Exam 2 ReviewAstronomy 101 Jeopardy

The Interstellar Medium

Measurement Techniques

The Lives of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

The H-R Diagram

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An astronomer studying newborn stars should search for these star-

forming regions of the ISM.

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• Giant molecular clouds

This type of light is the most easily scattered.

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• Blue Light

Thermal energy causes clumps in giantmolecular clouds to increase their temperature;

this form of energy causes the clumps tocontract in size.

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• Gravitational potential energy

OB Associations produce UV radiation whichcan excite or ionize hydrogen atoms, producing

a reddish glow from these types of nebulae.

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• Emission nebulae

Young stars eject mass into space, creating a solar wind that blows away any

remaining parts of the nebula, during this stage of star formation.

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• T Tauri stage

The color index B-V measures a star's apparent magnitude in these two filters.

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• B = Blue

• V = Visible or Yellow

The distance between Earth and a nearby star can be calculated by

measuring this.

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• Parallax angle

We can use apparent magnitudes whendetermining the age of a star cluster becausewe assume all the stars have this in common.

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• Distance from Earth

A parsec is a unit of distance, and is equivalent to this many light

years.

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• 3.26 light years

If we measure a parallax angle of 1 arcsec for a star that we know is 1 pc away, then we know the baseline for

our measurement must be this.

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1 AU (astronomical unit)

Stars spend about 90% of their lifetimes in this region of the H-R diagram.

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• Main Sequence

While on the main sequence, the coreof a star is undergoing nuclear fusion

which turns hydrogen into this element.

Helium

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This spectral type of star (OBAFGKM)spends the longest amount of time on

the main sequence.

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• M Stars

This balance is reached when the inwardpull of gravity is exactly balanced by

a source of outward pressure.

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Hydrostatic Equilibrium

The stellar classifications scheme(OBAFGKM) was originally based on

the strength of absorption lines producedby this element.

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• Hydrogen

Stars leave the main sequence whenthis process stops in their cores.

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• Hydrogen fusion

Very heavy elements, such as gold, are made when very massive stars

become one of these.

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• Supernova explosion

When a star like the Sun dies and becomes a white dwarf, it will be composed mostly of this element.

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• Carbon

This strange form of pressure prevents awhite dwarf from collapsing into a

neutron star or black hole.

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• Electron degeneracy pressure

The cores of very massive stars never reach a degenerate stage between fusion

cycles; thus, massive stars never experience this (which is common in low

mass stars).

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• Helium Flash

The H-R diagram is used to show the relationship between the temperature

of a star and this.

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• Luminosity

Astronomers use these to trace out a star's evolution on the HR

diagram.

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• Evolutionary tracks

These types of diagrams, which plot apparent magnitudes as a function of

color indices, are really H-R diagrams in disguise.

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Color Magnitude Diagrams

Main sequence stars form (approximately) a diagonal line across an H-R diagram. These

types of objects occupy the lower left region of an H-R diagram (high

temperature, low luminosity).

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White dwarfs

The H-R diagram is named after these two astronomers who

developed it.

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Hertzsprung and Russell

Astronomy Jeopardy Rules

• Get into groups of 4-5 people and select one person to be the team “buzzer.”

• After a question is asked, everyone on a team must agree on the answer.

• When you have the answer, the team “buzzer” who puts his/her hand up fastest will be called on first.

• You must answer in the form of a question! No shouting out answers!

Play Jeopardy!