Exam Module 4 - Aalborg Universitet · Studienummer: 4th semester Module 4.3 Exam 16hJune 2014 2 Cancer pathology: 1. With the aid of a diagram, how would you grade and stage a suspected

Studienummer: 4th semester Module 4.3 Exam 16hJune 2014

Exam Module 4.3

Medicine and MedIS, AAU, 4th. Semester 16th june 2014

3 hours written exam without books and lecture notes.

The exam paper has to be photocopied so please write within the borders allocated for each question. Write your study number on each page. The space allocated for each question provides you with an idea about the maximum length of the answer. Each question states the maximum number of points.

Answers to questions can be written in Danish or English.

Yellow paper is for drafting answers and not to be handed in. This paper may NOT be removed from the examination room after completion of the exam paper.

The exam is a mixture of short and long essay type questions.

Total number of questions: 8

Total number of points: 100


1 1. What is a tumor suppressor gene? (4 marks)

2. Provide four examples of tumor suppressor genes and describe how they function. (4 marks)

3. Define what is meant by the following words and provide an example where possible:

(i) metaplasia, (ii) dysplasia, (iii) neoplasia, (iv) hamartoma, (v) carcinoma, ( (vi) sarcoma , (vii) teratoma and (viii) lymphoma. (8 marks)


16 marks


2 Cancer pathology:

1. With the aid of a diagram, how would you grade and stage a suspected Malignant Melanoma. (6 marks)

2. Describe the key steps in metastasis and how tumour cells recolonise and grow new tumours. (8 marks)



14 marks


3 Molecular biology of cancer:

1. Explain how the cell cycle is regulated with respect to the action of the different cyclin dependent kinases (CDK)? (5 marks)

2. Explain the importance of checkpoints in controlling progression through the cell cycle? (4 marks)

3. How does p53 trigger cell growth arrest? (5 marks)



14 marks


4 Clinical Case:

Sarah, female, 13 years old, has pain in her right leg that has lasted just over 4 months. The pain can wake her at night. Over the last month, she has noticed a swelling over her right shin. She is a keen gymnast and her parents have attributed her symptoms to growing pains, although they note that she had fallen from parallel bars 6 months previously.

On examination, she appears well. There is a tender, smooth, swelling 12 x 8 cm over the medial aspect of the upper third of the right tibia. The rest of the examination is unremarkable

Questions:

1. Based on the history provided make a comprehensive brain storm to find a likely diagnosis. Careful, what benign condition could this be confused with? (4 marks)

2. What investigations would you perform? (4 marks)

3. How would you communicate your finding to the 13 year old girl? (4 marks)



12 marks


5 This Question is a combination of MCQ and essay type question:

(i) Hvilke celler giver ophav til AML

A. Lymfocytter

B. Lymfoide stamceller

C. Myloide stamceller

D. Granolucytter

E. Osteoblaster

Max point: 1 Opnåede point

(ii) Akut leukæmiske celler er karakteriseret ved at være

A. Differentierede

B. Umodne

C. Primært at finde i organerne

D. Langsomt prolifererende

E. Få i antal


(iii) Hvilken af følgende er ikke tegn på leukæmi:

A. Anæmi

B. Trombocytopeni

C. Leukocytose


D. Erytrocytose

E. Petekkier


Describe with the aid of a diagram how many types of cancer can evolve resistance to therapies using CML as an example (12 marks)



15 marks


6 Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death that can be activated through

either the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways.

Describe the mechanisms that control the intrinsic pathway in Apoptosis. (10 marks)

How do cancer cells evade apoptosis? (5 marks)


15 marks


7 Summarise in outline the approaches used for analysing cancer changes at

the chromosomal or DNA level (4 marks)

4 marks


8

Cancer Treatment:

1. Provide the names of 5 different types of chemotherapy treatment with examples (5 marks)

2. What drug is commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer? (1 marks)

3. Explain the mechanism of action of this drug? (4 marks)


10 marks

Documents

Exam Module 4 - Aalborg Universitet · Studienummer: 4th semester Module 4.3 Exam 16hJune 2014 2 Cancer pathology: 1. With the aid of a diagram, how would you grade and stage a suspected