CLAD Sample Exam

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Certified LabVIEW Associate Developer Exam

Test Booklet

Note: The use of the computer or any reference materials is NOT allowed during the exam. Instructions: If you did not receive this exam in a sealed envelope stamped "NI Certification," DO NOT ACCEPT this exam. Return it to the proctor immediately. You will be provided with a replacement exam.

Please do not detach the binding staple of any section. If any part of the exam paper is

missing or detached when returned to National Instruments, you will be deemed to have failed the exam.

Please do not ask the proctor for help. If you believe the intent of a question is not clear, you may note that question, and your reasons for choosing the answer you believe best fits the question.

This examination may not be taken from the examination area or reproduced in any way.

You may not keep any portion of this exam after you have completed it.

Exam Details:

Time allocated: 1 hour Type of exam items: Multiple choice Number of exam items: 40 questions Passing Grade: 70%

IMPORTANT: When you have completed this exam, place it in the provided envelope with you answer sheet and SEAL the envelope. Give the sealed envelope to your proctor.

CLAD Sample Exam

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Answer Sheet: To quickly check your answers against the solutions on the Solutions Page, record your answers on this Answers Sheet. Detach this page and record your answers as you go along This page is not included in the actual CLAD exam; it is included here for practice purposes only. The Solutions Page is at the end of the Sample Exam. 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____ 11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____ 16. _____ 17. _____ 18. _____ 19. _____ 20. _____ 21. _____ 22. _____ 23. _____ 24. _____ 25. _____ 26. _____ 27. _____ 28. _____ 29. _____ 30. _____ 31. _____ 32. _____ 33. _____ 34. _____ 35. _____ 36. _____ 37. _____ 38. _____ 39. _____ 40. _____

CLAD Sample Exam

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Sample Exam Items: 1. How do you document a VI so that the description appears in the Show Context Help

popup window? a. Use the VI Properties Documentation window b. Type in the Show Context Help window c. Create a free label on the front panel d. Edit the LabVIEW help files

2. Can a wire be used to pass data between loops that are intended to run in parallel? a. Yes b. No

3. Which of the following describes a Tab Control?

a. A control that outputs ASCII values equal to the selected tab label b. A type of enumerated control c. A control that outputs a cluster of the controls / indicators on the tabs d. A controls that outputs the tab order of the controls on the front panel

4. What is an advantage of using a Strictly Typed VI refnum? a. The data types of the target VI are known at compile time b. The data types passed to the VI can change programmatically c. You can flatten the data to a string to improve code performance d. Causes dynamically loaded VIs to be loaded at the start of execution

5. A coercion dot indicates that:

a. The data types are consistent b. A polymorphic operation will be performed on the data c. A data buffer is created to handle data conversion d. Data values are being coerced because they are out of range

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6. Which of the following statements is true about the following block diagram?

a. The loop will execute once and the iteration terminal, , will output a value

of one b. The loop will execute once and the iteration terminal, , will output a value

of zero c. The loop will execute infinitely and the program will have to be aborted d. The loop will not execute and the iteration terminal, , will return a null

value

7. Which of the following cannot be used to transfer data? a. Semaphores b. Queues c. Notifiers d. Local variables

8. Which of the following terminals controls how many times a For loop executes? a. b. c. d.

9. You have a control on the front panel of a VI and you need to modify one of its properties at run time. Which of the following is the best approach you would take?

a. Create an implicit property node and select the property to modify b. Create a control reference, pass the reference to a property node and select the

property to modify c. Create a linked shared variable and select the property to modify the property d. Create a local variable and select the property to modify

10. Formula nodes accept which of the following operations? a. Basic programming language instructions Input and Print b. Embedding of SubVIs within the Formula Node c. Pre and post increment (++) and decrement (--) as in the C language d. The use of nested Formula Node structures

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11. Which of the following is the best method to update an indicator on the front panel? a. Use a Value property node b. Wire directly to the indicator terminal c. Use a local variable d. Use a functional global variable

12. Which of the following functions assembles Cluster elements by their owned labels? a. Unbundle by Name b. Unbundle c. Bundle by Name d. Bundle

13. What is the output of the Build Array function in the following block diagram when

Concatenate Inputs is selected?

a. 1-D Array of {1, -4, 3, 7, -2, 6} b. 1-D Array of {1, 7, -4, -2, 3, 6} c. 2-D Array of {{1, -4, 3, 0}, {7, -2, 6}} d. 2-D Array of {{1, -4, 3}, {7, -2, 6}}

14. What is the output of the Initialize Array function after the following code has executed?

a. 1-D Array of {3, 3, 3, 3} b. 1-D Array of {4, 4, 4} c. 1-D Array of {3, 4} d. 1-D Array of {4, 3}

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15. What is one disadvantage of using the State Machine VI architecture? a. A State Machine can only traverse states in order b. If two state changes occur at the same time, only the first state change will be

handled and the second will be lost c. The diagram becomes significantly larger when changing from a general

architecture to a State Machine d. State Machines cannot acquire data or use DAQ functions

16. What is the best method to stop a While loop on an error condition?

a. Compare the Status boolean of an error cluster with a constant and wire it to the Stop terminal

b. Connect the error wire directly to the Stop terminal c. Create an Event structure to handle the error event d. Use the Error Handler VI to automatically handle the error

17. What mechanical action of a Boolean would you use to mimic a button on a Windows dialog?

a. Switch Until Released b. Switch When Released c. Latch Until Released d. Latch When Released

18. Which combination of words correctly completes the following statement?

Unlike __________, which display an entire waveform that overwrites the data already stored, ___________ update periodically and maintain a history of the data previously stored. a. Graphs; Charts b. Charts; Plots c. Plots; Graphs d. Charts; Graphs

19. In what instance would you use the Probe tool rather than Highlight Execution?

a. To see the flow of data b. To see the value of a wire in real-time c. To look into a SubVI, as the process is running d. To slowdown the VI and show data values in wires

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20. You customize a control, select Control from the Type Def. Status pull-down menu, and save the control as a .ctl file. You then use an instance of the custom control on your front panel window. If you open the .ctl file and modify the control, does the control on the front panel window change?

a. Yes b. No

21. You develop a SubVI that only outputs a value and need to use this SubVI in a

(calling) VI. Which of the following is the best way to enforce dataflow to control the execution of the SubVI?

a. Use the SubVI in a Sequence structure b. Modify the SubVI to have dummy inputs that can be used from the calling VI c. Modify the SubVI to have Error clusters that can be used from the calling VI d. Modify the SubVI to have a global variable and use it from the calling VI

22. What is the value in Shift Register Answer after the following code has executed?

a. 16 b. 24 c. 32 d. 10

23. Which Chart update mode should be used to draw new data from left to right, then

clear the chart and draw new data again from left to right? a. Strip Chart b. Scope Chart c. Sweep Chart d. Step Chart

24. Which of the following illustrates an advantage of a global variable over a local

variable? a. A global variable can pass data between two independent VIs running

simultaneously b. Only the global variable can pass array data, local variables cannot c. Global variables follow the dataflow model, and therefore cannot cause race

conditions d. Global variables do not require owned labels to operate

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25. Which timing function (VI) is the best choice for timing control logic in applications that run for extended periods of time?

a.

b.

c.

d.

