ExEcutivE ProducEr:

Bill HeidProducEd And dirEctEd By

John Fornof

AssociAtE ProducErs

Nick Heid and Aaron Fullan

WrittEn By Nick Heid

rEcordEd At The Soundhouse, London

rEcording EnginEEr And voicEtrAck Editor

Mark Drury

sound dEsign And FolEy By

Todd Busteed, GAP Digital

london cAsting dirEctor

Philip Glassborow

consulting ProducEr:

Nick Huizenga

originAl scorE By

John Campbell

Production And studio coordinAtors

Beecher Proch

studio mAnAgEr

Emma Kesterton

shoW AnnouncEr

Andrew Harrison

PAckAgE dEsign

Steve Tyrrell/Tyrrell Creative

BriAn BlEssEdG.A. Henty

BriAn cox Nero

tom BAkErAska

honEysucklE WEEksBoadicea

richArd o’cAllAghAnCaius

cAthy sArAParta

john rhys-dAviEsThe Druid Priest

josEPh timmsBeric

tom AlExAndErBoduoc

justin ButchErJulius

kAtiE FostEr-BArnEsAmelia

nick BurnEllScopus

roBErt BEnFiEld Petronius

jonAh hAuEr-kingLucius

dAniEl PhilPottRufinus

Andy hArrison Talnak

jAnE gAmBiErMatilda

chris EmmEttUncle Unka

michAEl hAughEyThe Ship’s Captain

PhiliP shErlockThe Chamberlain

Copyright © 2016 Heirloom Audio Produtions, LLC. P.O. Box 362, Thomson IL 61285. All rights reserved. Unauthorized duplication is a violation of applicable laws. International rights secured. Printed in the U.S.A. Live the Adventure® and The Extraordinary Adventures of G.A. Henty are trademarks of Heirloom Audio Productions, LLC.

to cornelius van til for helping me to understand christ and culture.

IntroductionThis is a study guide for the new G. A. Henty audio theatre presentation, Beric the Briton (2016). It is designed for parents who want help talking their younger children through the storyline and its lessons. It can also serve as series of written assignments for older students. The sets of questions begin and end as the narrative takes new turns, and each may cover from four to ten minutes of the audio drama. Each set of questions has three parts, Listening Well, Thinking Further, and Defining Words.

The LisTening WeLL questions ask your child what he has heard or what he remembers. Some of the questions are easier than others, but you can find the answers to all of them simply by listening to the story once or twice more.

The Thinking FurTher questions ask your child to think a bit—to look up something mentioned in the story, to draw conclusions from the characters’ actions, or to speculate about the intentions, mindset, and character of Beric, Boduoc, and their friends and enemies. Here you can ask follow up questions to stir up your child’s thinking and to increase his understanding of the story. There isn’t always a single correct answer.

The DeFining WorDs section gives your child an opportunity to enhance his vocabulary and understanding of the story. He or she will need to use a dictionary for most of the words.

At the end of the study guide there is a recommended reading list for parents and older children who want to know more about Britain and Rome in the 1st Century AD. After that, there are three brief Bible studies that may help you and your child come to a clearer understanding of some of the biblical themes that are woven into the narrative. These studies may help you understand the story and its heroes better. At very the end, there is a brief essay providing historical background for the story of Beric the Briton. It is our prayer that these materials will be a blessing to you and your family and to the wider kingdom of God.

It is our prayer that these materials will be a blessing to you and your family and to the wider kingdom of God.

In Christ, Bill HeidExecutive Producer, Beric The Briton

One of the most infamous Roman Emperors in history, Nero was born in the year 37 AD. His father died early, and he was later adopted by his great uncle, the Emperor Claudius, thus becoming next in line for the throne. When Claudius died in the year 54 (probably being poisoned by Nero’s mother), Nero became the youngest Roman Emperor at the age of only 17.

Nero is generally remembered by history as corrupt and unstable. The earlier years of his reign, however, are sometimes viewed more positively. Under the guidance of his advisors, he implemented policies ending secret trials, protecting slaves from unjust treatment, reducing taxes, and banning capital punishment. He also supported the arts and athletic competitions. These early positives contrast sharply with many features of his later reign.

Even in these early years, however, the seeds of corruption in his character could be seen. He neglected his responsibilities in favor of worldly pleasures and was openly unfaithful to his wife, for example.

Before long, even darker clouds of suspicion gathered around Nero when his younger step-brother Britannicus, a potential threat to Nero’s power, suddenly and suspiciously died. Though Nero’s involvement in the death of Britannicus is uncertain, there is no doubt that he arranged the death of his own mother a few years later. She had become an adversary to Nero’s personal agenda, and her assassination set a pattern that would repeat itself with many of Nero’s political opponents.

Nero’s popularity was already in severe decline when a great fire devastated Rome in the year 64 AD. When rumors circulated that Nero himself had started the fire, he became desperate to assign the blame to somebody else. He found that the young Christian religion was an ideal scapegoat, and he began arresting and executing large numbers of Christians. Many awful tortures were reportedly used upon them. Some were torn apart by dogs, many were crucified, and others were dipped in oil and burnt as human torches.

In time, Nero’s corruptions and behavior led to such a loss of popularity that his place as emperor became very insecure. There were plots against his life and rebellions in various distant provinces. Eventually, Nero was named a public enemy, and his arrest and execution were ordered. Being unable to flee to safety, Nero decided to end his own life to avoid arrest. He died on June 8, 68 AD.

Three Incredible People, One Unforgettable Story...

George Alfred Henty, better known as G.A. Henty, was a man who lived life large. He was large himself—over six feet tall, weighing more than 240 pounds and sporting a humongous beard. He boxed and wrestled, raced his yacht, and traveled the world as a war correspondent. Henty not only wrote about adventure, he lived it.

Henty sharpened his storytelling skills through the tales he told his family. His first children’s book, Out on the Pampas, featured main characters named after his children. Henty went on to write 122 books in all. His books became essential reading in English schools. His published works have been estimated to range up to 25 million.

Today his legacy continues with The Extraordinary Adventures of G.A. Henty, bringing his beloved books to life as world-class audio theater productions.

G.A. Henty (1832 - 1902)

Nerō Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus(15 December 37 AD – 9 June 68 AD)

Queen Boadicea is remembered as a heroine of renown who stood boldly for the freedom of her people. Living in Roman-occupied Britain during the first century AD, she was a part of the Iceni tribe in East Anglia. Her husband was the chosen chieftain of the tribe, and she herself was striking and bold in appearance, strong in stature, and fierce in demeanor. She may have been trained in the ways of the Druids, and the meaning of her name is victory.

When Boadicea’s husband died, the occupying Romans disregarded his written will and determined to enforce their own will on the situation. This was upsetting enough in and of itself, but when Boadicea was flogged and her daughters abused by the Romans, the fury of her indignation was understandably ignited, and she determined never to submit to Roman rule again.

In the year 60 or 61 AD, Queen Boadicea gathered an army of combined forces from both the Iceni and other tribes who were likewise disgruntled with Roman authority in their homelands. Boadicea led the uprising, and the army began their campaign by attacking the Roman capital in Britain, Camulodunum (modern day Colchester). The forces of Britons enjoyed initial success, far outnumbering the Romans, who withdrew their forces and retreated in order to reorganize.

After destroying Camulodunum, the Britons advanced towards Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St. Albans), destroying both. Their momentum came to a sudden halt, however, when they were routed badly at what has become known as the battle of Watling Street. It is prior to this battle that Boadicea reportedly gave a stirring speech to her warriors:

“It is not as a woman descended from noble ancestry, but as one of the people that I am avenging lost freedom, my scourged body, the outraged chastity of my daughters…Heaven is on the side of a righteous vengeance…In this battle you must conquer or die. This is a woman’s resolve; as for men, they may live and be slaves.”

