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CompTIA A+ Exam 220-801 Objective Map
Objective Chapter
1.0 FERRAGEM DE C !"0 OR CE#$O%
1.1Con&'(ra) e ap*ica) aj(stes +o ,O. /1./Diferencia)-se
entre co)ponentes +o carto-)atri2 s(as &na*i+a+es2 e
proprie+a+es. 12 /2 31.3Co)parar e contrastar tipos e
carater4sticas +o RAM. 31."nsta*ar e con&'(rar cart5es +e
e6panso. 72 81.7
nsta*ar e con&'(rar +ispositivos +e ar)aena)ento e (sar
)eios apropria+os. "1.8Diferenciar entre v9rios tipos e
carater4sticas +o processa+or centra* e se*ecionar o ):to+o
refri'eran+o apropria+o. 31.;Co)parar e contrastar v9rias re*a
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Mapa objetivo do exame 220-802 de CompTIA A+
Cap4t(*oobjetivo
1.0 $EMA DE EK?ORALO !33 OR CE#$O%
1.1Co)parar e contrastar as carater4sticas e as e6i'Nncias +e
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CompTIA A+
(Exame 220-801 eExame 220-802)Tit +e treina)ento
Darri !ib"o#
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(b*ica+o co) a a(toria = SG ; 8 7 " 3 /
)presso e *i)ita+o nos Esta+os Bni+os +a A):rica.
Microsoft pressiona *ivros est9 +ispon4ve* atrav:s +os *ivreiros
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s(stenta
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*(stra+orJ ni'ht2 nc.
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& minha esposa( "ima. &gradecimentos para toda a
sustenta)*o voc+ deu#me
sobre os anos. !u sou grato para meus sucessos e eu sei
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$#dice"
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Confor)i+a+e co) re'(*a)entos/8
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Dispositivos +e ar)aena)ento +e co)para
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nsta*an+o as )ovi)enta
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Contro*a+or18> +oB,
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Reviso +o
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I#trod&:;o
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ntro+(
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Bsar cart5es instant]neos. A*'(ns povos co)e< )(ito fora +os
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Exi/'#cia" de erra/em para a virt&aia:;o
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Bsan+o o CD +o co)panheiro
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Como &"ar o" te"te" da pr.tica
ara co)e
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3repara:;o para o exame
M (itos e6a)es +e certi&ca
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or e6e)p*o2 os siste)as +e n()era
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A$K
Micro-A$K
D(a* vo*ta'e options
/ CA3TEB 1
7.1 Given a scenario2 (se appropriate safetV proce+(res.
ED straps
ED )ats
e*f-'ro(n+in'
E(ip)ent 'ro(n+in'
ersona* safetV
Disconnect power before repairin' C
Re)ove jewe*rV
?iftin' techni(es
Iei'ht *i)itations
E*ectrica* &re safetV
Co)p*iance with *oca* 'overn)ent re'(*ations
7./ E6p*ain environ)enta* i)pacts an+ the p(rpose of
environ)enta* contro*s.
MD +oc()entation for han+*in' an+ +isposa*
$e)perat(re2 h()i+itV *eve* awareness an+ proper venti*ation
ower s(r'es2 browno(ts2 b*acko(ts
,atterV back(p
(r'e s(ppressor
rotection fro) airborne partic*es
Enc*os(res
Air &*ters
D(st an+ +ebris Co)presse+ air
Hac(()s
Co)ponent han+*in' an+ protection
Antistatic ba's
Co)p*iance to *oca* 'overn)ent re'(*ations
ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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Exam 220-802 objective" i# ti" capter5
"./ Given a scenario2 tro(b*eshoot co))on prob*e)s re*ate+ to
)otherboar+s2 RAM2 CB an+ power withappropriate too*s.
Co))on sV)pto)s
#o power
Overheatin'
?o(+ noise
nter)ittent +evice fai*(re
)oke
,(rnin' s)e**
$oo*s
M(*ti)eter
ower s(pp*V tester
Ra! Wor!d DirtV fans )i'ht so(n+ *ike jet en'inesot too o#/ a/o4
a rie#d 6a" compai#i#/ to me abo&t a comp&ter "e ad
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Co)p(tin' ,asics
At the )ost basic *eve*2 a co)p(ter has three f(nctionsJ inp(t2
processin'2 an+ o(tp(t. t accepts inp(t2 perfor)sso)e processin'2
an+ provi+es an o(tp(t2 as shown in Fi'(re 1-1. $his is often
shortene+ to j(st input/outputI/DE.
CBRAM
np(t rocessin' O(tp(t
Fi'(re 1-1np(t2 processin'2 an+ o(tp(t.
np(t. Bser-provi+e+ inp(t co)es fro) a keVboar+2 a )o(se2 or
even a to(ch screen.o)eti)es inp(t is provi+e+ bV other so(rces2
s(ch as a +isk +rive when openin' &*es or a network
interface
car+ !#C% when receivin' +ata.
rocessin'. $he co)p(ter respon+s to the inp(t bV co)p*etin' an
action. $he centra*processin' (nit !CB% is the brain of the
co)p(ter. t +oes the processin'2 an+ it (ses ran+o) access)e)orV
!RAM% to store an+ )anip(*ate +ata.
O(tp(t. O(tp(t is co))on*V provi+e+ to a screen or a printer.
@owever2 co)p(tersa*so provi+e o(tp(t to other +estinations. $hese
can inc*(+e o(tp(t to speakers orhea+phones to p*aV so(n+2 to +isk
+rives when savin' &*es2 an+ to a #C when trans )ittin'
+ata.
"ot ?on'-ter) an+ short-ter) stora'e
Comp&ter" are abe to 6or 6it data or pro/ram" ti te
i#ormatio# i" i# memor9
Di" drive" provide o#/-term "tora/e4 b&t i#ormatio# m&"t
be moved to te memor9beore te C3F ca# 6or 6it it Ti" i" ote#
tra#"pare#t to te &"er
For e6a)p*e2 i)a'ine Vo( wante+ to open (p a Microsoft Ior+
+oc()ent that has Vo(rA st(+V notes. lo( wo(*+ start bV
+o(b*e-c*ickin' the +oc()ent2 (sin' the )o(se as Vo(rinp(t.
$he co)p(ter processes Vo(r +o(b*e-c*ick with severa*
actionsJ
1 t i+enti&es the e6tension of the Microsoft Ior+ &*e
!.+oc or .+oc6%. t reco'nies thatthis e6tension is associate+ with
Microsoft Ior+.
2 t *ocates an+ retrieves the Microsoft Ior+ pro'ra) fro) the
+isk +rive an+ be'ins)ovin' the pro'ra) fro) the +isk +rive to
)e)orV.
" CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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H Ihen the pro'ra) is in )e)orV2 the co)p(ter can act(a**V r(n
it.
$he co)p(ter be'ins sen+in' res(*ts to the 'raphics car+2
showin' the process ofMicrosoft Ior+ startin'.
J Ihen Microsoft Ior+ is in )e)orV an+ starte+2 the co)p(ter
*ocates the Ior+ t(+V#otes &*e an+ )oves it fro) the har+ +rive
to )e)orV.
K Ihen the &*e is in )e)orV2 the co)p(ter be'ins sen+in'
res(*ts to the 'raphics car+.
"ot O
Comp&ter tro&be"ooti#/ ca# ote# be red&ced to
ide#ti9i#/ 6at i" #ot 6ori#/5 i#p&t4
proce""i#/4 or o&tp&t (I3O) Le# 9o& ide#ti9 ti"4 it"
m&c ea"ier to tro&be"oot a#d
re"ove te probem
$he prece+in' O process is constant*V repeate+. Consi+er tVpin'
Vo(r A notes abo(t fans or powers(pp*ies into Vo(r st(+V &*e.
Each keV press is another inp(t that is processe+ an+ 'enerates an
o(tp(t. $heco)p(ter i+enti&es what keV Vo( presse+2 stores its
va*(e in )e)orV2 an+ +isp*aVs it on the screen. Ihen Vo( savethe
&*e2 it writes everVthin' in its )e)orV to the &*e on the
+rive.
Despite bein' ab*e to +o so )(ch2 itms worth pointin' o(t that
co)p(ters are prettV +()b. $heV can work on*Vwith n()bers.
peci&ca**V2 theV can work on*V with ones an+ eros.EverVthin'
that is written to a +isk +rive or to )e)orV is a series of ones
an+ eros.
A+)itte+*V2 co)p(ters can work with these ones an+ eros verV
(ick*V. Ask it to )(*tip*V two &ve-+i'it n()bers2an+ a co)p(ter
wi** +o so in a \ash. @owever2 it )(st &rst trans*ate anV inp(t
Vo( 'ive it to a strin' of ones an+ eros2process these strin's2 an+
then trans*ate the res(*t of ones an+ eros into a (sab*e
+isp*aV.
Iith this in )in+2 itms i)portant for anV A technician to have a
r(+i)entarV (n+erstan+ in' of so)e basicn()berin' sVste)s.
#()berin' Vste)s
lo( an+ co(nt bV (sin' +eci)a* n()bers. Ie (n+erstan+ the
)eanin' of the n()bers 0 thro('h =. After Vo( 'et(p to =2 the ne6t
n()ber is 10. $his is a*so known as a n()berin' sVste) with a base
of ten2 beca(se there are ten+i'its in the n()berin' sVste).
f Vo( see a n()ber *ike /237;2 Vo( know that its +eci)a* parts
are two tho(san+2 three h(n+re+2 &ftV2 an+ seven.$ab*e 1-1
shows the (n+er*Vin' )ath2 which sho(*+ )ake a *ot of sense to Vo(
if Vo(mre fa)i*iar with +eci)a*n()bers.
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$ab*e 1-1 Deci)a* Ha*(es
103 10/ 101 100
Deci)a* va*(e 1000 100 10 1
#()ber / 3 7 ;
Ca*c(*ate+ va*(e /2000 300 70 ;
$he co*()n on the far *eft is 1032 or 10 c(be+. $he va*(e of 10
6 10 6 10 is 12000. $hen()ber /237; has / in this co*()n2 so it
represents /2000.
