Name: _________________________________ ID: _____________________________

Psychology 3102, Fall 2001 (Carey)Test 1

Matching(not all the letters will be used)

A) genetic regulation and developmentgenetic load _____

B) proportion of individuals with a given genotypeexhibiting an associated phenotype

inheritance of information _____C) encouraging people with positive traits to havechildren

pleiotropy _____D) estimated number of deleterious recessive genes carried by an individual

Lyonization _____E) the blueprint for life is passed from parents to offspring

anticipation _____F) addition of a methyl group to cytosine

variable expressivity _____G) X-chromosome inactivation

penetrance _____H) a genetic disorder can be caused by mutations in severaldifferent genes

epigenesis _____I) the current generation is more severely affected than the preceding generation

genetic heterogeneity _____J) a single genotype can generate a wide range of phenotypic values for a continuous trait

K) a single gene can influence several different phenotypes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the “energy packet” of the cell: _____a) ribosomeb) synapsec) operond) endoplasmic reticulume) mitochondria

Social Darwinism is: _____a) a eugenics programb) a political theoryc) a form of compulsory sterilizationd) imprisonment of geneticistse) the topic of the book “Origin of Species”

What are the building blocks of proteins: _____a) nucleic acidsb) nucleosomesc) histonesd) amino acidse) nucleotides

The first form of genetic engineering took the form of: _____a) sheep cloningb) breeding plants and animals for desired traitsc) selectively breeding horses for racingd) compulsory sterilizatione) American eugenics legislation

Which of the following bred peas to study heredity: _____a) Mendelb) Darwinc) Morgand) Galtone) Linnaeus

The physical unit of inheritance is: _____a) the geneb) the codonc) the chromosomed) the nucleosomee) the nucleus

A chain or chains of amino acids folded into 3-D is: _____a) a peptideb) a promoterc) a polypeptided) a proteine) a codon

Ribosomes are: _____a) located on the endoplasmic reticulumb) protein factoriesc) present in cells in thousands of copies

d) located within the cytoplasm of the celle) all of the above

Who performed the fist empirical study in behavioral genetics, “Hereditary Genius”: _____a) Hippocratesb) Mendelc) Galtond) Fishere) Morgan

How many chromosomes are present in most cells (excluding gametes): _____a) 23b) 42c) 21d) 46e) 24

The major genetic consequence of hormones is: _____a) binding to their receptorsb) enhancing and inhibiting transcriptionc) setting off second messenger systemsd) allowing ions to enter and exit the celle) none of the above

Which of the following is not a result of synaptic transmission: _____a) excess neurotransmitter is enzymatically degradedb) ion pores are openedc) neurotransmitter binds to post-synaptic receptorsd) cells divide by meiosise) second messenger systems are turned on

Transfer RNA: _____a) carries an amino acid to attach to the polypeptide chainb) has an anti-codon specific for an amino acidc) binds to the messenger RNAd) resembles a four-leaf clovere) all of the above

There are at least how many coding genes in the human genome: _____a) 3,000b) 13,000c) 30,000d) 130,000e) 300,000

Which of the following is not true about Hox genes: _____

a) they regulate the development of cell axisb) they can make fly legs grow out of the eyec) they are arranged linearly on a chromosomed) their sequence is highly conserved throughout evolutione) they code for enzymes responsible for hemoglobin oxygenation

Which of the following is true of the Human Genome Project: _____a) it is being done entirely in the United Statesb) the first phase is already completedc) its purpose is to locate all Mendelian disordersd) in terms of scientific expenditures, it is very cheape) all of the above

True/False

Sickle cell anemia is caused by the mutation of a single base. T F

CAH females behave like their normal brothers. T F

A gene is polymorphic if it affects more than one trait. T F

All of the DNA is found in the cell nucleus. T F

ALDH-2 deficiency homozygotes are completely protected against alcoholism. T F

Wallace and Darwin both developed the principles of natural selection. T F

Buck vs. Bell overturned the sterilization laws of the early 1900’s. T F

In the lac operon, the regulatory protein regulates the lactose let into the cell. T F

Some PKU individuals have normal IQ. T F

Lactose tolerance is correlated with ecology. T F

5-15% of the human genome codes for structural genes. T F

Fill in the Blank

In PKU, levels of ____________________ are high in the urine of affected individuals.

____________________ DNA is maternally transmitted.

A(n) ____________________ is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions.

Most cells of the body divide by ____________________, but gametes divide by ____________________.

The elongated part of the nerve cell is called the ____________________.

The allele that causes the disease ____________________ also provides protection against a certain type of malaria.

____________________ (#) nucleotides make up a codon.

During editing of mRNA, ____________________ are cut out and ____________________ are spliced together.

The ____________________ region of a gene is where transcription machinery binds and initiates transcription.

____________________ is the most common Mendelian disorder associated with mental retardation.

Short Answer

Name the four bases (nucleotides) in DNA and show their pairings (give the full names, not just the letters).

How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of the nucleotides and pairings above?

Briefly explain how transcription factors can alter gene expression.

Name the 5 steps of protein synthesis (in English and/or Scientificese).

Give one example of a disorder caused by a metabolic block and describe it.

Define a structural gene.