Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this presentation, the report has been organized into various aspects
such as agriculture, irrigation, industries, education, health, water
supply and sanitation etc. An effort has been made to reflect and
highlight the ground realities so that higher level of development and
satisfaction can be achieved for the rural masses of this border block.
Another major objective of the project is to evolve modules of Micro
Planning at three levels, i.e., Block Level, Village Level and Household
Level. The household survey module has also been applied in the Block
(modules attached separately). A proportionate sample of eight hundred
sixty one (861) families has been selected keeping in view the size of
settlements and their spatial distribution. These modules can also be
applied in the rest of the Blocks of the State for the identification of real
problems and potentials for Balanced Regional Development of the rural
areas.
The study has been divided into two sections as given below:
SECTION: A
Part I Introduction.
Part II The Block.
Part III Economic sector
Part IV Social Sector
Part V Physical Infrastructure
Part VI Planning and Development Schemes / Grants
SECTION: B
Observations about Household Surveys
SECTION: A
PART I
INTRODUCTION
Prosperity of a nation is indicated by the prosperity of its people. The
development of cities, towns and villages is for the development and
prosperity of its people. The 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts 1992 place
the people at a high level for micro planning by empowering the
Panchayat and local bodies. This allows the participation of the people in
the decision-making process. Almost 70 percent of total population of
India resides in rural areas. Hence, there is a need to achieve socio-
economic development of the rural sector and to improve the standard of
living of the people by providing and upgrading the required
infrastructure the need for block level planning/micro planning has been
recognized by the Planning Commission as well as by the government of
India since the formulation of the 4th Five Year Plan to bring about
economic growth and distributive justice.
It is with this understanding and mission, the Comprehensive
Development Plan of Valtoha Block, District Tarn Taran, and Punjab has
been prepared. Education, health and agriculture have been identified as
the prime areas of concern.
Objectives of the Project
With an aim at formulating and approach towards integrated
growth of the region, following objectives have been framed.
• To identify, study and analyze the problems and potentials of the
region.
• To ensure equitable growth and development amongst all sections of
the society to remove disparity.
• Upgradation/reorientation of existing infrastructure.
• Optimum utilization of growth potential of the area.
• Strengthening the pattern of service centres in such a way as to serve
for majority of population.
In each section/chapter related aspects have been considered, studied,
analysed and interpreted in the form of suggestions/proposals. In certain
cases where the problem is grave, the proposals have been categorized as
future requirements and immediate requirements.
Also, tentative financial implications of the proposals have been
indicated along with them.
PART II:
VALTOHA BLOCK: STUDY OF PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS
The State of Punjab consists of 142 blocks in all Valtoha Block, the
Block under study, lies in recently made district of Tarn Taran and lies
along the international border of India and Pakistan. Amritsar, an
emerging metropolis and a tourist centre lies at a distance of 72 Km from
village Valtoha. The population of the Block was 91115 persons in 2001.
Before partition Valtoha block was very important settlement but it has
lost its important identity after partition in 1947 and coming up of along
International Border.
1. LOCATION:-
• Valtoha Block lies in district Tarn Taran & shares 72.58 km
international border with Pakistan.
• It consists of 59 settlements out of which 4 are Bechirag (uninhabited)
54 villages and one urban settlement Khemkaran.
• The surrounding areas of the Block are: Bhikhiwind on North; Patti on
East; Ferozepur district on South; Indo-Pak border on West and river
Sutlej on South-West.
2. LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES:-
• By virtue of its location the Block is characterized by areas/villages
having a diversity of benefits and constraints.
• A majority of large settlements lie along Amritsar-Khemkaran and
Valtoha-Patti road. These have better connectivity and infrastructural
facilities.
• The Villages along Indo-Pak border are thinly populated and smaller
in size because of constant conflict amongst the two nations. These
are the most neglected and require immediate attention.
• One urban settlement Khemkaran is located in the South-West area of
the block and is a major nodal centre.
3. DEVELOPMENT LEVEL:-
The Block ranked 69 among 135 blocks of Punjab in 1995 in terms
of development level (Report: Integrated Development Block Plan for
Anandpur Sahib, By Dr. Gopal Krishan, Punjab University, Chandigarh,
1998). Thus, it is one of the less developed blocks of the state.
4. PHYSIOGRAPHY:-
• The Block is a part of the alluvial plains of Punjab.
