Existing Building Commissioning (EBCx) … Building Commissioning (EBCx) Workshop Series PEC Demand Analysis (Pre-data) Year: 2000 EBCx Workshop Series 2014-2015 3 Pre and Post Commissioning

Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy Center

Existing Building Commissioning (EBCx) Workshop Series

PEC Demand Analysis (Pre-data) Year: 2000

EBCx Workshop Series 2014-2015

3

Pre and Post Commissioning Data: 2001-2004

Average Daily Electrical Consumption

PG&E Pacific Energy Center

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

April

May

June Ju

ly

Augu

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ber

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kW

h April 2000 - March 2001

April 2002 - March 2003

April 2003 - March 2004


Figure 1. Pacific Energy Center, Whole Building Electric Energy Use, 2001-2005


5

Genesis of EBCx Workshop

• Many contributing reasons for workshop series – No training available on actual EBCx activities

– Concept complimented existing PEC Cx classes

– Regular students were asking for more hands-on

– PEC energy savings was not persisting

– Products from class supplement existing building documentation

– Opportunity to apply principles to other facilities and quantify energy savings

– Excuse to work with Dave Sellers and other FDE staff

• First workshop series began in May of 2005

• Independent projects introduced in third year (2007)

• Primary student objective shifts to achieving results with independent facility in fifth year. (2009)

• Tenth group started in July of this year.


Figure 2. Pacific Energy Center, Whole Building Electric Energy Use, 2005-2012


RCx Implementations

Drop Baseline

Consumption

7

Baseline holds with

seasonal variations for

about 2 years

8

Baseline spikes and

starts to drift up

triggering the idea of

teaching hands on

EBCx in the facility

as a means to do on-

going commissioning

9

EBCx class efforts return

consumption to the post

RCx baseline and keep it

there

10

Class focus shifts to

independent

buildings instead of

PEC operations

11

Control system upgrade

drives consumption back

down

12

13 The Building as a Classroom

Typical Class Structure

• Workshop size kept small to facilitate hands-on activities • Monthly meetings • Morning lecture on EBCx-related topics

– Defining Cx scope of work – Water-system opportunities – Air-system opportunities – Writing functional performance tests – Quantifying energy savings

• Guest lecturer at lunch

• Afternoon labs: “Voyage of Discovery” – Developing system diagrams – Setting up and analyzing trend data – Executing functional performance tests – Advanced calculations using excel

• Findings reported out at end of each workshop

Abbreviated Syllabus for 12 months Month Lecture Topics Lab Topics Homework Resources

Pre RCx101 training Benchmarking Building description template Energy Star Portfolio Manager; EnergyIQ

1 Defining EBCx work scope Scavenger hunt EBCx findings list FDE scoping tool

2 Review technical quiz ECAM & advanced excel System diagram Symbol library; ECAM

3 Mechanical system basics Otto Cx tool Write functional test Func. Test Library

4a Pump opportunities UT demo Collect trend data 1; develop points list

Tool Library; Control Spec Bldr

4b All day lab at student facility

5 Water-side opportunities Functional tests Collect trend data 2 Universal Translator

6a Air-side opportunities Functional tests Control logic diagrams Eikon (control logic)

6b All day lab at student facility

7 Building controls Functional tests Load calculation

8 Preliminary presentations Lighting tests Run functional test

9 Preliminary presentations Energy calculations Loop tuning

10 Preliminary presentations TBD Sequence of op

11 Preliminary presentations TBD Final presentation

12 Final presentations

15

Detailed Syllabus


Learning Objectives: Attendees will be able to… • benchmark a facility's annual energy use in Energy Star Portfolio Manager and Energy IQ.

• identify obvious indicators of EBCx opportunities as part of an initial facility walk-through.

• gather and analyze whole building interval data vs. simultaneous climate data.

• work with facility staff to gather information about facility performance, past repairs and other history.

• compare the accuracy of drawings and other documentation to the layout of a built system in the creation of system diagrams.

• recognize areas where data loggers will need to be installed to compliment EMS trend data.

• collect, analyze and diagnose EMS trend data or data from data loggers.

• write functional tests to verify the operation and performance of specific building systems.

• identify measurement equipment and other tools required to execute specific functional tests.

