Exemplars in Geographical Thinking · fiˆ ˝˛ˇˇ˘ ˛ ˚˝ ˇ˛˙ ˇ˙˚ˆ ˜˚˛˝˙ˆˇ˘ ˛ ˘ˇ˙ ˇˆ ˜˚˛˛˝˙˚ˆˇ˘ ˆˆ˚ ˆ ˛ ˇ ˝ ˚ ˇ˘˝

PRIMARY

MIDDLE

INTERMEDIATE

SECONDARY

✔✔

Exemplars in Geographical Thinking

AUTHORS Jennifer Farrell-Cordon, Michael Fitzgerald, Usha James, Jane Kerr-Wilson, Amber Mitchell, Lisa Nellipuzha, Amy Parsons, Judy Wearing

EDITORS Catherine Edwards, Usha James, Stefan Stipp, Judy Wearing

Critical Challenges Across the Curriculum is a project of The Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2). TC2 is a non-profit partnership of schools, school districts, teacher professional associations, and other educational organizations. Its aim is to promote thinking from primary to post-secondary education through partner-sponsored professional development, publications, and research.

For more information, contact:

The Critical Thinking ConsortiumE-mail: [email protected]: www.tc2.ca

Critical Thinking in the DisciplinesThis series introduces the core tools needed to inquire critically within a specific discipline and offers multiple strategies and exemplary lessons to support teachers in embedding thinking into teaching the subject matter. TC2 has published titles in both English and French that explore discipline-based thinking in history, geography, and archaeology.

ISBN 978-0-86491-391-3

9 780864 913913

French edition availble now

A collection of eight critical challenges to engage students in thinking geographically about a wide range of regional, national and global issues

EGT-eng-front_cover

Authors: Bob Sharpe, Kamilla Bahbahani, Niem Tu Huynh

Editors: Roland Case, Judy Wearing

Tools for Critical Inquiry

Tools for Critical Inquiry is a project of The Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2 ). TC2 is a non-profit

partnership of schools, school districts, teacher professional associations, and other educational

organizations. Its aim is to promote thinking from primary to post-secondary education through

partner-sponsored professional development, publications, and research.

For more information, contact:

The Critical Thinking Consortium

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.tc2.ca


This series introduces the core tools needed to inquire critically within a specific discipline and offers

multiple strategies and exemplary lessons to support teachers in embedding thinking into teaching the

subject matter. TC2 has published titles in both English and French that explore discipline-based thinking

in history, geography, and archaeology.

Traductrice et auteure de l’édition française : Catherine Duquette

Éditrice de l’édition française : Romy Cooper

Auteurs de l’édition anglaise : Bob Sharpe, Kamilla Bahbahani, Niem Tu Huynh

outils d’enquête d’analyse c

ritique

Enseigner la pensée géographique

Les ressources pédagogiques « Outils pour la pensée géographique » sont des outils d’enseignement

créés par The Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2 ). Le consortium est un organisme sans but

lucratif regroupant des écoles, des conseils scolaires, des facultés d’éducation, des associations

professionnelles et des organismes œuvrant dans le monde de l’éducation. Son but est de

promouvoir le développement de la pensée critiq

ue à tous les niveaux d’études au

moyen d’ouvrages, de travaux de recherche et de formation professionnelle.

Pour en savoir plus


Courriel : [email protected]

Site Web : www.tc2.ca

La pensée critique dans les disciplines

Nous offrons des publications en français qui expliquent la pensée critique en histoire et en géographie,

et qui offrent des leçons modèles pour enseigner aux élèves comment réfléchir à une variété de sujets

dans le curriculum d’histoire et de géographie.

Une resso

urce didactique pour

enseigner six concepts p

ermetta

nt

aux élèves de développer le

ur pensée

critique en hist

oire

Une ressource didactique

pour enseigner six concepts

permetta

nt aux élèves de

développer leur p

ensée

critique en géographie

Un ensemble de neuf défis

d’analyse critique pour

encourager les élèves à

penser de façon critique en

histoire du Canada au XXe

siècle, en s’appuyant sur un

éventail d’événements et de

personnages

Un ensemble de huit défis




géographie, en s’appuyant

sur un large éventail de

sujets et d’enjeux régionaux,

nationaux et mondiaux

ISBN 9

78-0-8

6491-3

95-1


Consult our website for

details of titles in this series

that are available in French

Teaches six portal concepts

to nurture critical inquiry in

archaeology

A collection of nine critical challenges

that encourage students to think

historically about twentieth-century

Canadian history

The CriticalThinking Consortium

Exemplars in Historical Thinking:

20th Century Canada

AUTHORS Mike Bowman • Mike Clare • Tim Dingwall • Garfield

Gini-Newman • Jan Haskings-Winner • Anita Kyriakou

Charles Leskun • Linda Mowatt • Rick Olma

Larry O’Malley • Ian Pettigrew • Jennifer Watt

EDITORS Garfield Gini-Newman • Catriona Misfeldt

S E R I E S E D I T O RRoland Case

P r i m a r y

i n t e r m e d i a t e

m i d d l e

s e n i o r✔

A C R O S S T H E C U R R I C U l U mA C R O S S T H E C U R R I C U l U m

Exemplars in H

istorical Thinking: 20th Century Canada

✔

Critical Challenges across the Curriculum is a project of the Critical thinking Consortium. tC2

is a non-profit partnership of school districts, faculties of education, teacher professional

associations, and other educational organizations. our aim is to promote critical thinking

from primary to post-secondary education through partner-sponsored professional

development, publications, and research.

For more information about TC2


University of British Columbia

6365 Biological Sciences Road

Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4

TeL 604-822-9297 • fAx 604-822-6603

e-MAIL [email protected]

WeBSITe www.tc2.ca

SCHOOl DISTRICTS

AND SCHOOlS

Balmoral HallBranksome HallCalgary Board of education

Campbell River School District

Central Okanagan School District

Comox Valley School District

Delta School District

District School Board of Niagara

english Schools foundation

foundations for the future Charter Academy

Halton District School Board

Little flower SchoolNanaimo School District

Okanagan-Similkameen School District

Peace Wapiti School District

Peel District School Board

Saskatoon Public Schools

Southridge SchoolSt. John’s SchoolSt. Mildred’s-Lightbourn School

Stratford HallTall Pines SchoolToronto District School Board

Toronto french School

Toronto Montessori Schools

Upper Canada District School Board

Vancouver School District

York House School

EDUCATIONAl ORGANIZATIONS

AND ASSOCIATIONS

BC Social Studies Teachers’ Association

BC Teacher-Librarians’ Association

Begbie Contest Society

Calgary Regional Consortium

Central Alberta Regional Consortium

edmonton Regional Learning Consortium

english Schools foundation

LesPlan educational Services

Library & Archives Canada

Northwest Regional Learning Consortium

Ontario Association for Geographic and

environmental education

Ontario Geography, History, Humanities

and Social Sciences Consultants’ Association

Ontario History, Humanities and Social Science

Teachers’ Association

Ontario Teachers’ federation

Prairie Association of Christian Schools

Provincial Intermediate Teachers’ Association

Southern Alberta Professional Development

ConsortiumStatistics CanadaThe History education Network/

Histoire et Éducation en Réseau

COllEGES ANDUNIvERSITIES

Antigua State College

Simon fraser University

University of British Columbia

University of British Columbia-Okanagan


9130297808649

ISBN 978-0-86491-302-9

ISBN 978

-0-86491

-317-3

913173

7808649

ISBN 9780864913173

Teaching Geographical Thinking

Teaching Geographical Thinking

Exemplars in G

eographical Thinking


A P P L I C A T I O N S I N T E R D I S C I P L I N A I R E S

PRIMAIRE

MOYEN

INTERMÉDIAIRE

SECONDAIRE✔✔


AUTHORS Jennifer Farrell-Cordon, Michael Fitzgerald, Usha James, Jane Kerr-Wilson,

Amber Mitchell, Lisa Nellipuzha, Amy Parsons, Judy Wearing

EDITORS Usha James, Stefan Stipp, Judy Wearing

A collection of eight critical challenges

that encourage students to think

geographically about a large range

of local, national, and world issues in

geography

Teaching Historical

Thinking

ÉDITEUR DE LA SÉRIE : ROLAND CASE

Outils d’enquête d’analyse critique

Tools for Critical analysis

Teaching Historical Thinking

Authors: Stefan Stipp, Lindsay Gibson, Mike Denos,

Roland Case, James Miles

Teaches six portal concepts to nurture

critical inquiry in history

Revised and expanded edition

EGT-eng-front_cover


ÉDITEUR DE LA SÉRIE : ROLAND CASE


Tools for Critical inquiry


AUTHORS Stefan Stipp • Lindsay Gibson • Mike Denos

Roland Case • James Miles

Revised and expanded edition


Exemplars in Historical Thinking:20th Century Canada

AUTHORS Mike Bowman • Mike Clare • Tim Dingwall • Garfield

Gini-Newman • Jan Haskings-Winner • Anita Kyriakou

Charles Leskun • Linda Mowatt • Rick Olma

Larry O’Malley • Ian Pettigrew • Jennifer Watt

EDITORS Garfield Gini-Newman • Catriona Misfeldt

S E R I E S E D I T O RRoland Case

P r i m a r yi n t e r m e d i a t em i d d l e

s e n i o r

✔

A C R O S S T H E C U R R I C U l U m

A C R O S S T H E C U R R I C U l U m

Exemplars in H

istorical Thinking: 20th Century Canada

✔

Critical Challenges across the Curriculum is a project of the Critical thinking Consortium. tC2

is a non-profit partnership of school districts, faculties of education, teacher professional

associations, and other educational organizations. our aim is to promote critical thinking

from primary to post-secondary education through partner-sponsored professional

development, publications, and research.