$he ne6t co*()n is 10/2 or 10 s(are+. $he va*(e of 10 6 10 is
1002 an+ the n()ber/237; has 3 in this co*()n2 so its va*(e is
300.
AnV n()ber raise+ to the one power is itse*f2 so 101is 10. $he
n()ber /237; has 7 inthis co*()n2 so its va*(e is 70.
?ast2 anV n()ber raise+ to the ero power is 12 so 100is 1. $he
n()ber /237; has ; inthis co*()n2 so its va*(e is ;.
f Vo( a++ /2000 300 70 ;2 Vo( 'et /237;. Ihen Vo( see the n()ber
/237;2 Vo(
probab*V +onmt think of it this waV2 b(t Vo( +o reco'nie the
va*(e. For e6a)p*e2 if sai+ was'oin' to 'ive Vo( Vo(r choice of
/237; or ;273/2 Vo(m+ easi*V reco'nie that the &rst choiceis a
*itt*e over / tho(san+ an+ that the secon+ choice is over ;
tho(san+. ,V reviewin' whatVo( know2 itms easier to bri+'e that
know*e+'e to so)ethin' that )i'ht be new to Vo(.
,ase ten n()bers arenmt verV ecient for co)p(ters. $heV res(*t
in a *ot of waste+ space.,eca(se of this2 co)p(ters (se +ierent
n()berin' sVste)s2 s(ch as binaryan+ hexadecimal.
?i#ar9,inarV n()bers have a base of two. nstea+ of (sin' n()bers
0 thro('h =2 theV on*V (se the n()bers 0 an+ 1.
"ot ,inarV bitI# bi#ar94 a "i#/e di/it i" reerred to a" a bit A
bit ca# ave a va&e o 1 or 0 Le# it i" a 14
it i" co#"idered to be o#4 or tr&e Le# te bit i" a 04 it"
co#"idered to be oN4 or a"e
Consi+er the binarV n()ber 1001. $ab*e 1-/ shows how Vo( can
convert this n()ber to a +eci)a* va*(e that has)ore )eanin' to Vo(
an+ )e.
8 CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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$ab*e 1-/,inarV Ha*(es
/3 // /1 /0
Deci)a* va*(e > " / 1
,inarV n()ber 1 0 0 1
Ca*c(*ate+ va*(e > 0 0 1
$he co*()n on the far *eft is /32 or / c(be+. $he va*(e of / 6 /
6 / is >. $he n()ber1001 has 1 in this co*()n2 so it represents
a ca*c(*ate+ +eci)a* va*(e of >.
$he secon+ co*()n is / s(are+. $he va*(e of / 6 / is "2 an+ the
n()ber 1001 has 0 inthis co*()n2 so its va*(e is 0.
AnV n()ber raise+ to the one power is itse*f2 so /1 is /. $he
n()ber 1001 has 0 in thisco*()n2 so its va*(e is 0.
?ast2 anV n()ber raise+ to the ero power is 12 so /0 is 1. $he
n()ber 1001 has 1 inthis co*()n2 so its va*(e is 1.
f Vo( a++ > 0 0 12 Vo( 'et =. $herefore2 the binarV n()ber
1001 has a +eci)a* va*(e
of =.
exadecimaA*tho('h binarV an+ bits work we** with co)p(ters2 theV
arenmt so easV for peop*e to +i'est.f Vo( nee+ to te** so)eone to
(se the n()ber /012 thatms rather easV. ,(t if Vo( nee+ to
te**so)eone to (se the binarV e(iva*ent2 itms 1100 1001. $hat
strin' of ones an+ eros is a *itt*e+ic(*t to co))(nicate. @owever2
Vo( co(*+ a*so e6press the sa)e n()ber as C= bV
(sin'he6a+eci)a*.
@e6a+eci)a* (ses the characters 0-= an+ A-F2 a++in' si6 e6tra
+i'its to the base tenn()bers of 0-=. @e6a+eci)a* (ses a base of
18. t is easier to e6press than binarV an+ )ore ecient for
co)p(tersthan base 10 beca(se it easi*V trans*ates to binarV.
"ot ,inarV 'ro(pin'
Le# /ro&pi#/ "evera bi#ar9 #&mber"4 it" commo# to
"eparate /ro&p" o o&r 6it a
"pace Ti" i" "imiar to addi#/ comma" to decima #&mber" or
exampe4 1HJPQ2K8 i"
ote# expre""ed a" 1HJ4PQ24K8 beca&"e te comma" mae it ea"ier
to "ee tat it "tart"
6it 1HJ miio#
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$ab*e 1-3Deci)a*2 ,inarV2 an+ @e6a+eci)a* Ha*(es
Deci)a* ,inarV @e6a+eci)a* Deci)a* ,inarV @e6a+eci)a*
0 0000 0 > 1000 >
1 0001 1 = 1001 =
/ 0010 / 10 1010 A
3 0011 3 11 1011 ,
" 0100 " 1/ 1100 C
7 0101 7 13 1101 D
8 0110 8 1" 1110 E
; 0111 ; 17 1111 F
"ot @e6a+eci)a* case
exadecima #&mber" are #ot ca"e "e#"itive A# &pperca"e C
i" te "ame a" a o6erca"e c4
a#d bot e&ate to 1100 i# bi#ar9 Te9 are expre""ed bot 6a9"
b9 diNere#t appicatio#"
Additio#a94 exadecima #&mber" are ote# preceded 6it 0x tat
to i#dicate tat te9 are
exadecima #&mber" or exampe4 i Li#do6" P "top" re"po#di#/4
te "cree# 6i
di"pa9 a# error code "&c a"
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"ot v" is 3/ bits
I# #et6ori#/4 I3v addre""e" are H2 bit" o#/ Te"e addre""e" are
commo#9 divided i#to
o&r /ro&p" o ei/t bit"4 or o&r b9te" Additio#a94 te
/ro&p" are &"&a9 expre""ed i#
decima ormat or exampe4 a# I3v addre"" o 1Q21K81J co&d a"o
be expre""ed i#
bi#ar9 a" 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0101
Rio4 Me/a4 !i/a4 a#d TeraCo)p(ters han+*e h('e n()bers of bVtes2
which are often e6presse+ as kilobytes FGE2megabytes AGE2 gigabytes
GE2 an+ terabytes GE. A T, is 120/" bVtes2 b(t )ost technicians
shorten this toabo(t a tho(san+P bVtes.
"ot One tho(san+ or 10/"
Go& ma9 be 6o#deri#/ 69 a R? i" 1402 b9te" i#"tead o o#e
to&"a#d b9te" Rio itera9
mea#" to&"a#d4 "o 9o&d ti# tat o#e R? 6o&d be o#e
to&"a#d b9te" o6ever4 te
b9te" are cac&ated b9 &"i#/ bi#ar9 6it te orm&a o
210(or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x
2 x 2) I 9o& p&/ te"e #&mber" i#to a cac&ator4
9o& "ee tat it 6or" o&t to 1402
@erems a co)parison of these va*(esJ
T, abo(t one tho(san+ bVtes !/10%
M, abo(t one tho(san+ T, or abo(t a )i**ion bVtes !//0%
G, abo(t one tho(san+ M, or abo(t a bi**ion bVtes !/30%
$, abo(t one tho(san+ G, or abo(t tri**ion bVtes !/"0%
S(ick Check
1Lat i" te decima va&e o te exadecima caracter C
2o6 ma#9 bit" are i# a b9te
S(ick Check Answers
1 12
28
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Cases an+ Coo*in'
Co)p(ter cases ho(se )anV of the co)ponents in the co)p(ter2 an+
there are )anV +ier-ent tVpes2 sies2 an+ shapes of cases. tan+ar+
personal computers PCsE (se +esktop cases.o)e cases are towers that
stan+ (p besi+e a +esk2 an+ others &t on top of a +esk. $he
co)-)on p(rpose of a co)p(ter case is to ho(se the co)ponents
nee+e+ within a co)p(ter.
Fi'(re 1-/ shows an opene+ co)p(ter case with severa* co)ponents
hi'h*i'hte+.
1J
2H
K
H
Fi'(re 1-/Co)p(ter case.
1 ower s(pp*V. $he wires co)in' o(t of the ri'ht si+e of the
power s(pp*V are con-necte+ to +ierent co)p(ter co)ponents.
2 CB fan. $his is a +e+icate+ fan to keep the CB coo*. $he CB is
+irect*V beneath thisfan an+ canmt be seen.
10 CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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H Case fans. $his case has two fans2 a s)a**er one on the *eft
an+ a *ar'er one on thebotto) ri'ht. $hese fans p(** air into the
case. Hents on the case are positione+ so that air constant*V
\owsover keV co)ponents to keep the) coo*.
Motherboar+. $he *ar'e white s(are o(t*ines the )otherboar+.
M(*tip*e co)po-nents are *ocate+ on the )otherboar+2 inc*(+in' the
CB2 RAM2 an+ the 'raphics
car+. Chapter /2 Bn+erstan+in' Motherboar+s an+ ,O2P provi+es
)ore +etai*s onthe )otherboar+2 an+ Chapter 32 Bn+erstan+in'
rocessors an+ RAM2P covers RAM.Chapter 82 E6p*orin' Hi+eo an+
Disp*aV Devices2P covers +isp*aVs an+ 'raphics !inc*(+-in' 'raphics
car+s% in )ore +etai*.
J Optica* +rive baVs. CD an+ DHD optica* +rives are *ocate+
here. $his sVste) has two+rives2 with space for another one.
K @ar+ +isk +rive baVs. @ar+ +isk +rives are (se+ for per)anent
stora'e of +ata. $hissVste) has two har+ +isk +rives2 with space
for another one. Chapter "2 Co)parin'tora'e Devices2P covers the
+ierent tVpes of stora'e +evices.
lo( can a*so see a varietV of +ierent cab*es within the case.
$he power s(pp*V cab*es arecovere+ *ater in this chapter2 an+ other
cab*es an+ connectors are covere+ in f(t(re chapters.
#ot a** cases have this )(ch space or this )anV co)ponents.
@owever2 Fi'(re 1-/ +oes 'ive Vo( an i+ea ofwhat Vo(m** see within
a co)p(ter case.