• plot field performance data on a pump curve.

• develop logic diagrams for a control sequence.

• develop a sequence of operation for the optimal control of equipment and systems.

• quantify the energy and financial savings of implementing EBCx measures.

• develop commissioning documentation including an EBCx scope of work, issues log and system manual.

16 EBCx Workshop Series 2014-2015

The Ten Key EBCx Technical Skills 1. The ability to benchmark your facility and analyze its utility consumption patterns.

2. The ability to scope a facility and identify obvious indicators of opportunity to improve performance and/or resource consumption.

3. Familiarity with HVAC fundamentals (which is a fairly broad topic we realize).

4. Have a firm grasp of the system concept and be able to apply it to develop or mentor the development of system diagrams for key systems in your facility.

5. Be familiar with the trending capabilities of your control system and know how to supplement its capabilities with data loggers.

6. Be familiar with functional testing techniques and know how to develop and run a test targeted at providing the data you need to resolve operational issues or provide data that can be used to improve your operations and/or support projects.

7. Be familiar with data analysis techniques that will allow you to use the date you collect from your trends, data loggers and tests to support projects and resolve operating challenges.

8. Be familiar with basic HVAC and energy calculations so you can use the results of your data analysis to assess the cost and benefit of improvements you are proposing.

9. Be familiar with Return On Investment (ROI) calculations so you can present your projects in the best light to management and the investors behind your facility. In particular, be familiar with the nuances of the ROI process and the related spreadsheet.

10.Develop a competency with control systems, including a basic understanding of how they function as well as an understanding of how to go about procuring one that will meet the needs of your immediate project and the ongoing needs of your facility. This will includes having an understanding of the role point lists, narrative sequences, logic diagrams, detailed specifications, and system diagrams have in the control system procurement process.


18

Attendee Commitment

• Students must identify an existing building they can access and impact utilizing strategies learned during the workshops.

• Students required to take pre-requisite: “RCx 101: Identifying and Assessing Common Retro-Cx Opportunities”.

• Students must commit to attending each session and stay for the duration. (Classes will begin at 8:30 am and finish at 4:30 pm.)

• Students must be willing to do homework each month (4-8 hours of work).

• Students will provide energy savings data for these independent projects at end of workshop series.

Meeting Dates July 31, 2014 September 11, 2014 October 16, 2014 November 6, 2014 November 7, 2014* December 11, 2014 January 8, 2015 January 9, 2015* February 5, 2015 March 12, 2015 April 9, 2015 May 7, 2015 June 4, 2015 July 9, 2015 * Fridays


19

EBCx Workshop Series: Years 1-9

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Year 4 Year 5

Year 7

19

Year 6 Year 8

Year 6

Year 9


Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy Center

Student Project Examples

EBCx-8 Initial Benchmarking Data


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

EUI f

rom

En

erg

y IQ

Energy Star Portfolio Manager Score

Benchmarking Data EBCx 2012-13

Interval Energy/Climate Data Scatter Plot


0

100

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30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

En

erg

y C

on

su

mp

tio

n (

kW

h)

Temperature

Meter 1 - kWh vs Temp (Sept 1st 2013 - Aug 31st 2014)

Initial Findings List


BR3 BR4 BR5

EX-2

Example System Diagram (Heating Loop)

GP-21 GP-22 GP-23

CV-10

GP-1 GP-2

CV-20 GP-19 GP-20

CV-12 CV-13

GP-18

HWV1,2,3

at BL1,2,3

HC (3)

Zone

RHC (typ.

of 21)

CV (21)

AHU1 AC32

AHU2

Main

HHW

Pumps

To Solar

(Abandoned)

N&W

Perim.

S&E

Perim.

The Building as a Classroom 24

Liping Wang- Building 90

Example Trend Data Graph


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29-Sep 30-Sep 1-Oct 2-Oct 3-Oct

VFD F

requ

enc

y (Hz)

Tempe

ratu

re (F)

Post Montgomery Center Cooling Tower Operation

OAWB CWST CWRT CT2 VFD Freq CT1 VFD Freq CT3 VFD Freq

1. CWST increases

3. Delta T in the CW loop is small at most

times. Install VFD on the CW pumps?