After the battle ended the Britons’ hope of successful resistance, Boadicea remained true to her words, choosing to end her own life rather than accept and submit to Roman dominion.

Queen Boadicea(25 AD – 60 AD)

Expand Your Experience!We’ve included some very engaging activities throughout this study guide. Watch for these “notes” throughout to keep the adventure alive, and the memories flowing!These activities include recipes, interesting facts, opportunities for further expansion and more!Live The Adventure with Heirloom Audio and G.A. Henty.

Our Story BeginsListening Well

1. As the story opens, where is Mr. George? 2. To whom is he writing?3. Where is he going and why?4. In the meantime Mr. George want to tell the boys a story. When and where will the story be set?5. Why is Boduoc worried about Beric?6. What is the relationship between Rome and Britannia?7. What is Beric trying to convince Boduoc of?8. What story does Beric tell to make his point?9. What specifically does Beric think the Britons can learn from the Romans?10. Where is Beric going?

Thinking Further1. This story of Beric is part of a series of stories all narrated by Mr. George. Where do you sup-pose the next story will be set? Why?2. Locate Great Britain (Britannia) on a map of the world.3. The story of Horatius appears in the histories of the Roman authors Livy and Plutarch. In 1842 the British historian Thomas Babington Macaulay wrote a lengthy poem based on those histories. And contemporary poet Adrienne Potter has retold Macaulay’s poem in a shorter, simpler form for children. With your parents’ help, find at least one of these accounts at your local library or on the Internet and read it aloud with your family. Why do you suppose the story made such an impres-sion on Beric?4. Caractacus was a 1st century British chieftain who led Britain’s resistance against the Roman invasion. With your parents’ permission, find his story on the Internet and then decide whether he or Horatius was the greater warrior or the greater hero.5. Why do we want or need heroes? Why do young men so often look up to warriors, whether real or imaginary?

Defining Wordsarchaeologistextraordinarypharaoh excavatedecline

Disc 1, Track 100:00:00-00:04:48

superstitionDruidTiberlegion

Visiting Caius Listening Well

1. What is Beric’s connection with this city?2. In whose home did he live?3. Who is Amelia?4. What was Beric’s place in Amelia’s life and home?5. Why has Beric come to Camalodunum?6. Which Roman emperor has recently died? Who has ascended the throne?7. How does Caius describe this new emperor?8. What is the name of the new governor?9. What does Caius think of him?

Thinking Further1. Camalodunum may be the oldest city in Britain. Today it is called Colchester and lies in the English county of Essex. Find Colchester on a map of Great Britain.2. Why is Amelia slow in recognizing Beric? Can clothes really make that much of a difference in how we perceive others? Why is this?3. Why would the arrival of a new governor be of any concern to Beric? (Hint: Caius calls him a tribal prince.)4. Emperor Claudius is mentioned twice in the New Testament. Where exactly?5. Research the life and reign of the emperor Nero, preferably in a church history book or Bible dictionary. How did Nero treat the early Church?6. Gaius Seutonius Paulinus was appointed governor of Britain in AD 58. Consult the library or the Internet to learn about his military adventures.

Defining Wordshostagecenturiontogamaneuvering

Disc 1, Track 200:04:48-00:07:46

The Wolf AttackListening Well

1. What time is it when the boys set out for Cardun?2. What do the boys hear in the distance?3. What do they find when they reach the cottage on the edge of the forest?4. How many wolves are there?5. What does Beric propose?6. What weapons are the boys carrying?7. Who is inside the hut?8. Where is the woman’s husband?9. What is Beric’s plan to ward off the wolves?10. Describe the course of the battle.

Thinking Further1. When Boduoc suggests that the scream they heard came from a tree spirit, is he being serious? What does this tell you about the common religious beliefs of his people?2. When the woman sees the boys, she gives thanks to the gods. What does this tell you about the common beliefs of the Britons?3. How hard do you suppose it is to kill a wolf with a spear? What does this tell you about the two boys? (Remember, they had already been running for four hours.)

Defining Wordspacesretreatconquer

Disc 1, Track 300:07:48-00:12:19

PartaListening Well

1. Who is Parta?2. How does Parta react when she hears what Beric and Boduoc have done?3. When do the hunters return to the town?4. How many wolves have they killed?5. What comparison does Talnak make between the wolves and the Romans?6. What does he ask Parta?7. How does she respond?8. What does Beric think about a war against the Romans?9. Who is Aska, and what does he say from his own experience?10. What does Beric say the Romans have that his own people are lacking?11. How does Talnak answer him?12. What does Aska say to Talnak, and what does he propose with regard to Beric?13. What does Aska predict (prophesy), and what curse does he pronounce?

Thinking Further1. Parta says that Beric was a fool for risking his life to save the woman’s. What are her reasons for believing this? What does this tell you about her religious beliefs?2. Beric suggests that it would have been a better tactical move to withdraw into the forest when they had a chance. Do you think this would have been a good idea? Why or why not?3. What do we learn about Beric and his family from this conversation?4. What more do we learn about the Britons’ religion from Parta’s answer to Talnak?5. Beric argues that military discipline is more important than bravery or mere numbers. Why does he think this? Do you agree? Why or why not?6. What part does the Britons’ religion play in how the Britons approach battle?7. Why is Talnak opposed to the use of shield in battle and to marching in formation? What does his opposition suggest about the values of his culture and religion?

Defining WordsDruidcowerchieftainessprophesy

Disc 1, Track 400:12:19-00:18:04

Training for WarListening Well

1. What does Beric propose to the young men of his town?2. How successful is he by the end of the week?3. Once Beric’s men become competent in their training, what is his next step?4. What do Parta and Aska think of Beric’s work?5. What is Parta’s concern?6. Several months later, when Beric and his men return from the fields, they are met with the sound of wailing and lamenta-tion. What has happened?7. Describe Seutonius’s attack on the Island of Mona.8. How does Aska describe the Britons’ king? their queen?9. Did the Roman attack on the Island Mona move Boadicea to begin a revolt, or not?

Thinking Further1. Describe as best you can the kind of training that Beric gives his men. What specific things are important to him? Why do you suppose these things matter so much? Does the modern military worry about such things?2. Parta mentions a tax increase. How could this lead to war?3. For Parta, what is the religious significance of what has happened?4. Prasutagus was king of the Iceni; Boudicea was his wife, the warrior queen who later led the revolt against the Romans. Find William Cowper’s poem, “Boadicea: An Ode,” and see what this famous hymn writer said about her.5. Find a short biography of Boudicea online or at your library and learn about her successes and ultimate failure.6. The Island of Mona (Ynys Mon in Welsh) is the modern Anglesey. It is a large island just off the coast of Wales. Seutonius attacked the island in AD 60. With your parents’ permission, visit www.visitanglesey.co.uk and see what the island looks like today.

Disc 1, Track 500:18:04 – 00:22:58

Defining Wordsfruitionlamentationincensedmassacre

Dark NewsListening Well

1. During the lull before the war, where does Beric go?2. What warning does he give Amelia?3. When Beric returns Cardun, he and Boduoc hurry to the town square. Why?4. What dark news does Aska have for the people concerning their king?5. What further news—“evil tidings”—does he bear?6. How does the crowd respond to these tidings?7. What are the Queen’s instructions for the present?8. A messenger arrives. What summons does he bring?9. What mission does Beric give to Boduoc?10. From whom does Boduoc propose to get help?11. Where does Beric say that Amelia should be taken?12. Describe Boduoc’s uncle.