• The natural drainage of the Block takes along the natural slopes.
• The distributaries of Upper Bari Doab Canal (UBDC) irrigate a few
villages.
• The soil of the Block is fertile. In the South and South-west the soil
type is Alluvial Sandy Loam while the rest of the area has alluvial clay
loam soil.
• Ground water table for drinking purpose is as low as 100-150 ft. but
is not potable and for irrigation purposes, the depth varies between
125ft-452ft.
• It has been noticed that potable water is not available even at 350ft in
case of Asal Uttar.
5. DEMOGRAPHY:-
• As per 2001 figures of town and village directory, the population of the
Block is 91115 persons.
• Four villages namely, Chak Ladheke, Mahamadi wala, Dodipura and
Kaso pura are uninhabited (Bechirag) villages. In terms of no. of
persons, two villages-Valtoha and Rajoke as well as Khemkaran
(urban settlement) are the most populated.
• Maximum number of schedule caste population (90%) is located in
village Jhuggian Kalu.
• Lowest sex ratio has been observed in villages Mehmood Pura and
Hardo Chak Bamba (660-720 females/thousand males) whereas;
Mehmood Pura has the highest sex ratio (951 females/thousand
males).
• Population density of the Block is 7 persons per hectare which is very
low, due to the fact that the block lies along the Indo-Pak border as a
result of which most of the villages along border have a low level of
development.
• Majority of the villages (35.6%) have literacy rate between 43% to
55%. Overall literacy level is very poor (41%) for the block.
PART III:
ECONOMIC SECTOR
The economic sector of the Block is primarily dependent on the
agricultural activity.
1. LAND UTILIZATION:
• Land utilization refers to agriculture and the area under cultivation is
more than 80%.
• Nearly one tenth of the area of the Block is under village settlements.
• It is therefore, desired that new techniques and trends in farming,
cultivation, marketing, storage etc. be provided.
2. AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION:
IRRIGATED AREA
• The irrigated land is the cultivable land which can be ploughed.
• 5% (3 villages) of the total no. of villages have just 100-200% of
irrigated area, whereas 49% (29 villages) have 160-180% of irrigated
area. Almost 14% (8 villages) have 180-193% of irrigated area.
AGRICULTURAL/NON AGRICULTURAL WORKERS:
• 43% (24 villages) of total no. of villages have 40% to 60% of
agricultural workers.
• 27% (15 villages) of total no. of villages have 28% to 42% of non-
agricultural workers.
CROPPING PATTERN AND CROPPING INTENSITY:
• Major crops grown in the Block are wheat and paddy. In the block
almost 50% of the area is under wheat and 45% of the area is under
rice.
• There is a lack of diversification of cropping pattern due to problem of
marketing.
• The belt is also rich in cotton. In the year 2006 area under cotton was
6000 Ha but in 2007, this has reduced to 3000 Ha. It has various
reasons.
• 41 villages have a cropping intensity of 100-200% while 13 villages fall
in the range of 200-250% (as per Town and Villages Directory,
Amritsar 2001).
CANALS
The area of Valtoha Block under cultivation falls in Khara Majha.
• Four minor off-takes from Khemkaran distributory are:
i) Algon Minor.
ii) Khemkaran Minor.
iii) Rattoke Minor and
iv) Mehmood Pura Minor.
• Three sub-minors which take off from Khemkaran are:
i) Ballian Wala Sub Minor.
ii) Khollan Sub Minor.
iii) Masatgarh Sub Minor.
• Erosion of living of these canals causes leakage and damages in the
distributory system.
SUGGESTIVE MEASURES: PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT
1. AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES:-
• Diversification of cropping pattern.
• Introduction of commercial varieties of crops like cotton and pulses.
• Incentives, loans and infrastructural facilities for allied activities such
as fisheries, bee keeping, poultry etc.
• New techniques and technologies for production, storage, handling
and marketing to be set up.
• Development of focal points and growth centres as available and
proposed at Rajoke, Varnala, Bhangala, Khemkaran, Bhoora Kohna
and Ameerke.
• Setting up of technology cells, which should also act as consultancy
cells, in the focal points.
• Development of and spreading awareness about ‘organic farming’.
• Training cells for setting up allied activities like bee-keeping, fishery,
poultry etc.
• Villages that have large no. of livestock, to be encouraged for
collection and sale of milk to Verka Milk plant.