For more information about TC2

The Critical Thinking ConsortiumUniversity of British Columbia6365 Biological Sciences RoadVancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4TeL 604-822-9297 • fAx 604-822-6603e-MAIL [email protected] www.tc2.ca

SCHOOl DISTRICTS AND SCHOOlSBalmoral HallBranksome HallCalgary Board of educationCampbell River School DistrictCentral Okanagan School DistrictComox Valley School DistrictDelta School DistrictDistrict School Board of Niagara

english Schools foundationfoundations for the future Charter AcademyHalton District School BoardLittle flower SchoolNanaimo School DistrictOkanagan-Similkameen School District

Peace Wapiti School DistrictPeel District School BoardSaskatoon Public SchoolsSouthridge SchoolSt. John’s SchoolSt. Mildred’s-Lightbourn School

Stratford HallTall Pines SchoolToronto District School BoardToronto french SchoolToronto Montessori Schools

Upper Canada District School BoardVancouver School DistrictYork House School

EDUCATIONAl ORGANIZATIONSAND ASSOCIATIONSBC Social Studies Teachers’ Association

BC Teacher-Librarians’ AssociationBegbie Contest SocietyCalgary Regional Consortium

Central Alberta Regional Consortiumedmonton Regional Learning Consortiumenglish Schools foundationLesPlan educational Services

Library & Archives CanadaNorthwest Regional Learning ConsortiumOntario Association for Geographic and

environmental educationOntario Geography, History, Humanities

and Social Sciences Consultants’ Association

Ontario History, Humanities and Social Science

Teachers’ AssociationOntario Teachers’ federationPrairie Association of Christian Schools Provincial Intermediate Teachers’ Association

Southern Alberta Professional Development

ConsortiumStatistics CanadaThe History education Network/ Histoire et Éducation en Réseau

COllEGES ANDUNIvERSITIESAntigua State CollegeSimon fraser UniversityUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of British Columbia-Okanagan


913029780864

9

ISBN 978-0-86491-302-9Tea

chin

g a

Rcha

eOLO

gica

L Thin

king


Author Judy WearingEditors catherine edwards Roland case

Tools for Critical Inquiry is a project of The Critical Thinking Consortium. TC2 is a non-profit partnership

of schools, school districts, faculties of education, teacher professional associations, universities and

other educational organizations. Its aim is to promote critical thinking from primary to post-secondary

education through partner-sponsored professional development, publications and research.

