Excursion Me Body

8/10/2019 Excursion Me Body

1/12

Excursion Report

Venues :IIT KHARAGPUR

IOCL TERMINALS AT MORIGRAM AND JESSORE ROAD

Period of Training : 6th dec 2010 to 24th dec 2010

Report Submitted to

Dr. Ajay Mandal,

Associate Professor,

Dept. of Petroleum Engineering,

INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINES, DHANBAD

Date of Submission: 03-05-2011

Submitted by:

SK KAVILIPATI

ADM NO. 2008JE0777

VII SEM BTECH PETROLEUM ENGINEERING


2/12

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I pay my sincerest gratitude to IIT Kharagpur and IOCL for

providing me with a matchless opportunity to undergo

excursion program in their premium organizations.

The entire schedule starting from 06th

of Dec to 9th

Dec 2010

was thoroughly educative and informative one where I got

to work with real field data and it was our second insightto how the petroleum industry works.

We owe a special debt of gratitude to our coordinators at

IIT Kharagpur and IOCL terminals at Mourigram and

Jessore road for ensuring the entire training program was

well coordinated.

We pay our sincerest to Dr. A. K. Pathak sir, (HOD);

Dr. Ajay Mandal sir and Dr. TK Naiyya sir; for organizingthis summer training program and for their continuous

supervision.

SK KAVILIPATI Date: 02-05-2011


3/12

3

Introduction

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. is India's largest company by sales with a turnover of Rs.

271,074 crore and profit of Rs. 10,221 crore for the year 2009-10.

IndianOil is the highest ranked Indian company in the latest Fortune Global 500 listings,

ranked at the 125th position. IndianOil's vision is driven by a group of dynamic leaders

who have made it a name to reckon with.

History

IndianOil began operation in 1964 as Indian Oil Company Ltd. The Indian Oil

Corporation was formed in 1964, with the merger of Indian Refineries Ltd.Feroze

Gandhiwas the first chairman of Indian Oil Corporation Limited.

Products

IndianOil's product range coverspetrol,diesel,LPG, auto LPG, aviation turbine fuel,

lubricants,naphtha,bitumen,paraffin,keroseneetc. Xtra Premium petrol, Xtra Mile

diesel, Servo lubricants, Indane LPG, Autogas LPG, Indian Oil Aviation are some of its

prominent brands.

Recently Indian Oil has also introduced a new business line of supplying LNG (liquefiednatural gas) by cryogenic transportation. This is called "LNG at Doorstep". LNG

headquarters are located at the Scope Complex, Lodhi Road,Delhi.

Group companies and joint ventures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroze_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroze_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroze_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroze_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitumenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitumenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitumenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitumenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroze_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroze_Gandhi


4/12

4

IndianOil Technologies Ltd : IndianOil Technologies Ltd. is the marketing arm of IOCL

which markets the entire range of technologies developed at the IndianOil R&D Centre,

Faridabad.IndianOil Technologies Ltd. headquarters is located at the IndianOil R&D

Centre.

IndianOil (Mauritius)Ltd.

Lanka IOC PLC - Group company for retail and storage operations inSri Lanka.It is

listed in theColombo Stock Exchange.It was locked into a bitter subsidy payment

dispute with Sri Lanka's Government which has since been resolved.[citation needed]

IOC Middle East FZE

Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited

Bongaigoan Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd.

Green Gas Ltd. - a joint venture withGas Authority of India Ltd.for city-wide gas

distribution networks.

Indo Cat Pvt. Ltd., withIntercat,USA, for manufacturing 15,000 tonnes per annum of

FCC (fluidised catalytic cracking) catalysts & additives in India.

Indian Oil - CREDA Biofuels Ltd. , a joint venture with Chattisgarh government for

production and marketing of Bio-fuels.