• Fruit trees to be planted on commercial basis for beautification and
revenue. For this a few routes have been identified and variety of trees
are proposed on the following roads:
• Link road from Khemkaran to Toot via Mehmood Pura, Rattoke and
Gajjal,
• From Poonian to Valtoha (10-15 km length),
• From Amarkot Abadi (Ameerke) to Rajoke (20 km length),
• From Khemkaran to Mehdi Pur (5 km length),
• From Valtoha to Bhangala via Bahadar Nagar, Jodh Singh Wala (15
km length),
• From Bhangala to Muthianwala via Jhughian Noor Mohammad,
Jhuggian Natha Singh (10 km length).
2. IRRIGATION:-
• Restoration of water courses that have damaged lining have been
identified like those in Dasuwal, Ameerke, Valtoha, Ballian Wala etc.
• The closed courses to be opened up like those at Rattoke, Bhoora
Karimpura, Gajjal, Ameerke etc.
Sr. No. Item Cost Rs. Lakhs 1 Improvement of irrigation facilities 339.3 3. INDUSTRY:-
The industrial status of the block is dismal.
• The small scale industry consists of trunk making, flour mills,
furniture/saw mills.
• Out of the repair shops, maximum are of auto repair followed by
electric repair, agricultural farm repair and tractor repair shops.
• No heavy or medium industry is present.
• Since the block is agriculture based, industries based on agro-
products – sugar, food processing, cotton spinning mills etc. can have
a good holding.
• For sustainable development of the block, employment generating
units to be promoted.
• Environmental Impact Assessment, transportation & waste-disposal to
be a package for feasibility of industrial units to be set up.
• Policies to be framed for attracting NRIs for investment in the Block.
• The cost of small scale industries is worked out in Growth Centres,
Service Villages
4. HERITAGE TOURISM:-
• The block has potential for heritage tourism especially religious
related. The villages namely Vaan Tara Singh and Rattoke have two
important Sikh Gurudwaras which attract tourists from the
surroundings villages and towns on specific occasion.
• In addition to religious tourism potential Rattoke still possesses
traditional well and Khraas (for grinding wheat) in operation in the
Gurudwara complex.
• Village Kotli Wasawa Singh has historical importance which has not
yet attracted the attention of the media. It has a big mound from
where some brass coins have been found. The Archeological Survey of
India (ASI) should be assigned the job of excavation which will
definitely bear results.
PART IV:
SOCIAL SECTOR
The social infrastructure in a Block consists of services and
facilities required for the upliftment and well-being of the people.
1. EDUCATION – The level of educational facilities available in the Block
have been studied and analysed for different levels of education.
PRIMARY SCHOOLS –
• The influence zone of primary schools is taken as 1 kilometer.
• Overall visual survey shows that 55% rooms of primary schools need
repair.
• The survey conducted reports a pathetic condition of schools in terms
of lack of teachers, blackboards, furniture, toilets and condition of
building. This requires immediate attention.
• 12 new primary schools are proposed for the projected population of
the Block for the year 2021.
• Total cost for upgradation of the existing schools has been worked out
to be Rs. 42,910,000/-.
• Total cost for the 12 new schools proposed has been worked out to be
Rs. 33,360,000/- Existing schools
Norms Existing back log
Cost for existing schools
Future requirement
Cost for future requirement
65 • 1 for 1000 persons or every village service zone of 1km/school
Nil but infrastructure improvement is required
42,910,000 12 Schools 33,360,000
Total cost for primary education is Rs. 76,270,000.
MIDDLE SCHOOLS –
• Influence zone of Middle school is taken as 3 km (modified based upon
the ground realities).
• Major problems are the same as present in the primary schools – lack
of infrastructure like fans, girls’ toilets, boundary walls, blackboards,
furniture and above all the teachers.
• To overcome the existing backlog, 3 middle schools are proposed in
Dibbipura, Kotli Wasawa, and Jhuggian Natha Singh. Cost of these
along with cost of upgradation of existing schools is worked out to be
Rs. 13,755,000/-
• Total cost for setting up new schools and upgrading present middle
schools is Rs.26,205,000/-
Existing schools
Norms Existing back log
Cost for existing back log and upgradation of infrastructure
Future requirement
Cost for future required.
11 • 1 for 5000
persons
• service
zone of 3
km per
school
3 in number
and also
improvement of
infrastructure
in existing
schools
26,205,000 Nil Nil
Total cost for middle education is rupees 26,205,000.