Teaching archaeological Thinking

consortium

thinking

criticalthe

consortium

thinking

criticalthe

School Districts and Schools

Branksome HallBurnaby School DistrictCanadian Rockies Public Schools

Central Okanagan School District

Chinook’s Edge School Division

Delta School DistrictDistrict School Board of Niagara

Foundations for the Future Charter Academy

Grand Erie District School Board

Halton District School BoardKingsway College School

Little Flower AcademyMontgomery County Public Schools

Northern Gateway School Division #10

Northwest Territories Education,

Culture and EmploymentParkland School Division #70

Peace Wapiti School DivisionPeel School BoardPrairie Association of Christian

SchoolsPrairie Rose School DivisionRainy River District School Board

Saskatoon Public SchoolsSouthridge SchoolSt. Mildred’s Lightbourn School

Stratford HallTall Pines SchoolThames Valley District School Board

Toronto French SchoolToronto District School Board

Toronto Montessori SchoolsUnited Synagogue Day School

Vancouver School DistrictWaterloo Regional District School Board

Yellowknife Education District #1

York House SchoolYork Region District School Board

Educational Organizations

and AssociationsAlberta Teachers’ AssociationBC Teacher-Librarians’ Association

Begbie Contest SocietyCalgary Regional Consortium

Canadian Council for Geographic Education

Central Alberta Regional Consortium

Edmonton Regional Learning Consortium

The History Education Network/

Histoire et Éducation en Réseau

Learning Network Educational Services

LesPlan Educational ServicesLibrary and Archives of Canada

Northwest Regional Learning Consortium

Ontario Association for Geographic

and Environmental Education

Ontario Family Studies Leadership Council

Ontario History, Humanities and Social

Science Consultants Association

Ontario History and Social Science

Teachers’ AssociationOntario Teachers’ Federation

Provincial Intermediate Teachers’ Association

Science Times CollaborativeSouthern Alberta Professional

Development ConsortiumStatistics CanadaSunshine Coast Teachers Association

UniversitiesAntigua State CollegeOntario Institute for the Study in

Education/University of Toronto

Simon Fraser UniversityUniversity of British Columbia

913197780864

9

ISBN 978-0-86491-319-7


S e r i e S e d i t o r roland CaSe

For more informationThe critical Thinking consortium (Tc2)

#330 – 77 West 8th AveVancouver, British Columbia V5Y 1M8

tel/fax: 604-639-6325email: [email protected]

website: www.tc2.caThis resource was published with the generous support of the The Learning Education Network

consortium

thinking

criticalthe

Leçons modèles de pensée géographique

Défis d’analyse critiqueA P P L I C A T I O N S I N T E R D I S C I P L I N A I R E S

PRIMAIRE

MOYEN

INTERMÉDIAIRE

SECONDAIRE

✔✔


TRADUCTEURS Laurier Translations

AUTEURE CONTRIBUTRICE Catherine Duquette

ÉDITRICE DE L’ÉDITION FRANÇAISE Romy Cooper

Les ressources pédagogiques « Outils pour la pensée géographique » sont des outils d’enseignement créés par The Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2). Le consortium est un organisme sans but lucratif regroupant des écoles, des conseils scolaires, des facultés d’éducation, des associations professionnelles et des organismes œuvrant dans le monde de l’éducation. Son but est de promouvoir le développement de la pensée critique à tous les niveaux d’études au moyen d’ouvrages, de travaux de recherche et de formation professionnelle.

Pour en savoir plus

The Critical Thinking ConsortiumCourriel : [email protected] Web : www.tc2.ca

La pensée critique dans les disciplinesNous offrons des publications en français qui expliquent la pensée critique en histoire et en géographie, et qui offrent des leçons modèles pour enseigner aux élèves comment réfléchir à une variété de sujets dans le curriculum d’histoire et de géographie.

Auteurs de l’édition anglaise : Mike Denos • Roland Case

Éditeurs de l’édition anglaise : Peter Seixas • Penney Clark

Enseigner la pensée historique

Enseigner la

pensée historiqueTraducteur et auteur de l’édition

française : Stéphane Lévesque

Éditrice de l’édition française :

Romy Cooper

ÉDITEUR DE LA SÉRIE : RoLAnD CASE


The Critical

Thinking Consortium

Les ressources pédagogiques « outils pour la pensée historique » sont des outils d’enseignement créés par

le Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2 ). TC2 est un consortium sans but lucratif regroupant des écoles, des

conseils scolaires, des facultés d’éducation, des associations professionnelles et des organismes œuvrant

dans le monde de l’éducation. Son but est de promouvoir le développement de la pensée critique à tous

les niveaux d’études au moyen d’ouvrages, de travaux de recherche et de formation professionnelle.

Pour en savoir plus




ConSEILS SCoLAIRES

Buffalo Trail Public Schools

Regional Division no. 28

Burnaby School District #41

Calgary Board of Education

Calgary Catholic School District

Central okanagan School District #23

Conseil des écoles catholiques du

Centre-est

Coquitlam School District #43

Delta School District #37

District School Board of niagara

Grande Prairie Public School District

Horizon School District

Kootenay Lake School District #8

Montgomery County Public Schools

northern Gateway Regional Division

no. 10

northwest Territories Education

ottawa Catholic School Board

ottawa-Carleton District School Board

Parkland School Division



Seaford School District

Sturgeon School Division

Surrey School District #36

Upper Grand District School Board

Vancouver School District #39

York Region District School Board

ASSoCIATIonS PRofESSIonnELLES

Alberta Teachers Association

BC Teacher Librarians Association

ontario Teachers federation

ÉCoLES

Athol Murray College of notre Dame

Bowen Island Community School

Branksome Hall

Elmwood School

Harry J Clarke

Jackman Public School

Jonah Amitnaaq Secondary School

Little flower Academy

Miss Edgar’s and Miss Cramps School

Montcrest School

Pickering College

Robbins Hebrew Academy

Rockway Mennonite Collegiate

St. Andrew`s College

Stratford Hall

The Bishop Strachan School

University of Toronto Schools

AUTRES oRGAnISMES



Learning network Educational Services

northwest Regional Learning Consortium

Science Times Collaborative

Southern Alberta Professional

Development Consortium

The History Education network

Cette ressource a pu être produite

grâce au soutien du ministère de

l’Éducation de l’Ontario.