Thinking Further1. From a merely practical point of view, why don’t Aska and Parta want their people to revolt against the Romans immediately? 2. Amelia’s introduction to Boduoc’s uncle is a bit humorous. Why do storywriters include such scenes in the middle of a story line leading to war?

Defining Wordsinsolencerestrainvengeancesacred

Disc 1, Track 600:22:58-00:29:14

The Sacred GroveListening Well

1. Where are Beric, Parta, and Aska going?2. What will happen there?3. What do they talk about along the way?4. Suddenly a chariot comes into the grove. Whose is it?5. What does she demand of the gods?6. Who comes out of the darkness to speak to her?7. What does he say?8. As the crowd disperses into the woods, other priests appear. Who is with them?9. According to Aska, why have the priests brought these Romans here?10. What called Aska, Beric, and the others back to the sacred grove?11. What message does the Druid claim to have from the gods?12. What orders does the queen give?

Thinking Further1. What does Aska believe about the gods and their signs?2. Why is Aska not part of the “circle”?3. Why does Beric have trouble understanding all of this?4. What do you suppose the Druid means when he speaks of “our mysteries”?5. Does Aska believe in the gods? Do the druids? Explain and defend your answer.6. According to Aska, what’s the real reason the druids will sacrifice the young Romans? If Aska is right, then are the druids acting in terms of their religious beliefs or something else? If something else, what?7. What particularly offends Beric about the druids’ choice of a sacrifice? Why should this matter one way or another?

Defining Wordsobjective (as the opposite of subjective)communeelegantavengescourgeprofanedisperse

Disc 1, Track 700:29:14-00:35:04

eeriereverberationindifference

Camalodunum BurnsListening Well

1. What concerns does Parta have about Beric?2. What is Beric’s concern?3. What news does Boduoc have for Beric?4. In the morning Aska and Beric meet. What is Aska confident about?5. What is Beric’s specific concern now?6. What does the sounding of the conch shell signal? 7. What impresses Beric as he looks over the army?8. What are the queen’s orders?9. Describe the Britons’ attack on the city.10. Where does Beric lead his men? Why?11. When other British warriors attack the Romans, what happens? Why?12. What does Beric have his men do? What are the results?13. What does Aska give to Beric? Why?14. What does Beric do with it?15. How does the queen honor Beric?16 What plunder does Beric rescue from the city?17. How does Boduoc describe his queen?

Thinking Further1. Only 400 men promise to maintain the discipline Beric has taught them. What does this say about the rest of the men? about Beric’s teaching style? about his ability to inspire his followers?2. The Britons still have confidence in their traditional battle tactics, even though those tactics have failed the Britons in their every battle with the Romans. Why are they so slow to abandon a style of battle that doesn’t work? There’s more than one good answer to this.3. Aska points out that the priests interpret the will of the gods and the queen interprets their in-terpretation. What guarantee do the Britons have that they can ever actually know what their “gods” have said? So why do they go on trusting the queen and the priests?4. Why did the Roman soldiers abandon their people to death? Is this what you would expect our military to do in similar circumstances? Why might our soldiers react differently?5. What is the advantage of discipline and structure in fighting a battle? Do most young men naturally understand this? Why is this, do you suppose?

Disc 1, Track 800:35:04-00:42:29

Defining Wordsgarrisonstandard (military)plunderepitome

The War CouncilListening Well

1. Where do the British chiefs meet after the battle?2. How does Beric enter the room?3. What doe the queen say when she sees him?4. What choice does she offer the chiefs?5. What third choice does Beric suggest?6. What reason does he give?7. How do the queen and the other chiefs respond at first?8. What does Aska tell the chiefs?9. Which of the three options do the chiefs choose?10. What sort of dream does Beric have?

Thinking Further1. The Britons still can’t give up their traditional approach to battle. Why are they so short sighted and stubborn?2. Why does Beric say it would be better for the Britons if they attacked the Garrisons and Roman forts rather than seeking out Seutonius?3. What is the name of Lundinium (Londinium) today?

Defining Wordsmeadstrategyzealsiege

Disc 1, Track 900:42:29-00:47:02

The Fall Of LundinumListening Well

1. How long does it take the Britons’ army to reach Lundinium?2. What news does Aska have for Beric?3. Once Beric understands Seutonius’s intentions, where does he place his men? Why?4. Once the Britons have destroyed Lundinium, what do they set out to do?5. Where does Seutonius plant his forces?6. What plan does Beric offer?7. Why does the queen reject his plan?8. What task does she give him instead?9. That evening to whom does Beric speak when he returns to the camp?10. What does she say about the queen’s hopes?11. What have Parta and the queen both sworn?12. What does Beric promise?

Thinking Further1. Why does Beric consider their slow march a mistake?2. In fact, how has Seutonius used that wasted time to his advantage? What is Seutonius’s primary goal?3. What possible long-range strategy might the queen have in giving Beric the Roman eagle?4. What do you think of the queen’s decision (and Parta’s) to die in battle if the Britons lose? What are her reasons? Given that she is responsible for her people, are these sufficient reasons? Why or why not?

Defining WordsThamesinvinciblerashnessrear-guard

Disc 1, Track 1000:47:02-00:52:58

Disc 1, Track 1100:52:58-00:56:49

fervor

A Roman Victory

Listening Well 1. How many men do the Britons have?2. What new mistake does Beric notice?3. Describe the Britons’ attack on the Roman position.4. What do Beric’s men try to do? Do they succeed?5. What do the Roman armies do next? With what effect?6. What do Beric and his men do now?7. Does Beric know whether the queen or his mother survived?8. What are the final results of the battle?

Thinking Further1. How was Beric’s knowledge of military history a surer guide than the testimony of his own eyes?2. What advantage does cavalry have over infantry (foot soldiers)? What tactics might infantry use against a cavalry charge if the soldiers have time to plan and prepare?3. The Britons have lost an army of 200,000. What can they possibly do now to resist the Ro-mans? What plans would you lay? Or is now the time to give up the battle and submit?

Defining Wordsbottleneck

TIme For Breakfast - Bread & CircusesThe ancient Romans believed it was important to start their day with breakfast.

Bread was so important to the ancient Romans that they gave bread away free of charge to unemployed Roman people. This, plus free admission to the gladiatorial contests, gave rise to the term bread and circuses.Lower class Romans would breakfast on bread with maybe some cheese or olives added. The bread was dipped in wine to soften it. If a workman was in a hurry or running late, he might stop at a bread shop to grab a loaf to eat on the way. Upper class Romans had a slightly more expansive breakfast. They often accompanied their bread with some type of meat or fish, and fresh fruit or vegetable. They did not have sugar so they used honey to sweeten their food. They also ate lying down on couches. Since there was no such thing as forks, they had slaves to cut their food and clean up afterwards. There was always a wet towel to wash with after any meal, including breakfast.

Flight To The SwampsListening Well

1. Where does Beric propose to lead his men?2. Why does Boduoc object to this?3. How does Beric answer him?4. What plan for the future does he propose?5. What are Beric’s fears for his mother?6. To what village do Aska and Beric go?7. When Aska and Barda talk to the trader, what do they learn about the Fens and the swamps?8. What does Aska say the Britons will give the Fens in exchange for permission to live in their swamps?9. According to the trader, what is the greatest danger in the swamps?10. How does he describe these creatures?