HIGH SCHOOLS –
• There are 13 high/higher secondary schools in the Block which are
mainly located on major transport routes like Rajoke-Patti road,
Khemkaran-Amritsar road and Khemkaran-Amritsar-Bhikhiwind road.
• An influence area of 5 km radius has been considered for the sake of
analysis.
• Primary survey reveals that only 2 out 13 high schools have fans and
only 7 have girls’ toilet.
• Total cost for upgradation of these schools has been worked out to be
Rs.21,140,000/-
Existing schools
Norms* Existing back log
Cost for existing back log and upgradation of infrastructure
Future requirement
Cost for future required.
13 • 1 for 7500 persons
• service zone of 4-5 km per school
Nil but requires improvement of infrastructure in existing schools
21,140,000 Nil Nil
* The standard has been modified based upon other spatial standards and local conditions Total cost for higher education is rupees 21,140,000
• Immediate need is to appoint / posting of teachers in all level of
schools, so that the functioning of schools can be streamlined.
DEGREE COLLEGE
• The Block does not have a degree college as a result of which students
have to travel at least 32 km to reach the college.
• There is also a need for a polytechnic or an ITI.
2. HEALTH - There are basically 5 levels of health centres i.e.
Community Health care, PHC, Mini PHC, subsidiary Health Centre and
sub Health Centre. Valtoha Block lacks in both quantity as well as
quality of health facilities. There is 1 CHC in Khemkaran, 1 PHC in
Rajoke, 1 mini PHC in Valtoha, 7 subsidiary health centres and 8 sub
health centres exist in various villages of Valtoha Block. Applying the
population standards, it is found that there is requirement of 1 CHC, 4
PHC, 6 mini PHC, 7 subsidiary health centres and 6 sub health centres.
These are proposed in various villages taking into account the factor of
coverage of population and accessibility. In order to provide new health
centres a total sum of Rs. 1869 lakh is required.
The quality of infrastructure in terms of physical and human resource
is inadequate in all levels of health centres. In order to upgrade
infrastructure a sum of Rs. 424 lakh is required.
Near future Distant Future Health
facility Norms/ Standards
No. of Centres existing (1)
Cost for upgradation Rs. (Lakhs)
Total No. Required. For existing population (2)
Existing Backlog (2)-(1)
Cost for existing backlog Rs. (Lakhs)
Total No. Required. For Future Population(3)
Requirement for future (3)-(2)
Cost for new centres Rs. (Lakhs)
1. Community Health Centre (CHC)
1. Lakh Population
01 200 02 01 550 02 Nil -
2.Primary Health Centre (PHC)
30,000 population
01 60 03 02 300 05 02 300
3. Mini PHC 20,000 Population
01 30 05 04 300 07 02 150
4.Subsidiary Health Centre
10,000 Population
07 70 09 02 46 14 05 115
5.Sub Health Centre
5,000 population
08 64 09 01 18* 14 05 90
424 1214 655
* 18 sub-health centres are required of which 09 function in subsidiary Health centres. Hence in total a sum of Rs. 2293 lakh is required to provide
adequate health facilities.
3. VETERINARY FACILITIES - Total number of 11 veterinary hospitals
exists in the block. The status of veterinary facilities is quite satisfactory
in terms of number and location but poor in terms of infrastructure. But
no veterinary doctor is present in these hospitals. Hence, it is proposed
that the doctor, staff and necessary infrastructure should be provided on
priority basis in all these veterinary hospitals.
Sr. No. Item Cost Rs. Lakhs 1 Improvement of Veterinary Hospital 110 Note: Cost of proposed veterinary hospitals is included in cost of service
villages
• Immediate need is to appoint / posting of veterinary doctors in
the hospitals
PART V:
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
1 TRANSPORTATION
• The growth of a region depends upon the availability of good leakages
and good condition of its modes of transportation. In Valtoha region
people depend mostly on road network though railway link also exists.
Bus routes are earmarked in the Block but it is observed that buses
move only when fully occupied which is very inconvenient for
villagers.
• The top hierarchy road includes District roads i.e. 20ft wide
Khemkaran to Amritsar and 12'-3" wide Valtoha to Patti road. Various
villages along these corridor, have high potential of development
especially Amarkot (Abadi) and Ameerke which acts as functional
centre of Valtoha Block being located on junction of these main
corridor.