4. OAWB varies, but CSWT does not.

Implement CWST reset routine based on OAWB? 2. Tower fan signal

increases to maintain 70F. Tower appears to be working as intended.

Kapil Pundir – Post Montgomery Center

Example Functional Testing


Air-side Economizer TEST OBJECTIVE:

Verify performance of air-side economizers equipment

Verify system’s control sequence for optimal performance

ACTIVITIES:

Verify temperature sensor location and perform calibration check

Test equipment operation – exercise dampers

Control sequence testing:

- AHU off: Unoccupied Mode

- AHU on: Occupied (minimum outside air), Heating, Cooling, and Economizing Modes

Dawn Collins – City of Oakland Building 250 FOP

Pre - Data

Post - Data

Pump Curve (VFD project)

Chris Auriemma - 222 Kearney


cfm 40000

boiler eff 80% Equation: 1.08*CFM*Delta T

chw eff 0.7

Proposed Existing

OAT Hours SA Stpt

Heating

(btu/hr)

Cooling

(tons)

Cooling

kW

Heating

Therms

Cooling

kWh

Heating

(btu/hr)

Cooling

(tons)

Cooling

kW

Heating

Therms

Cooling

kWh

90 9 57 0 121 85 0 762 90,000 128.5 90 10 810

85 44 57 0 103 72 0 3,162 90,000 110.2 77 50 3,393

80 113 57 0 84 59 0 6,671 90,000 91.8 64 127 7,264

75 246 57 0 66 46 0 11,365 90,000 73.5 51 277 12,657

70 601 57 0 48 33 0 20,053 90,000 55.2 39 676 23,209

65 1009 58 0 24 17 0 17,191 90,000 31.8 22 1,135 22,488

60 2122 61 25,608 0 0 679 0 25,608 0.0 0 679 0

55 2290 63 343,288 0 0 9,827 0 343,288 0.0 0 9,827 0

50 1424 65 660,968 0 0 11,765 0 660,968 0.0 0 11,765 0

45 650 67 968,000 0 0 7,865 0 968,000 0.0 0 7,865 0

40 214 67 1,188,000 0 0 3,178 0 1,188,000 0.0 0 3,178 0

35 38 67 1,408,000 0 0 669 0 1,408,000 0.0 0 669 0

33,983 59,205 36,258 69,820

Energy Calculations (Bin Analysis)


Steve Brennan – Emeryville Office/Lab

Example Recommendation List Item # Issue Comments

1 Slab Pre-cool delay Logic Change

2 Changing all loops dp setpoint (CW, HW, Radiant)- too

high

Setpoint change only

3 Boiler Supply Water reduction. Use personal heaters in

Lobby/Offices – Reduce supply water temp @ boilers

Change for users and change setpoint at

boilers

4 Zone 2-3 to be removed from radiant loop override

logic

Logic Change (* radiant as-builts needed for

piping layout

5 Radiant loop override setpoint needs to be adjustable

(not in field bus)

Issue requested in original Cx

6 Air Handlers (AHU1 & AHU2) Pressure SP too high Setpoint change, sensor review

7 Slab setpoint should not have limit of 1 degree per hour

change

Issue in original Cx, believed it was removed but

trends show otherwise. Logic Change

8 Restaurant inefficiencies

9 Trending capabilities improved

10 Implement the Cal Hydro Internal factory controller

11 Replace or fix AHU2 dp sensor

12 Monitor OSA Sensor & observe impact on system

13 Resolve issues with suite 420/440

14 Replace of fix WB Sensor

15 Rebalance base building if necessary (AHU2, AHU1?)

Address AHU2 air distribution

16 Recommend reviewing main damper operation


Michelle Sagehorn- David Brower Center

Building EBCx project scope Energy saved Notes on savings calculations

large office building cooling tower sequencing 60,000 kWh/year student developed regression model and

conducted error anayis

College science building broken schedules and dampers 21,000 kWh/ year discovered energy waste over school's spring

break

High school operation of thermal storage system $1600/month on avoided demand

charges

bi-product of effort is new sequence of operation

for TES

Office and retail center VFD control on condensor water pumps 81,400 kWh/year installed measure!