A (ick e6ercise Vo( can +o is to open Vo(r co)p(terms case an+
peer insi+e. Make s(re Vo( &rst power theco)p(ter +own an+
(np*(' the power cab*e. One si+e of the case can nor)a**V be opene+
bV re)ovin' twoth()b screws on the back of the case an+ p(**in' o
the si+e pane*. $herems no nee+ to )anip(*ate anVthin' insi+ethe
case at this sta'e2 b(t Vo( can *ook at it an+ co)pare Vo(r case
with the case shown in Fi'(re 1-/.
#$am %ip
A+ exam &e"tio#" ote# expect 9o& to be abe to ide#ti9
compo#e#t" 6iti# a comp&ter
Sooi#/ at diNere#t comp&ter" 6i ep 9o& correct9 a#"6er
te"e &e"tio#" I 9o& do#t
ave m&tipe comp&ter" a#d94 cec o&t te pict&re"
o# &ing.com T9pe i# 9o&r "earc
pra"e ("&c a" comp&ter ca"e4U moterboard4U or po6er
"&pp9U) a#d "eect Ima/e"
Moterboard"As Vo( can see in Fi'(re 1-/2 the )otherboar+ takes
(p a si'ni&cant a)o(nt of space. $hecase shown in the &'(re
is re*ative*V *ar'e2 an+ Vo( wi** *ike*V see other co)p(ters where
thecase is not )(ch *ar'er than the *en'th an+ wi+th of the
)otherboar+. A** the co)ponentsare s(eee+ in. $hese s)a**er cases
+onmt have as )(ch roo) for e6pansion2 s(ch as a++in'har+
+rives.
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An i)portant consi+eration re*ate+ to the )otherboar+ an+ the
case is ens(rin' that the case can a+e(ate*Vho(se it. f Vo( ever
rep*ace a co)p(terms )otherboar+ with a +ierent bran+ or )o+e*2
Vo(m** nee+ to ens(re that it&ts within the case.
Chapter / covers )otherboar+ for) factors in )ore +epth2 b(t as
an intro+(ction2 theA+vance+ $echno*o'V E6ten+e+ !A$K% )otherboar+
for) factor is the )ost co))on. $heA$K stan+ar+ has been in (se
since 1==72 with severa* i)prove)ents an+ )o+i&cationsa++e+
over the Vears. ManV cases are +esi'ne+ so that theV wi** s(pport
A$K )otherboar+s.
Ca"e a#"Co)p(ters can 'et verV hot2 so fans are (se+ to keep
coo* air \owin' over the co)ponents.$heV +raw air in fro) the roo)2
+irect it over keV co)ponents2 an+ then the air e6its fro)vents on
the case.
Fans co)e in +ierent *eve*s of (a*itV2 an+ the )ost noticeab*e
+ierence is in how )(ch noise theV )ake.ne6pensive fans have cheap
bearin's that are noisV2 whi*e (a*itV fans have sophisticate+
bearin's that are e6tre)e*V(iet. ManV (a*itV fans inc*(+e a
ther)istor2 which a(to)atica**V a+j(sts the spee+ of the fan base+
on thete)perat(re.
Commo# 3robem" 6it a#"Ihen a case fan beco)es c*o''e+ or +irtV2
it can be so noisV that peop*e co))on*V co)-p*ain it so(n+s *ike a
jet en'ine. $heV never 'et (ite that *o(+2 b(t theV can be a
n(isance.
Even worse2 if the case fan is c*o''e+2 the co)p(ter is often
not 'ettin' eno('h air \ow thro('h it. nterna*co)ponents beco)e
hotter2 an+ itms co))on for the entire sVste) to s*ow to a craw*. n
so)e cases2 prob*e)swith the fan can ca(se the sVste) to fai*.
#$am %ip
I#termitte#t ai&re"4 "&c a" ra#dom re"tart"4 are ote# a#
i#dicatio# o a eat-reated
probem Ti" i" e"pecia9 tr&e i te a#" are o&d4 i#dicati#/
tat te9 are 6ori#/ ver9
ard
$he easV so*(tion is to c*ean the fan a*on' with the case as
+escribe+ in the C*eanin' Cases section *ater in thischapter. $his
wi** often re+(ce the noise an+ increase the perfor)ance. f it
+oesnmt so*ve the prob*e)2 Vo( can rep*ace itwith a hi'her-(a*itV
fan.
f a fan fai*s co)p*ete*V2 it sho(*+ be rep*ace+ as soon as
possib*e to ens(re that other co)ponents +o notoverheat an+
fai*.
1/ CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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"ot C*ose the case
I# diNere#t "it&atio#"4 ma#9 tec#icia#" are tempted to r a
comp&ter 6it it" ca"e ope#
o6ever4 te ve#t" o# te ca"e are "trate/ica9 paced to e#"&re
tat air Vo6" over
"pecic compo#e#t" to eep tem coo I te ca"e i" et ope#4 te"e
compo#e#t" do #ot
ave
e#o&/ air Vo6 over tem4 6ic ca# ca&"e tem to overeat
Bepaci#/ a a#A fan is consi+ere+ afeld replaceable unit 9H$E(so
if a fan is too noisV or has fai*e+2 Vo( can rep*ace it.
ManVco)panies se** case fans2 an+ theV are re*ative*V easV to
rep*ace on a sVste). f Vo( +o rep*ace the fan2 )ake s(rethat the
fan Vo(mre p(rchasin' &ts in Vo(r case. $he two )ost co))on
sies for case fans are >0 )) an+ 1/0 )).
Fi'(re 1-3 shows the case fan within a sVste). $ake a *ook at it
as Vo( fo**ow the steps to re)ove the fan.
1
2
Fi'(re 1-3Re)ovin' a case fan.
Cases an+ Coo*in' C@A$ER 1 13www.it-ebooks.info
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'mportant $(rn o the power
E#"&re tat te comp&ter i" t&r#ed oN a#d tat te po6er
cabe i" removed beore ope#-
i#/ te ca"e a#d repaci#/ a a# 3o6er i" "ti provided to te
moterboard eve# i te
"9"tem i" t&r#ed oN4 a#d 9o& ca# ca&"e dama/e to te
comp&ter or 9o&r"e i te po6er
cabe i" #ot removed
1 Re)ove fo(r screws fro) the back of the case. $he arrows in
Fi'(re 1-3 point totwo of the screws2 an+ the other two screws are
on the other two corners of the fan.
2 Re)ove the power connector. $he power connector p*('s into a
speci&c jack on the)otherboar+. $ake note of this jack2 an+
ens(re that Vo( p*(' the new fan into the jackthe sa)e waV. Fan
connectors can (se two2 three2 or fo(r pins. $he "-pin
connectorsare co))on*V (se+ with variab*e spee+ fans2 a**owin' the
co)p(ter to contro* thespee+ of the fan. lo( can a*so (se a+apters
to connect so)e fans into a AolextVpe ofconnector fro) the
)otherboar+.
After re)ovin' the o*+ fan2 Vo( can insta** the new fan bV
reversin' Vo(r steps. Attach the fo(r screws an+ p*(' itin.
Even with new fans2 tho('h2 if the case vents beco)e c*o''e+
with conta)inants2 the fanswi** work har+er to p(** the air thro('h
the sVste). $he easV so*(tion is to c*ean the case.
Cea#i#/ Ca"e"Iith a** the air b*owin' into the co)p(ter case2 it
wi** 'ather so)e +(st. n e6tre)e workenviron)ents2 the insi+e of a
co)p(ter can 'et (ite +irtV. For e6a)p*e2 a co)p(ter within a
)an(fact(rin' p*ant wi**co**ect +irt an+ conta)inants insi+e the
case. i)i*ar*V2 a co)p(ter with +o's or cats in the area can
co**ect f(r an+ hair.
tms re*ative*V easV to c*ean a case. $he )ost co))on )etho+ is
bV (sin' a can of co)-presse+ air2 which Vo( can p(rchase fro)
e*ectronics stores. $ake the co)p(ter o(tsi+e2re)ove the cover2 an+
(se the co)presse+ air to b*ow o(t the +(st an+ other
conta)inants.
#$am %ip
Cea#i#/ a ca"e a#d it" a#" ca# improve a comp&ter"
perorma#ce Exce""ive d&"t create"
additio#a eat4 a#d ma#9 comp&ter" i#c&de compo#e#t" tat
ca# a&tomatica9 "e#"e te
temperat&re Te"e compo#e#t" ote# i#crea"e te "peed o te a#"4
mai#/ te "9"tem
o&der4 a#d a"o "o6 do6# te "peed o te C3F to red&ce te
eat
oticatio#
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7/25/2019 Exam 220-801 and Exam 220-802
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co)p(ter. $he ne6t ti)e the sVste) starts2 it in+icates that the
sVste) case has been opene+. $his is (sef(* for+etectin' whether
so)eone has been ta)perin' with a co)p(ter.
S(ick Check
1Lat are te t6o commo# "ie" o a ca"e a#
2A comp&ter a" become o&der a#d "o6er Lat i" a commo#
"o&tio#
S(ick Check Answers1 80 mm a#d 120 mm
2Cea# it
ower (pp*ies
Co)p(ters r(n on e*ectricitV. E*ectricitV is )eas(re+ as
vo*ta'e2 an+ vo*ta'e is the +ierence in potentia* betweentwo
points. For e6a)p*e2 an e*ectrica* si'na* can be 1/ vo*ts above a
'ro(n+ potentia* of ero vo*ts2 'ivin' it a va*(e
of 1/ vo*ts. ower s(pp*ies within co)p(ters ens(re that
co)ponents within a sVste) consistent*V have the
correctvo*ta'es.
As an A technician2 Vo( )i'ht nee+ to tro(b*eshoot a sVste) with
a fa(*tV power s(pp*Vor even rep*ace a power s(pp*V. Iith that in
)in+2 Vo( nee+ to have a basic (n+erstan+in' ofpower s(pp*ies.
AC v" DC$he two tVpes of vo*ta'es are a*ternatin' c(rrent !AC%
an+ +irect c(rrent !DC%. &C voltagea*ternates above an+ be*ow
ero vo*ts2 an+ 8C voltageprovi+es a stea+V vo*ta'e either above or
be*ow ero.