• Next in hierarchy are link roads which are 10' to 12'-3" in width. All
settlements are well connected by these metalled roads. But at places
the carriage way of these roads, is quite less, even if right of way is
enough. This is because these roads are encroached upon by the
farmers whose land is along these roads.
• Villages such as Kalas, Masatgarh, Noorwala, Manawa, Kalia,
Sakkatara, and Jhughian Noor Mohammed have to travel a long
distance (max about 7 kms) to catch a bus.
• It is anticipated that with increase in population, there will be
increase in traffic on the District roads. Therefore it is proposed that
width of Khemkaran-Amritsar road be widened to 30ft and Valtoha –
Patti be increased to 18ft. Also it is proposed that link roads
connecting Bhandal to Khemkaran and from Khemkaran to Patti,
Khemkaran to Kalas, Vaan Tara Singh to Rajoke, Kotli Wasawa Singh
to Gajjal, Kotli Wasawa Singh to Rattoke Gurudwara, Kotli Wasawa
Singh to Bahadar Nagar (Railway Station Valtoha) be upgraded to 15
ft width.
Sr. No. Item Cost Rs. (Lakhs) 1 Recarpeting of link roads in the block 1504.9 2 Widening of plan roads in the block 4027
Total 5531.9 2. RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
WATER SUPPLY
There are 762 private connections given in the whole block. Legal
capacities of these connections are 6200 in numbers. This shows that
about 12% connections have been provided in the whole block. The cost
of improvement of water supply in the block is 673.60 Lakhs. Sr. No. Item Cost Rs. (Lakhs)
1 Improvement of Water Supply in the block 673.60
SEWERAGE
Unit cost of sewerage per capita comes out to be Rs. 2500/- only. Total
cost for laying down sewerage in all the village Panchayat comes out to
be Rs. 237,825000. Sr. No. Item Cost Rs. (Lakhs)
1 Laying of Sewerage System in the block 2378.25
3. NODAL INFRASTRUCTURE
BANKS
Except 6 villages with South-East area of the Block, it is well served by
Banks, taking into account a radius of 5 km as an influence zone. Hence
for convenience of people to serve the projected population, a bank has
been proposed at village Gajjal.
FOCAL POINTS
Focal points include facilities like small mandi, veterinary hospital, and
small scale shops with low rent, Community hall, Panchayat house,
Administrative office & rural health centre. There are five existing focal
points in the block, however the central area of the block is devoid of it
as people have to travel long distances for the facilities. Hence a focal
point is proposed at Ameerke which is well linked by major roads.
SUBYARDS
The subyards play an important role in imparting basic services. The
deficient villages in the North-West and South-East need immediate
attention. Two subyards have been proposed in the block, one in the
village Lakhana in the North-West and one in the village Bhangala in
South-east.
Sr No. Item Norm Cost Rs. Lakhs 1 Banks 5km radius Included in Growth
Centres/Service Villages 2 Focal Point 5km radius Included in Growth
Centres/Service Villages 3 Sub Yard 5km radius Included in Growth
Centres/Service Villages FUNCTIONAL HIERARCHY
The main objective of comprehensive planning is to provide a large
number of services through development of growth generating and
stimulating settlements. A suitable hierarchy of the villages is proposed
i.e. GROWTH CENTRE, SERVICE VILLAGE & BASIC VILLAGES based on
their functions & interrelationship for optimum distribution & utilization
of community facilities & services.
The villages have been solution taking into account population,
Accessibility, linkages, centrality, previously existing as well as proposed
focal villages and existing infrastructure. Khemkaran has been
categorized as urban settlement as per 2001 census and it acts as major
growth centre.
GROWTH CENTRES
The infrastructure kit for growth centre is based on requirements of
population served by it and includes Agriculture research institute,
Veterinary Dispensary, Bus stand, marketing yard etc. For calculation of
development the mentioned 3 Growth Centres, cost of land, building &
infrastructure is calculated which comes out to be Rs. 471 lakh for
Bhangala, Rs. 459 lakh for Rajoke & Valtoha each. Hence a total sum of
Rs. 1389 is required.