Thinking Further1. The Britons’ war against the Fens was long in the past. Why would the Fens still hate and fear the Britons in Beric’s day? Do you think most peoples feel and think like this? How can such long-lived resentment be overcome?2. Beric believes that there used to be dragons in Britain hundreds of years in the past. Why might he believe such a thing?3. Read Job 41 in your Bible. What does the Leviathan sound like?4. You can find further information about dragons and dinosaurs in the British Isles in Ch. 10 of Bill Cooper’s book, After the Flood (1995). Answers in Genesis carries a number of books about dinosaurs. Visit them at https://answersingenesis.org.

Defining Wordsfateinvestigation

Disc 1, Track 1200:56:49-00:59:58

Disc 1, Track 1300:59:58-End Of Disc

Trapped!Listening Well

1. How does Boduoc react to the possibility of dragons?2. Dragons aside, what is the main problem with hiding in the swamps?3. What news does a messenger bring?4. What action does Beric take?5. What does Beric discover too late?6. What does Lucius Festus want?7. What does he threaten to do with Beric?8. When Beric refuses to surrender, what orders does Lucius Festus give?9. During the battle that follows, what happens to Aska?10. What further offer does Lucius Festus make?11. When Beric again refuses, what do the Romans do?

Thinking Further1. Beric believes that there used to be dragons in Britain hundreds of years in the past. Why might he believe such a thing?2. Why does Boduoc follow Beric so faithfully, even in to obvious danger?3. What has Lucius Festus and his men primarily come to retrieve? Why is this so valuable to the Romans?4. Beric wants to fight Lucius Festus one-on-one, but the Roman commander refuses and lets his men capture Beric instead. Is Lucius Festus dishonorable for refusing Beric’s challenge? Why or why not?5. What sort of machines do the Romans use to capture Beric and his men? How do you suppose they worked?

Defining Wordsrefugeesprefectferociousonslaught

Before PetroniusListening Well

1. Where do the Romans take the Britons?2. What does Beric believe about himself?3. How does Aska encourage him?4. What particular words of encouragement and praise does he end with?5. Why does Lucius come?6. What offer does he make?7. What praise does Petronius give Lucius?8. What does Petronius ask Beric?9. What does Beric say that he has learned from the Romans?10. What benefits does Petronius credit to Rome’s rule of Britain?11. What crimes does Beric credit to the Roman occupation?12. According to Petronius, why has he been sent to Britain?13. What plan does Beric suggest to Petronius?14. How does Petronius assure the Britons that he will keep his word?15. Where are Beric and his men going?

Thinking Further1. How does Aska use his assumptions about Roman military history to encourage Beric?2. Beric says that he did not ask for his own freedom because, “I was not in a position to bargain.” What does he mean? Why didn’t he ask for his own freedom instead of Aska’s?3. Why would Seutonius want to take Beric and his men back to Rome?4. How can Beric and Boduoc have such differing opinions about Rome? Who is right? What makes you say so?5. What is an oath? To whom do men appeal when they make an oath? Can you remember any significant oaths in the Bible?

Defining Wordscontingencyindependenceindignationgrievancestributeoath

Disc 2, Track 100:00:00-00:07:12

Disc 2, Track 200:07:12-00:10:18

ShipwreckListening Well

1. Where would Beric like to spend all of his time?2. According to Beric, how do the Romans normally treat prisoners of war?3. How does the weather change as the boys are talking?4. What does the captain do to try to save his ship?5. When Boduoc asks what they should do, what does Beric suggest?6. What happens to the ship?7. As all the survivors struggle for their lives, what does Beric tell Boduoc they should do?8. Specifically, whom does Beric point out?9. How successful are the Britons in their rescue attempts?

Thinking Further1. What do you think of the way Rome treated its prisoners of war? Is any of the biblical?2. Why is Boduoc shocked when he hears of the Roman gladiatorial games? Why is Beric sur-prised at Boduoc’s reaction? Whose reaction do you share? Why?3. The ship’s captain gives three orders: Get that sail down! Secure that cargo! Bring those oars in! What is the point of each of these orders?4. Does this shipwreck remind you of an account in the Bible? Read Acts 27.5. What moves Beric to rescue the Romans? Is this consistent with what we have seen of his char-acter so far? Explain.

Defining Wordsaristocratgladiatorsmercilesscargotremendousmiraculous

Journey To Rome Listening Well

1. What reasons does Beric give Seutonius for helping him and for not escaping?2. As they begin their long march to the Mediterranean, who asks to walk with Beric?3. To what regiment (or band) does he belong?4. What sort of services does Julius perform now?5. Whose name does Julius mention to Beric?6. When Beric doesn’t recognize the name, what does Julius tell him?

Thinking Further1. Beric refuses to flee because he has sworn an oath not to escape. Should he have kept this oath? After all, Seutonius is his enemy.2. If you have already read Acts 27, then Julius may sound familiar. What should you already know about him? What more might you suspect?3. Who was the “other man” Julius once guarded? How was he like Beric?4. Why, then, does Julius ask Beric whether he has heard the teachings of Christus? What does Julius suspect or hope?5. Why do you suppose Beric doesn’t want to talk about Christus right away or out loud? Who is Christus?

Disc 2, Track 300:10:18-00:13:19

Defining Wordssalvagecenturionregimentescortrival

Make It At Home - Roman Apple Cake∙ 1 c. sugar ∙ 1/4 tsp. salt ∙ 1 tsp. soda ∙ 1 1/2 c. flour ∙ 1/4 tsp. baking powderMix together. Then add:∙ 1/2 c. butter ∙ 1 egg ∙ 1/2 c. milkMix together. Then add:∙ 4 med. apples ∙ 1 tsp. vanillaMix together and pour into 8-10 inch pan (or 11 - 6 1/2 inch).

TOPPING:∙ 1 tbsp. butter ∙ 2 tsp. cinnamon ∙ 2 tsp. flour ∙ 1/2 c. brown sugar∙ 1/2 c. chopped nuts

Mix together and put on top of cake before baking. Bake in preheated 350 degree oven for 55-55 minutes.

Disc 2, Track 400:13:19-00:15:56

Change Of PlansListening Well

1. From what port do Beric and the others set sail?2. According to Julius, at what harbor will they stop?3. What does Julius mean by “imperial fleet”?4. What happened to Seutonius when he tried to see Nero? Why?5. What will now happen to the Britons?

Thinking Further1. Massilia is the modern Marseilles in France. Originally a Greek colony, it was founded about 600 BC. Find the modern city on a map. How far do you suppose Beric and the others had to walk to reach it? How much further will they have to sail to reach Rome?2. The movie series Star Wars uses a number of Roman words and concepts. If you are familiar with those movies, see how many references to things Roman you can recall.3. Nero was a very wicked, self-centered emperor. He began the Roman persecution of the early Church. Some Bible commentators even see him as the Beast of Revelation 13. Look up a brief ac-count of his life in a Bible dictionary or church history book.

Defining Wordsgalleyaudience (as an audience with a king)gladiator

GladiatorsListening Well

1. What impresses Beric most about the city of Rome?2. What warning does Julius give Beric and Boduoc?3. Why does Julius have to warn Beric and Boduoc not to make friends with the Romans?4. To whose school are the young men sent?5. What is the first thing their new teacher says about the young men?6. What do the Britons see when they enter the school’s courtyard?7. What about the gates surprises Beric?8. Against whom will Beric and Boduoc eventually fight to the death?9. When Boduoc asks what will happen if he chooses not to fight, how does Scopus respond?