Numerous exploration and production ventures withOil India Ltd.,Oil and Natural GasCorporation

International rankings

Indian Oil is the highest ranked Indian company in the Fortune Global 500 listing, 125th

position in 2010. It is also the 18th largest petroleum company in the world and the

number one petroleum trading company among the National Oil Companies in the Asia-

Pacific region. IOCL was featured on the 2010Forbes Global 2000at position 313. It is

fifth most valued brand in India according to an annual survey conducted by Brand

Finance and The Economic Times in 2010.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faridabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faridabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Petroleum_Corporation_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Petroleum_Corporation_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAILhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAILhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAILhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercat&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercat&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercat&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_India_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_India_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_India_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_India_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercat&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAILhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Petroleum_Corporation_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faridabad


5/12

5

IIT KHARAGPUR

Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture

Being the first of its kind in the country, the department was established in 1952. During

the nearly 50 years of its existence, the department has made significant contributions

to the development of shipbuilding and shipping industries in the country including the

Indian Navy, Indian Coastal Guard, DRDO and other allied organisations. The

department and its alumni have important and strategic links with universities round

the world and major shipyard and dock organizations in our country. Some of the

sponsored projects include Standard Hull Design for Mechanised Craft, Energy Audit of

Ships and Scheduling of Propeller Maintenance, Development of Design Rules for

Composite Ships and Boats, Computation of 3D Ship Motion and Sea Load.

Facilities BSRA ship-hull roughness analyser Comprehensive facilities for

making ship models and other models of wood, wax, perspex, and FRP Equipments

for making model propellers upto 300 mm diameter Equipment to carry out

vibration experiments Stress analysis using INSTRON UTM Ship model tank 150

m long, 4m wide, 25m deep, with towing carriage of maximum speed 75m/ s.

Resistance and propulsion dynamometers Stress analysis lab with equipment for


6/12

6

photoelastic Studies Workstations and PCs Current meter calibration Open

water test of propeller using towing carriage and resistance dynamometer

Resistance test using towing carriage and resistance dynamometer Self propulsion

test using towing carriage, resistance & propulsion dynamometer Steam flow test

using towing carriage and resistance dynamometer Tensile, compression & bending

tests

Materials Science

The Centre was established in 1971 to undertake research activities in the areas of glass

and ceramics, polymers, semiconductor, allied materials and composites. The

development of know-how and manufacturing technologies of many strategic and

advanced materials like Opto-electronic Materials and Devices, Semiconductor Lasers,Polymer Blends etc were taken up by the centre. With state-of-the-art infrastructure the

centre conducts major sponsored research projects and has developed a range of

products today and applications, including Ferromagnetic insulator cermets for Telecom

Equipment, Alumina composites, Drag Resistant Polymers for Sprinkler Irrigation

Systems, Ceramic Components by Gel Casting, Synthesis of Nano sized Nonoxide

Ceramic Powders.

Facilities Alfatometer Brabender Plasticorder Capillary Rheometer C-

Matic Thermoconductometer Crystal Growth System C-V Analyzer DeMattia Flex Tester Dynamic Modulus Tester E-306 Vacuum Coating Unit with E-

beam and D.C. Sputtering Systems Emissometer Extrusiograph Furnaces

for Sintering of Ceramics Humidity Controlled Oven Hydraulic Hot Press for

Polymeric Materials Impact Tester Liquid and Metallo-Organic Vapour Phase

Epitaxy (MOVPE) Mixing Mill Monsanto Rheometer Photoluminescence

Set-up Planetary Ball Mills Plasma Enhanced CVD R.F. Sputtering Unit

Rheotest II Rubber Abrasion Tester Single screw extruder Spray CVD

Reactor Surfometer Thermal Vacuum Coating Unit Ultrasonic

Interferometer for Liquid and Solids Universal Optical Microscope Vapour

Pressure Osmometer

Jet fuel is a colorless, combustible, straight-run petroleum distillate liquid. Its principal

uses are as jet engine fuel. The most common jet fuel worldwide is a kerosene-based


7/12

7

fuel classified as JET A-1.The governing specifications in India are IS 1571: 2001 (7th

Rev).

IndianOil is India's first ISO-9002 certified oil company conforming to stringent globalquality requirements of aviation fuel storage & handling. IndianOil Aviation also caters

to the fuel requirements of the Indian Defence Services, besides refueling VVIP flights at

all the airports and remote heli-pads/heli-bases across the Indian subcontinent.