SERVICE VILLAGES
Each growth centre shall serve 3-4 villages which shall contain second
order of facilities. For example for growth centre Rajoke, service villages
shall be Vaan Tara Singh, Lakhana, Sakattara and Doohal Kohna. In the
development of these service villages, cost of land, building and
infrastructure like Adult education centre, Veterinary Dispensary, Bus
Stop, Purchase Centre, Gas Agency etc. has been calculated.
BASIC VILLAGES
All basic villages shall depend on service villages for services &
facilities. Sr. No.
Item Norm Number of
villages
Total cost for Development of
activities Rs. (Lakhs) 1. Growth Centre One for 45,000
persons 03 1389
2. Service villages
One for 12,000 12 2637
3. Basic villages 44
Total 59* 4026
* Khemkaran included
Basic facilities and services like Banks, Subyards, Purchase Centres, and
Focal Points etc. are very important for growth of rural areas.
PUBLIC OPINION:
• It was revealed by many respondents that during partition 11 feet
pathway created along international border was acquired from the
agricultural land but were never given any compensation. The land
was acquired from farmers for barbed wire but they were never
compensated for it.
• After the laying of mines during Kargil war and the attack on
Parliament later, the affected people were not properly compensated.
Their cultivable land is the only source of their livelihood.
• The study also revealed that the block lacks any major industry and
the people feel strongly about it.
• Majority of the people responded bitterly that they have to face
corruption for getting even legal tasks done.
• The people also strongly expressed their need for a Degree College for
girls which are deficient in the block.
• It becomes clear that out of 51% major complaints are regarding poor
supply of electricity, job for unemployed youth and provisions of bus
services and bus stops.
• Another range of complaints were regarding overhead reservoir and
requirement of repair of internal roads.
• The third range of complaints highlight that separate college is
required for girls and at the same time certain efforts are required to
remove the problem of drug addiction and unemployment.
PUBLIC SUGGESTIONS:
During the public opinion survey most of the respondents gave
suggestions which are listed below:
• Border area allowance should be restarted to the service community.
This will help in the improvement of education and health sector etc.
• Regarding encroachment by army on farmers agricultural land most of
the respondents suggested that:
Government should pay the compensation and acquire the land
again.
Government should fix permanent compensation.
Government should pay the balanced amount of compensation
and vacate the land for agriculture.
• The sale tax and VAT should be reduced to give incentives to
shopkeepers and small scale industry which will be an incentive to the
unemployed for starting such business.
• Similarly industries should be given special packages in terms of
subsidies.
• It was suggested that the 5% of the share may be met from Panchayat
resources for matching the World Bank projects.
PART VI
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES/GRANTS
GLARING DISCREPANCIES IN THE RECORDS OF GRANTS
In order to analyze the grant distribution and its utilization in various
villages of the block, the records were procured from the office of the
BDPO, Valtoha. A detailed inspection of the records put forth a dismal
picture as follows:
• The individual lists of the various grants do not correspond to
consolidated lists prepared to show the village/Panchayat wise
distribution of grants.
• To top it all there are two consolidated lists which do not match with
each other in terms of total grant spent and the balance amount.
In order to inspect the truth of the lists of grants obtained, spent and
balance amount, visits to a few villages was conducted.
These villages are Bhandaal, Rajoke, Varnala, Lakhna, Van Tara Singh,
Jhuggian Kalu, Bhangala, Jodh Singh Wala etc. In each village an
inspection was carried out to find whether the works shown as completed
in the lists have actually been accomplished or not, but it was a difficult
job to find out the truth due to paucity of time and lack of awareness
about different schemes amongst people. But on verification of physical
report of some villages, great discrepancies have been detected which are
shown below:
Details of Compiled Grants and Discrepancies for Valtoha Block Sr. no Village name Total grant
sanctioned (Rs.) Amount spent (Rs.)
Balance (Rs.)
