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Examining Drugs, Alcohol and Examining Drugs, Alcohol and Supplement Use in Sport: Supplement Use in Sport: What do we know?What do we know?AVCA 2008AVCA 2008
Kathy TurpinKathy TurpinThe National Center for The National Center for Drug Free Sport, Inc.Drug Free Sport, Inc.www.drugfreesport.comwww.drugfreesport.com
Mary E. WilfertMary E. WilfertNational Collegiate Athletic National Collegiate Athletic AssociationAssociationwww.ncaa.org/health-www.ncaa.org/health-safetysafety
//
Who is The National Who is The National Collegiate Athletic Collegiate Athletic
Association?Association?
Higher Education Association Higher Education Association with services to with services to support athletics departments at over 1000 support athletics departments at over 1000 IHEIHE
Membership-ledMembership-led associationassociation abiding by the abiding by the NCAA principles of NCAA principles of student-athlete welfarestudent-athlete welfare: : shared responsibility to provide an shared responsibility to provide an environment that environment that protects the health safety of protects the health safety of student-athletes.student-athletes.
NCAA Committee on NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Competitive Safeguards and
Medical Aspects of SportsMedical Aspects of Sports
University staff that work in sports medicine, law, University staff that work in sports medicine, law, athletics administration, research.athletics administration, research.
Researches student-athlete health and safety issues.Researches student-athlete health and safety issues.
Oversees NCAA drug-education and testing policy.Oversees NCAA drug-education and testing policy.
Develops sports medicine handbook guidelines.Develops sports medicine handbook guidelines. Ensures fair and credible drug-testing and appeals Ensures fair and credible drug-testing and appeals
processes.processes.
NCAA Study of Substance NCAA Study of Substance UseUse
Conducted every four yearsConducted every four years Over 20,000 student-athletes Over 20,000 student-athletes
complete anonymously (out of complete anonymously (out of 380,000 S-A)380,000 S-A)
Trends help determine policy and Trends help determine policy and practicepractice
Reported use is within last twelve Reported use is within last twelve months, unless otherwise months, unless otherwise indicatedindicated
Following slides are from the 2005 Following slides are from the 2005 study.study.
Ergogenic Drug Use - By NCAA Division
11.3
1.2
4.6
3.84
2.62.62.4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Divis ion I Divis ion II Divis ion III
Pe
rce
nt
anabolic s teroids am phetam ines ephedrine
Ergogenic Drug Use - By Gender
0.2
1.7
3.6
4.4
1.7
3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Male Female
Per
cen
t
anabolic steroids amphetamines ephedrine
Ergogenic Drug Use - By Ethnicity
1.71.7
1
3.4
2.4
4.5
2.7
2.22.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
White Black Other
Per
cen
t
anabolic steroids amphetamines ephedrine
Ergogenic Drug Use - Historic Trends
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
1989 1993 1997 2001 2005
Per
cen
t
anabolic steroids amphetamines ephedrine
Out of about 20,000 student-athletes, Out of about 20,000 student-athletes, 214 males and 13 females 214 males and 13 females reportedreported hGH* use hGH* use
Males: Males: Females: Females: 106 FB 6 basketball106 FB 6 basketball 33 baseball 4 golf33 baseball 4 golf 30 basketball 3 soccer30 basketball 3 soccer 14 soccer 3 indoor14 soccer 3 indoor 13 wrestling 2 outdoor13 wrestling 2 outdoor 12 outdoor 2 lacrosse 12 outdoor 2 lacrosse
9 indoor 2 VB/ 871 surveyed9 indoor 2 VB/ 871 surveyed 8 lacrosse8 lacrosse 8 golf8 golf 7 Tennis7 Tennis 6 cross country6 cross country 3 Ice Hockey3 Ice Hockey Smattering of otherSmattering of other 0 VB / 85 surveyed0 VB / 85 surveyed
*reports of hGH use may not accurately reflect true use of growth hormone, as many *reports of hGH use may not accurately reflect true use of growth hormone, as many “hGH” products don’t actually contain growth hormone. . . . . “hGH” products don’t actually contain growth hormone. . . . .