Thinking Further1. Gladiators in Rome were famous and popular. To whom in our world might you compare them?2. Look up the Colosseum in an encyclopedia or, with your parents’ permission, on the Internet. How large was it? What kinds of battles were staged there? What condition is it in today?3. Why would the Roman people flock to see the gladiatorial games? Why did they enjoy battles to the death? Is there anything in our culture like that today?

Disc 2, Track 500:15:56-00:20:30

Defining WordsmagnificentsocializeprestigiousColosseum honingtrident

Types of gladiatorsEquite – Horse-mounted gladiators who wore scale armour, were armed with a round cavalry

shield, lance and short-sword, and were commonly pitted against other equites.Laquearius – A gladiator armed primarily with a big lasso for snaring opponents. They also

carried a dagger to finish rivals off. Fought against many types.Murmillo – A class of gladiator known for their ornate helmets, which sported a stylized fish on

the crest. Murmillones carried a short-sword and a tall, oblong shield. They were typically paired with thraex gladiators.

Retiarius – These gladiators were armed with a large net and ornate trident. They wore a loincloth, thick belt and large arm guard on their left side. Retiarii commonly fought with murmillones and secutores.

Provocator – Provocatores mirrored legionary soldiers and, as such, were the only type to fight with a breastplate. They fought with a rectangular shield and short-sword and were only pitted against other provocatores.

Read more http://someinterestingfacts.net/ancient-roman-gladiators-facts/

Disc 2, Track 600:20:30-00:27:00

Old FriendsListening Well

1. Why does Julius say that Boduoc now looks like a Roman?2. What invitation does Julius give the young men?3. Describe the section of Rome into which Julius leads the young men that evening.4. Who greets them when they arrive at the house?5. How are Julius and Caius related?6. Where is Amelia?7. What joke does Julius plan to play on her when she comes in?8. How does it fail?9. What do they all do during dinner—aside from eating?10. Whom does Beric bring up at the end of the meal?11. How do the others react?12. When Beric asks whether this Christus is a rival for Nero’s throne, how do Amelia and Caius respond?13. How did Festus describe Paulus?14. Why was Festus sending him to Rome?15. According to Julius, how are Paulus and this Christus connected?16. And according to Julius, who is Christus?17. Why does this not make sense to Beric at first?18. In order to explain Christus, what does Julius first say about the true God?

Thinking Further1. How has gladiatorial training changed the young men physically? How do you suppose it has changed them mentally?2. To learn more about Portius Festus, read Acts 25 and 26. 3. Most Bibles have a map in the back that traces Paul’s trip to Rome. Follow the path from Judea to Rome. The story of the journey is in Acts 27 and 28. Please read it, if you haven’t already.4. When Julius begins to bear witness to Christ, he starts by contrasting the many nature gods of the Britons with the God of Scripture. What are the main differences he begins with? Were any of the Britons’ gods the creator of everything? Were any all-powerful or sovereign?5. Compare Julius speech with the sermon Paul preached on Mars’ Hill (Act 17:24-31). What similarities do you see?6. Why was it important then, and why is it important now, to set the gospel message in the con-text of the creation of the world by Almighty God? (Do sin and salvation make sense in the context of cosmic and biological evolution?)

Defining Wordsestateimmaculate villacivil servant

rabble rouser

News of Another KingListening Well

1. Repeat the biblical story of Creation, Fall, and Redemption as Julius tells it.2. As Beric thinks on Julius’s words, what conclusion does he reach immediately?3. What does Boduoc want to know?4. How does Julius answer him?5. What predictions had Paulus made that came true?6. What other miraculous thing happened to Paulus?7. When Boduoc suggest that Paulus himself might have been a god, what does Julius say?8. What else did Paulus tell Julius?9. What has recently happened to Paulus?10. Why does Nero hate Christus’s followers—Christians?11. Why did Julius mistake Beric for a follower of Christus?12. What promise does Caius ask Beric to make?

Thinking Further1. Explain the gospel message in your own words. Be sure to include an explanation of who God is, what sin is, and what Christ did for us.2. According to Julius, what is the basis of his certain knowledge of who Christ is?3. What does baptism symbolize? See Mark 1:8; Acts 2:38; 10:47; 22:16; 1 Corinthians 12:13.4. Julius says that Paul “openly teaches that there in only one true King—Christus. And that Nero must bow to Him.” Is Christ the same sort of king as Nero? How are their kingdoms very different? Does Christ conquer by the sword? How does He rule?

Defining WordsbaptismAsia Minorallegiance

Disc 2, Track 700:27:00-00:30:34

Disc 2, Track 800:30:34-00:34:03

In the School of ScopusListening Well

1. What joke does Beric play on Boduoc as they are exercising?2. What does Boduoc ask Beric?3. How does Beric reply?4. What alternative to escape does he propose?5. How does the training Scopus gives differ from the training other teachers give?6. Who had come to visit the two young men? Why?7. What questions did Nero ask about Beric?8. How did Scopus answer?9. What does Nero now have planned?10. So how long does Beric have to prepare?

Thinking Further1. Beric speaks of winning their freedom. How do you suppose he and Boduoc could do that?2. Why do you suppose the other schools only taught one particular way to fight?3. The Ides of March had a particular significance in Roman history. What was it?

Defining WordssalveapothecaryIdes of March

Make It At Home - CHILDREN’S ROMAN NOODLE BAKE1 or 1 1/2 lb. ground beef1 small onion, chopped1/2 to 1 tsp. oregano1 can Cheddar cheese soup1 can tomato soup1 cup water8 ounces noodles, boiled and drained

Brown beef, onion and oregano. Drain off fat. Add cheese soup, tomato soup and water. Stir. Add to noodles and stir in well. Bake in square pan at 400 degrees for 40 minutes or so.

Disc 2, Track 900:34:03-00:38:49

Rome BurnsListening Well

1. Beric’s first fight is three weeks away. In what way is he not ready?2. What two possible outcomes does Boduoc see for this fight?3. While the young men are enjoying the clear night, what question does Boduoc ask Beric?4. What does Beric now think about the gods of the Britons?5. What had Paulus told Julius about light and darkness?6. What do Beric and Boduoc see suddenly shooting up into the night sky?7. Why is the fire spreading so quickly?8. What orders does Scopus give?9. In what way do Beric and his friends serve the people of Rome during the fire?10. When the young men are finally able to climb a roof and get a good view, what do they see?

Thinking Further1. Why does Beric think the gods of the Britons and Romans are really not gods at all?2. Paul had told Julius of his own conversion. What image or metaphor did his account involve? Why is this a particularly good image for contrasting ignorance and understanding? Read Acts 26:12-18 where Paul describes his conversion to Agrippa in similar terms.3. In what way is Christ the light that the Britons—and all men—need?4. When Beric and Boduoc tell one citizen to leave his home, he answers, “I can’t leave everything behind! This is all I have!” What do you think of that? Are your house and possessions all you have?

Defining Wordsvindicateappeasedin

Two DisappearancesListening Well

1. With the fire scarcely over, what does Nero announce?2. What does Scopus bring to Beric?3. What message does it contain?4. When Beric and Boduoc reach Caius, what do they learn?5. Why is Caius afraid of Nero?6. What is Nero trying to blame on the Christians?7. What might this have to do with Julius and Amelia?8. What does Beric promise to do if he survives the next day’s battles?9. What does Boduoc say he will do while Beric is fighting in the Colosseum?

Thinking Further1. Describe the new Rome Nero hoped to build.2. In the light of Nero’s ambitious plan to rebuild the city, what did some people begin to suspect about the fire? Why, do you suppose?3. What does Caius mean when he speaks of “municipal improvements”?4. Caius says that Nero is trying to portray Christians as “the public enemy of the people.” What does he mean?5. Why would Nero blame the Great Fire on Rome’s Christians? How would that benefit him?