List 1* 1,50,000 1,50,000 - List 2** 12,17,197 12,17,197 -
1 Bhandaal
Physical report*** 21,04,697 3,75,000 17,29,697 List 1 8,67,000 8,27,000 40000 List 2 10,04569 10,04569 -
2 Bhangala
Physical report 20,32,709 3,60,000 14,22,709
List 1 4,20,000 - - List 2 9,69,546 9,69,546 -
3 Bhura Karimpura
Physical report 25,99,332 3,00,000 19,99,332 List 1 2,20,000 2,00,000 20,000 List 2 5,24,280 5,24,280 -
4 Dibbipura
Physical report 8,08,028 2,32,000 5.76,028 List 1 7,92,000 7,12,000 80,000
List 2 11,27330 11,27330 -
5 Jodh Singh Wala
Physical report 7,75,330 2,00,000 5,75,000 List 1 7,78,000 7,78,000 - List 2 24,08,089 22,68,444 50000 #
6. Lakhna
Physical report 51,66,589 5,25000 46,41,589
List 1 3,38,63,000 7,43,000 3,31,20,000 List 2 21,07,291 17,35,000 1,00,000 #
7. Rajoke
Physical report 46,37,447 15,00,000 31,37,447
8. Rasoolpur List 1 5,01,000 4,81,000 20,000
List 2 8,75,952 8,31,944 - # Physical report 22,24952 6,25,000 15,99,952 List 1 6,96,000 6,96,000 - List 2 15,14,498 14,09944 1,31559
9. Vaan Tara Singh
Physical report 20,92,698 7,50,000 13,42,698 * List 1 (2005-07), ** List 2 (2003-07), *** Physical Report (2003-07) # Final balance shown is less than the balance after calculation Source: Office of BDPO, Valtoha & Office of the DC, Tarn-Taran.
In most of the cases utilization certificate has not been issued. Thus the
above analysis makes it clear that although various schemes of the
centre have reached in different villages of Valtoha Block but the lists,
physical report and physical verification have shown glaring gaps which
need to be scrutinized in depth. It has also been noticed that the amount
of grants is deposited in the bank in the joint name of Panchayat
secretary and Sarpanch of the village. This also needs to be given
consideration i.e. some government official should be given this
responsibility.
Finally it is proposed that the BDPO should be an Urban & Regional
Planner and he must create a data base in the office covering all the
aspects. Format of two proformas to list all the grants have been
proposed which could be implemented immediately in all the Blocks.
Proformas for entering Financial details (Individual Schemes)
Sr. No.
Villages
Punjab Nirman
MPLAD
Border Area
I.A.Y./ P.M.G.I.
11th Finance Commission
12th Finance Commission
C.D. 2.36
Incentive Scheme
Total Cost Village wise
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Proformas for entering Status Report (Individual Schemes) R.K.Y
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2
Pb.Nirman.Yojana
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2 SGRY (Sway Gramin Rojgar Yojana)
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2 11th finance commission
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2 12th finance commission
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2 BADP (Border Area Dev. Plan)
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2
Incentive
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2
Sarb Samiti
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2
C.D.
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2
MPLAD
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2 Any Other Scheme
Sr. No. Vill.name/Scheme Grant Amount
Amount Spent
Status of Work
Balance amount
U Certificate
1
2
Financial requirements for the development of Valtoha Block
Total Cost in Rs. (Lakhs)
Amount of grant received from 2003-07 as per B.D.P.O. record 584 Total cost of comprehensive block development plan 13535.45 Total cost of Immediate improvement and development needs 12546.85
Note: Amount to be released immediately in the first phase (2008 to 2013) Rs.6273.43 Lakh, i.e.,
50% of the total cost of immediate development
Other schemes of the central govt. (details given in report), should
also be utilized for the upliftment of the block.
SECTION: B ANALYSIS & FINDINGS OF HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
A household survey was conducted in various village of the block in
order to reach down to the masses and get information regarding their
socio-economic status. The socio-economic surveys are conducted in
order to understand the social and economic status of the people, to
identify and understand their problems and to formulate related
strategies to upgrade them.
In order to accomplish the household survey, analyses and interpret the
data, following methodology was adopted:
Villages were identified on the basis of the following two criteria:-
a) Location: Mainly four geographical zones were identified- South-
West, South-East, North-West and North-East.
Population Hierarchy: on the basis of the village size based upon its
population, the villages were selected. In each geographical zone one
village was selected from each hierarchy of the villages: very large (4001-
108554); large (2001-4000); medium (1001-2000); small (501-1000); very
small (1-500) (figures in brackets are the population range). Hence, 18
villages viz. Valtoha, Dasuwal, Dibbipura, Daudpura, Rajoke etc. were
identified for the purpose of conducting the household survey.
• 50.6% of the total population is males and 49.4% are females.