Social Drug Use - By NCAA Division
81.574.574.7
25.8
17.817.3 16.416.616.2 16.614.112.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Divis ion I Divis ion II Divis ion III
Pe
rce
nt
alcohol m arijuana spit tobacco cigarettes
Social Drug Use - By Gender
77.2 76.8
16.922.6
1.7
25.8
15.912.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Male Female
Per
cen
t
alcohol marijuana spit tobacco cigarettes
Social Drug Use - By Ethnicity
70.1
52.8
82
21.3 19.714 12
5.3
18.6
615.115.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
White Black Other
Pe
rce
nt
alcohol m arijuana spit tobacco cigarettes
Social Drug Use - Historic Trends
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1989 1993 1997 2001 2005
Per
cen
t
alcohol marijuana spit tobacco cigarettes
Among Drinkers, Those Having 6 or More Drinks per Sitting
61.956.555.5
20.7 22.6
26.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1997 2001 2005
Perc
ent
Male Fem ale
Among Drinkers, Those Having 10 or More Drinks per Sitting
27.8
20.720.5
2.3 2.43.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1997 2001 2005
Perc
ent
Male Female
Alcohol on PerformanceAlcohol on Performance
Causes dehydration which slows Causes dehydration which slows healinghealing
Requires increased conditioning to Requires increased conditioning to
manage weightmanage weight Slows muscle recoverySlows muscle recovery Inhibits absorption of nutrientsInhibits absorption of nutrients Interferes with ability to sharply Interferes with ability to sharply
focusfocus Hampers memory and retentionHampers memory and retention
Drug
Women’s Basketball
Women’sSoftball
Women’s Swimming
Women’s Tennis
Women’s Track/Field
1993 1997 2001 2005 1993 1997 2001 2005 1993 1997 2001 2005 1993 1997 2001 2005 1993 1997 2001 2005
Amphetamines 1.5% 1.0% 2.0% 2.9% 4.0% 4.7% 3.9% 5.2% 2.2% 4.7% 3.3% 4.4% 0.0% 2.5% 2.7% 2.6% 1.4% 2.1% 1.7% 1.9%
Anabolic
steroids1.5% 0.4% 0.7% 0.3% 1.7% 0.9% 0.8% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.3% 0.1% 2.7% 0.3% 0.0% 0.2% 2.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.1%
Ephedrine N/A 1.8% 1.3% 1.5% N/A 1.1% 2.3% 2.9% N/A 0.5% 2.2% 1.7% N/A 1.9% 1.2% 1.2% N/A 0.9% 1.3% 1.1%
Ergogenic Drug Use in Women’s Sports
Sport
AmphetaminesAnabolic
steroidsEphedrine
1997 2001 2005 1997 2001 2005 1997 2001 2005
Fencing 0.0% 0.0% ** 0.0% 0.0% ** 3.0% 2.5% **
Field Hockey 4.6% 4.1% 4.4% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 1.9% 3.1%
Golf 5.1% 3.0% 4.6% 0.0% 0.5% 0.4% 1.5% 1.9% 3.0%
Gymnastics 3.3% 3.4% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 1.1% 3.4% 1.1%
Ice Hockey 0.0% 2.4% 4.9% 0.0% 0.8% 2.4% 0.0% 3.2% 11.9%
Lacrosse 3.2% 2.9% 8.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 0.3% 2.7%
Skiing 4.3% ** ** 0.0% ** ** 0.0% ** **
Soccer 5.3% 4.6% 4.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.1% 3.3% 1.6% 1.0%