Defining Wordsembersambitiousboulevardsprawlingestateurgentdeflectingmunicipalstifle

Disc 2, Track 1000:38:49-00:41:49

Take A Virtual Tour Of Ancient Rome

Take a tour of Ancient Rome with Google Earth and YouTube. Use these links to visit not only the Colosseum but so much more!- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqMXIRwQniA- http://earth.google.com/rome/index.html

The Games BeginListening Well

1. Whom do the games honor?2. Who is present to witness the games?3. What does he say about his new Rome?4. What does he say about the Christians in the city?5. What test of their faith does he propose?6. How does the crowd react?

Thinking Further1. Describe the Colosseum. What is our world might compare to it?2. The Romans honored their chief god with brutal, deadly games. How do Christians honor their God? Why is there such a great difference between these two ways of worship?3. At the heart of Christianity stands the cross, Jesus’ bloody and brutal crucifixion. Does this mean that the Christian religion is just as bloody and violent as Rome’s? If not, why not?4. Many Bible commentators believe that Babylon the Great described in Revelation 17 & 18 is the city of Rome. Read these two chapters and see what similarities to Rome you can find.5. Nero condemns the Christians, not because they believe in another God, but because they believe their God is the only God and His salvation the only salvation. Many people today resent Christianity for the same reasons. Why is this?

Defining Wordsimmenseamphitheaterarchitecturalspectatorsarenaannualbenevolentmagnificentmagnanimousorbzealotrevolutionary

Disc 2, Track 1100:41:49-00:45:37

Fed To the LionsListening Well

1. Who is the first prisoner led into the Colosseum? 2. What offer does Nero make this prisoner?3. How does the prisoner respond?4. What happens next?5. What does Julius do as the lions approach?6. When the lions attack and Beric turns away, what thoughts run through his head?7. Who is the second prisoner led into the Colosseum?8. How does the crowd react to her?9. What does Nero say to her?10. How does she respond?11. What happens next?12. What does Beric do? What request does he make?13. When Nero grants his request, what restriction does he put on Beric?14. When Beric accepts this restriction, what does he ask for instead?15. What profession does Beric make?16. What does Beric tell Amelia to do with the robe?17. When the lion approaches, what does Beric do?

Thinking Further1. In the eyes of the Romans, why would Julius’s defection to Christianity be especially serious?2. When Julius says that Christus, not Nero, is the true King, does he mean that Nero isn’t a real king in any sense? Explain your answer.3. Nero presents himself as a king full of mercy and grace. Why is this a lie?4. What psalm does Julius sing? Why are its words especially appropriate for this occasion? 5. Julius chooses not to fight the lions. Beric adopts another strategy. Is one right and the other wrong? Or are they both right for different reasons? Explain and defend your answer.6. Julius, Amelia, and Beric all say they are willing to lay down their lives for their God. What reason do they all give?7. In what way does each of the following play into Beric’s victory over the lion?• Strength• Dexterity• Speed• Courage• Intelligence• Imagination• Faith

Which of these do you think is most important to his success? Why?

Disc 2, Track 1200:45:37-00:56:30

Defining Wordsunflinchingunyieldingprocessionattendantdilemmasympathyadmiration

The Emperor’s SummonsListening Well

1. What does Scopus ask Beric?2. What does Beric answer?3. What does Scopus think will happen to Beric?4. What did Scopus note about Nero? What does he expect to come of it?5. Boduoc tells Beric he must eat quickly. Why?6. How did Scopus gain his freedom?7. What lesson does Scopus say he has learned from Beric?8. What does Scopus admire in Beric?9. What word does Beric object to?10. What does Scopus say in response?

Thinking Further1. Beric came up with a clever and imaginative way to take down the lion, but he tells Scopus he doesn’t know where the idea came from. Where do wisdom and imagination come from? See Prov-erbs 2:6; Exodus 31:3; Daniel 1:17. See also Proverbs 8:12, where the KJV says “knowledge of witty inventions,” the YLT says, “the knowledge of devices,” and the WEB says, “knowledge of ingenious inventions.”2. God gives wisdom, but does He normally pour it into a lazy, undisciplined mind? If we would be wise, what is our responsibility? See Proverbs 2:1-9.3. Wicked men are often very cunning and clever. Should those who trust in God worry about this? See Job 5:13; 1 Corinthians 3:19-20; Proverbs 19:21.4. Given what Scopus said about Nero, what do you think the emperor is planning?5. Do you think Scopus was wrong to fight for his life in the Roman games? Defend your answer.6. Scopus speaks of “laying down your life for someone you love.” What biblical passage is he paraphrasing? Consult Strong’s or another concordance under the words, “Greater love hath no man . . . .”7. How, then, were Beric’s actions Christ-like?

Disc 2, Track 1300:56:30-00:59:24

In The Presence Of NeroListening Well

1. The chamberlain tells Beric he could not have come at a better time. Why is that?2. What does Beric ask about?3. How does the chamberlain respond?4. What instruction does the chamberlain give the guard at the door? Does the guard follow it?5. Describe the hall and the gardens beyond.6. How does Nero present himself? 7. What question does he ask Beric?8. How does Beric respond?9. When Nero probes further, what else does Beric reveal?10. What does Nero really want of Beric? Why Beric?11. What request does Beric make of Nero?

Thinking Further1. Beric asks if he is appropriately dressed to see the emperor. Is this a godly concern? Why or why not? See Genesis 41:24; Romans 13:7; 1 Peter 3:8.2. What does the chamberlain think of himself? What does he think of those around him? What does Nero think of him? Could this lead to some problems? Why?3. Nero says that he is “not a god from on high.” Was he always this humble?4. Nero calls Beric his “equal.” Do you think he really believes this? Why or why not?5. One of the oldest military units in the world today is the Papal Swiss Guard. These Swiss sol-diers act as bodyguard to the pope. In earlier times Swiss soldiers served in a number of European courts. Why should popes and kings (like Nero) hire soldiers who come from foreign lands?

Defining Wordschamberlainunkemptexoticillustriousresolute

Disc 2, Track 1400:59:24-01:05:12

BetrothalListening Well

1. What warning does Caius give?2. According to Scopus, why might Beric’s honesty be a problem?3. What request does Beric make of Caius? (It’s implied; he never quite says it.)4. What is Caius’s reaction?5. What does Beric ask Amelia?6. Why does Scopus suggest that the betrothal be kept secret?

Thinking Further1. Boduoc refers to the Sword of Damocles. What is the story behind this sword? 2. Boduoc says, “Just because I don’t go to the libraries with Beric doesn’t mean I don’t listen to him when he comes back!” Why is this humorous? Is listening to others sum up what they have read a good way to learn? Is it the best way to learn? Explain your answer.3. Why is it so hard for Beric to propose to Amelia?

Defining Wordsficklebetrothed

Disc 2, Track 1501:05:12-01:07:52

Nero’s WrathListening Well

1. How does Nero test them during this time?2. One night, during a banquet, what summons does Beric receive?3. Why is Beric concerned?4. What instructions does he give Boduoc?5. What does Nero want?6. How does Beric respond?7. According to Beric, why will he not obey Nero’s order?8. Once Beric refuses, what happens?9. How does Beric escape the Praetorian Guard?