IndianOil Aviation group regularly organises International Aviation conferences that act

as a vital information facilitator with participation from leading international and all

domestic airlines, allied industries, statutory aviation authorities and government

agencies from over 35 countries.

IndianOil is the only oil company in India to market the widest possible range of fuels

used by the aviation industry in India- JP-5, Avgas 100LL, Methanol Water Mixture, Jet

A-1 and aviation lubricants, etc.

Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) is dispensed from

specially designed refuellers, which are driven up to parked airplanes and helicopters.

Major airports have hydrant refuelling systems that pump the fuel right up to the filling

outlets on the tarmac through underground pipelines for faster refuelling. Essentially,

ATF is pumped into an aircraft by two methods: Overwing and Underwing. Overwing

fuelling is used on smaller planes, helicopters, and piston-engine aircraft and is similar to

automobile fuelling - one or more fuel ports are opened and fuel is pumped in with aconventional pump. Underwing fuelling, also called single-point is used on larger

aircraft.


8/12

8

Fuel Quality Challenges

PETROL

- Reduction of benzene

- Reduction of olefins

- Reduction of sulphur

- Increase in octane

DIESEL

- Sulphur reduction

- Cetane increase

- Aromatic control

- End point & density reduction

IndianOil's SERVOis the brand leader among lubricants and greases in India and has

been conferred the Consumer Superbrand status by the Superbrands Council of India.

With over 500 commercial grades and 1,500 formulations encompassing literally every

conceivable application, SERVOserves as a one-stop shop for complete lubrication

solutions in the automotive, industrial and marine segments. Recognised for cutting-

edge technology and high-quality products, SERVOis backed by IndianOil's world-class

R&D and an extensive blending and distribution network. In the retailing segment,

besides IndianOil petrol stations, SERVOrange of lubricants is available through a

network of SERVOXPRESSstations, bazaar outlets and thousands of auto spare parts

shops across the country.

SERVOXPRESSvehicle servicing centres are one-stop shops for quick, easy and

convenient auto care, offering a refreshing experience to motorists. Opened in

convenient locations like malls, petrol pumps or as stand-alone units,SERVOXPRESS

stations have facilities for engine oil change, tyre & battery check-ups,air-conditioner

service, vacuum cleaning, perfuming,upholstery cleaning, polishing, lamination

installation, etc., besides replacement of minor parts for two and four-wheeler vehicles.


9/12

9

Lubrication is the art of reducing friction between rubbing or rolling surfaces. In the

recent past two terminologies have gained currency - Tribology, the science of Rubbing;

Rheology, the study of stream or flow. The earliest knowledge of lubrication is evident

from grease lubricated chariot wheels excavated from the ruins. The rapid developmentof this science can be said to have started from the 18th century, with significant

technological progress in commercial usage in the 20th century. Most lubricants are

liquids. Water is a natural lubricant but has extremely limited application due to its very

low viscosity and very low boiling point, besides its contribution to rusting and

corrosion. Vegetable oils have excellent lubrication properties but have very poor

oxidation stability, high pour point, rapid thickening and may even let out foul odours in

time. Most of the liquid lubricants used at present all over the world are petroleum-

based mineral oils.

Diesel/Gas oil

Petroleum derived diesel (called as petrodiesel) is a mixture of straight run product (150

C and 350 C) with varying amount of selected cracked distillates and is composed of

saturated hydrocarbons (primarily paraffins including n , iso , and cycloparaffins), and

aromatic hydrocarbons (including napthalenes and alkylbenzenes).

Diesel is used in diesel engines, a type of internal combustion engine. Rudolf Diesel

originally designed the diesel engine to use coal dust as a fuel, but oil proved more

effective. Diesel engines are used in cars, motorcycles, boats and locomotives.

Automotive diesel fuel serves to power trains, buses, trucks, and automobiles, to run

construction, petroleum drilling and other off-road equipment and to be the prime

mover in a wide range of power generation & pumping applications. The diesel engine is

high compression, self-ignition engine. Fuel is ignited by the heat of high compression

and no spark plug is used.

The Indian Standard governing the properties of diesel fuels is IS 1460:2005 (5th Rev).

Important characteristics are ignition characteristics, handling at low temperature, flashpoint.

Diesel fuel often contains higher quantities of sulphur. In India , emission standards

(equivalent to Euro II, Euro III, Euro IV) have necessitated oil refineries to dramatically

reduce the level of sulphur in diesel in view of the auto fuel policy brought in force by


10/12

10

Govt of India.

BIS has brought out specification for "Diesel with 5% Biodiesel" that may be marketed in

near future.

XTRAMILE

IndianOils XTRAMILE Super Diesel, the leader in the branded diesel segment, is blended

with world-class multi-functional fuel additives. Commercial vehicle owners choose

XTRAMILE because they see a clear value benefit in terms of superior mileage, lower

maintenance costs and improved engine protection. A growing section of customers

who own diesel automobiles, both in the lifestyle and passenger category, prefer

XTRAMILE as a fuel for its added and enhanced performance. XTRAMILE has brought in a

huge savings in the high mileage commercial vehicles segment. Transport fleets that

operate a large number of trucks crisscrossing the country are using XTRAMILE to

benefit from higher mileage and reduced maintenance costs.

Viscosity Index

The viscosity index is a widely used and accepted measure of the variation in kinematic

viscosity due to changes in the temperature of a petroleum product between 40 and

100C.

A higher viscosity index indicates a smaller decrease in kinematic viscosity withincreasing temperature of the lubricant.

The viscosity index is used in practice as a single number indicating temperature

dependence of kinematic viscosity.

Viscosity Index is sometimes used to characterize base oils for purposes of establishing

engine testing requirements for engine oil performance categories.

Smoke Point

This test method provides an indication of the relative smoke producing properties of

kerosines and aviation turbine fuels in a diffusion flame. The smoke point is related to

the hydrocarbon type composition of such fuels. Generally the more aromatic the fuel

the smokier the flame. A high smoke point indicates a fuel of low smoke producing

tendency.


11/12

11

The smoke point (and Luminometer number with which it can be correlated) is

quantitatively related to the potential radiant heat transfer from the combustion

products of the fuel. Because radiant heat transfer exerts a strong influence on the

metal temperature of combustor liners and other hot section parts of gas turbines, thesmoke point provides a basis for correlation of fuel characteristics with the life of these

components.

ASTM DISTILLATION

The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by

performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry

has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM

Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler

distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a

tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on

products and processes.

The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on

their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling

range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel

during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a

hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.

The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation

gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating

temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components

in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid

combustion deposits.

Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of

many solvents, particularly those used in paints.

Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercialcontract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to

regulatory rules.


12/12

12

Cloud Point

The cloud point of petroleum products and biodiesel fuels is an index of the lowest

temperature of their utility for certain applications. Wax crystals of sufficient quantitycan plug filters used in some fuel systems.

Petroleum blending operations require a precise measurement of the cloud point.

This test method can determine the temperature of the test specimen at which wax

crystals have formed sufficiently to be observed as a cloud with a resolution of 0.1C.

Pour Point

The temperature at which a fluid ceases to pour. The pour point for oil can bedetermined under protocols set forth in theASTMD-97 pour point test, in which the

pour point is established as that temperature at which oil ceases to flow when the

sample is held at 90 degrees to the upright for five seconds. High pour points usually

occur in crude oils that have significantparaffincontent. Paraffins (or waxes) will start to

precipitateas temperature decreases. At some point the precipitates accumulate to the

point where the fluid can no longer flow. This phenomenon can occur with light oils as

well as heavy oils.

Octane NumberMotor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock

performance under severe conditions of operation.

Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in

commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and

engines.
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=ASTMhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=ASTMhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=ASTMhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=paraffinhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=paraffinhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=paraffinhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=precipitatehttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=precipitatehttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=precipitatehttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=paraffinhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=ASTM

Documents

Excursion Me Body