Volleyball 3.0% 4.1% 2.9% 0.8% 0.1% 0.6% 2.1% 1.7% 1.7%
Ergogenic Drug Use Patterns in Other Women’s Sports
Drug
Women’s Basketball
Women’s Softball
Women’s Swimming
Women’s Tennis
Women’s Track/Field
1993 1997 2001 2005 1993 1997 2001 2005 1993 1997 2001 2005 1993 1997 2001 2005 1993 1997 2001 2005
Alcohol 85.3% 78.5% 72.0% 67.4% 91.3% 81.4% 85.8% 80.9% 92.2% 84.3% 88.3% 83.3% 96.1% 78.4% 84.4% 73.1% 82.5% 72.9% 71.3% 64.6%
Cocaine/
crack0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 1.2% 1.8% 1.3% 1.4% 1.7% 1.5% 1.6% 1.1% 0.0% 0.8% 1.5% 1.4% 0.0% 0.2% 0.6% 0.5%
Marijuana/hash
14.7% 22.4% 21.3% 12.1% 24.2% 26.5% 29.1% 18.2% 29.5% 29.0% 29.9% 19.6% 21.6% 21.4% 20.4% 14.0% 11.5% 17.5% 14.8% 10.4%
SpitTobacco
7.4% 5.3% 3.5% 1.6% 8.6% 8.5% 4.9% 2.9% 9.5% 5.4% 3.2% 1.4% 10.7% 1.4% 3.6% 1.6% 6.9% 4.1% 1.5% 0.9%
Psychedelics/hallucinogens
N/A 1.9% 1.6% 0.7% N/A 2.6% 4.0% 0.9% N/A 5.6% 3.7% 2.2% N/A 3.2% 2.1% 0.6% N/A 2.8% 1.5% 0.5%
Cigarettes N/A N/A 18.9% 10.9% N/A N/A 35.3% 22.6% N/A N/A 31.3% 16.8% N/A N/A 30.1% 17.0% N/A N/A 11.6% 6.2%
Social Drug Use in Women’s Sports
SportAlcohol Cocaine/crack Marijuana Spit tobacco Psychedelics
1997 2001 2005 1997 2001 2005 1997 2001 2005 1997 2001 2005 1997 2001 2005
Fencing 78.8% 80.0% ** 0.0% 0.0% ** 12.1% 10.0% ** 3.0% 0.0% ** 3.0% 0.0% **
Field Hockey 88.8% 88.4% 88.8% 1.0% 2.5% 0.9% 34.9% 38.2% 23.6% 6.6% 4.1% 0.9% 9.3% 5.6% 1.0%
Golf 89.8% 83.9% 75.1% 3.0% 1.4% 2.5% 28.6% 20.9% 14.5% 5.1% 2.9% 4.1% 2.9% 1.6% 0.4%
Gymnastics 75.3% 78.4% 87.5% 0.0% 1.1% 1.1% 21.4% 13.6% 13.5% 5.4% 1.1% 2.1% 1.1% 1.1% 0.0%
Ice Hockey 83.4% 87.9% 92.9% 0.0% 1.6% 0.0% 35.3% 28.5% 34.1% 22.3% 5.6% 19.5% 0.0% 5.8% 2.4%
Lacrosse 95.9% 93.7% 93.3% 1.1% 1.6% 3.6% 51.5% 42.8% 36.5% 12.4% 2.8% 4.6% 14.3% 3.8% 0.9%
Skiing 83.3% ** ** 0.0% ** ** 16.7% ** ** 12.5% ** ** 0.0% ** **
Soccer 86.9% 87.4% 83.4% 1.1% 1.3% 2.3% 37.6% 29.5% 24.1% 6.0% 3.5% 3.3% 7.6% 4.9% 2.6%
Volleyball 81.9% 77.9% 79.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.6% 24.6% 22.6% 15.9% 5.0% 2.1% 1.6% 3.4% 3.5% 1.7%
Social Drug Use Patterns in Other Women’s Sports
Response Choice
Amphetamines Anabolic steroids EphedrineAll nutritional supplements*
1997(n=197)
2001(n=345)
2005(n=1223)
1997(n=61)
2001(n=100)
2005(n=397)
1997(n=254)
2001(n=520)
2005(n=1729)
2001(n=6191)
2005(n=8271)
Junior high or before
10.1% 5.7% 14.3% 26.9% 15.4% 17.4% 3.4% 3.5% 6.4% 5.7% 9.2%
High school 53.7% 46.2% 51.4% 25.0% 41.8% 39.3% 37.4% 58.0% 66.4% 57.3% 66.1%
During freshman year of college
15.4% 26.0% 19.1% 19.2% 16.5% 16.4% 18.9% 17.3% 16.0% 20.0% 14.7%
After freshman year of college 20.7% 22.1% 15.1% 28.8% 26.4% 27.0% 40.3% 21.2% 11.2% 15.9% 9.9%
Initial Use of Ergogenic DrugsPercentages Based on Those Who Continue to Use
*Nutritional Supplement related question was not included previous to the 2001 survey.