Civic Center Tuning schedules and VFDs $50,000/year additional lighting retrofits not counted in

savings total

High school focus on boiler and controls 28,600 therms/year total of 8 measures (all calculated)

Grocery store pumping controls, service hot water 3000/ kWh/year reduced hot water waste with no cots measure

Wine distribution center Combination of equipment scheduling and load shifting. 35,200 kWh in 7 months. Actual savings verified through utility billing

data.

Church HVAC tune-up and lighting retrofit. 18% reduction in energy use Actual savings verified through utility billing

data.

Service center Upgrade controls, chiller sequence. 8.6% reduction in energy (gas &

electric)

Actual savings verified through utility billing

data.

Research facility

Correct fan schedule, economizer, night setbacks, boiler

operation, cooling staging, air balancing and simultaneous

heating and cooling.

115,000 kwh/year for fan scheduling

and setbacks

Combination of field measurements and

computer simulation.

Office building Over-cycling supply fan and broken economizers. 95,310 kwh/year Calculated savings using bin-simulation with

climate data.

Branch library Address throttled pumping, control optimization and calibration. 36,331 kWh & 268 therms/yr Calculated measures.

High school Condensing boiler, VFDs, tuning. $52,000/year Calculated measures.

Office building Modified fountain pumping, VFD retrofit for fans, utilize water-

side economizer. 416,434 kWh/year Calculated measures.

Community center with offices Calibrate sensors, change setpoints & fix scheduling issues. 11,973 kWh & 4,522 therms/yr Calculated measures.

Restaurant Adjust pump schedule, balancing HVAC system, adjust set-

points, & upgrade lighting systems. 8,137 kWh/year Calculated measures.

Office building VFD and optimization of condenser water system 36,787 kWh/year Calculated measures.

Lab/office building

Fix broken chilled water valve, adjust schedule, add control

resets, address HHW sequence, fix fume hood dampers, retrofit

boiler.

950,000 kWh/year Calculated measures using bin analysis and

measured data.

Office building VFD retrofits and control tuning. 113,235 kWh/year Measured savings at individual loads & billing

data.

Pre -2012 EBCx Projects: Energy Savings Data


From EBCx8, 2012-2013 Building electric savings

(kWh) kWh realized

natural gas savings (therms)

therms realized

resort/hotel 76,874 76,874 85,200 60,700

office/retail 93,315 93,315

school bldg. 87,591 13,855 6,953 3,597

university 52,542 13,698

library/offices 250,520 237,490 5,735 5,735

office 210,927 11,659

office 9741

warehouse 8,434

refrigerated warehouse 47,800

distribution center 44,646 5,065 1,101 1,101

research office 854.55 1920

medical clinic 49,961 36,650

airport terminal 56,765 56,765 24,813 24,813

multi-family & office 59,568

Total 1,049,539 520,014 151,079 95,946


From EBCx8, 2013-2014 Building electric savings (kWh) natural gas savings (therms) $ Saved

University laboratories 911,667 $109,400

Clean-room, lab, office 355,856 $59,783

University classrooms 356,938 1,800 $37,453

University classrooms 187,850 6,628 $31,988

Office Building 186,150 $24,050

Office Building 75,200 9,650 $21,550

University classrooms 111,092 $13,331


YMCA 66,300 1,170 $9,260




University offices 10,524 3,731 $4,621

Elementary School 29,077 $4,598

Dance studios and offices 20,055 $2,407

Energy Center 1,514 1,148 $1,215

Totals 2,541,365 24,127 $350,832


Success Elements

• Year-long structure

• Focus on existing buildings

• Pre-screen participants

• Generous Instructors

• Effort encourages low- and no- cost measures

• Require work outside of class time on project buildings

• Teaching facility is a learning lab

• High instructor to teacher ratio facilitates mentoring process

• To avoid double counting, it is best if energy savings relates to building tune-up opportunities (non-incented measures)

• Hold workshops for EBCx graduates to capture ongoing EBCx effort.