26. Under which of the following conditions does a For loop stop executing? a. When a false value is present at the conditional terminal and the conditional

terminal is b. When the value of the iteration terminal, , is one less than the value of the

count terminal, c. When the value of the iteration terminal, , is one more than the value of the

count terminal, d. None of the above

27. You are inputting data that represents a circle. The circle data includes an x position, a y position, and a radius. All three pieces of data are double-precision. In the future, you might need to store the color of the circle, represented as an integer. How should you represent the circle on your front panel window?

a. T hree separate controls for the two positions and the radius. b. A cluster containing all of the data. c. A type definition containing a cluster. d. A n array with three elements.

28. Which of the following will cause an event to be captured by the LabVIEW Event

Structure? a. Changing a value on a Front Panel control via a mouse click b. Update of a Front Panel control using a property node c. Programmatic update of a Front Panel control via a control reference d. Using VI Server to update a Front Panel control

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29. Which of the following does not conform to data flow programming paradigm?

a. Shift Registers b. Tunnels c. SubVIs d. Local Variables

30. Y ou must store data that other engineers must analyze with Microsoft E xcel. Which

file storage format should you use? a. T ab-delimited A SCI I b. Custom binary format c. T DM d. Datalog

31. What is the result of the following Array addition?

a. 1-D Array of {80, 20, 40, 10, -60} b. 1-D Array of {120, 30, -60} c. 1-D Array of {120, 30} d. 2-D Array of {{120, 90, 20}, {60, 30, -40}}

32. Which of the following statements is false?

a. A SubVI connector pane defines where to wire inputs and outputs b. The color of a SubVI connector pane terminal matches the data type it is

connected to c. You must have an icon/connector to use a SubVI d. A SubVI icon can be edited from the functions palette

33. The most efficient method for creating an array is: a. Using a For loop with Auto-indexing b. Placing a build array function in a While loop c. Initializing an array and then replacing elements in a While loop d. Using a While loop with Auto-Indexing

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34. The following block diagram represents which common type of VI architecture?

.

a. Multiple Case Structure VI b. General VI c. State Machine VI d. Parallel Loop VI

35. Which of the following statements is true about the iteration terminal a. It returns the number of times the loop has executed b. It returns the number of times the loop has executed, plus one c. It returns the number of times the loop has executed, minus one d. It returns a constant number

36. For implementing state diagrams that allow future application scalability, the best

choice for a base structure is? a. Sequence structure b. Case structure c. Formula node d. Object-Oriented structure

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37. Which of the following Block Diagrams could produce this result in Waveform Graph?

a.

b.

c.

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d.

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More than one answer may be correct for these questions. Circle ALL of the correct answers. 38. If an input name on the Show Context Help window is in bold for a SubVI, which of

the following conditions are true? a. Input values must be scalar. b. An input is recommended, but not required. c. An input is required. d. A broken run arrow will result unless the input is wired.

39. Which of the following apply to Property Nodes? a. Property Nodes allow attributes of front panel objects to be programmatically

manipulated. b. Property Nodes can be used to update the values contained in a front panel

object. c. More than one Property Node can be used for a single front panel object. d. Property Nodes contained in a SubVI will always cause the front panel to be

loaded in memory.

40. Which VI memory components are ALWAYS resident for a SubVI? a. Data Space b. Front Panel c. Block Diagram d. Code

CLAD Sample Exam

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Solutions Page: Below are the answers and links to additional resources for the CLAD Sample Exam. To quickly check your answers, record them on the Answer Sheet, detach the Answer Sheet, and compare it, side-by side, with the Solutions Page. This answer page is not included in the actual CLAD exam; it is included here for practice purposes only. Question Answer Resources on Topic 1 A Developing User Documentation 2 B Parallel FOR Loops 3 B Creating Tab Controls 4 A Control References: Overview 5 C How Does LabVIEW Round and Coerce Values? 6 C Tutorial: For Loops and While Loops 7 A Application Design Patterns: Master/Slave 8 D Tutorial: For Loops and While Loops 9 A Control References: Overview 10 C Formula Node Syntax 11 B Tutorial: Front Panel 12 C Tutorial: Arrays and Clusters 13 A How to Concatenate Multiple Arrays in LabVIEW 14 A Tutorial: Arrays and Clusters 15 B Application Design Patterns: State Machines 16 B Tutorial: For Loops and While Loops 17 D Mechanical Action of Buttons 18 A What Is the Difference Between Graphs and Charts in LabVIEW? 19 B Tutorial: Debugging Tips and Tricks 20 B Creating Custom Controls, Indicators, and Type Definitions 21 C Tutorial and Video: Dataflow, SubVI, and Parallelism in NI LabVIEW 22 C Tutorial: Timing, Shift Registers, and Case Structures 23 B Chart Update Modes in LabVIEW and Measurement Studio 24 A Are LabVIEW global variables good or bad, and when is it OK to use them? 25 C Timing VIs and Functions 26 B Tutorial: For Loops and While Loops 27 C Creating Custom Controls, Indicators, and Type Definitions, Tutorial: Arrays

and Clusters 28 A Event-Driven Programming in LabVIEW 29 D Tutorial: Local Variable, Global Variable, and Race Conditions 30 A Appending Data to an Excel Spreadsheet Using Write to Spreadsheet File.vi

Does Not Update the File. 31 C Tutorial: Arrays and Clusters 32 D Tutorial and Video: Dataflow, SubVI, and Parallelism in NI LabVIEW 33 A Tutorial: Arrays and Clusters 34 C Application Design Patterns: State Machines 35 C Tutorial: For Loops and While Loops 36 B Tutorial: Timing, Shift Registers, and Case Structures

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37 A Array Functions, For Loop and While Loop Structures 38 C,D Tutorial and Video: Dataflow, SubVI, and Parallelism in NI LabVIEW 39 A,B,C,D Property Node 40 A,D Tutorial and Video: Dataflow, SubVI, and Parallelism in NI LabVIEW

Certified LabVIEW Associate Developer Sample Exam 1

Test Booklet

Note: The use of the computer or any reference materials is NOT allowed during the exam.

Instructions:

Please do not detach the binding staple of any section. If any part of the exam paper is missing or detached when returned to National Instruments, you will be deemed to have failed the

exam.

Please follow the instructions on the Answer Sheet. If you fill in your Candidate ID incorrectly, your test will be invalidated.

Indicate ALL answers on the Answer Sheet. Answers recorded in this test booklet will NOT be evaluated.

Please do not ask the proctor for help answering questions.

This examination may not be taken from the examination area or reproduced in any way. You may not keep any portion of this exam after you have completed it.

Exam Details:

Time allocated: 1 hour

Type of exam items: Multiple choice

Number of exam items: 40 questions

Passing Grade: 70%

IMPORTANT: When you have completed this exam, place it in the provided envelope with you

answer sheet and SEAL the envelope. Give the sealed envelope to your proctor.

Answer Sheet:

To quickly check your answers against the solutions in the Solutions Section, record your answers on this Answers Sheet.

Detach this page and record your answers as you go along. This page is not included in the actual CLAD exam; it is

included here for practice purposes only. The Solutions Section is at the end of the Sample Exam.

