Running Head : HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 1

A Prototype Design of A Bench Type

Hydraulic Rotational Viscometer

A Project Study

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Engineering

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

University Site, Lucena City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

By

Mario L. Davila Jr.

Mark Joseph N. Nieva

Emerson S. Tordecilla

March 2010

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 2

Approval Sheet

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in

Mechanical Engineering, entitled “ A Prototype Design of a Bench Type Hydraulic Rotational

Viscometer” has been prepared and submitted by Mark Joseph N. Nieva, Mario M. Davila, and

Emerson S. Tordecilla, is hereby recommended for oral examination.

Engr. Ramela Barlizo – Ramirez Adviser

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in

Mechanical Engineering by the oral examination committee with a rating of ________________.

Dr. Guillermo M. Rago Jr.Chairman

Engr. Renato Zabella Engr. Francisco MaanoMember Member

Dr. Benilda VillenasMember

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in

Mechanical Engineering.

____________________ Dr. Guillermo M. Rago Jr.Date Dean, College of Engineering

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 3

Acknowledgements

( NOTE : Should include all the persons whom you would want to give thanks and due acknowledgement on the support they have given you to make this project study a success. )

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 4

Dedication

( NOTE : Place at the center of the page : horizontally and vertically )

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 5

Table of Contents

Page No.

Title Page 1Approval Letter 2Acknowledgement 3Dedication 4Table of Contents 5List of TablesList of FiguresAbstract

Unit I INTRODUCTIONBackground of the study 11Objectives of the study 12Significance of the study 13Scope and Delimitation 14Conceptual frameworkDefinition of termsAcronymsNomenclature

Unit II REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES and LITERATURERelated LiteratureRelated Studies

Foreign StudiesLocal Studies

Unit III METHODS and PROCEDURES

Method of Research ( NOTE : Qualitative - Discuss WHY it is necessary )

Research Design ( NOTE : Research and Development - Discuss WHY it is necessary )

Research Environment ( NOTE : Discuss the sources of data , research locale , persons involve and time line. )

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 6

Procedures( NOTE : Discuss the methods and procedures of the (a ) research , ( b) design , ( c ) prototype fabrication and ( d ) evaluation & testing.)

Design Concepts( NOTE : Discuss the principles / theories / concepts / laws applicable to the design , prototype fabrication and evaluation / testing. )

Unit IV RESULTS and DISCUSSION( NOTE : Should include existing condition details , design computations / results , design drawings & specifications , details / photos of prototype ; results of evaluation/testing ; time line; bill of materials & cost estimate ; cost benefit analysis whenever necessary. )

Unit V CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS

ConclusionsRecommendations

References

Appendices

Curriculum Vitae

List of Tables

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 7

Table Number Title Page

4.1 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 48

List of Figures

Figure Number Title Page

3.1 Heat Exchanger Comparison 57

ABSTRACT

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 8

Mario L. Davila Jr., Mark Joseph N. Nieva, Emerson S. Tordecilla, “ A Prototype Design of a

Bench Type Hydraulic Rotational Viscometer”, Unpublished project paper for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Manuel S. Enverga

University Foundation, March, 2011.

( NOTE : EXAMPLE ONLY )

There is a problem in …………… Using the various formulas and the different principles of

thermodynamics ……….. The prototype was constructed with the help ……………. The study

concluded that the use of hydraulic rotational viscometer required application of …….

( Note : This is just a sample ; double spaced ; 100 to 200 words or a maximum of 450 words ;

include rationale, methods and procedures, findings, conclusions and recommendations. )

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 9

Unit I

Introduction

Background of the Study

Viscosity is an internal property of a fluid that offers resistance to flow. In food industry,

foods come in variety of physical forms, from the simple Newtonian liquids, such that ……….

There is a problem on the use of ……… and because of this , the researchers were inspired to

development a new way of …… in order to solve ……

The development of this new ……. was brought about by several reasons such as the

following : ……………….

The researchers hoped to achieve …….. with the application of the various engineering

concepts and its application….. It is but imperative to ……

( NOTE : Discuss here rationale , reasons why you chose to undertake this study and overview of

your project study. Enhance discussion of the gap noted that led to the conceptualization of this

project research. )

Objectives of the Study

Specifically this research is focused on the following objectives :

1. To design …………

2. To fabricate …………

3. To evaluate / test ……………

Significance of the Study

Fabrication and design of the bench type hydraulic rotational viscometer will greatly help

in determining the viscosity of any sample liquid specimen. Fabricated specimen was .....…..

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 10

( Discuss here the importance of the project study to you being the researcher , to the company you are working for , to the community , to the school , and to future researchers who would want to do research similar to this. )

Scope and Delimitation

The fabrication and design of the bench type hydraulic rotational viscometer focused on

the following scope ………………. will greatly help in determining the viscosity of any

sample liquid specimen. Fabricated specimen was .....…..

( Discuss here the parameters of the design , prototype fabrication , testing and evaluation . )

Conceptual Framework

The fabrication and design of the bench type hydraulic rotational viscometer focused on

the following scope sample liquid specimen. Fabricated specimen was .....….. The fabrication

and design of the bench type hydraulic rotational viscometer focused on the following scope

sample liquid specimen. Fabricated specimen was .....….. The fabrication and design of the

bench type hydraulic rotational viscometer focused on the following scope sample liquid

specimen. Fabricated specimen was .....….. A paradigm of the study was shown in figure 1 ….

( NOTE : Discuss here the relationship of each research variables to one another. Use Research and Development , See Borg and Gall – R & D stages/phases. )

Figure 1. Conceptual framework paradigm

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 11

Table 1 . Comparison of before and after design …………..

Definition of Terms

Bob is an attached rotational viscometer used as stirrer or mixer.

Bulb is the larger space I a tube where specimen settle.

Capillary tube is a short tube ….

Couette flow refers to the laminar flow ….

Acronyms

ASTM American Society of Testing Materials

cPs Centipoises

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 12

Unit II

Review of Related Studies and Literature

Related Literature

Viscosity. The word viscosity according to Ramirez ( 2009 ) is a standard …….

Torsional shearing stress. According to Ramirez and Felizco ( 2009 ) , torsional

shearing stress can be determined by ……..

Cooling fans. Cooling fans provide the energy to move air or gas which may

become heat exchanger. These system may be an integral part of the motor to cool down (

Ramirez et.al., 2009 ).

Related Studies

Foreign Studies.

Mc Gregor, B.S. ( 2010 ) in his study on determining viscosity of a tomato sauce stated,

“ Viscometer is a highly accurate viscosity profile tester for tomato sauce, which is likewise used to ……”

( Note : Synthesize , Review , Summarize, Annotate or Acknowledge sources. )

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 13

Unit III

Methods and Procedures

Method of Research

Qualitative ……….was used simply because …..

Research Design

Research and Development …………… primarily because the ……..

Research Environment

The researcher visited ………

( NOTE : Discuss here the WHO, WHAT , WHEN , WHERE of the research , design , fabrication and evaluation / testing . )

Procedures

The design procedures were as follows :

Data Gathering Procedures.

Design Concepts

Based on thermodynamics the ……

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 14

Unit IV

Results and Discussion

Data for the existing system

The Existing Design.

The researcher gathered the following data as shown in Table 1 is ……

Table 1 : Different Types of ViscometerName Advantages Disadvantages Materials FunctionsRotationalHydraulic

According to the results , it is much advantageous to use ….. s

The viscometer.

According to various sources and experts……

The design computations

Based on the formula for determining … which is given by the equation , v = RI , the

following results were determined :

The materials , design drawings , lay outs etc. ….

The researcher opted to use aluminum because ….

The details of the prototype …..

The following photographs showed the details of the prototype fabricated by …..

The results of evaluation / testing

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 15

The researcher sought the help of the persons who used the machine in finding how

functional etc…………. , the prototype was. Several statistical methods were used and the

results showed the following : ……………..

Unit V

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 16

Cconclusions and Recommendaitons

Conclusions

1. Accordingly …. based on the design …

2. The researcher therefore concluded that it is best to use …. in the fabrication of ….

3. Based on the results of the evaluation ….

Recommendations

1. Upon careful consideration and due analysis , it is therefore recommended that

improvement in the prototype be made by adding additional features ……

2. The researcher hereby recommends to implement ….

3. In order to improve the prototype , the researcher suggests to …..

REFERENCES

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 17

Anniecum , R. ( 2010 ). Research and its environment. New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons.

Ayaton, P.B., Ramirez, R., Ramirez, J., Zoleta, R.P., Jones, J., Sons, J.R., et.al. ( 2010 ). A casestudy on the use of viscometer. Philippines : BIV Printing Press.

Barlizo, R.P. ( 2010a). The functions of viscometer. Philippines : Lucena Printing Press.

Barlizo, R.P. ( 2010b). Impacts of the use of viscometer. Philippines : Lucena Printing Press.

Calvario, R.P. ( 2008 ). Viscometer : Characteristics, functions and advantages. EnvergaNewsletter, 92, 310 – 330.

Calvario, R.P. ( 2008 ). A proposed design of a viscometer. Unpublished project study in ManuelS. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City. 310 – 330.

Grady, F.G. ( 2007 ). Viscometer. Tool for liquid viscosity determination, 12, 145-167. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2010, from http://www.rpbr.com.ph/tools/Grady02302.html

Ramirez, R. & Ramirez, J. ( 2010 ) Functions of viscometer. New Jersey : Academic Press.

Ramirez, R. ( 2009 ). Viscometer functions. New York : Mc Graw Hill Company.

APPENDICES

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 18

( NOTE : The various figures / photos / diagrams / tables which need to be presented in Unit II must be mentioned in the said unit however shown and referred in the appendices. )

CURRICULUM VITAE

A PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF A BENCH TYPE HYDRAULIC ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER 19

( NOTE : Make it as concise as possible , indicating your strong points and your expertise. )