Accomplishments from 05-06 Workshop Series

• Fixed tubing at ice tanks (6/2005)

• Repaired leak at AHU#1 (7/2005)

• Fixed outside air temperature and humidity sensor (8/2005)

• Set up and verified 80 trended data points with EMS (2005)

• Recognized and repaired poor staging of ice/cooling (11/2005)

• Trimmed pump impeller (1/2006)

• Fixed air-side economizer (2/2006)

• Identified flow limitation of VAV boxes (2/2006)

• Added winter set-points and building warmup(2/2006)

• Fixed gauges at HHW boiler (2/2006)

• Developed alarms for critical equipment (3/2007)

• Wrote paper for National Conference on Building Commissioning (42006)

• Identified corrections to Systems Manual (4/2006)



• Repaired float and balanced system for space heating boiler (5/2006)

• Tested and added glycol to chilled water loop (9/2006)

• Removed unnecessary strainers at chilled water pumps (12/2006)

• Repaired insulation on chilled water pipes (1/2007)

• Replaced broken hot water actuator on AHU#2 (1/2007)

• Recreated trends and added additional points for total of 210 (3/2007)

• Closed valves on make-up water for chilled water loop (3/2007)

• Closed valves on make-up water for space heating boiler (3/2007)

• Closed valves at penthouse heating coil (4/2007)

• Developed proposals for moving basement VAV box (4/2007)

• Developed proposals for insulating ducts serving basement (4/2007)

• Analyzed chiller/thermal storage sequence of operation (4/2007)

• Repaired leak at compressor for chiller (5/2007)



• Initiated LEED EB process (5/2007)

• Repaired leak at compressor for chiller (5/2007)

• Implemented a time delay (10 seconds) for chiller flow switch (5/2007)

• Benchmarked PEC in Energy Star (6/2007)

• Established global control for zone temperatures (7/2007)

• Replaced ignition control for boiler (1/2008)

• Verified operation of lighting controls (3/2008)

• Developed work scope for controls retrofit (3/2008)

• Explored viability of demand ventilation controls (4/2008)

• Examined sequence of operation for chiller/TES (4/2008)

• Performed functional tests on VAV boxes (4/2008)

• Collected data on lighting controls (4/2008)

• Defined work scope for repairing & adding lighting controls (4/2008)



• Replaced high limit sensor for HHW boiler (11/2008)

• Added holidays to lighting schedule (1/2009)

• Replaced several broken lighting relays (2/2009)

• Fixed inlet for VAV box 1-7 (3/2009)

• Fixed broken actuator for AHU#1 (3/2009)

• Tested and investigated dimmable daylight controls (4/2009)

• Developed recommended schedule for ice-making mode (4/2009)

• Developed recommended setback temperature and schedule (4/2009)

• Recommend balancing VAV box 1-7 (4/2009)


Independent Projects from 2005-2009 Workshop Series

• 100 1st Plaza (office building) in San Francisco

• 4000 Civic Center (office building) in San Rafael

• Citigroup Center (office building) in San Francisco

• Data center facility in San Francisco

• Telecommunications company office building in San Francisco

• Multi-function research building in Livermore

• Nixon Elementary School in Stanford

• Placer County Resource Development Center in San Auburn

• Rinconada Public Pool in Palo Alto

• San Jose Fire Station #35 in San Jose

• St. Timothy’s Lutheran Church in San Jose

• Yolo County Administration Building in Woodland



• 1900 The Alameda office building

• ACCO Engineered Systems, Inc office building

• Data Center, Milpitas

• IDeAs Office Building

• Geyser Peak Winery

• Mills College, Fussellman Hall

• OptiSolar Inc, Building B1

• Portola Plaza Hotel & Spa

– Presidio Trust“1750” Operations building

• Raley’s Grocery store #307

• Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building

• Stanwell office building

• Tri County insulation Warehouse and offices



• 150 and 250 Frank Ogawa Plaza, Oakland • 222 Kearny, San Francisco • 651 Gateway, South San Francisco • The Brick Kiln, Larkspur • David Brower Center, Berkeley • EmeryStation North, Emeryville • Evergreen Library, San Jose • Gunderson High School, San Jose • Kendall Jackson Distribution Facility, American Canyon • Lawrence Berkeley Labs Building 90, Berkeley • Lindsay Wildlife Museum, Walnut Creek • Market Post Tower, San Jose • PG&E Hayward Service Center, Hayward • Santa Clara Towers, Santa Clara • Saratoga Federated Church, Saratoga • Scavenger Administration, South San Francisco