Response Choice
Alcohol Cocaine/crack Marijuana/hashish Spit tobacco Cigarettes*
1997(n=9279)
2001(n=14405)
2005(n=15849)
1997(n=78)
2001(n=139)
2005(n=647)
1997(n=1865)
2001(n=2899)
2005(n=6865)
1997(n=1941)
2001(n=2393)
2005(n=3982)
2001(n=4606)
2005(n=4019)
Junior high or before 14.2% 13.1% 17.0% 10.7% 10.2% 9.9% 8.6% 14.8% 16.3% 17.8% 17.0% 15.5% 16.6% 25.9%
High school 63.2% 64.9% 60.7% 34.7% 32.8% 45.4% 62.7% 63.7% 65.7% 58.7% 57.0% 57.9% 59.0% 53.9%
During freshman year of college 18.2% 17.1% 16.9% 10.7% 21.9% 21.2% 17.4% 12.9% 11.8% 15.0% 16.4% 17.3% 14.6% 12.1%
After freshman year of college 4.3% 4.9% 5.4% 44.0% 35.2% 23.5% 11.4% 8.6% 6.1% 8.4% 9.7% 9.3% 9.8% 8.1%
Initial Use of Social DrugsPercentages Based on Those Who Continue to Use
Dietary SupplementsDietary Supplements
US Dietary Supplement Health US Dietary Supplement Health andand
Education Act of 1994:Education Act of 1994:
Puts burden onto FDA to prove that a Puts burden onto FDA to prove that a nutritional supplement is harmful nutritional supplement is harmful before it can regulate before it can regulate its sale.its sale.
Dietary Supplements Do not need to be
proven effective
Do not need to be proven safe
Lack standards on potency and
PURITYPURITY
Where do athletes getWhere do athletes get supplement information? supplement information?
What Athletes tell us about What Athletes tell us about supplement usesupplement use
Can’t gain weight without it Can’t meet nutrient needs
without Want the extra edge Can’t be all bad –
everyone is using I only use legal supplements
What we know about supplements?
In 2001, the IOC conducted a study of 634 non-hormonal supplements from around the world
Products included – vitamins, minerals, protein powders, creatine, herbal extracts, etc.
Looked at 13 nations and 215 different companies
Supplements were tested in IOC accredited lab
Only looked for anabolic steroids
Results:
What we know about supplements?
Country No. of products
No. of positives % of positives
Netherlands 31 8 25.8 %
Austria 22 5 22.7 %
UK 37 7 18.9 %
USA 240 45 18.8 %
Italy 35 5 14.3 %
Spain 29 4 13.8 %
Germany 129 15 11.6 %
Belgium 30 2 6.7 %
France 30 2 6.7 %
Norway 30 1 3.3 %
Switzerland 13 - -
Sweden 6 - -
Hungary 2 - -
Total 634 94 14.8 %Is your athlete willing to take a 14.8 % chance they will test positive?
What we know about supplements?
In 2007, HFL a British laboratory that does sport drug surveillance, conducted a study of dietary supplements sold in the USA
Study was overseen by Informed Choice
Of the 52 products analyzed, 25% contained traces of anabolic steroids and 11.5% contained banned stimulants
Report concluded: “It is clear that not all supplement manufacturers follow good manufacturing practices and the necessary control are not always implemented to ensure the safety of athletes and the general public who use supplement products.”
Bottom line: Nothing has changed!
What we know about supplements?
Most dietary supplements are ineffective
For the few supplements that do work:
Not everyone benefits equally
They don’t help for all events
They can performance in some events
Some have significant side effects
NCAA 2005 drug use surveyNCAA 2005 drug use survey
21,000 athletes surveyed21,000 athletes surveyed 41% reported nutritional/dietary supplement use 41% reported nutritional/dietary supplement use
within last yearwithin last year
Most commonly used:Most commonly used: CreatineCreatine Protein products and amino acidsProtein products and amino acids ThermogenicsThermogenics
Most cited reasons for use wereMost cited reasons for use were To improve athletic performance (38%)To improve athletic performance (38%) For health reasons in general (24%)For health reasons in general (24%) For weight loss/weight gain (22%)For weight loss/weight gain (22%)
CreatineCreatine Not a banned substance.Not a banned substance. What does it claim? What does it claim?