1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____ 11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____ 16. _____ 17. _____ 18. _____ 19. _____ 20. _____ 21. _____ 22. _____ 23. _____ 24. _____ 25. _____ 26. _____ 27. _____ 28. _____ 29. _____ 30. _____ 31. _____ 32. _____ 33. _____ 34. _____ 35. _____ 36. _____ 37. _____ 38. _____ 39. _____ 40. _____

Q1: You must include the option to cancel when a user attempts to interactively close the front panel by selecting File>>Close. Which Event case allows this functionality? A

B

C

D

Q2: You must generate code that responds to multiple value change events using a Boolean control while maintaining a latching mechanical action. Which programming step is NOT required? A Including or reading the Boolean control terminal in a loop B Including the Event Structure within a loop C Configuring a Timeout case within the Event Structure D Configuring a Value Change event case for the Boolean control Q3: What value is displayed in the Value Out indicator after the VI completes execution?

A 0 B 4 C 5 D 6 Q4: How many errors does LabVIEW display at the end of execution?

A No Errors B One Error C Two Errors D Three Errors

Q5: You have been asked to write a VI called CLAD505 that will generate a path to test.txt. This txt file is in a folder called CLAD505_Support, and the folder is next to your VI. The VI must run on multiple platforms (Windows, Linux, etc.). Which diagram best illustrates how you should write the VI?

A

B

C

D

Q6: Which of the following statements is TRUE about the following code segment?

A The loop will execute once and the indicator Iteration will have a value of one B The loop will execute once and the indicator Iteration will have a value of zero C The loop will execute continuously and the program will have to be aborted D The loop will not execute and the indicator Iteration will have a value of zero Q7: Why is a shift register used for the file refnum input on the For Loop?

A If the Values to Write to File array is empty, the For Loop will run zero times, but the refnum

value will be passed through to the shift register output B The Write to Text File function modifies the value of the refnum on each For Loop iteration C It is the only way to prevent the For Loop from building an array at the refnum output terminal D No reason. A regular tunnel would provide identical functionality to the shift register

Q8: The following SubVI is loaded into memory and then run. At some later time it is still in memory and is run a second time. What is the value is displayed in the Sum indicator when the SubVI completes execution the second time it is run?

A 5 B 10 C There is no way to know D 0 Q9: Which of the following is FALSE about File I/O using binary or TDMS file formats? A Binary files can accept any LabVIEW data type B TDMS can accept any LabVIEW data type C TDMS is generally faster in writing than binary D Binary file I/O can be used by all versions of LabVIEW Q10: How does a producer consumer design pattern process excessive amounts of data? A Using a single element queue the Producer Consumer processes only current data. B Using a queue for storage the Consumer loop processes all data when it has time. C The Producer loop will slow its cycle time to allow the consumer loop to catch up. D The consumer loop will increase its processing time to match the producer loop. Q11: Unlike graphs, which display an entire waveform that ________ the data already displayed, charts update periodically and __________ the data previously displayed. A Maintains a history of; overwrite B Overwrites; maintain a history of C Appends to; overwrite D None of the above

Q12: What value is displayed in the Result indicator after the VI completes execution?

A 3 B 2 C 1 D 0

Q13: After the VI starts running, the user clicks the "Event1" button twice. The event structure has no other event cases. What will be displayed in the "Time 1" indicator when the VI stops executing?

A 0 B 1 C 2 D Undetermined

Q14: You have written a LabVIEW VI with three parallel code paths. All three error cluster wires are wired into a Merge Errors function. What error is reported to the user?

A Error 1014, because Merge Errors outputs the first error to occur chronologically B Error 7, because Merge Errors outputs the first error wired in to it from the top down C Error 1, because Merge Errors outputs the most significant error of the errors wired in to it D All three errors are reported, because Merge Errors concatenates the errors into a single error

message to display to the user Q15: Which timing function can result in logic errors when it rolls over to zero? A

B

C

D

Q16: You select "Create SubVI" from LabVIEW's Edit menu with the code below selected. What will the resulting block diagram look like?

A

B

C

D

Q17: What value will be displayed in the subarray indicator after the following code has executed?

A

B

C

D

Q18: Which of the following statements is NOT valid? A You can make a Cluster of Clusters B You can make an Array of Arrays C You can make a Cluster of Arrays D You can make an Array of Clusters Q19: Which of the following cannot be used to transfer data between two parallel loops? A Wires B Queues C Notifiers D Local variables

Q20: The time out input terminal of the Dequeue Element function is wired with the value 1. While the VI is running, how long does this Dequeue Element function wait to receive data?

A 1 millisecond B 1 second C Indefinitely D It does not wait. It returns immediately Q21: What does this function do?

A Transfers the queue reference to other callers B Sorts all queue elements in order and returns them as an array C Clears all elements from the queue D Removes one reference to the queue and returns any remaining elements Q22: When a VI is paused, clicking on the _________ button allows you to bypass a node in the Block Diagram without single-stepping through the node. A Step Into B Step Over C Step Out D Step Through Q23: Which is a native debugging feature in LabVIEW? A Step Back B Step Over C Step Around D Step Above

Q24: Which data type is not accepted by the case selector terminal on a case structure? A Arrays B Enumerated type values C Strings D Integers Q25: Which statement about sequence structures is FALSE? A Sequence structures support parallel operations within frames. B Terminating the execution of a sequence structure before the entire sequence is completed is

not possible without aborting. C Sequence structures execute frames in a sequential order. D Sequence structures stop when an error is detected. Q26: Which equation is equivalent to the code?

A

B

C

D

Q27: When clicking a broken run arrow, the Error list window shows all of the following EXCEPT: A Items with errors B Errors and warnings C Details about the warnings D Error Codes

Q28: How do you document a VI so that the description appears in the Show Context Help popup window? A Use the VI Properties Documentation window B Type in the Show Context Help window C Create a free label on the front panel D Edit the LabVIEW help files Q29: What is the output of the Initialize Array function after the following code has completed execution?

A

B

C

D

Q30: How many bytes does LabVIEW write to the file when the code executes?

A 5 Bytes B 6 Bytes C 12 Bytes D 14 Bytes Q31: The value in Control a is 2 and in Control b is 128. What value does the Result indicator display after the VI executes?

A -128 B 0 C 255 D 256

Q32: A SubVI is created by selecting the code from a block diagram. How many terminals will the SubVI have?

A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 Q33: What is the red dot called?