Independent Projects from 2011-2012Workshop Series

• AOL Headquarters, Palo Alto, CA

• City of Berkeley Main Library, Berkeley, CA

• "College of San Mateo (CSM) -Science Building and Planeterium, San Mateo, CA

• Marin Civic Center, San Rafael, CA

• Post Montgomery Center, San Francisco, CA

• Soquel High School, Soquel, CA

• Sutter General Medical Campus, Sacramento, CA

• The Briar Patch grocery store, Grass Valley, CA

• The Crest Theatre, Sacramento, CA

• The Orrick Building, San Francisco, CA

• Walnut Creek Office Campus, Walnut Creek, CA

• Woodcreek High School, Roseville, CA


Independent Projects from 2012-2013 Workshop Series • 3408 Hillview, Palo Alto, CA

• Building 704-Naval Post Graduate School, Monterey, CA

• Cascade Orthopedic, Chico, CA

• Contra Costa College, Student Services Center, San Pablo, CA

• Curran House, San Francisco, CA

• Kahlil Hall; 417 CPL Evans Rd, Presidio of Monterey, CA

• Kalmanovitz Library, UCSF, San Francisco, CA

• Knox Performing Arts Center , San Pablo, CA

• Le Conte Annex, UCB, Berkeley, CA

• Medical Clinic, Presidio of Monterey, CA

• Pacific Shores Center, 1600 Seaport Blvd., Redwood City , CA

• Post Montgomery Center, San Francisco, CA

• Rivermaid Trading Company, Lodi, CA

• San Jose Airport Terminal-A & B, San Jose, CA

• Siemens Building Technologies, Hayward, CA

• Squaw Valley Ski Resort, Olympic Valley, CA

• Thomas Berkley Square, Oakland, CA

• UPS North Bay Hub, Richmond, CA

• UPS Teagarden Facility, San Leandro, CA



• 441 Logue Ave, Mountain View, CA

• 2850 Telegraph Ave, UCB, Berkeley, CA

• Bridgelux, Inc., Livermore, CA

• Cory Hall, UCB, Berkeley, CA

• Crossroads Office Center, Mountain View, CA

• Keck Science Building, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA

• LADOT Hollywood, Los Angeles, CA

• Liberty Elementary School, Fresno, CA

• Music Center, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA

• The Mills Building, San Francisco, CA

• PG&E Pacific Energy Center, San Francisco, CA

• Physics and Astrophysics, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA

• San Francisco Ballet Association, San Francisco, CA

• Sherman Fairchild Building, Palo Alto, CA

• Social Sciences II, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA

• Thimann Labs, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA

• YMCA Sacramento, Sacrmento, CA


EBCx Past Participants • ACCO Engineered Systems

• Arup

• Axiom Engineers

• BASE Energy, Inc.

• Beyond Efficiency

• Capital Engineering Consultants, Inc

• Carbon Lighthouse

• EDesignC, Inc.

• EMCOR Energy Services

• Enernoc Energy

• Enovity

• Integral group

• kW Engineering

• Lawrence Berkeley National labs

• Lockheed Martin

• Nexant, Inc.

• PG&E

• Portland Energy Conservation Inc.

• RetroCom Energy Strategies

• Sherrill Engineering

• Siemens

• Taylor Engineering

• Western Allied Mechanical 44 EBCx Workshop Series 2013-2014

• Able Engineering

• City of Berkeley Energy Group

• City of San Jose facility staff

• City of Santa Cruz facility staff

• Clovis Unified School District facility staff

• Local 39 Facility Operators Union

• Jones Lang LaSalle

• Presidio of Monterey operations staff

• Roseville Joint Union High School District operations staff

• San Francisco Department of the Environment

• San Francisco State University facility staff

• San Jose State University facility staff

• San Mateo County facility staff

• Stanford University facility staff

• U.S. General Services Administration operations staff

• UC Berkeley facility staff

• University of California, Santa Cruz facility staff

• UPS operations staff

• US Navy operations staff

Bold = groups helping with outreach or facilities

Documents

Existing Building Commissioning (EBCx) … Building Commissioning (EBCx) Workshop Series PEC Demand Analysis (Pre-data) Year: 2000 EBCx Workshop Series 2014-2015 3 Pre and Post Commissioning