Co))ercia* power co)panies tra+itiona**V provi+e power as AC2
which *ooks *ike a sine
wave. ower s(pp*ies within co)p(ters convert this AC vo*ta'e
into DC vo*ta'e2 as shown inFi'(re 1-".
1/ H
OH
AC co))ercia* power Fi'(re
1-"AC vs. DC.
A$K-base+powers(pp*V
7 H3.3 H
OH
-1/ H
Co))on DC vo*ta'es
ower (pp*ies C@A$ER 1 17www.it-ebooks.info
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Fi'(re 1-" isnmt to sca*e. AC vo*ta'es varV abo(t 117 HAC !vo*ts
AC power% above an+be*ow 0 vo*ts in )anV re'ions2 s(ch as in the
Bnite+ tates2 an+ /30 HAC above an+ be*ow0 vo*ts in other re'ions2
s(ch as in E(rope. $he keV point is that AC vo*ta'e is an
a*ternatin'or varVin' vo*ta'e2 whereas DC vo*ta'e is a constant
stea+V vo*ta'e. $he DC vo*ta'es shownin the &'(re are co))on
vo*ta'es (se+ within co)p(ters2 an+ are so)eti)es e6presse+ asHDC2
s(ch as 1/ HDC.
Latta/e 3o6er Bati#/"ower s(pp*ies are rate+ base+ on the a)o(nt
of power theV can provi+e2 an+ power is co)-p(te+ as a watt E. n
si)p*e ter)s2 watts are co)p(te+ bV )(*tip*Vin' the vo*ta'e bV
thea)pera'e. A)pera'e !A% refers to the rate of \ow of the vo*ta'e.
@i'her a)pera'e res(*ts ina hi'her rate of \ow2 an+ hi'her a)pera'e
with the sa)e vo*ta'e provi+es )ore power.
Each in+ivi+(a* co)ponent within a co)p(ter re(ires a certain
a)o(nt of power. Fore6a)p*e2 itms not (nco))on for a CB to re(ire
as )(ch as 100 I. A++itiona**V2 the )otherboar+2 case fans2 an+
+isk+rives a** +raw a++itiona* power. Iith this in )in+2 power
s(p-p*ies )(st not on*V convert AC to DC an+ s(pp*V the correct DC
vo*ta'es2 b(t theV )(st a*so provi+e eno('h powerto s(pport a** the
co)ponents in the sVste).
Ihen rep*acin' apower supply unit P%$E(Vo( sho(*+ *ook for the I
within the speci&ca tions to i+entifV thepower o(tp(t. For
e6a)p*e2 a 800-watt B wo(*+ be *iste+ as 800 I. $he ran'e of co))on
c(rrent A$K-base+ Bsis abo(t 300 I to 12000 I.
f a sVste) re(ires 800 I an+ Vo( p(t in a 300-I power s(pp*V2
Vo(m** have so)e prob-*e)s. n )ost cases2 the co)p(ter si)p*V wonmt
work. n other cases2 the power s(pp*V wonmtbe ab*e to provi+e
stea+V vo*ta'es an+ the variances )i'ht +a)a'e sVste)
co)ponents.
Bai"ower s(pp*ies provi+e separate *ines !ca**e+ rails% for the
+ierent vo*ta'es. $he vo*ta'e that +raws the )ostpower is 1/ H2
(se+ for CBs2 case fans2 an+ +isk +rives2 an+ a sin'*e 1/-H rai*
provi+es 1> A of power. @owever2 this
sin'*e 1>-A rai* often isnmt eno('h to power a** the
co)ponents that nee+ the vo*ta'e.ManV c(rrent power s(pp*ies
inc*(+e at *east two 1/-H rai*s2 with one rai* +e+icate+ to the CB
an+ the secon+ rai*
+e+icate+ to everVthin' e*se. o)e power s(pp*ies inc*(+e three
or fo(r rai*s. Ihen rep*acin' a power s(pp*V2 Vo(nee+ to ens(re
that Vo( are rep*acin' it with one that has at *east the sa)e
n()ber of 1/-H rai*s as the ori'ina*.
#$am %ip
Te 12- rai" provide primar9 po6er to di" drive" I te"e rai" are
over6ored4 te9 6i
re&e#t9 ca&"e probem" or te ard drive" I# oter 6ord"4 i
ard drive" are re&e#t9
aii#/ i# a comp&ter4 co#"ider repaci#/ te po6er "&pp9
6it o#e tat a" a# additio#a
12- rai
18 CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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#$am %ip
I 9o& ave ti" "eectio# "et at 2H0 a#d 9o& p&/ it
i#to a commercia po6er "o&rce provid-
i#/ 11J AC4 it 6o#t ave e#o&/ po6er to r te comp&ter O#
te oter a#d4 i 9o&
"et it to 11J a#d 9o& p&/ it i#to a 2H0-AC po6er
"o&rce4 9o& 6i ie9 de"tro9 te po6er
"&pp9 I 9o& ear pop"4 "me b&r#i#/ compo#e#t"4 or "me
"moe4 p&/ it a" &ic9 a"
po""ibe a#d cec ti" "6itc
H ower in+icator. Ihen on2 it in+icates that the power s(pp*V
has power. $his +oes notin+icate that the act(a* co)p(ter is t(rne+
on. Co)p(ters tVpica**V have a separate power b(tton an+power
in+icator on the front of the case.
Mo*e6 connectors. $hese provi+e 7 H an+ 1/ H to +ierent +evices2
s(ch as ara**e*A+vance+ $echno*o'V Attach)ent !A$A% +isk
+rives.
J A$A power connector. $his 17-pin connector provi+es power to
eria* A+vance+$echno*o'V Attach)ent !A$A% +isk +rives. t inc*(+es
3.3-H2 7-H2 an+ 1/-H DC vo*ta'es.
K econ+arV )otherboar+ power connection. Most c(rrent
)otherboar+s (se a"-pin connector that provi+es 1/ HDC (se+ bV the
CB. $his connector is for)a**V
ca**e+ A$K1/H b(t is a*so known as " beca(se it was &rst
(se+ with the enti() "CBs. Vste)s with )ore than one CB (se an
>-pin connector !or two "-pin connectors% to provi+e powerfor
)(*tip*e CBs. $his is for)a**V known as E1/H.
P F*oppV +rive )ini-connectors. $hese are so)eti)es ca**e+ ,er'
connectors or )ini-Mo*e6 connectors. $heV provi+e 7-HDC an+ 1/-HDC
power to 3.7-inch \oppV +rives2 when the sVste)inc*(+es \oppV
+rives.
8 ri)arV power connector. A /0-pin or /"-pin connector provi+es
pri)arV power tothe )otherboar+. tms co))on*V ca**e+ the 1
connector an+ provi+es 3.3 HDC2 7 HDC2 an+ 1/ HDC to
the)otherboar+.
#$am %ip
Go& mi/t #eed to tro&be"oot a po6er "&pp9 a#d veri9
tat it i" "&pp9i#/ te correct
vota/e" Lit ti" i# mi#d4 9o& "o&d be a6are o vaid
vota/e" o# te diNere#t co##ec-
tor" ?ac 6ire" are /rod (or a ero pote#tia)4 ora#/e 6ire" carr9
HH 4 red 6ire" carr9
J 4 9eo6 6ire" carr9 12 4 a#d b&e 6ire" carr9 -12
ManV power s(pp*ies a*so have a C E6press !Ce% power connector.
$his was ori'ina**V a 8-pin connector2 b(tnew sVste)s (se an
>-pin connector si)i*ar to the one shown in Fi'(re 1-8. o)e
power s(pp*ies (se a 8/connector2 a**owin' Vo( to p*(' it into an
o*+er sVste) with on*V 8 pins2 or a newer sVste) with >
pins.
1> CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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co)p(ter. $he ne6t ti)e the sVste) starts2 it in+icates that the
sVste) case has been opene+. $his is (sef(* for+etectin' whether
so)eone has been ta)perin' with a co)p(ter.
S(ick Check
1Lat are te t6o commo# "ie" o a ca"e a#
2A comp&ter a" become o&der a#d "o6er Lat i" a commo#
"o&tio#
S(ick Check Answers1 80 mm a#d 120 mm
2Cea# it
ower (pp*ies
Co)p(ters r(n on e*ectricitV. E*ectricitV is )eas(re+ as
vo*ta'e2 an+ vo*ta'e is the +ierence in potentia* betweentwo
points. For e6a)p*e2 an e*ectrica* si'na* can be 1/ vo*ts above a
'ro(n+ potentia* of ero vo*ts2 'ivin' it a va*(e
of 1/ vo*ts. ower s(pp*ies within co)p(ters ens(re that
co)ponents within a sVste) consistent*V have the
correctvo*ta'es.
As an A technician2 Vo( )i'ht nee+ to tro(b*eshoot a sVste) with
a fa(*tV power s(pp*Vor even rep*ace a power s(pp*V. Iith that in
)in+2 Vo( nee+ to have a basic (n+erstan+in' ofpower s(pp*ies.
AC v" DC$he two tVpes of vo*ta'es are a*ternatin' c(rrent !AC%
an+ +irect c(rrent !DC%. &C voltagea*ternates above an+ be*ow
ero vo*ts2 an+ 8C voltageprovi+es a stea+V vo*ta'e either above or
be*ow ero.
Co))ercia* power co)panies tra+itiona**V provi+e power as AC2
which *ooks *ike a sine
wave. ower s(pp*ies within co)p(ters convert this AC vo*ta'e
into DC vo*ta'e2 as shown inFi'(re 1-".
1/ H
OH
AC co))ercia* power Fi'(re
1-"AC vs. DC.
A$K-base+powers(pp*V
7 H3.3 H
OH
-1/ H
Co))on DC vo*ta'es
ower (pp*ies C@A$ER 1 17
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Fi'(re 1-" isnmt to sca*e. AC vo*ta'es varV abo(t 117 HAC !vo*ts
AC power% above an+be*ow 0 vo*ts in )anV re'ions2 s(ch as in the
Bnite+ tates2 an+ /30 HAC above an+ be*ow0 vo*ts in other re'ions2
s(ch as in E(rope. $he keV point is that AC vo*ta'e is an
a*ternatin'or varVin' vo*ta'e2 whereas DC vo*ta'e is a constant
stea+V vo*ta'e. $he DC vo*ta'es shownin the &'(re are co))on
vo*ta'es (se+ within co)p(ters2 an+ are so)eti)es e6presse+ asHDC2
s(ch as 1/ HDC.