A Coercion Dot B Data truncation Dot C Data typecast Dot D Buffer allocation Dot

Q34: What do coercion dots indicate? A Incompatible data types B A mathematical operation will be performed on the data C The input data will be copied and converted to a different data type D The location where an error will occur Q35: What settings should be selected for a custom control so that all copies of the control are of the same data type yet have the flexibility to use different colors and styles? A Control B Type Def. C Strict Type Def. D Flex Def. Q36: In a Simple State Machine design pattern, which of the following stores the state information? A Shift Register B Queue C Notifier D Functional global variable

Q37: You are required to use the Get Date/Time in Seconds function for timing in a state machine. The state machine has an acquire state and must acquire for 5 seconds. If the hardware fails during acquisition the state machine must be able to transition to the stop state. Which of the following design patterns will provide timing for a state machine and allow responsiveness to acquire state requirements? A

B

C

D

Q38: Which of the following apply to Property Nodes? Property Nodes: A allow attributes of files on disk to be programmatically manipulated B can be used to update the value of a front panel control or indicator C return an error if you attempt to read a property before it has been written D can be used to invoke methods on a control

Q39: You have a front panel control on a top-level VI that you must manipulate from within a SubVI. Which of the following could you pass to the SubVI to accomplish this? A The control's properties B The control's methods C The control's reference D The control's data type Q40: Which Property Node can change the text color attributes of ANY digital numeric control used on the panel of a VI? A

B

C

D

Q41: Solutions Page: Below are the answers and explanations for the CLAD Sample Exam. To quickly check your answers, record them on the Answer Sheet, detach the Answer Sheet, and compare it, side-by side, with the Solutions Page. This Solutions Page is not included in the actual CLAD exam; it is included here for practice purposes only. 1. Correct Answer: C Topic: Event Structures Justification: It is the only case with a filter event that applies to the Panel Close event. Since no Boolean is wired into the Filter Event terminal, LabVIEW opens a dialogue box to collect the value of the Boolean input. 2. Correct Answer: C Topic: Event Structures Justification: The requirements have no timeout action specified. Answer C is best practice, but is not required to accomplish the stated goal. 3. Correct Answer: C Topic: Loops Justification: An empty array is wired to the For Loop using an auto-indexing tunnel. This causes the For Loop to iterate once for every element in the array, which, in this case, is zero. However, the value 5 is written to the shift register before loop execution, and since the loop iterates zero times, the same value of 5 is present at the output shift register. 4. Correct Answer: B Topic: Error Handling Justification: The Merge Errors VI only passes on the first error encountered, counting from the top node down. 5. Correct Answer: D Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: A and B are wrong because they do not strip the current VI filename from the path. C would work on Windows, but not other platforms, due to the different path separator. D is the only answer that correctly generates the path *and* will work on multiple platforms, since path separators in the path data type are automatically converted on different platforms. 6. Correct Answer: C Topic: Loops Justification: The While Loop has a FALSE Boolean wired to its conditional terminal, which is set to Stop if TRUE. Thus, there is no condition that causes this While Loop to stop. So, the While Loop could run infinitely and the VI must be aborted. 7. Correct Answer: A Topic: Loops Justification: For Loops can run zero times, and using a shift register is the recommended way to preserve pass-through data in this scenario. 8. Correct Answer: B Topic: Data communication and synchronization Justification: The shift register value will be 5 on the second call. 5 + 5 = 10. 9. Correct Answer: B Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: TDMS read/write is limited to a specific subset of LabVIEW data types. For example, it cannot read or write multidimensional arrays or arrays of timestamps. See the LabVIEW help for details.

10. Correct Answer: B Topic: Design Patterns Justification: Textbook use of queue in Producer Consumer. 11. Correct Answer: B Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: Answer B is the difference between charts and graphs. 12. Correct Answer: B Topic: Loops Justification: In three loops only zeros will pass from the register, but the iteration will count 0, then 1 & then 2. Therefore the output from the addition function will be 0+2=2. 13. Correct Answer: B Topic: Event Structures. Justification: The events queue up, so if it were not for the TRUE wired to the loop condition, the answer would be 2. However, the loop ends before we can process the second event that is still in the queue. 14. Correct Answer: B Topic: Error Handling JUSTIFICATION: Merge Errors outputs the first error it finds in the errors clusters wired into it in a top-down fashion. Error 7 is wired into the top input, so it is the error outputted by Merge Errors. 15. Correct Answer: B Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: The Tick Count (ms) is the only timer that rolls over to 0. 16. Correct Answer: B Topic: SubVI Creation Justification: Input Numeric and Input Array are constants, so they are internal to the SubVI and do not have input terminals. 17. Correct Answer: C Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: The Array Subset function takes an input array and returns a section of that array as specified, starting at the given index and continuing for a number of elements equal to length. Here, the index value 3 specifies the fourth element of the array, or 10. Since the specified length is value 4, an array of length 4 is returned as follows: {10, 8, 5, 7}. 18. Correct Answer: B Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: LabVIEW will not allow creation of an array of arrays -- There is no need to make an array of arrays since you can simply add dimensions to an existing array. 19. Correct Answer: A Topic: Data Synchronization and Communication Justification: Queues, notifiers, and local variables are all designed to transfer data. Wires can not pass data between parallel loops. 20. Correct Answer: A Topic: Data Communication and Synchronization Justification: The time out input terminal of the Dequeue Element function is in milliseconds, so with an input of 1, the Dequeue Element function will wait 1 millisecond to receive data. 21. Correct Answer: D Topic: Data communication and synchronization

Justification: One reference is removed from memory, and the remaining elements are returned. It can be used to destroy the queue, but this is not an option in the question. 22. Correct Answer: B Topic: Debugging tools Justification: Clicking the Step Into button causes LabVIEW to open up the node or subVI. The Step Out button is used to return from a subVI to a main VI while single-stepping. There is no Step Through button. Step Over provides the functionality stated by the question, therefore this is the correct answer. 23. Correct Answer: B Topic: Debugging tools Justification: Stepping back, around,or above are not single step actions, stepping Over is the only correct choice. 24. Correct Answer: A Topic: Case Structures Justification: Arrays are not accepted by the case selector terminal because the case selector terminal requires a scalar value. 25. Correct Answer: D Topic: Sequence Structures Justification: Sequence Structures have no error terminals. 26. Correct Answer: A Topic: LabVIEW Programming Principles Justification: Because LabVIEW is a Dataflow language, we can trace the flow of data in the block diagram to see which operations execute first, second, and so forth. 27. Correct Answer: D Topic: LabVIEW Environment Justification: You must either look at an output error cluster or an error dialog to find the error code. 28. Correct Answer: A Topic: LabView Environment Justification: The documentation window in VI Properties is the only place to edit the information about the VI that appears in Context Help. 29. Correct Answer: A Topic: Data Types Justification: The "element" input terminal contains the value each element of the initialized array will contain, and the "dimension size" input terminal dictates the size of each dimension of the initialized array. Since there is only one dimension size input terminal, the array will be only 1 dimensional. The array elements will be initialized to the value of the element. 30. Correct Answer: D Topic: Data Types Justification: LabVIEW represents arrays as a list of bytes containing a header and array data. The header contains a 4-byte integer for each dimension that specifies the length of that dimension. Following the header is the actual array data. In the question, the array has two dimensions. There are 4 bytes in the header for each dimension for a total of 8 bytes in the header. Since the array is composed of six 8-bit, or 1-byte integers, there is a total of 6 bytes of actual array data. This makes a total of 14 bytes being written to file.