Thinking Further1. What were the catacombs? What was their significance in the history of the early Church?2. In refusing to obey Nero, Beric calls his command “unlawful.” What does this say about Beric’s understanding of the king’s (or chief ’s) authority?3. Nero says, “I am the law.” What does he mean by this? Is this a claim any mere man should ever make?4. Was it right for Beric to resist arrest? Defend your answer.

Disc 2, Track 1601:07:52-01:11:35

Defining WordsvigilancecatacombparagonPraetorian guard

The Bronze SestertiusThe sestertius, the front is a bust of Nero, was minted in 64-66 A.D. It’s weight is 26.40 g. That’s more than a $1.00 IN QUARTERS!

The words around it and their meaning:

NERO CLAVD(IVS) CAESAR AVG(VSTVS) GERM(ANICVS) P(ONTIFEX) M(AXIMVS) TR(IBVNICIA) P(OTESTATE) IMP(ERATOR) P(ATER) P(ATRIAE):

Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, pontifex maximus, with tribunician power, imperator, father of the country.

Nero reintroduced the bronze sestertius, which Claudius had suspended. These large coins supplied Nero’s die-engravers with opportunities to develop excellent portraits with words to remind people of the emperor’s good qualities and the services he provided to the people of Rome. www.bible-history.com/nero

Disc 2, Track 1701:11:35-01:13:31

Catacomb Reunion Listening Well

1. Where are Beric, Boduoc, Caius, and Amelia reunited?2. How long do they stay there?3. On what day does everything change?4. What has happened?5. What are the Roman legions busy doing?6. What exactly happened to Nero?7. What does Beric want to do in the midst of the confusion?8. What has Scopus already arranged?

Thinking Further1. What were the catacombs? With your parents’ permission, search online for images of cata-comb art. What sorts of things did the early Christians portray on their burial chambers?2. Where was Vespasian when Nero committed suicide? What was he doing? When he left for Rome, whom did he leave to finish his work? The answers are connected to an important prophecy Jesus made in Matthew 24, Mark 13, and Luke 21.

Defining Wordsvie

Home AgainListening Well

1. How long does it take Beric and his friends to sail back to Britain?2. Who greets Beric?3. What does Aska discover about Beric and Amelia?4. What has been happening in Britain while Beric has been gone?5. How do Beric and his friends celebrate their safe return home?6. What follows soon after?7. Who performs the ceremony?8. What important thing has happened to him since Beric and Amelia returned?9. After a year passes, two events occur that give the Britons more reason to rejoice. What are they?10. What do Beric and Amelia name their firstborn son?11. Who finally becomes emperor?12. As Mr. George finishes his story, what good thing does he see in the Roman conquest and rule of Britain?

Thinking Further1. Because all good stories reflect the biblical story of redemption in Christ, certain elements of-ten appear in their happy endings. Explain why each of the following may rightly belong to a happy ending:• Homecoming;• Lovedonesreunited;• Feasting;• Marriage;• Childrenareborn;• TheHeroreceiveshonorandauthority(acoronation);• Atimeofpeaceandjustice.

2. Give as many examples as you can of stories (books or movies) in which each of these appears.3. Mr. George reminds Ned and Gerald of what would happen 300 years later when Rome with-drew her legions from Britain, but he says, “The is another story for another time.” Whose story do you think it is? (What legendary high king led the Britons against the invading Saxons?) What do you know about him, and how much of it do you think is true?

Defining Wordsofficiate turmoil

Disc 2, Track 1801:13:31-End Of Disc

Fo r Mo r e o n t h e Br i t o n s a n d ro M a n s i n t h e 1s t Cen t u ry:

Ashe, Geoffrey. All About King Arthur. London: Carousel Books, 1969. (For younger readers.)

Blair, Peter Hunter. Roman Britain and Early England, 55 B. C.—A. D. 871. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1963.

Bruce, F. F. The Spreading Flame, The Rise and Progress of Christianity from its First Beginnings to the Conversion of the English. Exeter, England: The Paternoster Press, 1958.

Cooper, Bill. After the Flood, The Early Post-Flood History of Europe. Chichester, England: 1995.

Cowell, F. R. Life in Ancient Rome. New York: Perigree Books, 1980 (1961).

Mattingly, Harold. Roman Imperial Civilisation. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1959.

Morris, John. The Age of Arthur, A History of the British Isles from 350 to 650. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973.

Saklatvala, Beram. The Christian Island. Rutherford, England: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1970.

Before there was an England, there was Celtic Britain. The Celts, or Britons, were descended from Noah’s son Japheth. But over the centuries they forgot the God of their father and worshipped many false gods. The Roman general Julius Caesar tried to conquer them, as he had conquered their kin in Gaul (France), but he failed—twice (55, 54 BC). Ninety years later the emperor Claudius began a successful conquest of the island. Not long afterwards, the gospel reached Britain (cf. Matt. 24:14).

Nero ascended the imperial throne in AD 54. He was a wicked and violent man with delusions of godhood.

On July 19th in AD 64, a fire sprang up in Rome: it burned for more than 9 days and destroyed most of the city. Many placed the blame for the fire on Nero; but Nero shifted that blame to the Christians who lived in Rome. The Roman historian Tacitus has left us this report:

But all the endeavours of men, all the emperor’s largesse and the propitiations of the gods, did not suffice to allay the scandal or banish the belief that the fire had been ordered. And so, to get rid of this rumor, Nero set up as the culprits and punished with the utmost refinement of cruelty a class hated for their abominations, who are commonly called Christians.

Accordingly, arrest was first made of those who confessed; then, on their evidence, an immense multitude was convicted, not so much on the charge of arson as because of hatred of the human race. Besides being put to death they were made to serve as objects of amusement; they were clad in the hides of beasts and torn to death by dogs; others were crucified, others set on fire to serve to illuminate the night when daylight failed. Nero had thrown open his grounds for the display, and was putting on a show in the circus, where he mingled with the people in the dress of a charioteer or drove about in his chariot. All this gave rise to a feeling of pity, even towards men whose guilt merited the most exemplary punishment; for it was felt that they were being destroyed not for the public good but to gratify the cruelty of an individual.

—Tacitus, Annals, XV, 44

According to tradition, both Paul and Peter suffered martyrdom in Rome about this time, the one by beheading, the other by crucifixion upside down. The persecutions lasted about 3½ years; they ended only when Nero himself committed suicide (June 68).

Upon Nero’s death, chaos nearly engulfed the Empire. Civil wars erupted in Italy and in the provinces. Three emperors ascended the throne—Galba, Otho, and Vitellius—and each

so M e hi s t o r i C a l Ba C k g r o u n d F o r

Be r i C t h e Br i t o n

in turn died violently. Only the return of Vespasian from the Jewish Wars and his accession to the throne restored order (AD 69).

Two hundred and forty years later, when the emperor Constantine embraced Christianity, so did Britain, at least officially (AD 313). So for roughly a hundred and fifty years, Britain was Celtic, Roman, and Christian. But then the Empire went into decline, Rome recalled her legions to defend Italy, and barbarian armies swarmed across Europe. Britain’s petty kings defended their island and the Christian faith as best they could. These were the times of King Arthur.

But eventually Britain fell to invading Germanic peoples, the Anglos and the Saxons. Christian Britain became pagan Anglo-land, England. But England was not a united nation; it was an island of many small kingdoms.

The gospel returned to England in 597 through the work of Augustine of Canterbury, a Roman missionary dispatched by Pope Gregory I. Augustine was successful in the southeastern kingdom of Kent. More missionaries followed in his train, and the gospel gained a strong foothold throughout England.