Latta/e 3o6er Bati#/"ower s(pp*ies are rate+ base+ on the a)o(nt
of power theV can provi+e2 an+ power is co)-p(te+ as a watt E. n
si)p*e ter)s2 watts are co)p(te+ bV )(*tip*Vin' the vo*ta'e bV
thea)pera'e. A)pera'e !A% refers to the rate of \ow of the vo*ta'e.
@i'her a)pera'e res(*ts ina hi'her rate of \ow2 an+ hi'her a)pera'e
with the sa)e vo*ta'e provi+es )ore power.
Each in+ivi+(a* co)ponent within a co)p(ter re(ires a certain
a)o(nt of power. Fore6a)p*e2 itms not (nco))on for a CB to re(ire
as )(ch as 100 I. A++itiona**V2 the )otherboar+2 case fans2 an+
+isk+rives a** +raw a++itiona* power. Iith this in )in+2 power
s(p-p*ies )(st not on*V convert AC to DC an+ s(pp*V the correct DC
vo*ta'es2 b(t theV )(st a*so provi+e eno('h powerto s(pport a** the
co)ponents in the sVste).
Ihen rep*acin' apower supply unit P%$E(Vo( sho(*+ *ook for the I
within the speci&ca tions to i+entifV thepower o(tp(t. For
e6a)p*e2 a 800-watt B wo(*+ be *iste+ as 800 I. $he ran'e of co))on
c(rrent A$K-base+ Bsis abo(t 300 I to 12000 I.
f a sVste) re(ires 800 I an+ Vo( p(t in a 300-I power s(pp*V2
Vo(m** have so)e prob-*e)s. n )ost cases2 the co)p(ter si)p*V wonmt
work. n other cases2 the power s(pp*V wonmtbe ab*e to provi+e
stea+V vo*ta'es an+ the variances )i'ht +a)a'e sVste)
co)ponents.
Bai"ower s(pp*ies provi+e separate *ines !ca**e+ rails% for the
+ierent vo*ta'es. $he vo*ta'e that +raws the )ostpower is 1/ H2
(se+ for CBs2 case fans2 an+ +isk +rives2 an+ a sin'*e 1/-H rai*
provi+es 1> A of power. @owever2 this
sin'*e 1>-A rai* often isnmt eno('h to power a** the
co)ponents that nee+ the vo*ta'e.ManV c(rrent power s(pp*ies
inc*(+e at *east two 1/-H rai*s2 with one rai* +e+icate+ to the CB
an+ the secon+ rai*
+e+icate+ to everVthin' e*se. o)e power s(pp*ies inc*(+e three
or fo(r rai*s. Ihen rep*acin' a power s(pp*V2 Vo(nee+ to ens(re
that Vo( are rep*acin' it with one that has at *east the sa)e
n()ber of 1/-H rai*s as the ori'ina*.
#$am %ip
Te 12- rai" provide primar9 po6er to di" drive" I te"e rai" are
over6ored4 te9 6i
re&e#t9 ca&"e probem" or te ard drive" I# oter 6ord"4 i
ard drive" are re&e#t9
aii#/ i# a comp&ter4 co#"ider repaci#/ te po6er "&pp9
6it o#e tat a" a# additio#a
12- rai
18 CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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3o6er
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73/1050
#$am %ip
I 9o& ave ti" "eectio# "et at 2H0 a#d 9o& p&/ it
i#to a commercia po6er "o&rce provid-
i#/ 11J AC4 it 6o#t ave e#o&/ po6er to r te comp&ter O#
te oter a#d4 i 9o&
"et it to 11J a#d 9o& p&/ it i#to a 2H0-AC po6er
"o&rce4 9o& 6i ie9 de"tro9 te po6er
"&pp9 I 9o& ear pop"4 "me b&r#i#/ compo#e#t"4 or "me
"moe4 p&/ it a" &ic9 a"
po""ibe a#d cec ti" "6itc
H ower in+icator. Ihen on2 it in+icates that the power s(pp*V
has power. $his +oes notin+icate that the act(a* co)p(ter is t(rne+
on. Co)p(ters tVpica**V have a separate power b(tton an+power
in+icator on the front of the case.
Mo*e6 connectors. $hese provi+e 7 H an+ 1/ H to +ierent +evices2
s(ch as ara**e*A+vance+ $echno*o'V Attach)ent !A$A% +isk
+rives.
J A$A power connector. $his 17-pin connector provi+es power to
eria* A+vance+$echno*o'V Attach)ent !A$A% +isk +rives. t inc*(+es
3.3-H2 7-H2 an+ 1/-H DC vo*ta'es.
K econ+arV )otherboar+ power connection. Most c(rrent
)otherboar+s (se a"-pin connector that provi+es 1/ HDC (se+ bV the
CB. $his connector is for)a**V
ca**e+ A$K1/H b(t is a*so known as " beca(se it was &rst
(se+ with the enti() "CBs. Vste)s with )ore than one CB (se an
>-pin connector !or two "-pin connectors% to provi+e powerfor
)(*tip*e CBs. $his is for)a**V known as E1/H.
P F*oppV +rive )ini-connectors. $hese are so)eti)es ca**e+ ,er'
connectors or )ini-Mo*e6 connectors. $heV provi+e 7-HDC an+ 1/-HDC
power to 3.7-inch \oppV +rives2 when the sVste)inc*(+es \oppV
+rives.
8 ri)arV power connector. A /0-pin or /"-pin connector provi+es
pri)arV power tothe )otherboar+. tms co))on*V ca**e+ the 1
connector an+ provi+es 3.3 HDC2 7 HDC2 an+ 1/ HDC to
the)otherboar+.
#$am %ip
Go& mi/t #eed to tro&be"oot a po6er "&pp9 a#d veri9
tat it i" "&pp9i#/ te correct
vota/e" Lit ti" i# mi#d4 9o& "o&d be a6are o vaid
vota/e" o# te diNere#t co##ec-
tor" ?ac 6ire" are /rod (or a ero pote#tia)4 ora#/e 6ire" carr9
HH 4 red 6ire" carr9
J 4 9eo6 6ire" carr9 12 4 a#d b&e 6ire" carr9 -12
ManV power s(pp*ies a*so have a C E6press !Ce% power connector.
$his was ori'ina**V a 8-pin connector2 b(tnew sVste)s (se an
>-pin connector si)i*ar to the one shown in Fi'(re 1-8. o)e
power s(pp*ies (se a 8/connector2 a**owin' Vo( to p*(' it into an
o*+er sVste) with on*V 8 pins2 or a newer sVste) with >
pins.
1> CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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Fi'(re 1-8Ce power connector.
Cabe Re9i#/Most cab*es are keVe+. $hat is2 theV are +esi'ne+ to
&t into a jack in one waV2 an+ one waVon*V. @owever2 these
connectors an+ p*('s are j(st p*astic2 so it is possib*e to force a
connec-tor onto a p*(' backwar+s. f Vo( +o2 the wron' vo*ta'es or
si'na*s wi** be sent to a +evice.
n the worst case scenario2 p*(''in' a cab*e in backwar+s can
+estroV a +evice. f Vo(mre*(ckV2 p*(''in' the cab*e in wron' wi**
j(st res(*t in the +evice not workin'. #either res(*t is+esirab*e2
so itms best to *ook for the keV an+ ens(re that Vo( p*(' in the
connector correct*V.
Fi'(re 1-; shows so)e co))on )etho+s of how cab*es are
keVe+.
Ro(n+e+ e+'e E6tra p*astic on e+'es Ro(n+e+ e+'eson pins
Fi'(re 1-;Cab*e keVin' e6a)p*es.t )i'ht not be apparent in
Fi'(re 1-7 shown ear*ier2 b(t severa* of the connectors have keVe+
connectors si)i*ar to that shown inFi'(re 1-;. $he Mo*e6 connectors
!ite) " inFi'(re 1-7% have ro(n+e+ e+'es. $he A$A power connector
!ite) 7% has an e6tra e+'e. $he )ini-connector !ite) ;% has
severa*e6tra e+'es. $he pri)arV power connector !ite) >% has
ro(n+e+ e+'es on the in+ivi+(a* pins.
Fi'(re 1-8Ce power connector.
Cabe Re9i#/Most cab*es are keVe+. $hat is2 theV are +esi'ne+ to
&t into a jack in one waV2 an+ one waVon*V. @owever2 these
connectors an+ p*('s are j(st p*astic2 so it is possib*e to force a
connec-tor onto a p*(' backwar+s. f Vo( +o2 the wron' vo*ta'es or
si'na*s wi** be sent to a +evice.
n the worst case scenario2 p*(''in' a cab*e in backwar+s can
+estroV a +evice. f Vo(mre*(ckV2 p*(''in' the cab*e in wron' wi**
j(st res(*t in the +evice not workin'. #either res(*t is+esirab*e2
so itms best to *ook for the keV an+ ens(re that Vo( p*(' in the
connector correct*V.
Fi'(re 1-; shows so)e co))on )etho+s of how cab*es are
keVe+.
Ro(n+e+ e+'e E6tra p*astic on e+'es Ro(n+e+ e+'eson pins
Fi'(re 1-;Cab*e keVin' e6a)p*es.
t )i'ht not be apparent in Fi'(re 1-7 shown ear*ier2 b(t severa*
of the connectors have keVe+ connectors si)i*ar
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to that shown in Fi'(re 1-;. $he Mo*e6 connectors !ite) "
inFi'(re 1-7% have ro(n+e+ e+'es. $he A$A power connector !ite) 7%
has an e6tra e+'e. $he )ini-connector !ite);% has severa* e6tra
e+'es. $he pri)arV power connector !ite) >% has ro(n+e+ e+'es on
the in+ivi+(a* pins.
