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Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

What is an electronic spreadsheet or worksheet ?

It is a Computer Software package which allows a user to

• Manipulate mainly NUMERIC data• Develop formulae• Define certain DATA TYPES• Store and Retrieve Files (Spreadsheet and Graphs

- also called Charts) • Produce results in Text, or Graphics, or both forms• Include security controls

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Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

It is a Computer Software package which allows a user to• Access BUILT-IN Functions• Develop ‘Automatic’ programs known as Macros• Present data and results in a MATRIX form• Access a large number of Menu Options• Access extensive built in Help facilities• Create quick, accurate and representative numeric

profiles of Business conditions and / or problems• Rapidly amend both data and processing• Join data from multiple spreadsheets• Create simulations

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Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

• Prepare information for Management Decision Making processes

• Develop systems for Productivity gains• Develop systems for Personal interests• Import and Export data from other software such as

Microsoft Word, Access, PowerPoint, CorelDRAW!, Harvard, WordPerfect, and a range of other software

• Some software: Lotus, Excel, Knowledgeman, Easycalc, Visicalc, AsEasyAs, Paradox .......

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Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

Electronic Spreadsheets are ‘User Friendly’. The current software provides :

• Windows based software• Multiple Tool Bars, Status bar, Function• A Description of the current selected function• Multiple Menu and Sub-Menu Options• A wide range of Built in functions: Mathematical,

Financial, Accounting, Engineering, Logical, Text Handling, Database, Statistical ...

=sum(range), =if(statement), =pmt(statement), etc• Spellcheck

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Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

• Some Excel Formatting and Editing Facilities

• Color setting - text ,diagrams, cell backgrounds• Pattern settings • Numeric editing - $, %, . .0 .00 + - ( ) Credits in

Red• Alignment of Text and Data in cells - Left, Centre, Right,

Horizontal and Vertical

• Underlining, Italics, Bolding, Font Size, Font Styles

• Boxing and filling

boxing

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Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

• File Security :

• Save, Save with Backup (always)

• Password Protection

• GLOBAL (total spreadsheet) and LOCAL Protection

• Multi User Access - Workgroups

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Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets

COLUMN

ROW

A B

1

2

3

4

This celladdress isB3.The cell mayalso benamed

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AddressingAddressing

• ABSOLUTE Used to ‘fix’ an embedded address when this address is moved to another cell or cells as in cascade copy or move operations

The format is (for example) $D$25

The cell reference will not alter when copied or moved from the current cell to another cell.

Example:

Cell B12 contains the formula =sum($D$25*A12). If this formula is copied to another cell, the $D$25 will NOT alter.

The RELATIVE address A12 WILL ALTER.

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AddressingAddressing

• Other Representations

Column Reference Row Reference

• $D$25 will not change will not change

• $D25 will not change will change

• D$25 will change will not change

• D25 will change will change

• The F4 function key is used to change the mode

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Editing FunctionsEditing Functions

• Used to highlight items in the body of a spreadsheet

Regularly used features are:

• Justification of data in cells (Left, Right, Centre)• Decimal Point placement (or no decimal)• Definition of Numbers - % $ , Credit, • Insertion of Rows, Columns• Deletion of Rows, Columns• Upper and Lower case• Text and Background color• Boxing• Underlining, double lining,

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