The Critical

Thinking Consortium

ISBN 978

-0-86491

-350-0

Une ressource didactique pour

enseigner six concepts permettant

aux élèves de développer leur pensée

critique en histoire

A P P L I C A T I O N s I N T e r D I s C I P L I N A I r e s

Leçons modèles de pensée historique : le XXe siècle au Canada

TrADUCTeUrs Michel Lefebvre • Sylvie Lefebvre

ÉDITeUrs Romy Cooper • Garfield Gini-Newman • Catriona Misfeldt

PRiMAiREMOYEN

iNTERMÉDiARESECONDAiRE

✔✔

Défis d’analyse critique

Défis d’an

alyse critique

Leçons modèles de pensée historique: le XX

e siècle au Canada

Les ressources pédagogiques « Outils pour la pensée historique » sont des outils d’enseignement

créés par le Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2). Le consortium est un organisme sans but lucratif

regroupant des écoles, des conseils scolaires, des facultés d’éducation, des associations profes-

sionnelles et des organismes œuvrant dans le monde de l’éducation. Son but est de promouvoir

le développement de la pensée critique à tous les niveaux d’études au moyen d’ouvrages,

de travaux de recherche et de formation professionnelle.

Pour en savoir plus The Critical Thinking ConsortiumCourriel : [email protected] Web : www.tc2.ca

Cette ressource a pu être produite grâce au soutien du ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario

et History Education Network/Histoire et éducation en réseau (THEN/HiER), une organisa-

tion pancanadienne financée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada.ISBN 978-0-86491-390-6

La pensée critique dans les disciplinesNous offrons des publications en français qui expliquent la pensée critique en histoire et en géographie,


dans les curriculums d’histoire et de géographie.

Une ressource didactique pour ensei-

gner six concepts permettant aux élèves

de développer leur pensée critique en

histoire


Traductrice et auteure de l’édition française : Catherine Duquette Éditrice de l’édition française : Romy Cooper

Auteures de l’édition anglaise : Kamilla Bahbahani, Niem Tu Huynh

outils d’enquêtte d’analyse critique


Une ressource didactique pour enseigner six concepts

permettant aux élèves de développer leur pensée critique en géographie





histoire du Canada au XX e



personnes










Leçons modèles de pensée

historique : le XXe siècle au Canada


ÉDITeUrs Romy Cooper • Garfield Gini-Newman • Catriona Misfeldt PRiMAiREMOYENiNTERMÉDiARESECONDAiRE

✔✔


consortium

thinking

criticalthe

Défis d’analyse critiqueLeçons modèles de pensée historique: le XXe siècle au Canada


créés par le Critical Thinking Consortium (TC 2). Le consortium est un organisme sans but lucratif





Pour en savoir plus






tion pancanadienne financée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada. ISBN 978-0-86491-390-6





Une ressource didactique pour ensei-gner six concepts permettant aux élèves de développer leur pensée critique en histoire


Traductrice et auteure de l’édition française : Catherine Duquette Éditrice de l’édition française : Romy CooperAuteures de l’édition anglaise : Kamilla Bahbahani, Niem Tu Huynh



Une ressource didactique pour enseigner six concepts permettant aux élèves de développer leur pensée critique en géographie




PRIMAIREMOYENINTERMÉDIARESECONDAIRE✔✔

Leçons modèles de

pensée géographique

TrADUCTeUrs Laurier Translations

AUTeUre CONTrIBUTrICe Catherine Duquette

ÉDITrICe De L’ÉDITION FrANÇAIse Romy Cooper








personnes












PRIMAIREMOYENINTERMÉDIARESECONDAIRE

✔✔

Leçons modèles de







permettant aux élèves de

développer leur pensée

critique en géographieUn ensemble de neuf défis d’analyse critique pour encourager les élèves à penser de façon critique en

histoire du Canada au XXe siècle, en s’appuyant sur un éventail d’événements et de personnages

