, Gravimetric: Total

Suspended Solids

Alismataceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Alisma subchordatum Daucus carota Erigeron strigosus

Euthamia graminifolia

Eutrochium maculatum Lactuca sp. Solidago canadensis

Symphyotrichum ericoides Symphyotrichum lateriflorum

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae

Cornaceae Cyperaceae Fabaceae

Cornus stolonifera Eleocharis obtusa

Scirpus atrovirens Shoenoplectus tabernaemontani

Securigera varia Trifolium hybridum

Juncaceae Lythraceae Poaceae Juncus tenuis Lythrum salicaria Echinochloa muricata

Leersia oryzoides

Panicum capillare Setaria viridis Phragmites australis

Polygonaceae Rosaceae Salicaceae Typhaceae Persicaria hydropiper

Polygonum tenue Rumex crispus

Spirea alba Salix sp. Typha latifolia

The Species

7 Introduced Species

13 Families

28 Species

The Monitoring

Q m3/s

Precip mm

Sample Date

0

10

20

300

1

2

3

Precip

mm

Q

m3/s

Logger removed

OCT ‘18 NOV ‘18 DEC ‘18 JAN ‘19 FEB ‘19 MAR ‘19

The Phosphorus Total Phosphorus Concentration, μg/L P04 3-

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

OCT 31 NOV 02 NOV 26 DEC 18 JAN 08 FEB 04 FEB 24 MAR 11

μg/L

85%

Outflow

Inflow

45%

70%

32%

-8%

5%

-65% 2.9%

The TSS Total Suspended Solids Concentration, mg/L

0

5

10

15

20

25

OCT 31 NOV 02 NOV 26 DEC 18 JAN 08 FEB 04 FEB 24 MAR 11

mg/L

Outflow

Inflow

74%

56% 40% -301%

-301% -64%

-10%

-181%

The Results

Vegetation

Survey

Hydraulic

Monitoring

Water Quality

Sampling

Plant Diversity Phosphorus:

seasonal

effects Species richness

higher than

anticipated due

to “volunteer”

species

Water Depth

Year round functioning of SWM Total

Suspended

Solids: seasonal

effects

The Enhancements

Cold tolerant species

The Enhancements

Sediment Oxygenation

The Future

RESEARCH Climate change

Winter rainfall

Chloride levels

MONITORING Rainfall gauges

Continuous chemistry

Multiple seasons

SITES Wetlands

Varied climates

Aging facilities

PARTNERS NSERC

Private-sector

Municipal / Conservation

QUESTIONS

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