31. Correct Answer: B Topic: Data Types Justification: The integers shown are unsigned 8-bit integers. The range for 8-bit integers is 0-255. The product of 2 times 128 is 256. As 256 is a number larger than the allowable 255, thus 256 wraps to 0. 32. Correct Answer: C Topic: SubVI Creation Justification: The subVI will have Error In/Out terminals as well as the three controls, for a total of 5 terminals. 33. Correct Answer: A Topic: Data Types Justification: Definition of Coercion Dot 34. Correct Answer: C Topic: Data Types Justification: Definition of Coercion Dots 35. Correct Answer: B Topic: Data Types Justification: Definition of Type Def 36. Correct Answer: A Topic: Design Patterns Justification: Definition of Shift Register 37. Correct Answer: A Topic: Design Patterns Justification: A is the only case that checks the data and leaves the timing state, and has persistent start time (stored in the shift register) 38. Correct Answer: B Topic: VI Server Justification: Deffinition of a property node. 39. Correct Answer: C Topic: VI Server Justification: The only answer option that can be passed from calling VI to subVI is the control reference. The reference can then be used with Property Nodes and Invoke Nodes to call properties and methods, respectively. The data type is a property of the control. 40. Correct Answer: B Topic: VI Server Justification: Strict property nodes require precise knowledge of the numeric representation. Since the question asks for the means to change the text color of any control, a strict Property Node does not suffice. An implicit Property Node (C), can only be used locally. Answer D shows a property that is not even relevant to the question. Thus, option B is the best answer.

CLAD Sample Exam

Certified LabVIEW Associate Developer Exam

Test Booklet

Instructions: If you did not receive this exam in a sealed envelope stamped "NI Certification," DO NOT ACCEPT this exam. Return it to the proctor immediately. You will be provided with a replacement exam.

Please do not detach the binding staple of any section. If any part of the exam paper is missing or detached when returned to National Instruments, you will be deemed to have failed the exam. Please do not ask the proctor for help. If you believe the intent of a question is not clear, you may note that question, and your reasons for choosing the answer you believe best fits the question. This examination may not be taken from the examination area or reproduced in any way. You may not keep any portion of this exam after you have completed it.

Exam Details:

Time allocated: 1 hour Type of exam items: Multiple choice Number of exam items: 40 questions Passing Grade: 70%

IMPORTANT: When you have completed this exam, place it in the provided envelope with you answer sheet and SEAL the envelope. Give the sealed envelope to your proctor.

CLAD Sample Exam

Answer Sheet: To quickly check your answers against the solutions on the Solutions Page, record your answers on this Answers Sheet. Detach this page and record your answers as you go along This page is not included in the actual CLAD exam; it is included here for practice purposes only. The Solutions Page is at the end of the Sample Exam. 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____ 11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____ 16. _____ 17. _____ 18. _____ 19. _____ 20. _____ 21. _____ 22. _____ 23. _____ 24. _____ 25. _____ 26. _____ 27. _____ 28. _____ 29. _____ 30. _____ 31. _____ 32. _____ 33. _____ 34. _____ 35. _____ 36. _____ 37. _____ 38. _____ 39. _____ 40. _____

CLAD Sample Exam

Sample Exam Items:

1. In what instance would you use the Probe tool rather than Highlight Execution? a. To see the flow of data b. To see the value of a wire in real time c. To look into a SubVI, as the process is running d. To slowdown the VI to show values in wires

2. Which of the following statements regarding Array constants are NOT true:

a. When you create an Array constant on the block diagram, it is not visible on the Front Panel.

b. You cannot resize an Array constant to include more than one element. c. You can copy or drag an existing Array on the Front Panel to the Block Diagram

to create a constant of the same data type. d. All array operations can be performed on an Array constant

3. In the figure below, what will Result equal when this calculation is executed?

a. 55 b. 70 c. 65 d. Indeterminate

4. The function of a Cluster is to:

a. Allow grouping of mixed data types into logical structures. b. Present data on the Front Panel using charts or graphs. c. Provide a means of differentiating between data types on the Block Diagram. d. Separate data objects by data type on the Front Panel.

5. Can Probes be attached to objects on the Front Panel:

a. Yes. b. No.

CLAD Sample Exam

6. What is the result in Array after the following code has executed?

a. A 1-D array of {1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0} b. A1-D array of {1, 8, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 2} c. A 1-D array of {1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 6, 2} d. A 1-D array of {1, 8, 0, 1, 2, 2, 9}

7. What is the result in new string after the following code has executed?

a. Hello to you! b. Hello Wto you! c. Hello to you!! d. Helloto you!

8. Which of the following display options are available for strings on the Front Panel?

a. \ Codes b. Password c. Hex d. All of the above

CLAD Sample Exam

9. What is the result in subarray after the following code has executed?

a. A 1-D Array of {8, 5, 7} b. A 1-D Array of {10, 8, 5} c. A 1-D Array of {10, 8, 5, 7} d. A 1-D Array of {7, 10, 8, 5}

10. In the figure below, the output of Array Size is

a. a 1-D Array of {2, 3} b. a 1-D Array of {3, 2} c. 2 d. None of the above

11. What is the result of the following Array subtraction?

a. A 1-D Array of {-25, 25, 50} b. A 1-D Array of {-25, 25} c. A 2-D Array of {{-25, -50, -50} , {50, 25, 25}} d. A 1-D Array of {75, -50, 25}

CLAD Sample Exam

12. Which of the following allows you to plot any set of points, evenly distributed or not? a. Waveform Graph b. Waveform Chart c. XY Graph d. Both A. and C.

13. Which of the following produces this XY Graph?

a. A

b. B

CLAD Sample Exam

c. C

d. D

14. Which of the graphs below matches the output in the Waveform Graph indicator after the following code has executed?

CLAD Sample Exam

a. A

b. B

c. C

CLAD Sample Exam

d. D

15. The Wait function can be added to While Loops: a. To free up available memory. b. To allocate memory used by the CPU. c. To allow the processor time to complete other tasks. d. To reserve which processor the code is running on.

16. Which of the following methods is NOT a method to create a 1-D Array: a. Place an Array Shell on the Front Panel and drag a Control into the shell. b. Use a While Loop with auto-indexing disabled. c. Use a For Loop with auto-indexing enabled. d. Use the Initialize Array function.

17. Which of the following statements is true regarding the execution of the following

code?

CLAD Sample Exam

a. The loop will iterate 51 times. b. The loop will iterate 50 times. c. The loop will iterate 49 times. d. A For Loop that has a 50 wired to the count terminal will perform the same

operation.

18. Which of the following accurately describes the output that results from execution of the following loop?

a. The last three values from the DAQ Assistant will be displayed. b. A running average of all measurements will be displayed. c. An average of the last four measurements will be displayed. d. None of the above

19. Which of the following statements is NOT valid:

a. You can make a Cluster of Clusters. b. You can make an Array of Arrays. c. You can make a Cluster of Arrays. d. You can make an Array of Clusters.

20. Which of the following statements is true? a. The default setting for a tunnel into or out of a For Loop has auto-indexing

enabled if the data being passed is an array. b. The default setting for a tunnel into or out of a While Loop has auto-indexing

disabled if the data being passed is an array. c. Both A. and B. are true d. None of the above

CLAD Sample Exam

21. Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of Coercion Dots?

a. Coercion Dots improve program performance. b. Coercion Dots represent a conversion from one data type to another. c. Coercion Dots increases memory usage d. Both A. and B. e. Both B. and C.