Un ensemble de huit défis d’analyse critique pour



géographie, en s’appuyant sur un large éventail de

sujets et d’enjeux régionaux, nationaux et mondiaux

ISBN 978-0-86491-393-7

EGT-FR-cover-PRESS.indd 1 2016-10-27 10:26 AM

A collection of nine critical challenges that encourage

students to think historically about twentieth-century

Canadian historyFrench edition available

A professional resource to teach

six portal concepts to nurture

critical inquiry in history

French edition available

A professional resource to teach six

portal concepts to nurture critical

inquiry in archaeology

A professional resource to

teach six portal concepts

to nurture critical inquiry in

geography

French edition available

critical challengesA C R O S S T H E C U R R I C U L U M

Exemplars in G

eographical Thinking

TC2-EGT-eng-cover-FINAL.indd 1 2016-12-12 3:40 PM

Teachers wanting to engage their students in critical inquiry will find Exemplars in Geographical Thinking a valuable resource. It contains eight critical challenges to engage students in thinking geographically about a wide range of regional, national and global issues. The lessons are designed to introduce six core concepts in geographical thinking:

• spatial significance

• evidence and interpretation

• patterns and trends

• interrelationships

• geographical perspective

• ethical judgment

Written by practising teachers and enriched by input from experienced teachers in the field, this resource contains critical challenges that were field tested in classrooms and have been revised based on experiences with students. The result is a resource that provides teachers with concrete examples to support student inquiry and nurture and develop geographical thinking.

www.tc2.ca/shop


Suitable for middle school and secondary

© The Critical Thinking Consortium 2016

ISBN 978-0-86491-391-3 • $32.95 • 192 pagessoftcover



outils d’enquête d’analyse critique



créés par The Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2). Le consortium est un organisme sans but



promouvoir le développement de la pensée critique à tous les niveaux d’études au









histoire







d’analyse critique pour encourager les élèves à





personnes









ISBN 978-0-86491-395-1



outils d’enquête d’analyse critique



créés par The Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2). Le consortium est un organisme sans but



promouvoir le développement de la pensée critique à tous les niveaux d’études au









histoire







d’analyse critique pour encourager les élèves à





personnes









ISBN 978-0-86491-395-1


Défis d’analyse critiqueA P P L I C A T I O N S I N T E R D I S C I P L I N A I R E S

PRIMAIRE

MOYEN

INTERMÉDIAIRE

SECONDAIRE

✔✔


TRADUCTEURS Laurier Translations

AUTEURE CONTRIBUTRICE Catherine Duquette

ÉDITRICE DE L’ÉDITION FRANÇAISE Romy Cooper

Les ressources pédagogiques « Outils pour la pensée géographique » sont des outils d’enseignement créés par The Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2). Le consortium est un organisme sans but lucratif regroupant des écoles, des conseils scolaires, des facultés d’éducation, des associations professionnelles et des organismes œuvrant dans le monde de l’éducation. Son but est de promouvoir le développement de la pensée critique à tous les niveaux d’études au moyen d’ouvrages, de travaux de recherche et de formation professionnelle.

Pour en savoir plus

The Critical Thinking ConsortiumCourriel : [email protected] Web : www.tc2.ca

La pensée critique dans les disciplinesNous offrons des publications en français qui expliquent la pensée critique en histoire et en géographie, et qui offrent des leçons modèles pour enseigner aux élèves comment réfléchir à une variété de sujets dans le curriculum d’histoire et de géographie.

Auteurs de l’édition anglaise : Mike Denos • Roland Case

Éditeurs de l’édition anglaise : Peter Seixas • Penney Clark

Enseigner la pensée historique

Enseigner la

pensée historiqueTraducteur et auteur de l’édition

française : Stéphane Lévesque

Éditrice de l’édition française :

Romy Cooper

ÉDITEUR DE LA SÉRIE : RoLAnD CASE


The Critical

Thinking Consortium

Les ressources pédagogiques « outils pour la pensée historique » sont des outils d’enseignement créés par

le Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2 ). TC2 est un consortium sans but lucratif regroupant des écoles, des

conseils scolaires, des facultés d’éducation, des associations professionnelles et des organismes œuvrant

dans le monde de l’éducation. Son but est de promouvoir le développement de la pensée critique à tous

les niveaux d’études au moyen d’ouvrages, de travaux de recherche et de formation professionnelle.

Pour en savoir plus




ConSEILS SCoLAIRES

Buffalo Trail Public Schools

Regional Division no. 28

Burnaby School District #41

Calgary Board of Education

Calgary Catholic School District

Central okanagan School District #23

Conseil des écoles catholiques du

Centre-est

Coquitlam School District #43

Delta School District #37

District School Board of niagara

Grande Prairie Public School District

Horizon School District

Kootenay Lake School District #8

Montgomery County Public Schools

northern Gateway Regional Division

no. 10

northwest Territories Education

ottawa Catholic School Board

ottawa-Carleton District School Board

Parkland School Division



Seaford School District

Sturgeon School Division

Surrey School District #36

Upper Grand District School Board

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Cette ressource a pu être produite

grâce au soutien du ministère de

l’Éducation de l’Ontario.