This purpose of this website and accompanying newsletter is to bring Christian history to life through news, articles, and lessons that encourage parents and their children to see history as God’s providential handiwork. Beloved author G.A. Henty certainly saw the world though these eyes. That’s why much of our content and reference points will be centered around his adventure stories.The name of our newsletter, Live The Adventure, reflects our desire to see the Christian faith lived out as an adventure. God’s people do indeed have a calling to live boldly. Unfortunately, what’s no longer recognized in America is that the foundation for living boldly is God’s providence. At Live The Adventure we are excited about the opportunity to share exciting Christian history with you and your family. As we see it … Christian history has many uses for parents and families. We intend to cover much more in a fun and entertaining way that your family will enjoy. After all it’s our mission to encourage you to Live The Adventure!

www.LiveTheAdventureLetter.com

Continue the adventure with the Live The Adventure Letter!

Bi B l e st u d y i : th e iM p o r ta n C e o F st u d y i n g hi s t o ry

God created and governs all things. History is the unfolding of His plan for His world. Scripture comes to us as God’s own record of His greatest works in history. The theme of Scripture and of history is Jesus Christ, who entered our history to save us. As we understand Earth’s history in terms of Christ, we come to know God better, we grow in wisdom, and we become more effective in our service for Him.

I. God created time and governs all of history. A. Genesis 1:1 B. Psalm 103:19 C. Isaiah 46:9-11

II. Scripture itself comes to us as history. A. The Old Testament histories tell the story of God’s great acts in history from creation to the rise of the Persian Empire. Its prophecies bridge the gap through the 400 Silent Years to the coming of Christ. B. The four gospels and Acts tell the history of Jesus Christ—His birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension—and the beginnings of the New Testament Church. C. The other New Testament books assume that history and explain it.

III. At the heart of this world’s history is the Advent of Jesus Christ. A. Colossians 1:12-20 B. Ephesians 1:7-12 C. Revelation 12:1-12

IV. The history of the world from Jesus’ resurrection to His return in glory is the story of His kingdom, of the spread of the gospel and the growth of His Church.

A. Matthew 28:18-20 B. 1 Corinthians 15:20-28 C. Psalm 72

V. When we study history in the light of God’s word, we better understand God, ourselves, and our place in His plan.

A. Psalm 2 B. Daniel 2

VI. And so God commands us to teach His great acts in history to the generations to come.

A. Psalm 78:1-7 B. Deuteronomy 4:9-14

Bi B l e st u d y ii : th o u sh a lt no t ki l lMan is the image of God. We are to honor that image in all men. We are to “do no murder.” God also forbids us to use violence against others unless it is in self-defense. Rather, we are to show kindness, mercy, and love toward our neighbor. We are even to love our enemies. But the greatest love is manifest in laying down one’s life for one’s friends (John 15:13).

I. Our Lord tells us to “do no murder,” not even in our hearts. A. Exodus 20:13 B. Matthew 19:18 C. Matthew 5:21-22 D. Leviticus 19:18

II. God’s law tells us not to use violence against others, though it makes an exception for self-defense. It doesn’t make an exception for games that require brutality and violence.

A. Exodus 21:12, 15,18-19, 22-25 B. Exodus 22:2

III. God’s law tells us to maintain our property so it won’t harm others. A. Exodus 21:28-36 B. Deuteronomy 22:8

IV. Positively, we are to love our neighbor and show kindness and mercy to all men. A. Luke 10:25-37 B. Micah 6:8 C. Colossians 3:12-14

V. We are even to love our enemies: we are to do good to them and pray for them. Jesus died for us when we were still His enemies.

A. Matthew 5:43-48 B. Romans 12:17-21 C. Romans 5:6-8

VI. However, God has given the civil government the authority to punish evildoers, whether criminals at home or invading enemies from without.

A. Romans 13:1-6 B. Deuteronomy 25:1-3 C. Deuteronomy 20:1

Bi B l e st u d y iii : on e WayThere is only one God. He created all things for His own glory. We are not to give that glory to idols. We are not to have other “gods” or reinvent God into something we would like Him to be. We are to receive and believe God’s word. The theme of God’s word is Jesus Christ. Because Jesus is eternal God, He is Truth itself. There can be no other savior and no other paths to God.

I. There is only one true God. A. Exodus 20:1-6 B. Isaiah 45:6-7 C. John 17:3

II. Idols (false gods) are lies and vanity. A. Romans 1:20-23 B. Psalm 135:15-18 C. Habakkuk 2:18-19

III. God reveals Himself authoritatively in Scripture: His word is truth. A. John 17:17 B. Isaiah 8:20 C. 2 Timothy 3:15-17

IV. The Scriptures point to one Savior, Jesus Christ, the Son of God. A. John 4:6 B. Acts 4:12 C. Colossians 2:10

V. There are no other saviors and no other paths to salvation. A. Galatians 1:8-9 B. 2 Corinthians 11:13-15 C. Deuteronomy 13:1-11 D. Deuteronomy 18:10-12

th e si g n i F i C a n C e o F th e Co lo s seu M in Ch r i s t i a n i t y

The Colosseum is generally regarded by Christians as a site of the martyrdom of large numbers of believers during the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, as evidenced by Church history and tradition. On the other hand, other scholars believe that the majority of martyrdoms may have occurred at other venues within the city of Rome, rather than at the Colosseum. These scholars assert that “some Christians were executed as common criminals in the Colosseum—their crime being refusal to reverence the Roman gods”, but most Christian martyrs of the early Church were executed for their faith at the Circus Maximus. According to Irenæus (died about 202), Ignatius of Antioch was fed to the lions in Rome around 107 A.D and although Irenaeus says nothing about this happening at the Colosseum, tradition ascribes it to that place.

In the Middle Ages, the Colosseum was not regarded as a monument, and was used as what some modern sources label a “quarry,”which is to say that stones from the Colosseum were taken for the building of other sacred sites. This fact is used to support the idea that, at a time when sites associated with martyrs were highly venerated the Colosseum was not being treated as a sacred site. It was not included in the itineraries compiled for the use of pilgrims nor in works such as the 12th century Mirabilia Urbis Romae (“Marvels of the City of Rome”), which claims the Circus Flaminius – but not the Colosseum – as the site of martyrdoms. Part of the structure was inhabited by a Christian religious order, but it is not known whether this was for any particular religious reason.

Pope Pius V (1566–1572) is said to have recommended that pilgrims gather sand from the arena of the Colosseum to serve as a relic, on the grounds that it was impregnated with the blood of martyrs, although some of his contemporaries did not share his conviction. Nearly a century later Fioravante Martinelli listed the Colosseum at the head of a list of places sacred to the martyrs in his 1653 book Roma ex ethnica sacra. Martinelli’s book evidently had an effect on public opinion; in response to Cardinal Altieri’s proposal some years later to turn the Colosseum into a bullring, Carlo Tomassi published a pamphlet in protest against what he regarded as an act of desecration. The ensuing controversy persuaded Pope Clement X to close the Colosseum’s external arcades and declare it a sanctuary.

At the insistence of St. Leonard of Port Maurice, Pope Benedict XIV (1740–1758) forbade the quarrying of the Colosseum and erected Stations of the Cross around the arena, which remained until February 1874.Benedict Joseph Labre spent the later years of his life within the walls of the Colosseum, living on alms, prior to his death in 1783. Several 19th century popes funded repair and restoration work on the Colosseum, and it still retains its Christian connection today. A Christian cross stands in the Colosseum, with a plaque, stating:

The amphitheater, one consecrated to triumphs, entertainments, and the impious worship of pagan gods, is now dedicated to the sufferings of the martyrs purified from impious superstitions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum