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Examining Parts of a Plant
8th Grade Exploring AgricultureResources: http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/parts.html
Student Learning Objectives
1. Describe the parts of the plant. 2. Identify the reproductive structures of
plants that exist in the flower. 3. Describe the difference between
monocot and dicot flowers. 4. Explain the difference between
pollination and fertilization. 5. Describe environmental factors that
can influence the beginning of the flowering process.
Terms
Anther Anthesis Complete flower Dicot Fertilization Filament Flower Fruit Imperfect flower Incomplete flower
Leaves Monocot Ovaries Ovule Perfect flower Petal Photoperiodism Phytochrome Pistil Pistillate flower
Terms cont.
Parts of a Plant
RootsRoots act like straws absorbing water and
minerals from the soil. Tiny root hairs stick out of the root, helping in
the absorption. Roots help to anchor the plant in the soil so it
does not fall over. Roots also store extra food for future use.
StemsStems do many things. They support the plant. They act like the plant's plumbing system,
conducting water and nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose from the leaves to other plant parts.
Stems can be herbaceous like the bendable stem of a daisy or woody like the trunk of an oak tree.
Parts of a Plant
Types of Stems
Herbaceous: Plants with stems that are usually soft and
bendable. Herbaceous stems die back to the ground
every year. Woody:
Plants with stems, such as tree trunks, that are hard and do not bend easily.
Woody stems usually don't die back to the ground each year.
Celery Sticks
A celery stalk, the part of celery that we eat, is a special part of the leaf structure called a petiole. A petiole is a small stalk attaching the leaf blade of a plant to the stem.
In celery, the petiole serves many of the same functions as a stem. It's easy to see the "pipes" that conduct water and nutrients in a stalk of celery.
Here the "pipes" are dyed red so you can easily see them
Parts of a Plant
LeavesMost plants' food is made in their leaves. Leaves are designed to capture sunlight
which the plant uses to make food through a process called photosynthesis.
Parts of a Plant
FlowersFlowers are the reproductive part of most
plants. Flowers contain pollen and tiny eggs called
ovules. After pollination of the flower and fertilization
of the ovule, the ovule develops into a fruit.
Parts of a FlowerFlower - reproductive part of
flowering plants
Parts of a Flower cont…Sepals - green-like structures
beneath the petals; offer protection to developing bud
Sepal
Parts of a Flower cont…Petals - usually brightly colored;
attract pollinatorsPetal
Parts of a Flower cont…Stamens - male reproductive
part of flowerStamen
Parts of a Flower cont…Pistil - female reproductive part
of the flower
Pistil
Reproductive StructuresStamen
Anther - produces the pollenFilament - stalk which supports the anther
Reproductive Structures cont…Pistil
Stigma - has sticky surface to capture pollen
Style - tube-like; connects stigma with the ovary
Ovary - contains the ovules
Groups of flowersComplete flower - has all four major parts (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils).
Incomplete flower - lack one or more of the major parts
Perfect flower – contains both stamens and pistils
Groups of flowers cont…Imperfect flower - lacks either stamens or pistils
Pistillate flower - has pistils but no stamens
Staminate flower - has stamens but no pistils
Monocot vs. DicotMonocots - flower parts in
multiples of 3
Dicots - flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Pollination and FertilizationPollination - when a
pollinator transfers pollen grains from anther to stigma
Fertilization - when pollen fuses with the egg cell
VIDEO: http://www.unitedstreaming.com Keyword: Pollen Trip; Title: The Pollen Trip
Influence on Flower Formation
Photoperiodism - growth response of a plant to the length of day
Vernalization - process by which floral induction in some plants is promoted by exposing the plants to cool temperatures for a certain length of time
Phytochrome - pigment in cytoplasm of green plants; associated with the absorption of light that affects growth, development, and differentiation including flowering of a plant, independent of photosynthesis
Anthesis - release of pollen from the anther
Parts of a Plant
FruitFruit provides a covering for seeds. Fruit can be fleshy like an apple or hard like a
nut. Seeds
Seeds contain new plants. Seeds form in fruit.
Review/Summary
What are the major parts of flowers? What reproductive structures exist in the flower
and what are their functions? How is a monocot flower different from a dicot
flower? What is the difference between pollination and
fertilization? Describe environmental factors that can
influence the beginning of the flowering process.