The Critical

Thinking Consortium

ISBN 978

-0-86491

-350-0

Une ressource didactique pour

enseigner six concepts permettant

aux élèves de développer leur pensée

critique en histoire


Leçons modèles de pensée historique : le XXe siècle au Canada


ÉDITeUrs Romy Cooper • Garfield Gini-Newman • Catriona Misfeldt

PRiMAiREMOYEN

iNTERMÉDiARESECONDAiRE

✔✔


Défis d’an

alyse critiqu

eLeçons m

odèles de pensée historique: le XXe siècle au C

anada


créés par le Critical Thinking Consortium (TC2). Le consortium est un organisme sans but lucratif








tion pancanadienne financée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada.ISBN 978-0-86491-390-6







histoire


Traductrice et auteure de l’édition française : Catherine Duquette Éditrice de l’édition française : Romy Cooper

Auteures de l’édition anglaise : Kamilla Bahbahani, Niem Tu Huynh



Une ressource didactique pour enseigner six concepts

permettant aux élèves de développer leur pensée critique en géographie








personnes










Leçons modèles de pensée

historique : le XXe siècle au Canada


ÉDITeUrs Romy Cooper • Garfield Gini-Newman • Catriona Misfeldt PRiMAiREMOYENiNTERMÉDiARESECONDAiRE

✔✔


consortium

thinking

criticalthe

Défis d’an

alyse critique

Leçons modèles de pensée historique: le XXe siècle au Canada


créés par le Critical Thinking Consortium (TC 2). Le consortium est un organisme sans but lucratif





Pour en savoir plus






tion pancanadienne financée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada. ISBN 978-0-86491-390-6





Une ressource didactique pour ensei-gner six concepts permettant aux élèves de développer leur pensée critique en histoire


Traductrice et auteure de l’édition française : Catherine Duquette

Éditrice de l’édition française : Romy CooperAuteures de l’édition anglaise : Kamilla Bahbahani, Niem Tu Huynh



Une ressource didactique pour enseigner six concepts permettant aux élèves de développer leur pensée critique en géographie





✔✔

Leçons modèles de












personnes













✔✔

Leçons modèles de









critique en géographieUn ensemble de neuf défis d’analyse critique pour encourager les élèves à penser de façon critique en

histoire du Canada au XXe siècle, en s’appuyant sur un éventail d’événements et de personnages

Un ensemble de huit défis d’analyse critique pour



géographie, en s’appuyant sur un large éventail de

sujets et d’enjeux régionaux, nationaux et mondiaux

ISBN 978-0-86491-393-7

EGT-FR-cover-PRESS.indd 1 2016-10-27 10:26 AM

ISBN 978-0-86491-393-7 • $32.95 • 198 pages

FRENCH EDITION!

This publication is accompanied by an online supplement containing resources that complement and extend aspects of the print resource.

Now

availab

le!

CRITICAL CHALLENGES

1 What’s hidden in a map?

2 Has the media convinced me?

3 What do the numbers tell?

4 Where’s the pattern?

5 What’s Canada’s greatest disaster?

6 Which image captures the place?

7 To burn or not to burn?

8 Whose voice needs to be heard?

Student activity sheets

Suggested Activities

Exemplars in Geographical Thinking 3 The Critical Thinking Consortium

Documents #1-3, Activity Sheets #1-3

Assemble maps for analysis

Prepare activity sheets

Pre-planning

Students will need access to three or four different maps of an area that students may or may not be familiar with. The maps should have been created for different purposes and include different features. Crop out or cover up the map titles (or other distinguishing marks) that directly indicate the map’s purpose and audience. Within this publication and online at https://tc2.ca.EGT, we provide three city of Toronto maps—Documents #1-3, Mystery Maps A-C.

Photocopy activity sheets as required.

Session One

Invite students to draw a freehand map of their school and its surrounding neighbourhood without referring to any resources beyond their own memory. Ask students to compare their maps with those drawn by at least two other students. Direct them to identify at least three similarities and three differences among their maps.

Encourage students to think about which neighbourhood features they chose to include, the size of those features, and the level of detail they included. Suggest that all mapmakers make decisions about what to highlight and what to ignore or downplay in their maps. Explain that when we examine closely what a map includes and excludes, we can infer what the mapmaker judged to be spatially significant.

Discuss with students the idea that differences in perspective of any kind will be reflected in assessments about which features or locations are important. Differences in perspective may be shaped by the purpose of the map or by the personal or cultural perspectives of the mapmaker.

Introduce spatial significance

Explore mapmakers’ choices


11


Document #1

Mystery map A


12


Document #2

Mystery Map B


13


Document #3

Mystery map C

Consider differences in perspectives

Suggested Activities


Making plausible inferences

Observation Possible inference Is this a plausible Explain your rating inference?