promote muscle growthpromote muscle growth reduce recovery timereduce recovery time Increase energy productionIncrease energy production
[No evidence of increasing muscle mass [No evidence of increasing muscle mass without resistance exercise]without resistance exercise]
What does the research What does the research say?say? Short-term use appears Short-term use appears
safe, but…cramping, heat safe, but…cramping, heat illnessillness
Long-term risks not known Long-term risks not known and difficult to study. and difficult to study.
Recommendations are not to Recommendations are not to provide to youthprovide to youth!!
““Weight-loss supplement Weight-loss supplement linked to at least 155 deaths”linked to at least 155 deaths”
The use of The use of stimulantsstimulants
- including ephedrine – - including ephedrine –
before, during or after before, during or after exercise, especially when exercise, especially when such use is accompanied such use is accompanied by by hot and/or humid hot and/or humid environments environments is is
dangerousdangerous..
Sports drinks Sports drinks vs. vs. “Energy” drinks“Energy” drinks
Sports DrinksSports Drinks RehydrateRehydrate
Help maintain Help maintain electrolyte balanceelectrolyte balance
Do not contain Do not contain stimulantsstimulants
Energy DrinksEnergy Drinkso May contain more May contain more
concentrated sugarconcentrated sugar
o Contain one or more Contain one or more sources of sources of stimulantsstimulants (caffeine, guarana)(caffeine, guarana)
o May contain amino May contain amino acids and herbals acids and herbals (unregulated)(unregulated)
Caffeine Comparison:Caffeine Comparison:
4.5 lbs of milk chocolate360 mg Caffeine
8 cans of Classic Coke
Anabolic Steroid Control Act of Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 20042004
Prohormones are now Anabolic Steroids Prohormones are now Anabolic Steroids and classified as Schedule III Controlled and classified as Schedule III Controlled SubstancesSubstances
Illegal to possess without a prescriptionIllegal to possess without a prescription
Carved out an exception for DHEACarved out an exception for DHEA
DHEADHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone is a Dehydroepiandrosterone is a pro-hormone, produced by the pro-hormone, produced by the adrenal gland and is found adrenal gland and is found naturally in the bodynaturally in the body. .
Advocates claim that DHEA Advocates claim that DHEA supplements can improve mood, supplements can improve mood, increase energy and libido, increase energy and libido, counteract the effects of stress, counteract the effects of stress, preserve muscle, strengthen the preserve muscle, strengthen the immune system, and prevent immune system, and prevent cancer and heart disease.cancer and heart disease.
DHEA is an DHEA is an NCAA banned NCAA banned substance.substance.
What about Multi-Vitamins?What about Multi-Vitamins?
Subject to the Subject to the same lack of same lack of regulationregulation
No guaranteesNo guarantees Added HerbsAdded Herbs
Before deciding to use a supplementBefore deciding to use a supplement
Do I need this supplement?Do I need this supplement? Do I know that this supplement Do I know that this supplement
is safe?is safe? Does this supplement interact Does this supplement interact
with any drug or food I am with any drug or food I am consuming?consuming?
Do I know that this supplement Do I know that this supplement works?works?
Can I afford this supplement?Can I afford this supplement? Do I know enough about this Do I know enough about this
supplement?supplement?
Performance Enhancers
FoodHydration
ConditioningRest and Recovery
Stress ManagementStay Well!
The Message . . . .The Message . . . .
Good NutritionGood Nutrition
Promotes HealthPromotes Health
Enhances Enhances Performance!Performance!
Nutrition Survey Nutrition Survey n = 9930n = 9930
n %I do not skip meals 2248 22.9Breakfast 4683 47.6Lunch 2636 26.8Dinner 268 2.7
If you skip meals, which one are you most likely to miss?
n %Lack of time 4366 57.8Food not around 629 8.3Practice conflicts with meal time 718 9.5Dining hall not open 199 2.6Not hungry 1089 14.4Weight managment 276 3.7Financial concerns 278 3.7
What is your main reason for skipping meals?
Female Athlete TriadFemale Athlete Triad
NCAA Study:NCAA Study: Coaches Regarding Amenorrhea Coaches Regarding Amenorrhea
1%: normal, not serious1%: normal, not serious
36%: normal, assess after 6 months36%: normal, assess after 6 months
15%: not normal, not harmful15%: not normal, not harmful 48%: not normal, medical required48%: not normal, medical required
Female coaches were more likely to be aware of, Female coaches were more likely to be aware of,
talk to athletes about, and refer for menstrual talk to athletes about, and refer for menstrual
irregularity.irregularity.2003 NCAA Coaches Survey2003 NCAA Coaches Survey
Meals and Snacks Meals and Snacks
institutions must institutions must take responsibility take responsibility for ensuring that for ensuring that the nutritional the nutritional needs of their needs of their student-athletes student-athletes are met. . . .are met. . . .
““Peace sign” Peace sign” eatingeating
2/3 of the plate as 2/3 of the plate as carbohydrate foods:carbohydrate foods:
bread, bagels, bread, bagels, cereal, rice, cereal, rice, pasta, sweets, pasta, sweets, fruit, vegetables, fruit, vegetables, crackers, pretzels, crackers, pretzels, beveragesbeverages
1/3 protein:1/3 protein: meat, poultry, meat, poultry,
fish, dairy foods, fish, dairy foods, nuts, seeds, soy nuts, seeds, soy foods, dried foods, dried beans, eggsbeans, eggs
TIMINGTIMING
Breakfast is a must!Breakfast is a must! Something to eat/drink every 3-4 hoursSomething to eat/drink every 3-4 hours Meal 3-4 hours BEFORE gamesMeal 3-4 hours BEFORE games Snack 1 hour BEFORE gamesSnack 1 hour BEFORE games Carbohydrate food/fluid DURING Carbohydrate food/fluid DURING
practices/gamespractices/games Carbohydrate food/fluid within 15 minutes Carbohydrate food/fluid within 15 minutes
AFTER practices/gamesAFTER practices/games
Urine color—teach athletes to Urine color—teach athletes to check color for hydrationcheck color for hydration
This shows an example or normal, straw colored urine. Anything darker would suggest a level of dehydration
SALT LOSERSSALT LOSERS
IF:IF: Your sweat stings your eyesYour sweat stings your eyes Your skin/uniform are coated with a Your skin/uniform are coated with a
white residue after practices/gameswhite residue after practices/games THEN:THEN:
Use more salt on foodsUse more salt on foods Eat salty foodsEat salty foods Don’t overdo with waterDon’t overdo with water
CSSD: Certified Sports CSSD: Certified Sports DietitianDietitian
Registered dietitians with expertise in Registered dietitians with expertise in sports dieteticssports dietetics
Board certified by the American Dietetic Board certified by the American Dietetic Association as specialists in sport Association as specialists in sport dieteticsdietetics
Many CSSD’s also have exercise and/or Many CSSD’s also have exercise and/or athletic training credentialsathletic training credentials
Most are SCAN- the Sports, Most are SCAN- the Sports, Cardiovascular and Wellness Nutritionists Cardiovascular and Wellness Nutritionists practice group of the American Dietetic practice group of the American Dietetic AssociationAssociation
Nutrition and PerformanceNutrition and Performance
Go to:Go to:
www.ncaa.org/nutritionandperformancewww.ncaa.org/nutritionandperformance
Click on “Resources” and then:Click on “Resources” and then:Performance: The Role of Nutrition Performance: The Role of Nutrition
and Body Image and Body Image (PowerPoint file courtesy of (PowerPoint file courtesy of Leslie Bonci)Leslie Bonci)
IGNORANCE IS NO EXCUSEIGNORANCE IS NO EXCUSEStudent-athletes are responsible for
reading a product’s label and consulting with the appropriate athletics department representative to determine whether the product’s ingredients include an NCAA banned substance on the label. Student-athletes assume the risk that supplement products may be mislabeled or contaminated with an undisclosed banned substance.
Ultimately, student-athletes are responsible for any substance they put in their body.
NCAA Banned Drug NCAA Banned Drug ClassesClasses
StimulantsStimulants (e.g., amphetamine, ephedrine, Ritalin, (e.g., amphetamine, ephedrine, Ritalin, ecstasy)ecstasy)
Anabolic agents Anabolic agents (e.g., andro, testosterone)(e.g., andro, testosterone)
Beta blockers and alcoholBeta blockers and alcohol (rifle)(rifle)
Street drugs Street drugs (i.e., heroin and marijuana)(i.e., heroin and marijuana)
Peptide hormones Peptide hormones (e.g., EPO, growth hormone)(e.g., EPO, growth hormone)
Diuretics and urine manipulators Diuretics and urine manipulators (masking agents)(masking agents)
Anti-EstrogenAnti-Estrogens s (used to mitigate unwelcome steroid side (used to mitigate unwelcome steroid side effects)effects)
NCAA Drug TestingNCAA Drug TestingWhy Test?Why Test? To deter cheatingTo deter cheating To protect health and safetyTo protect health and safety To maintain the integrity of the To maintain the integrity of the
gamegame
Testing is part of a comprehensive Testing is part of a comprehensive approach to drug deterrence:approach to drug deterrence: Written policyWritten policy EducationEducation TestingTesting
Testing protects individuals Testing protects individuals and the integrity of the gameand the integrity of the game
Headline: Headline: Former Vols guard Lofton Former Vols guard Lofton underwent cancer treatment underwent cancer treatment ““Former Tennessee guard Chris Lofton underwent Former Tennessee guard Chris Lofton underwent treatment for testicular cancer after a failed drug treatment for testicular cancer after a failed drug test revealed he potentially had a tumor.”test revealed he potentially had a tumor.”
Testing positive for hCG - could be Testing positive for hCG - could be doping,doping,
Or could be a marker for cancer . . .Or could be a marker for cancer . . .
NCAA Drug Test PenaltiesNCAA Drug Test Penalties 365 days from date of test365 days from date of test Loss of one year of eligibilityLoss of one year of eligibility
Second positive for performance enhancer, loss of remaining Second positive for performance enhancer, loss of remaining eligibilityeligibility
Second positive involving street drug, additional loss of year of Second positive involving street drug, additional loss of year of eligibility and out 365eligibility and out 365
Drug-Test Appeal outcomes: Drug-Test Appeal outcomes: appeal is denied and the full penalty is upheld; appeal is denied and the full penalty is upheld; appeal is denied and the penalty is reduced by 50%; appeal is denied and the penalty is reduced by 50%; appeal is granted and the positive test is overturned and no appeal is granted and the positive test is overturned and no
penalty is assessed. penalty is assessed. No other NCAA recourse beyond appealNo other NCAA recourse beyond appeal.. Reinstatement after negative “exit test” and Reinstatement after negative “exit test” and
request is granted.request is granted.
What if a Banned Substance is What if a Banned Substance is Prescribed?Prescribed?
Medical Exception review for all classes except street Medical Exception review for all classes except street drugsdrugs No pre-approval needed for No pre-approval needed for
StimulantsStimulants Beta blockersBeta blockers DiureticsDiuretics Anti-EstrogensAnti-Estrogens
Pre-approval needed forPre-approval needed for Peptide hormones Peptide hormones SteroidsSteroids
Must maintain records with sports medicine Must maintain records with sports medicine staff!staff!
USE OF a BANNED Medication without a prescription can USE OF a BANNED Medication without a prescription can result in loss of eligibility.result in loss of eligibility.
Medical Exceptions for Medical Exceptions for Banned Drug UseBanned Drug Use
Not for street drugsNot for street drugs
Pre-approval for anabolic agents and peptide Pre-approval for anabolic agents and peptide hormones and analogueshormones and analogues
Stimulants, diuretics, anti-estrogens are approved Stimulants, diuretics, anti-estrogens are approved
with appropriate documentation after a positive drug with appropriate documentation after a positive drug test report.test report.
NCAA is providing its membership a new guideline NCAA is providing its membership a new guideline with ‘templated’ reporting letterswith ‘templated’ reporting letters
NCAA Health and Safety NCAA Health and Safety Resources Resources
www.ncaa.org/health-safetywww.ncaa.org/health-safety