Thus, male female ratio works as 1000:974. Maximum population
lies in the age group of 24-60 years i.e. 40%; this implies that
variety of job opportunities need to be provided related to various
age groups. Special concern should be shown for the girl child
below 14 years of age which constitute 32.54% of total female
population and 16% of the total population. Schemes regarding
education, health, nutrition and overall development need to be
devised specially for them
• More than 50% of the totals are Schedule caste families, hence
various schemes related to SC/STs initiated by the Centre or State
Government could be used within the block while giving priority to
villages having more SC/ST population. The overall educational
status in the block is very poor with only 43.8% females and
56.2% males literate ; also the number of persons who are 10th
pass are just about 12% , 0.23% are 12th pass and only 0.19% are
post graduate.
• Another problem is that the age groups below the legal
marriageable age also show married males and females which
means that the practice of child marriage is prevalent in the society
for which serious measures need to be taken.
• 74.7% of the total houses in Valtoha block are not in proper
condition and requires special efforts for the development of Pucca
houses in the block.
• Majority of the families (63%) do not own the basic tools related to
their occupation i.e. various agricultural implements, hence there
is a requirement that government may give incentives for these
implements.
• Livestock is another mode of livelihood for the villagers, in order to
boost the economic status of the villagers. Since 72% families own
cows and buffaloes, a more organized system of milk collection will
be quite helpful for the villagers. Simple procedures should be
followed for issuing the loans and grants for starting such
economic programmes like loan for animals, collection of milk
procedure etc. It has been noticed during focused group discussion
that the procedures are complicated for the above mentioned
purposes.
• Although it’s a Border Block, people are aware of latest gadgets. A
proposal has been made to strengthen Growth Centres, Focal
Points and Service Villages with computer and internet. This will
help in bringing the latest technology for agriculture and allied
sectors thereby bring employment and prosperity. The idea has also
been given during Focused Group Discussions.
• The predominant disease in the block is arthritis which is prevalent
among 0.5%, hyper tension and diabetes. Hence health services
pertaining to these diseases must be provided in the health centres
of the Hardo Chak Bamba, Rajoke, Varnala, and Bhangala where
these diseases are more prevalent. Hence more awareness
regarding polio campaign is required in villages like Ameerke,
Bhangala, Bhoora Karimpura, Hardo Chak Bamba, Jhuggian Kalu,
Rajoke and Varnala since there are 9 cases of polio, 3 cases of
tuberculosis in Valtoha is also an alarming issue.
• Only 9 persons have skill of mechanic, 3 of photography and 3 of
beauty parlour. Few new techniques must be introduced to boost
traditional skills like traditional embroidery , puppetry , cottage
industry related to food items i.e. pickles, pappad etc., setting up of
platforms like crafts centres etc. Focused Group Discussions (FGD)
were held with local females who had shown interest in forming
such self help groups.
• Majority of the families i.e. 80.7% and 695 in number have loans
below Rs. 20,000 and 77 families in number i.e. about 9% have
loan of more than 1 (one) lakh. The main purpose of the loans is for
daughter’s marriage, buying livestock, purchasing agriculture
implements.
• The situation of the water supply is very critical with 11% of the
families do not have any source of water supply. Village OHR
supplies to 14.3% families, main source of water supply is hand
pump for 63% families. Other source of water supply is
submersible pump which caters 12% families.
• Only 45.4% families have toilet facility. This shows that either
grants have not been utilized in a proper way or the affordability
level of the residents is very low that such kind of facilities could
not be taken care of. About 47% do not have electricity connection.
• Taking into account sex, age and height, it is found that 195 males
and 125 females are eligible for police service.
• Special concern was imparted towards the males and females in the
age group of 15-35 years. Here, males with height 5’-7” or more
and females with height 5’-3” or more were identified as 11.1% and
7.2 % respectively. This section of the population has an
opportunity to be recruited in police service.
• Girls below 14 years have been identified as 32.54% of the total
female population and as 16% of the total population. Special
schemes for the development of these children are required to
reach them.
All the findings have been given due consideration and have been
incorporated to great extent in the proposed Comprehensive Development
Plan of Valtoha Block. A Patiala based Non Government Organisation
(NGO) Progressive Youth Forum has been approached for starting the
Self Help Groups in the block. This organization will also help in bringing
awareness about health, education and maintenance of the village ponds.
After the completion of household surveys, focused group discussions
have been arranged with youth males, females, poor people, old persons,
etc., of some of the villages, with the cooperation of officials and
Sarpanches of the villages. Effort has been made to incorporate the views
of all the stakeholders.