The map showsthe location ofmany parks inthe town.

The mostprominentfeatures on themap aresubway stopsand bus routenumbers.

The city is famous for its parks.

There are no industrialareas in this city.

The purpose of the mapmight be related toparks and recreation.

There are not enough parks in the city.

o very likelyo possibleo unlikelyo impossible





This map is meant for people interested in taking public transit to get around.

The creators of the map are trying to promote the use of public transit instead of driving.

The city has significant problems with traffic congestion.

Roads are in poor repair.

It is easier to get around by public transit than by driving.





Name: ______________________________________________________ Activity Sheet #2


Overview

Critical tasks

Specificlearning targets

Broadunderstanding

Critical Challenge

What’s hidden in a map?Inferring spatial significance from maps

A. Examine three different maps of the same place and infer what judgments each mapmaker made about spatial significance in order to determine the audience and purpose of each of the maps.

B. Create a map for a particular purpose and audience and include the most spatially significant features.

In this two-part challenge, students explore the ways in which mapmakers’ purposes inform their judgments about spatially significant features, which in turn affects the message presented by a map. In the first part of the challenge, students create their own maps based on their memories of a known place. They compare maps prepared by their classmates to explore reasons why maps of the same location might differ. They examine three maps of the same place (in this case, Toronto) and identify what information is included and excluded. They draw inferences about the mapmakers’ purposes, identify judgments about spatially significant features made by the mapmakers, and consider the impressions these maps convey about the place. Students communicate their understanding of the maps’ purposes by creating representative titles for each of the maps. In part two of this challenge, students create a map with a specific purpose and audience in mind. They select the most significant geographical features to include on the map to fulfill this purpose. They exchange their maps with other students who try to infer the purpose and intended audience.

A mapmaker’s purpose and judgments about what is significant can be inferred by examining which map features are included, emphasized or excluded.

• Students can infer the purpose and audience of a map by studying its features.

• Students can create a map for a specific purpose and audience.

Background knowledge

• familiarity with with the geographical features of the local community

Objectives

Spatial

significance

A

Requisitetools

Critical challenge


Name : ______________________________________________________ Briefing Sheet #5

Ice storm—Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick (1998)

Guess what the most expensive natural disaster in Canadian history might be. A massive earthquake? A hurricane? Maybe a flood? The answer is none of these—rather, it was freezing rain. When the air is warm in winter, precipitation sometimes falls as rain, turning to ice as it hits the cold ground and any objects on its surface, including trees, houses, cars and hydroelectric transmission wires. If the freezing rain lasts, ice accumulates. Such an event is known as an ice storm. The most expensive Canadian natural disaster was an ice storm that occurred in January 1998 that left a huge swath of land stretching from Kitchener, Ontario, in the west through Quebec to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in the east in a layer of ice. While most ice storms last a few hours, this one lasted 80 hours, more than three days.

During this massive ice storm, the weight of the ice caused millions of trees to fall over, and thousands of utility poles and hydroelectric transmission wires were knocked down. Transmission towers were also destroyed—130,000 of them, according to some estimates—and power outages were widespread. Over four million people lost power, and, in rural areas, 700,000 people remained without power for up to a month. The estimated cost of the ice storm was more than $5 billion. More than 250 communities declared a disaster.

Twenty-eight people lost their lives and 945 others were injured during the storm. Because of the continuing cold weather without power, 600,000 people left their homes seeking warmth and food. The situation was dire for farmers, who had no power to operate their equipment. Millions of litres of milk had to be dumped. The maple syrup industry also suffered, because many maples were among the downed trees.

The ice storm was caused by the meeting of a large cell of warm air and a cold front. There was little wind, which allowed the storm to stall over the region, hence its unusual length.

The Canadian military forces were called in to assist with the disaster. Sixteen thousand soldiers cleared away debris, went door to door to ask if people needed help, and evacuated people as required. Power companies all over North America rallied to help restore power.

Additional readingBonikowsky, Laura Neilson. “Ice Storm 1998.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ice-storm-1998/.Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. “A January Thaw.” CBC Digital Archives. http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/a-january-thaw.Munroe, Susan. “Canadian Ice Storm in 1998.” http://canadaonline.about.com/cs/weather/p/icestorm.htm.Statistics Canada. “The St. Lawrence River Valley 1998 Ice Storm: Maps and Facts.” http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16f0021x/4194604-eng.pdf.

The ice storm in Eastern Canada in 1998 caused millions of trees to fall over, and thousands of utility poles were knocked down.

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