Please notice that the patient is in an upright position with straight feet and shoulders. The patient indicates the maximum of movements during examination.

Examination 1: anteversionThe examiner is positioned next to the patient. The patients’ back is turned against the wall. The patient raises her arm forwards as much as possible. The centre of rotation of the measuring-staff is located at the height of the axilla. One part of the measuring-staff is pointed vertical while the other part is at the same level as the arm.

Please notice that the patient is in an upright position with straight feet and shoulders. The patient indicates the maximum of movements during examination.

Examination 2: retroversionThe examiner is positioned next to the patient. The patients’ back is turned against the corner of a wall, if present. The patient moves her arm backwards as much as possible. The centre of rotation of the measuring-staff is located at the height of the shoulder. One part of the measuring-staff is pointed vertical while the other part is at the same level as the arm.

Please notice that the patient is in an upright position with straight feet and shoulders. The patient indicates the maximum of movements during examination.

Examination 3: abductionThe examiner is positioned in front of the patient. The patients’ back is turned against the wall. The patient raises her arm sidewards as much as possible. The centre of rotation of the measuring-staff is located at the height of the shoulder. One part of the measuring-staff is pointed vertical while the other part is at the same level as the arm.

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Please notice that the patient is in an upright position with straight feet and shoulders. The patient indicates the maximum of movements during examination.

Examination 4: adductionThe examiner is positioned in front of the patient. The patients’ back is turned against the wall. The patient raises her arm sidewards (crossing her chest) as much as possible. The centre of rotation of the measuring-staff is located at the height of the shoulder. One part of the measuring-staff is pointed forwards while the other part is pointed to the direction of the elbow.

Please notice that the patient is in an upright position with straight feet and shoulders. The patient indicates the maximum of movements during examination.

Examination 5: internal rotationThe examiner is positioned behind the patient. The patient raises her arm behind her back as much as possible. The centre of rotation of the measuring-staff is located at the height of the elbow. One part of the measuring-staff is pointed vertical while the other part is pointed to the direction of the hand.

Please notice that the patient is in an upright position with straight feet and shoulders. The patient indicates the maximum of movements during examination.

Examination 6: external rotationThe examiner is positioned in front of the patient. The patients’ back is turned against the wall. The patients’ arm is positioned in a 90 degrees angle with the palm of the hand upwards. The patient slowly turns her arm out as much as possible. The centre of rotation of the measuring-staff is located at the height of the elbow. One part of the measuring-staff is pointed forwards while the other part is pointed to the direction of the hand.