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►1(a) the type of memory strategy – 1(a) the type of memory strategy – whether Ps were instructed to form a whether Ps were instructed to form a mental image or whether they were mental image or whether they were instructed to memorise wordsinstructed to memorise words

►1(b) the number of words correctly 1(b) the number of words correctly recalledrecalled

►ANSWERS MUST BE OPERATIONALISED ANSWERS MUST BE OPERATIONALISED FOR 2 MARKSFOR 2 MARKS

1(c) independent measures design1(c) independent measures design

1(d) The same word list can be used for both 1(d) The same word list can be used for both conditions – this means that the word list conditions – this means that the word list will be equally easy to learn for both groups, will be equally easy to learn for both groups, reducing any extraneous variables such as reducing any extraneous variables such as word difficultyword difficulty

1 MARK FOR STATEMENT, 1 MARK FOR 1 MARK FOR STATEMENT, 1 MARK FOR ELABORATIONELABORATION

►1(e) The psychologist could carry out 1(e) The psychologist could carry out the experiment again on a similar the experiment again on a similar group of people and see if the results group of people and see if the results are similar. This is known as the test-are similar. This is known as the test-rest method. If the results are similar, rest method. If the results are similar, then the results are relaible.then the results are relaible.

► 2(a) word length, word frequency, 2(a) word length, word frequency, comparability of words, familiarity of words to comparability of words, familiarity of words to the sample in the studythe sample in the study

► The experimenter would have to consider The experimenter would have to consider whether the words in each list were of similar whether the words in each list were of similar length – if the words in List A were all one length – if the words in List A were all one syllable and the words in List B were two or syllable and the words in List B were two or three syllables long, the words in List B may three syllables long, the words in List B may be harder to remember. The word length be harder to remember. The word length would therefore act as an extraneous variable would therefore act as an extraneous variable and must be controlled for.and must be controlled for.

► 2(b) repeated measures2(b) repeated measures

► 2(c) One flaw in a repeated measures design 2(c) One flaw in a repeated measures design could be order effects – this is when Ps do could be order effects – this is when Ps do both conditions of the IV (e.g. remembering both conditions of the IV (e.g. remembering the semantically similar words and the the semantically similar words and the acoustically similar words) and either get acoustically similar words) and either get better due to practice or get worse due to better due to practice or get worse due to boredom. One way of overcoming this flaw boredom. One way of overcoming this flaw would be to employ the technique of would be to employ the technique of counterbalancing (ABBA) – where the groups counterbalancing (ABBA) – where the groups do the conditions in different orders to do the conditions in different orders to reduce order effects.reduce order effects.

► YOU MUST ANSWER BOTH PARTS OF THE YOU MUST ANSWER BOTH PARTS OF THE QUESTION TO GET FULL MARKSQUESTION TO GET FULL MARKS

Question 3(a)Question 3(a)

►1 mark – not operationalised1 mark – not operationalised►2 marks – fully operationalised2 marks – fully operationalised

►There will be a difference in how many There will be a difference in how many numbers are correctly recalled by numbers are correctly recalled by children and adults.children and adults.

Question 3(b)Question 3(b)

►1 mark – brief explanation1 mark – brief explanation►2 marks – explanation and elaboration2 marks – explanation and elaboration

►The experiment uses adults in 1 The experiment uses adults in 1 condition and children in the other so it condition and children in the other so it would be impossible to use a repeated would be impossible to use a repeated measures design unless the researcher measures design unless the researcher waited for the children to grow into waited for the children to grow into adults.adults.

Question 4(a)Question 4(a)

►An experiment conducted in An experiment conducted in participants’ natural surroundings in participants’ natural surroundings in which the experimenter manipulates which the experimenter manipulates the independent variable. (2 marks)the independent variable. (2 marks)

Question 4(b)Question 4(b)

►1 mark – identify weakness1 mark – identify weakness►2 marks – elaboration2 marks – elaboration

►MUST ENGAGE WITH THE SCENARIOMUST ENGAGE WITH THE SCENARIO

►0 marks - One weakness is that there may 0 marks - One weakness is that there may be extraneous variables that the be extraneous variables that the experimenter cannot control. This means experimenter cannot control. This means it’s more difficult to determine that the it’s more difficult to determine that the manipulation of the IV caused the change manipulation of the IV caused the change in the DV.in the DV.

Exemplar answerExemplar answer

►One EV could be that as Pts didn’t One EV could be that as Pts didn’t know they were taking part in an know they were taking part in an experiment they may not have paid experiment they may not have paid attention to the argument. This could attention to the argument. This could affect their recall of the event.affect their recall of the event.