'mportant #ever force a connector
3&//i#/ i# a#9 co##ector te 6ro#/ 6a9 ca# dama/e te
comp&ter Ato&/ te e9i#/
doe" ep4 te co##ector" are pa"tic a#d i# "ome ca"e" it i"
po""ibe to orce a co##ector
o#to a p&/ te 6ro#/ 6a9 I a co##ector doe"#t "eem to t4 do#t
tr9 to orce it I#"tead4
do&be-cec te e9i#/ to e#"&re tat it i" p&//ed i#
correct9
ower (pp*ies C@A$ER 1 1=
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ATW v" Micro-ATW 3o6er
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an+ the new power s(pp*V is in2 Vo( )i'ht have tro(b*e
re)e)berin' where a** thecab*es went. A*so2 ens(re that Vo(
i+entifV the keVin' of the cab*es an+ p*(' the) incorrect*V.
Ihen Vo(mre rea+V to rep*ace the power s(pp*V2 Vo(m** &n+
there are on*V fo(r screws ho*+-in' it on. Re)ove the cab*es an+
the screws2 an+ Vo(m** be ab*e to re)ove the power
s(pp*V.Occasiona**V2 Vo( )i'ht nee+ to re)ove other co)ponents
&rst to 'et to the power s(pp*V
an+ re)ove it.
3rotecti#/
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?atter9 ?ac&p
An uninterruptible power supply $P%E provi+es the bene&ts of
a s(r'e s(ppressor an+ a*soprovi+es constant power to a sVste). t
inc*(+es batteries2 an+ if co))ercia* power is *ostor sa's2 it can
contin(e to s(pp*V power to sVste)s for a short ti)e2 for as )(ch
as 10 or 17)in(tes or *on'er.
For e6a)p*e2 recent*V a++e+ an B rate+ at =00 watts. p*(''e+ in
)V pri)arV C an+ \at screen )onitor2 b(tnothin' e*se2 to the B.
D(rin' a power o(ta'e2 the B contin(e+ to provi+e power for over an
ho(r. f ha+ twoCs an+ two )onitors p*(''e+ into it2 the B wo(*+
*ike*V have *aste+ on*V abo(t 30 )in(tes.
f power isnmt restore+ within a certain ti)e fra)e2 the B can
sen+ a si'na* to the co)p(ter to perfor) a *o'ica*sh(t+own. $his
prevents har+ware an+ software prob*e)s ca(se+ bV (ne6pecte+ power
*osses.
Fi'(re 1-> shows how the B is connecte+ to the co)p(ter. $he
B p*('s into the wa**to receive co))ercia* power. $his power
provi+es a contin(o(s char'e to the batteries withinthe B. $he B
provi+es AC power to the co)p(ter or to other sVste)s p*(''e+ into
it. fpower fai*s2 the B contin(es to provi+e power to the co)p(ter
for a short ti)e.
B
AC co))ercia* power AC power
Fi'(re 1->B (se+ to protect a'ainst short-ter) power
*oss.
#$am %ip
A# F3< ca# be &"ed to provide po6er to comp&ter" or
"ort-term po6er Sa"er pri#ter"
dra6 a "i/#ica#t amot o po6er4 a#d te9 "o&d #ot be
p&//ed i#to a# F3
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S(ick Check
1Lat vota/e" are provided b9 a# ATW po6er "&pp9
2Lat "o&d 9o& cec i 9o& ave ard drive" re&e#t9
aii#/
S(ick Check Answers
1 HH 4 J 4 12 4 a#d -12 2 12- rai"
afetV ss(es
Ihen workin' on co)p(ters2 itms i)portant to paV attention to
safetV consi+erations. A basicpre)ise to a*waVs keep in )in+ is
that co)p(ters are j(st thin's that can be rep*ace+2 b(t wecanmt
rep*ace peop*e. n other wor+s2 va*(e peop*e &rst when workin'
with co)p(ters. ,V fo*-*owin' basic safetV preca(tions2 Vo( can
prevent +a)a'e to peop*e an+ to e(ip)ent.
Eectrica
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'mportant E(ip)ent 'ro(n+ connections sho(*+ a*waVs be
connecte+
Di"co##ecti#/ /rod co##ectio#" ca# b9pa"" "aet9 circ&it"
Da#/ero&" vota/e" ca# be
redirected to te comp&ter ca"e4 re"&ti#/ i# a "oc i a
&"er to&ce" te ca"e
Gro(n+ is referre+ to +ierent*V base+ on the *ocation of the
connection. For e6a)p*e2 Fi'(re 1-= shows thethree pri)arV sV)bo*s
(se+ for 'ro(n+.
Earth Chassis i'na*'ro(n+ 'ro(n+ 'ro(n+
Fi'(re 1-=Gro(n+ sV)bo*s.
!arth groundis the path +irect*V to Earth. Chassis groundrefers
to the path to the e(ip)ent case orchassis. %ignal groundrefers to
the ret(rn path for a si'na*. i'na* 'ro(n+connections are co))on*V
connecte+ to the chassis. For e6a)p*e2 so)e screws connectin' a
)otherboar+ to
a co)p(ter case connect the )otherboar+ si'na* 'ro(n+ to the
case. $he chassis 'ro(n+ is then connecte+ tothe Earth 'ro(n+ via
the power cab*e.
E
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connect the e(ip)ent case to a 'ro(n+in' bar that is connecte+
to Earth 'ro(n+.$he technician can connect a**i'ator c*ips fro) the
wrist strap to the case or to the'ro(n+in' bar.
Bse antistatic ba's. Ihen storin' an+ transportin' e*ectronic
co)ponents2 theVsho(*+ be store+ in antistatic ba's. $hese ba's
he*p prevent static fro) b(i*+in' (p an+ ca(sin' ED
+a)a'e to the co)ponents. Bse ED )ats. pecia* ED )ats prevent
static b(i*+(p2 an+ theV are co))on*V (se+
on work benches. $echnicians p*ace co)p(ters on the antistatic
)at whi*e workin' on the). ?ar'erantistatic )ats can be p*ace+ on
the \oor in front of the technicianms bench to re+(ce static.
#$am %ip
er9 "ma amot" o E
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As an A technician2 Vo( are *ike*V to (se pro+(cts that have MD
sheets. For e6a)p*e2 Vo()i'ht (se c*eanin' pro+(cts that c*ean
co)p(ter screens or keVboar+s. f anV of these pro+-(cts is ca(sin'
an a+verse reaction to either peop*e or the e(ip)ent2 Vo( can refer
to theMD sheet for infor)ation abo(t the pro+(ct an+ a++itiona*
steps to take after the e6pos(re.
Compia#ce 6it Be/&atio#"AnV 'overn)ent re'(*ations
pertainin' to safetV or environ)enta* contro*s )(st be fo**owe+.
For e6a)p*e2 the stateof Ca*ifornia has )an+ate+ that a** batteries
be +ispose+ of as haar+o(s waste. Even if the batteries are the
newer)erc(rV-free a*ka*ine batteries2 the re'(*ation sti** re(ires
specia* han+*in'.
"ot 'norance is no e6c(se
A# od "a9i#/ reated to te a6 i" tat i/#ora#ce i" #o exc&"eU
Lit tat i# mi#d4
or/a#iatio#" ave a re"po#"ibiit9 to ear# 6at re/&atio#" app9
to tem 6ere te9
operate4 a#d to comp9 6it to"e re/&atio#"
ire
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Siti#/Ihen *iftin' e(ip)ent2 itms best to *ift with Vo(r *e's2
not Vo(r back. n other wor+s2 instea+of ben+in' +own to pick (p
heavV e(ip)ent2 Vo( sho(*+ s(at2 ben+in' Vo(r knees2 to pickit
(p.
$here arenmt anV &r) '(i+e*ines on safe wei'ht *i)itations.
@owever2 itms 'enera**V rec-
o))en+e+ that in+ivi+(a*s +o not trV to *ift e(ip)ent wei'hin'
)ore than ;0 po(n+switho(t he*p.
S(ick Check
1Lat ca# be &"ed to protect a/ai#"t E
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Compre""ed Air a#d Compre""or"As )entione+ previo(s*V2
co)presse+ air can be (se+ to c*ean o(t a co)p(ter case. lo(
canp(rchase cans of co)presse+ air on*ine or at co)p(ter an+
e*ectronics stores. $heV (s(a**Vhave p*astic straws that Vo( can
attach to the spraV no*e so that Vo( can +irect the air intothe
nooks an+ crannies of the case. Co)presse+ air is a*so (sef(* for
b*owin' o(t keVboar+s2
printers2 an+ *aptop cases.Co)pressors are e*ectronic )otors
that b(i*+ (p air press(re an+ a**ow Vo( to b*ow o(t
co)ponents with a hose. For e6a)p*e2 )anV 'as stations have
co)pressors that Vo( can (seto a++ air to Vo(r tires. Bn*ike
co)presse+ air cans2 a co)pressor wi** never r(n o(t of air.
'mportant ,e caref(* when (sin' air co)pressors
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)in(s 0.8 H !11./ H to 1/.8 H%. f Vo(mre e6periencin' ran+o)
prob*e)s an+ s(spect the power s(pp*V2 Vo( can (se a)(*ti)eter to
)eas(re the vo*ta'es.
#$am %ip
Ba#dom re"tart" ca# a"o i#dicate oter probem" Overeati#/ a#d i#
"ome ca"e" a&t9
memor9 ca# ca&"e a "9"tem to occa"io#a9 re"tart Additio#a94
maicio&" "ot6are
"&c a" a vir&" ca# ca&"e a "9"tem to ra#dom9 re"tart
F"i#/ a m&timeter to veri9 tat
te vota/e" are "tabe ca# eimi#ate te po6er "&pp9 a" a probem
"o&rce
Fi'(re 1-10 shows a )(*ti)eter set to the H settin'. t can
)eas(re both DC an+ AC vo*ta'es bV (sin' this settin'.A++itiona**V2
this is an a(toran'e +i'ita* )(*ti)eter !DMM%2 )ean in' that it can
a(to)atica**V sense the vo*ta'eran'e.
()L%*RAF%
O#OFF FB#C$O# E$REE$ DCAC
B DOI#
((( )))
A
A+%)RA",#-
()L%*RAF%
Fi'(re 1-10Di'ita* )(*ti)eter.
?ess e6pensive )(*ti)eters re(ire Vo( to set the ran'e at the
hi'hest possib*e vo*ta'e to avoi+ +a)a'e. fVo( set it at a *ow
vo*ta'e2 s(ch as 7 H2 an+ then )eas(re 1/ H2 Vo( )i'ht +a)a'e the
)eter.
n Fi'(re 1-102 Vo( can see that the )(*ti)eter has two probes. t
)i'ht not be apparentin the b*ack-an+-white pict(re2 b(t one probe
is re+ an+ one is b*ack. lo( wo(*+ connect the
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b*ack probe to a 'ro(n+ pin of a connector !with a b*ack wire%
an+ connect the re+ probe to the vo*ta'e pin in theconnector. For
e6a)p*e2 if Vo( want to )eas(re 1/ H provi+e+ on a connector2
connect it to the pin with the Ve**owwire. f Vo( want to )eas(re
the 7-H *ine2 connect the re+ probe to the pin with the re+
wire.
*a/tion evere e*ectrica* shock possib*e
Go& ca# mea"&re te vota/e o#9 6e# te po6er i" o# a#d
"&pp9i#/ vota/e to te"9"tem ?eca&"e o ti" 9o& ca# be
expo"ed to vota/e" 6e# tai#/ mea"&reme#t" Go&
"o&d e#"&re tat 9o& do #ot to&c a#9ti#/ 6iti# te
comp&ter except te co##ector
Ti" i#c&de" to&ci#/ compo#e#t" 6it 9o&r a#d" or 6it
te m&timeter probe"
Ihen takin' vo*ta'e )eas(re)ents2 Vo( sho(*+ re)ove jewe*rV. f
the jewe*rV to(ches a )eta* co)ponentthat has vo*ta'e2 itms
possib*e to short it o(t an+ +a)a'e the e(ip)ent. t co(*+ a*so
shock Vo(.
M(*ti)eters can a*so take other )eas(re)ents. ,esi+es vo*ta'e2
the )ost co))on )ea-s(re)ent is a contin(itV check. Ihen the )eter
is set to +o a contin(itV check2 Vo( can to(chthe probes to'ether
an+ the )eter wi** beep2 in+icatin' a contin(o(s connection. lo(
can (sethis settin' to check for a break in a cab*e. lo( to(ch one
probe to the connector on one si+e
of a cab*e2 an+ the other probe to the other si+e. f it beeps2
it in+icates a contin(o(s connec-tion in the cab*e2 in+icatin' that
the cab*e is 'oo+. f it +oesnmt beep2 the cab*e has a breakan+
sho(*+ be rep*ace+.
3o6er
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S(ick Check Answers
1Compre""ed air4 or a comp&ter vac&&m tat doe"#t
/e#erate "tatic eectricit9
2M&timeter
Chapter ())arV
$he three f(nctions of a co)p(ter are inp(t2 processin'2 an+
o(tp(t. $hese are often shortene+ to O.
,inarV n()bers (se on*V ones an+ eros. @e6a+eci)a* n()bers are
create+ fro) fo(r binarV bits an+inc*(+e the characters 0-= an+
A-F. Ei'ht bits )ake (p a bVte.
?ar'e n()bers of bVtes are e6presse+ as T,2 M,2 G,2 an+ $,.
Co)p(ter cases ho(se keV co)p(ter co)ponents2 inc*(+in'
)otherboar+s2 case fans2 an+ powers(pp*ies.
Case fans he*p keep a sVste) coo* bV +rawin' air into the case.
Cases an+ fans often 'et +irtV. $heV canbeco)e (ite *o(+2 an+ the
sVste) can s*ow +own or inter)ittent*V fai*. $he easV so*(tion is
to c*ean the).
Case fans can be rep*ace+. f a fan fai*s2 the sVste) can
overheat2 so the fan sho(*+ be rep*ace+ as soon aspossib*e.
ower s(pp*ies convert co))ercia* AC power to DC vo*ta'es. ower
s(pp*ies are rate+ base+ on the powertheV provi+e2 e6presse+ as
watts !I%. Rep*ace)ent power s(pp*ies nee+ to )eet or e6cee+ the
powerre(ire)ents of the co)p(ter.
D(a* vo*ta'e power s(pp*ies have a switch i+enti&e+ as 117
or /30 to i+entifV theso(rce vo*ta'e. Ens(re that it is set to the
correct vo*ta'e s(pp*ie+ bV co))ercia*power.
A$K-base+ power s(pp*ies provi+e 3.3 H2 7 H2 1/ H2 an+ -1/ H to
sVste) co)ponents thro('h vario(s powerconnectors. $hese vo*ta'es
can be )eas(re+ with a )(*ti)eter or a power s(pp*V tester.
$he 1 power p*(' is the pri)arV power connector for the
)otherboar+ an+ inc*(+es
/0 or /" pins. ManV sVste)s have a secon+arV power p*(' that
inc*(+es "2 82 or > pins. Mo*e6 connectorsprovi+e 7 H an+ 1/ H
to A$A +isk +rives. $he A$A connector pro-
vi+es 3.3 H2 7 H2 an+ 1/ H to A$A +isk +rives. ower to +isk
+rives is provi+e+ via 1/-H rai*s2 an+ +esktop power
s(pp*ies co))on*V have two rai*s b(t can have )ore. f +isk
+rives are fai*in'2 Vo( )i'ht nee+ a power s(pp*V
with an a++itiona* rai*.
Ce connectors (se 8 pins2 > pins2 or 8/ pins.
Chapter ())arV C@A$ER 1 31
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(r'e s(ppressors protect co)ponents a'ainst spikes an+ s(r'es in
power. B sVs-te)s protect sVste)s a'ainst sa's an+ short-ter) power
*osses.
ED +a)a'e can be prevente+ bV (sin' ED wrist straps an+ ED )ats2
an+ bV contro*-
*in' the h()i+itV.
E6tension )a'nets can he*p retrieve screws that canmt nor)a**V
be reache+.Co)presse+ air or specia* antistatic vac(() c*eaners can
be (se+ to c*ean co)p(ters. MD sheets
+oc()ent characteristics abo(t potentia**V haar+o(s )ateria*
(se+ in a work center2 inc*(+in' how to store
an+ +ispose of haar+o(s )ateria*. Ihen *oca* re'(*ations e6ist2
theV take prece+ence.
E*ectrica* &res are C*ass C &res. lo( sho(*+ never (se
water on an e*ectrica* &re. Co)presse+ air is the
preferre+ )etho+ of c*eanin' sVste)s. f a vac(() is (se+2 it
sho(*+ be a specia* antistatic vac(().
M(*ti)eters )eas(re vo*ta'es an+ can check cab*e contin(itV.
ower s(pp*V testers can check vo*ta'eson power s(pp*ies witho(t a
)otherboar+.
Chapter Review
Bse the fo**owin' (estions to test Vo(r know*e+'e of the
infor)ation in this chapter. $he answers to these(estions2 an+ the
e6p*anations of whV each answer choice is correct or incorrect2 are
*ocate+ in the AnswersPsection at the en+ of this chapter.
1 A co)p(ter is )akin' a *ot of noise. Of the fo**owin' choices2
what is the *ike*Vprob*e)
A Fa(*tV )otherboar+
? B, \ash +rive
C ower s(pp*V set to wron' vo*ta'e
D Case fan
2 Another technician or+ere+ a fan for a co)p(ter case. t has
arrive+2 an+ Vo( nee+ toinsta** it. $he ori'ina* fan has been
re)ove+. Ihere sho(*+ Vo( connect the fan powerconnection
AAC o(t*et
? 1 power s(pp*V connector
C Front pane* power
D Motherboar+
3/ CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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H A power s(pp*V fai*e+ after a technician a++e+ so)e har+
+rives to a +esktop co)-p(ter. lo( nee+ to p(rchase an a++itiona*
power s(pp*V. Ihat is a *ike*V power ratin' Vo(m** p(rchase
toens(re that the power s(pp*V +oesnmt fai* a'ain
A 800 I
? 800 H
C 300 I
D /70 H
Ihich of the fo**owin' vo*ta'es are not provi+e+ bV A$K-base+
power s(pp*ies!Choose two.%
A 1/ HDC
? -1/ HDC
C 117 HAC
D 17 HDC
J Mo*e6 connectors provi+e power to +isk +rives fro) A$K-rate+
power s(pp*ies. Ihat
vo*ta'es are s(pp*ie+ thro('h the Mo*e6 connectorA 3.3 H an+ 7
H
? 7 H an+ 1/ H
C 7 H an+ 17 H
D 1/ H an+ 17 H
K A sVste) is no *on'er bootin' to the A$A har+ +rive2 an+ Vo(
s(spect that theA$K-base+ power s(pp*V )i'ht not be provi+in' the
correct vo*ta'es. Ihat vo*ta'es sho(*+ Vo( see onthe A$A power
connector
A 3.3 HDC2 7 HDC2 an+ 1/ HDC
? 3.3 HDC2 1/ HDC2 an+ 17 HDC
C 7 HDC2 1/ HDC2 an+ 17 HDC
D 1/ HDC2 17 HDC2 an+ /" HDC
P Ihich of the fo**owin' can Vo( (se to protect a'ainst power
sa's
A Co))ercia* power
?ower s(pp*V
C B
D MD
Chapter Review C@A$ER 1 33
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8 Ihich of the fo**owin' can protect a'ainst ED +a)a'e !Choose
a** that app*V.%
A ED wrist strap
? Re+(cin' h()i+itV as )(ch as possib*e
C Ens(rin' that co)p(ters are store+ on carpets whenever
possib*e
D ED )at
Q lo( want to verifV that a power s(pp*V is provi+in' proper
vo*ta'es whi*e itms con-necte+ to the 1 connector on the
)otherboar+. Ihat wo(*+ Vo( (se
A (r'e s(ppressor
? M(*ti)eter
C ower strip
D ower s(pp*V tester
10 lo( open a co)p(ter to tro(b*eshoot it an+ notice an
e6cessive a)o(nt of +(st insi+eit. Of the fo**owin' choices2 what
is the best choice to c*ean it
A?int-free c*oth
? Hac(() c*eaner
C G*ass c*eaner
D Co)presse+ air
11 Ihich of the fo**owin' can contrib(te to ED +a)a'e
ACase fans
? Carpet
C $o(chin' the co)p(ter case whi*e workin' on a co)p(ter
D ED )ats
12 After c*eanin' a co)p(ter screen with a c*eanin' co)po(n+2
Vo(r &n'ers start
to +eve*op a rash. Ihat can Vo( (se to (ick*V i+entifV what was
in the c*eanin'co)po(n+
A MD
? nternet
C ?oca* hospita*
D Coworkers
3" CA3TEB 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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Answers
$his section contains the answers to the chapter review (estions
in this chapter.
