Executive Order on Guns CNN Student News Warm-UP On the half sheet of paper, do the following: 1)Write one thing you learned which you find interesting. 2)Write a second thing you learned which you find interesting. 3)Related to one of the stories, write down a question which pops up into your mind. 4)Write the most exciting thing about your break. Unit 2: Structure, Organization, and Functions of the American Government Legislative National Maryland/Local Executive National Maryland/Local Judicial National Maryland/Local Executive Vocabulary 1)Cabinet 2)Chief of State 3)Chief Executive 4)Chief Administrator 5)Chief diplomat 6)Commander in chief 7)Chief legislator 8)Chief of party 9)Chief citizen 10)Presidential succession 11)Presidential Succession Act of )Balance the ticket 13)Presidential elector 14)Electoral vote 15)Electoral college 16)Presidential primary 17)Winner-take-it-all 18)Proportional representation 19)Caucus 20)National convention 21)Platform 22)Swing vote 23)Battleground State 24)Direct popular election 25)Article II 26)Imperial presidency 27)Executive order 28)Executive privilege 29)Ordinance power 30)Executive agreement 31)Treaty 32)Recognition 33)Line item veto 34)Reprieve 35)Pardon 36)Clemency 37)Commutation 38)Amnesty 39)Bureaucracy 40)Bureaucrat 41)Administration 42)Executive Office of the President 43)Federal Budget 44)Executive department 45)Civilian 46)Secretary 47)Independent agency 48)Independent executive agency 49)Civil service 50)Patronage 51)Spoils system 52)Draft 53)Independent regulatory commission 54)Government corporation Executive Branch Roles & Responsibilities Line of Succession The Presidential Election: Then & Now Presidential Powers The Rest of the Executive Branch Financing the Government Foreign Policy What do you think are the Constitutional Qualifications to be President? What are the 3 Constitutional Qualifications to be President? Must be 35 Years-Old Must have lived in the U.S. for 14 years Must be a natural born citizen A Historical Perspective Over the last 225 years, how do you think the role/position of the President has changed? 18 th and 19 th century -Some leaders were strong, but most stayed with Congress (exceptions: Jackson and Bank, Lincoln at war) 20 th and 21 st century - tended much more toward dramatic increase in power What do you think are the different roles of the President? Presidential Roles The Hats of the Presidency Presidential Roles Formal Powers of the President Constitutional (or enumerated powers) of the presidency Found primarily in Article II of the Constitution Formal Powers: 1) Chief/Head of State Seen as the leader of the US govt Some countries, the Head of State is just a figure head (i.e. queens in England, emperors in Japan) reigns but does not rule President of the US reigns and rules Queen Elizabeth II of England and Barack Obama General Douglas MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito of Japan Formal Powers: 2) Chief Diplomat (Head of Foreign Affairs) Chief spokes person abroad & designs American foreign policy Appoint United States ambassadors and receives foreign ambassadors Make treaties but needs Senate confirmation JFK speaks at Berlin Wall, 1963 President Bill Clinton meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Leader Yassar Arafatat Camp David, 2000 President Harry S. Truman "I sit here all day trying to persuade people to do the things they ought to have the sense to do without my persuading them. That's all the powers of the President amount to." ( ) Formal Powers: 3) Chief Executive Faithfully execute the laws Carries out the law Seeks the opinion of heads of executive departments Grant pardons for federal offenses except for cases of impeachment President Bush holds cabinet meeting, Oct. 2005 Formal Powers: Chief Executive (cont.) Nominate judges of the Supreme Court and all other officers of the U.S. with consent of the Senate Fill vacancies that may happen during recess of the Senate President Clinton appointed Janet Reno as the first female Attorney General, February, 1993 Formal Powers: 4) Chief Administrator Director of the executive branch Executive branch employs 2.8 million people Mitt Romney and President Barack Obama in the Oval Office in November, 2012 President John F. Kennedy "No easy problem ever comes to the President of the United States. If they are easy to solve, somebody else has solved them." 35 th President, National television address during the Cuban Formal Powers: 5) Commander-in-Chief Commander of all armed services Includes Army, Navy, Air Force, National Guard, etc. Does use military advisors to help make decisions, called the Joint Chiefs of Staff President Obama at the Pentagon, 2009 President George H. W. Bush Formal Powers: 6) Chief Legislator Give State of the Union address to Congress Recommend measures to the Congress Shapes Congresss Agenda Upon extraordinary occasions convene both houses of Congress FDR signs into law the Social Security Act, 1935 President Bill Clinton delivers the State of the Union Address, 1997 Formal Powers : Chief Legislator (cont.) Can stop a bill using a Presidential Veto; but Congress can override it with 2/3 rd majority of both houses Veto Message within 10 days of passing the House of origin Line-item Veto: Executive Branch can choose to veto specific parts of a bill and pass the rest Ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court but some Governors have this power Formal Powers : Chief Legislator (cont.) Veto Politics Congressional override is difficult (only 4%) Threat of veto can cause Congress to make changes in legislation Vetoes: A Historical Perspective President# of Vetoes George Washington2 Thomas Jefferson0 Andrew Jackson12 Ulysses S. Grant93 Grover Cleveland414; 170 Theodore Roosevelt82 Woodrow Wilson44 Warren Harding6 FDR635 President# of Vetoes FDR635 Harry Truman250 Dwight Eisenhower181 JFK21 LBJ30 Ronald Reagan78 George H. Bush46 William J. Clinton37 George W. Bush12 Barack Obama8 *2,550 Total; 1,502 (regular); 1,068 (pocket); 110 Overridden* President Lyndon B. Johnson If one morning I walked on top of the water across the Potomac River, the headline that afternoon would read: 'President Can't Swim. 36 th President, Informal Powers Those powers not exactly written in the Constitution (similar to necessary and proper powers of Congress). In the Modern Era (since 1933), these powers have greatly increased. Informal Powers: 7) Political Party Leader President Reagan & Vice-president Bush accepting their parties nomination in 1980 De facto (default) leader of his/her political party Informal Powers: 8) Chief Citizen Representative of all the people To fight for the interests of the American people. Presidential Roles overlap and most often the President of the United States has more than one hat on at any given moment.