22. Which of the following graphs matches the result in Comparison Values after the

following code has executed?

a. A

CLAD Sample Exam

b. B

c. C

d. D

CLAD Sample Exam

23. Which combination of words correctly completes the following statement? Unlike __________, which display only the most recent array of values written to them, ___________ update periodically and maintain a history of the past data.

a. graphs; charts b. charts; plots c. plots; graphs d. charts; graphs

24. Which of the following will allow you to have multiple plots on a Waveform Graph?

a. Bundle two 1D arrays of X and Y data together for each plot. Then build an array of these clusters and wire it to the Waveform Graph indicator.

b. Build an n-dimensional array of data with each plot in a separate row (or column) in the array, then wire the array to the Waveform Graph indicator.

c. Bundle the elements of each waveform into a cluster and build an array of these clusters, then wire the array to the Waveform Graph indicator.

d. Both B. and C.

25. Which of the following is NOT a traditional debugging feature used to help find errors in a VI:

a. Highlight Execution. b. Single Stepping c. Breakpoints d. Stop Values

26. What VI is typically used to terminate an Error Cluster wire and to display any error

message? a. Merge Errors b. One Button Dialog/Two Button Dialog c. Generate Front Panel Activity d. Simple Error Handler

CLAD Sample Exam

27. The following figure is an example of which common type of VI architecture?

a. Multiple Case Structure VI b. General VI c. State Machine VI d. Parallel Loop VI

28. Clicking on the _________ button allows you to bypass a node in the Block Diagram without single-stepping through the node.

a. Step Into b. Step Over c. Step Out d. Step Through

29. Variants are used for all of the following but:

a. Passing values between programs written with different compilers b. Allowing software to achieve a greater degree of generality c. Representing any data type d. Converting from fixed point to floating point data

30. You can use all of the following data types as inputs to the case selector terminal except: a. Doubles b. Enumerated type values c. Strings d. Integers

CLAD Sample Exam

31. The Error list shows all of the following but: a. Items with errors b. Errors and warnings c. Details about the warnings d. Error Codes

32. The following breakpoint does which of the following:

a. Causes the VI to abort b. Causes the VI to pause c. Causes the VI to single step over the addition d. Causes the VI to single step over the indicator

33. Which of the following is NOT a component of an Error Cluster?

a. Status. b. Code. c. Source. d. VI name

34. What is the value in XOR Result after the following code has executed?

a. 0 b. 1 c. True d. False

35. Which of the following statements regarding the index of Arrays are NOT true:

a. The index is used to access a particular element of an Array. b. The index ranges from 1 to n. c. A 2-D Array has both a column index and a row index. d. The index ranges from 0 to n-1.

CLAD Sample Exam

36. Clusters provide a user with which of the following benefits? a. Clusters allow a logical grouping of related data elements. b. Clusters increase the number of Connector Pane terminals of SubVIs. c. Clusters help to reduce wire clutter on the Block Diagram. d. Both A. and C.

37. Which chart update mode plots new data from left to right, then clears the chart and plots the newer data ?

a. Strip Chart b. Scope Chart c. Sweep Chart d. Step Chart

38. Which of the following methods will create an XY Graph with two plots?

a. Create a single cluster from two arrays of X values and two arrays of Y values in an X,Y, X,Y pattern.

b. Bundle the X and Y array pairs together into two clusters and then create an array of these two clusters.

c. Bundle the X and Y array pairs together into two clusters and create a cluster of these two clusters.

d. Create a single array of each of the X arrays and Y arrays in an X,Y,X,Y pattern.

39. Which of the following terminals controls how many times a For Loop will execute? a. b. c. d.

40. What is the value in after substring upon completion of the following code?

CLAD Sample Exam

a. world! b. rld! c. h hello world! d.

CLAD Sample Exam

Answers Page: Below are the answers and links to additional resources for the CLAD Sample Exam. To quickly check your answers, record them on the Answer Sheet, detach the Answer Sheet, and compare it, side-by side, with the answer columns on this page.

This answer page is not included in the actual CLAD exam; it is included here for practice purposes only.

Question Answer Resources on Topic 1 B Debugging Tips and Tricks 2 B Arrays and Clusters 3 B Data Flow, Debugging, and SubVIs 4 A Arrays and Clusters 5 B Using the Probe Tool 6 C Arrays and Clusters , Feedback Node 7 A Replace SubString Function 8 D Configuring String Controls and Indicators 9 C Array Subset Function 10 A Array Size Function 11 B Arrays and Clusters 12 C Different Methods for Manipulating XY Graph 13 B XY Graph Express VI 14 D Video: Timing, Shift Registers, and Case Structures 15 C For Loops and While Loop Structures 16 B Arrays and Clusters 17 A Tutorial: For Loops and While Loops , Different Wiring Tunnels with For Loops

and While Loops in LabVIEW 18 C Average Last Five Values 19 B Exercise: Arrays and Clusters 20 C Module 3: Loops , Different Wiring Tunnels with For Loops and While Loops in

LabVIEW 21 E How Does LabVIEW Round and Coerce Values? 22 A Array Max & Min Function 23 A What Is the Difference Between Graphs and Charts in LabVIEW? 24 D Waveform Chart Does Not Show Multiple Plots in the Display 25 D Tutorial: Debugging Tips and Tricks 26 D Custom Error Handling In LabVIEW 27 C Application Design Patterns: State Machines 28 B Tutorial: Debugging Tips and Tricks 29 D Variant Data in LabVIEW -- Mastering a Higher-Level Way to Work with Data 30 A Tutorial: Timing, Shift Registers, and Case Structures 31 D Error List Window 32 B Managing Breakpoints 33 D Tutorial: Arrays and Clusters

CLAD Sample Exam

34 B Exclusive Or Function 35 B Tutorial: Arrays and Clusters 36 D Managing Large Datasets within LabVIEW 37 B Chart Update Modes in LabVIEW and Measurement Studio 38 B Tutorial: Arrays and Clusters 39 D Tutorial: For Loops and While Loops 40 B Match Pattern Function

Certified LabVIEW Associate Developer Sample Exam 2

Test Booklet

Note: The use of the computer or any reference materials is NOT allowed during the exam.

Instructions:

Please do not detach the binding staple of any section. If any part of the exam paper is missing or detached when returned to National Instruments, you will be deemed to have failed the

exam.

Please follow the instructions on the Answer Sheet. If you fill in your Candidate ID incorrectly, your test will be invalidated.

Indicate ALL answers on the Answer Sheet. Answers recorded in this test booklet will NOT be evaluated.

Please do not ask the proctor for help answering questions.

This examination may not be taken from the examination area or reproduced in any way. You may not keep any portion of this exam after you have completed it.

Exam Details:

Time allocated: 1 hour

Type of exam items: Multiple choice

Number of exam items: 40 questions

Passing Grade: 70%

IMPORTANT: When you have completed this exam, place it in the provided envelope with you

answer sheet and SEAL the envelope. Give the sealed envelope to your proctor.

Answer Sheet:

To quickly check your answers against the solutions in the Solutions Section, record your answers on this Answers Sheet.

Detach this page and record your answers as you go along. This page is not included in the actual CLAD exam; it is

included here for practice purposes only. The Solutions Section is at the end of the Sample Exam.

1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. _____ 11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____ 16. _____ 17. _____ 18. _____ 19. _____ 20. _____ 21. _____ 22. _____ 23. _____ 24. _____ 25. _____ 26. _____ 27. _____ 28. _____ 29. _____ 30. _____ 31. _____ 32. _____ 33. _____ 34. _____ 35. _____ 36. _____ 37. _____ 38. _____ 39. _____ 40. _____

Q1: Which of the following user interface events will allow your code to respond before LabVIEW performs the default action associated with that event? A Mouse Down B Panel Resize C Panel Close? D Value Change Q2: The Trigger control is configured with a switching mechanical action. The VI's requirement is to display a Count value that tracks the number of "value change" events, for changes to TRUE, that occur for the Trigger. Which of the code snippets meets that requirement when the VI is run? A

B

C

D

Q3: What is the value in the Result indicator after the VI completes execution?

A 16 B 24 C 32 D 10

Q4: Which of the following terminals cannot control how many times a For loop executes? A

B

C

D

Q5: Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the execution of the following code? The loop will iterate:

A 51 times B 50 times C 49 times D a random number of times

Q6: The VI is open and run twice without being closed or modified. What value is displayed in the Value Out indicator after the second execution of the VI?

A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 Q7: What value is displayed in the Numeric indicator after the VI executes?

A 0 B 4 C 5 D The While Loop iterates indefinitely

Q8: What value will be displayed in the Out indicator when this VI completes execution?

A Case0 B Case1 C Case2 D Case3

Q9: Which code snippet is functionally equivalent to this sequence structure?

A

B

C

D

Q10: The Wait function can be added to While Loops: A To free up available memory B To allocate memory used by the CPU C To allow the processor time to complete other tasks D To reserve which processor the code is running on Q11: While the VI executes, the user presses and then releases Boolean Control with Switch Until Released mechanical action. The starting value of Boolean Control is FALSE, What value is displayed in the Result indicator after execution?

A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3

Q12: What value is displayed in the X+Y indicator after the code completes execution?

A

B

C

D

Q13: Why does an error occur when the code executes?

A File path not wired to the input of the Open/Create/Replace File function B File opened with the incorrect access C File reference not closed D File data type is incorrect Q14: Which equation is equivalent to the code?

A

B

C

D

Q15: What value will be displayed in the Numeric indicator when the VI completes execution?

A 0 B 1 C 2 D 4 Q16: You are creating a SubVI by selecting a portion of code from an existing VI. The selection contains an implicitly linked property node and an implicitly linked invoke node for two different front panel controls. What new items are placed on the block diagram of the existing VI when the SubVI is created?

A Local variables are added for property and invoke nodes B Global variables are added for the property and invoke nodes C Control references are added for the property and invoke nodes D Control Terminals are added for the property and invoke nodes

Q17: What is the best choice for the case selector input for a Functional Global Variable design pattern? A

B

C

D

Q18: Which component is not required for a state machine? A Case Structure B While Loop C Enum D Shift Register

Q19: What is the name of this common design pattern?

A State Machine B Producer Consumer (data) C Producer Consumer (events) D Queued Message Handler

Q20: The VI begins execution with the value of Numeric as 1. At the end of the 3th loop iteration (i=2), the user changes the front panel control Numeric to value 4. What will be the final value of the front panel Numeric Indicator after the VI completes execution?

A 2 B 4 C 5 D 6

Q21: What value is displayed in the Output indicator when the fifth iteration (i=4) of Loop 2 completes?

A Element1 B Element2 C Element3 D Element1Element2Element3

Q22: What is the behavior when the code executes?

A Loop 1 and Loop 2 run simultaneously B Both loops run one time and stop C Loop 2 runs after Loop 1 stops D Loop 1 runs forever and Loop 2 never runs Q23: What does this function do?

A Buffers multiple notifications to be read by a Wait on Notification function B Sends a notification to be read by Wait on Notification functions C Enqueues notifications in the Notifier Queue D Sends a pause execution notification to a Wait on Notification function

Q24: What is the purpose of these block diagram toolbar buttons?

A To display the data flowing through wires as the VI runs B To step through the block diagram when execution is paused C To start or skip SubVIs D To run the VI in continuous or single run mode. Q25: When using single step debugging with a SubVI which of the following is not possible?

A Step Into ( ) while the execution flow is paused on the SubVI icon

B Step Out ( ) while the execution flow is paused on a node inside the block diagram of the SubVI.

C Finish VI ( ) while the execution flow is paused on the block diagram of the SubVI

D Finish Block Diagram ( ) while the execution flow is paused on a node inside the SubVI

Q26: What value will be displayed in the Output indicator when the VI completes execution?

A 5 B 7 C 12 D Indeterminant Q27: Which Mechanical Action changes a Boolean when the button is pressed and returns it to its default value after LabVIEW reads the value? A Latch when pressed B Switch when released C Switch until released D Latch when released

Q28: Which of the following statements is TRUE about Numeric Array?

A It is an indicator B It contains exactly 10 elements C It contains exactly 12 elements D It contains exactly 8 elements Q29: Which of the following statements is true?

A The output of the divide function will be a U64 B The output of the divide function will be a U32 C The output of the divide function will be a SGL D A VI containing this diagram will have a broken run arrow Q30: What are the datatype and value at the output terminal of the Round Toward +Infinity function after the VI completes execution?

A I32 with value -4 B I32 with value -3 C DBL with value -4 D DBL with value -3

Q31: The "start index (0)" input terminal of Search 1D Array is unwired. What value is displayed in the index of element indicator after this code runs?

A 0 B 2 C 3 D 4

Q32: Which block diagram produces the result in the Waveform Graph?

A

B

C

D

Q33: What will be the value of the concatenated string indicator after the VI completes execution?

A

B

C

D

Q34: The VI begins execution with the values of X = 127 and Y = 1. What value will be displayed in the X+Y indicator after the VI completes execution?

A 0 B 128 C -128 D -127

Q35: What string is displayed in the Result indicator after the VI completes execution?

A 123 B 0123 C 1.00 2.00 3.00 D 0.001.002.003.00 Q36: What VI or function is typically used to display an error dialogue? A Merge Errors function B One Button Dialog function C Generate Front Panel Activity function D Simple Error Handler.vi

Q37: A VI takes an input error cluster. If the cluster contains an error or a warning with code = 1 or code = 2, the VI should clear the error or warning. Which diagram implements this functionality?

A

B

C

D

Q38: The following VI has two parallel While Loops, and runs for 11 ms. What color is the Stop Boolean when the VI completes execution?

A Blue B Green C Both colors will be present D Indeterminate Q39: Which do you use to initialize all front panel objects to their default values? A Application Reference B Invoke Node C User interface event D User event Q40: What results from dragging a Numeric Control into a Control Refnum on the front panel?

A An error is returned if the control is not initialized B The Control takes on only generic properties C The Control Refnum changes into that control D The Control Refnum becomes strictly typed

Solutions Page: Below are the answers and explanations for the CLAD Sample Exam. To quickly check your answers, record them on the Answer Sheet, detach the Answer Sheet, and compare it, side-by side, with the Solutions Page. This Solutions Page is not included in the actual CLAD exam; it is included here for practice purposes only. 1. Correct Answer: C Topic: Event Structures Justification: LabVIEW help Filter events allow you to validate or change the event data before LabVIEW performs the default action associated with that event. 2. Correct Answer: C Topic: Event Structures Justification: The initialized register increments by one for each Trigger "value change" event when the Trigger new value is True and displays the new Count value after the event occurs. A counts every value change, not just true. B polls resulting in constant increments when the switch changes value to TRUE. D would count every value change if it had a shift register. 3. Correct Answer: A Topic: Loops Justification: The For Loop executes 4 times. Starting with the value of 1, the result of the previous iteration is multiplied by 2. Thus, the value in the indicator after 4 iterations is equivalent to 2x2x2x2, or 16. 4. Correct Answer: A Topic: Loops Justification: The iteration terminal is only a count of the iteration number and can not control how many loops occur. 5. Correct Answer: A Topic: Loops Justification: The iteration terminal in While Loops and For Loops always starts counting at zero. It returns 0 on the first iteration, 1 on the second iteration, etc. Since the While Loop is configured to stop when the output of the iteration terminal is greater than or equal to 50, we know that the iteration terminal must output a value of at least 50. The first time this happens is after 51 iterations. 6. Correct Answer: D Topic: Loops Justification: Uninitialized shift register retains value. 7. Correct Answer: C Topic: Loops Justification: Loop runs 1 time, use data flow to calculate the values. 8. Correct Answer: B Topic: Case Structures Justification: Dataflow and correct steps, track shift register and index to get answer. 9. Correct Answer: A Topic: Sequence Structures Justification: Dataflow and correct steps.

10. Correct Answer: C Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: The Wait (ms) function does nothing to release or allocate memory or specify processor core. All it does is cause the execution of a VI to pause for a short time to allow the processor time to complete other tasks. 11. Correct Answer: C Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: Since the mechanical action is set to Switch Until Released, two events are generated when a user clicks and releases. The first event is the FALSE to TRUE transition, and the second is the TRUE to FALSE transition. In addition, the conditional for the loop is set to Continue if True, so the VI will complete execution after the Boolean is released and turns back to False. 12. Correct Answer: C Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: Polymorphic response, the addition only occurs if there are elements in each location, based on the index number. The extra elements in on array are ignored. 13. Correct Answer: B Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: "access" input terminal on the Open/Create/Replace File function is set to "read-only", so file cannot be written to. 14. Correct Answer: C Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: Data Flow 15. Correct Answer: C Topic: General Programming Functions Justification: Use the index number of the outer loop to set the number of iterations of the inner loop, including zero. For a zero number of iterations the inner shift register passes its value. 16. Correct Answer: C Topic: SubVI Creation Justification: By definition, control references are placed on the block diagram of the "calling" or existing VI. 17. Correct Answer: A Topic: Design Patterns Justification: A is an Enum and a Type Def, which are the requirements for the case selector inputs of a FGV. 18. Correct Answer: C Topic: Design Patterns Justification: An enum is not required to be the case selector of a state machine (but it is best practice). 19. Correct Answer: B Topic: Design Patterns Justification: This producer loop does not have an Events Structure, this producer consumer design pattern would be used for data handling. 20. Correct Answer: C Topic: Data communication and synchronization Justification: The front panel control is read by the property node, so changes to the control take effect in the For Loop. The value to be displayed in the Numeric Indicator only depends on the final iteration, when the value of the numeric is read and incremented.

21. Correct Answer: B Topic: Data Communication and Synchronization Justification: Due to FIFO, and since i=4 is the fifth iteration of the loop, the fifth element in the queue will be read. The queue is filled in order with element 1 and then element 2, then 3, repeatedly. 22. Correct Answer: D Topic: Data communication and synchronization Justification: The first loop never stops because False is wired to the conditional terminal. Since the first loop never stops, the second loop can't start as it does not have all its inputs. 23. Correct Answer: B Topic: Data communication and synchronization Justification: The Send Notification function sends a message to all functions waiting on a notifier. The notifiers are not buffered. 24. Correct Answer: B Topic: Debugging tools Justification: The single step debugging tools are used when execution is paused. 25. Correct Answer: B Topic: Debugging practices Justification: Step Out is not a single step command. Finish VI or Finish Block Diagram are both available in the SubVI depending on where the VI execution is paused. 26. Correct Answer: D Topic: Debugging tools Justification: Since the order of execution of the write to Output actions cannot be verified, it is not clear what value will result in Output. 27. Correct Answer: A Topic: LabVIEW Environment Justification: Definition of Latched in LabVIEW. Can not be Latch when released, the question only describes the action of the button being pressed, not released. 28. Correct Answer: B Topic: LabVIEW Environment Justification: Since the display index value for columns is '2', that means there are two columns not show (4 elements), along with the 6 visible elements, this array has exactly 10 elements. 29. Correct Answer: C Topic: Data Types Justification: Data is coerced to the widest data type input to minimize loss of information. 30. Correct Answer: D Topic: Data Types Justification: Rounds towards positive value without changing the datatype. 31. Correct Answer: D Topic: Data Types Justification: String comparisons and searches in LabVIEW are case-sensitive and exact. 32. Correct Answer: C Topic: Data Types Justification: Graph 4 points , starting with index 1 (Drop the 0 index element). Values of points in order are: 3,6,9,12,15.

33. Correct Answer: A Topic: Data Types Justification: When constant is set to "\" codes display, "\s" is a space character, otherwise in normal display "\s" is literally \s. 34. Correct Answer: C Topic: Data Types Justification: The maximum positive number that a I8 can represent is 127. When the sum of two I8 number is greater than 127, the answer wraps around to -128 . 35. Correct Answer: D Topic: Data types Justification: Because we are starting with an empty string, the output of the "Concatenate Strings" function is purely the concatenation of the iterations, displayed with two digit precision with no spaces and converted into text. The loop runs 4 times (until i=3), so first time is 0.00, second time 1.00, etc. 36. Correct Answer: D Topic: Error Handling Justification: The Merge Errors VI does not display any dialog. The One Button Dialog function has no error input, and would therefore require additional coding. The Generate Front Panel Activity function does not generate a dialog. Therefore the Simple Error Handler is the best choice because it accepts an error cluster as an input and displays a dialog to the user in the event of an error. 37. Correct Answer: c Topic: Error Handling Justification: A has the logic in the wrong case. B will only clear errors, will not clear warnings. D will clear any error or warning with a code value of 2 or less (which includes negative codes). C is the only one that fulfills all the stated requirements. 38. Correct Answer: D Topic: VI server Justification: Race conditions exist because there is no coordination between the loops. 39. Correct Answer: B Topic: VI server Justification: An Application Reference allows the program to identify an application for an action, but by itself does not change anything. Both the "user interface events" and "User events" require input from the user and additional code. An invoke node has a native "renitialize all to default values" action, thus may be used to fulfill the requirements. 40. Correct Answer: D Topic: VI Server Justification: Drag a control into the front panel control refnum control to remove the original control and create a strictly typed control refnum. Strictly typed control refnums accept only control refnums of exactly the same data type.

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