1 Correct A#"6er5 D
A I#correct5 Ihen )otherboar+s fai*2 theV are not noisV.
? I#correct5 @ar+ +isk +rives so)eti)es )ake a *ot of noise when
theV are fai*in'2b(t not B, \ash +rives.
C I#correct5 f the power s(pp*V is set to the wron' vo*ta'e2 it
)i'ht )ake a sin'*e*o(+ pop when it fai*s2 or not work at a**2 b(t
it wonmt )ake a *ot of noise.
D Correct5 Ihen case fans be'in to fai*2 theV are often noisV.
$heV can a*so be noisVif theV are +irtV.
2 Correct A#"6er5 D
A I#correct5 Case fans +o not 'et power fro) AC o(t*ets.
? I#correct5 $he 1 connector provi+es power to the )otherboar+2
not to fans.
C I#correct5 Front pane*s +o not have power for fans.D Correct5
Fans 'et power fro) a connector on the )otherboar+.
H Correct A#"6er5 A
A Correct5 A 800-I power s(pp*V is co))on in +esktop co)p(ters
an+ is the bestchoice of those 'iven.
? I#correct5 ower s(pp*ies are rate+ in watts2 not vo*ts.
C I#correct5 A 300-I power s(pp*V is on the *ow ran'e fo(n+ with
+esktopco)p(ters. f the ori'ina* fai*e+ after a++in' an a++itiona*
*oa+ with +isk +rives2 a *ar'er power s(pp*Vis nee+e+.
D I#correct5 ower s(pp*ies are rate+ in watts2 not vo*ts.
Correct
A#"6er"5 C2 D
A I#correct5 A$K-base+ power s(pp*ies provi+e 1/ HDC.
? I#correct5 A$K-base+ power s(pp*ies provi+e -1/ HDC. $heV a*so
provi+e 7 HDCan+ 3.3 HDC.
C Correct5 A$K-base+ power s(pp*ies (se AC vo*ta'e as an inp(t
b(t +o not provi+eAC vo*ta'e.
D Correct5 A$K-base+ power s(pp*ies +o not provi+e 17 HDC.
Answers C@A$ER 1 37
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J Correct A#"6er5 ,
A I#correct5 3.3 H is provi+e+ to the )otherboar+ thro('h the
/0-pin or /"-pin 1connector2 b(t not on the Mo*e6 connector.
? Correct5 Mo*e6 connectors s(pp*V 7 H an+ 1/ H fro) the power
s(pp*V to +ierent+rives in a co)p(ter.
C I#correct5 7 H is provi+e+ thro('h both Mo*e6 an+ the 1
)otherboar+ connector2b(t 17 H is not (se+ in A$K power
s(pp*ies.
D I#correct5 1/ H is provi+e+ thro('h both Mo*e6 an+ the 1
)otherboar+ connec-tor2 b(t 17 H is not (se+ in A$K power
s(pp*ies.
K Correct A#"6er5 A
A Correct5 $he correct vo*ta'es on a A$A connector are 3.3 HDC2
7 HDC2 an+ 1/HDC.
? I#correct5 A$K power s(pp*ies +o not provi+e 17 HDC.
C I#correct5 A$K power s(pp*ies +o not provi+e 17 HDC.
D I#correct5 A$K power s(pp*ies +o not provi+e 17 HDC or /"
HDC.
P Correct A#"6er5 C
A I#correct5 A power sa' occ(rs when the co))ercia* power is
*ower than nor)a*2so co))ercia* power +oesnmt protect a'ainst
it.
? I#correct5 ower s(pp*ies convert AC to DC2 b(t theV cannot
protect a'ainst powersa's.
C Correct5 An (ninterr(ptib*e power s(pp*V !B% (ses a batterV
back(p to protecta'ainst power sa's. F*ickerin' *i'hts are an
in+ication of power sa's.
D I#correct5 Materia* afetV Data heets !MDs% provi+e
safetV-re*ate+ infor)ationfor ite)s (se+ within a work
environ)ent.
8 Correct A#"6er"5 A2 DACorrect5 E*ectrostatic +ischar'e !ED%
wrist straps protect a'ainst ED +a)a'e.
? I#correct5 ?ow h()i+itV 'enerates )ore static. +ea**V2
h()i+itV sho(*+ be aro(n+70 percent.
C I#correct5 Carpets 'enerate static easi*V2 so itms best not to
store co)p(ters oncarpets.
D Correct5 ED )ats a*so protect a'ainst ED.
38 C@A$ER 1 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters
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Q Correct A#"6er5 ,
A I#correct5 A s(r'e s(ppressor wi** prevent power spikes fro)
reachin' a co)p(ter2b(t it +oesnmt )eas(re vo*ta'es.
? Correct5 A )(*ti)eter can )eas(re DC vo*ta'es provi+e+ to a
)otherboar+ on the1 connector.
C I#correct5 A power strip provi+es (nprotecte+ power to a
sVste) b(t +oesnmt)eas(re vo*ta'e.
D I#correct5 A power s(pp*V tester can test an (nconnecte+ power
s(pp*V2 b(t it isnmt(se+ for a power s(pp*V p*(''e+ into a
sVste).
10 Correct A#"6er5 D
A I#correct5 ?int-free c*oths are (se+ to c*ean screens b(t
wo(*+ not be (se+ for ane6cessive a)o(nt of +(st.
? I#correct5 An antistatic vac(() c*eaner co(*+ be (se+ b(t a
stan+ar+ vac(()c*eaner can ca(se ED +a)a'e.
C I#correct5 G*ass c*eaner inc*(+es a))onia an+ a*coho*2 which
)i'ht +a)a'e inter-
na* co)ponents.D Correct5 Co)presse+ air wo(*+ be the best
choice for b*owin' o(t the +(st.
11 Correct A#"6er5 ,
A I#correct5 Case fans keep a sVste) coo* b(t +o not contrib(te
to ED +a)a'e.
? Correct5 tatic b(i*+s (p on carpet2 so p*acin' co)p(ters on
carpets can contrib(teto ED +a)a'e.
C I#correct5 $o(chin' the co)p(ter case whi*e workin' on a
co)p(ter he*ps keepVo( at the sa)e potentia* as the co)p(ter an+
re+(ces static b(i*+(p.
D I#correct5 ED )ats re+(ce the potentia* for ED +a)a'e.
12 Correct A#"6er5 A
A Correct5 A Materia* afetV Data heet !MD% +oc()ents
characteristics of )ateri-a*s (se+ within a workp*ace.
? I#correct5 lo( )i'ht be ab*e to &n+ the infor)ation on the
nternet2 b(t an MDsheet sho(*+ be rea+i*V avai*ab*e.
C I#correct5 Me+ica* personne* wi** *ike*V want to know what was
in the c*eanin'co)po(n+2 b(t theV wo(*+nmt know what was (se+.
D I#correct5 Coworkers wo(*+nmt be the best so(rce to i+entifV
the contents2 b(t theVcan retrieve the MD.
Answers C@A$ER 1 3;
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$e)perat(re )onitorin'
Fan spee+s
ntr(sion +etectionnoti&cation
Ho*ta'e
C*ock
,(s spee+ 1./ Dierentiate between )otherboar+ co)ponents2 their
p(rposes2 an+ properties.
"0 CA3TEB 2
ies
A$K
Micro-A$K
$K
E6pansion s*ots
C
C-K
Ce
)iniC
C#R
AG/62 "62 >6 RAM s*ots
CB sockets Chipsets
#orth ,ri+'e
o(th ,ri+'e
CMO batterV
_()pers
Front pane* connectors
B, A(+io
ower b(tton
ower *i'ht
Drive activitV *i'hts
Reset b(tton ,(s
spee+s
Bn+erstan+in' Motherboar+s an+ ,O
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C@A$ER / "1
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Motherboar+s
$he )otherboar+ is the pri)arV circ(it boar+ within a co)p(ter2
an+ it ho*+s severa* keVco)ponents2 inc*(+in' the processor2 ran+o)
access )e)orV !RAM%2 e6pansion s*ots2an+ )ore.
Motherboar+s are create+ bV (sin' for) factors that +e&ne
their sie an+ the co)po-nents on the )otherboar+. i)i*ar*V2 cases
are b(i*t to s(pport one or )ore )otherboar+for) factors. n Chapter
12 ntro+(ction to Co)p(ters2P Fi'(re 1-/ showe+ the insi+e of
aco)p(ter with the )otherboar+ hi'h*i'hte+. n this chapter2 Vo(m**
*earn )ore abo(t thetVpes of )otherboar+s avai*ab*e an+ the
in+ivi+(a* co)ponents on a tVpica* )otherboar+.
Ide#ti9i#/ Moterboard Compo#e#t"A** of the re*evant co)ponents
of a )otherboar+ are presente+ within this chapter. Fi'(re /-1
shows the o(t*ine of a)otherboar+ with severa* keV co)ponents
i+enti&e+. lo( wonmt &n+ a** of these co)ponents on everV
)otherboar+or in e6act*V the sa)e *ocation. @owever2 the &'(re
'ives Vo( an i+ea of co))on co)ponents an+ how to i+entifVthe).
#$am %ip
Le# tai#/ te exam4 9o& "o&d be abe to ide#ti9 diNere#t
compo#e#t" o# te
moterboard ba"ed o# teir "ape Go& "o&d a"o be abe to
ide#ti9 teir p&rpo"e" a#d
propertie"
"/ CA3TEB 2 Bn+erstan+in' Motherboar+s an+ ,O
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Bear o comp&ter
H1
J
CB
PK
