EWUP TECHNICAL REPORT #71 ,ceU aC- i EWUP TECHNICAL REPORT #71 ,ceU " rd "a IMPACT OF TURNOUT SIZE AND CONDITION ON WATER MANAGEMENT ON FARMS By: Eldon G. Hanson, Mona EI-Kady, EGYRT

C- i

EWUP TECHNICAL REPORT 71

ceU rd a

IMPACT OF TURNOUT SIZE AND CONDITION ON WATER MANAGEMENT ON FARMS

By

Eldon G Hanson Mona EI-Kady Kenneth E Litwiller

and Alan C Early

December 1984

EGYRT WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT PROJECT

22 El Galaa St Bulak Cairo Egypt


By

Eldon G Hanson Mona El-Kady Kenneth E Litwiller

and Alan C Early

EWUP PROJECT TECHNICAL REPORT NO 71

Prepared under support of

WATER DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH INSTITUTE WATER RESEARCH CENTER

MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION GOVERNMENT OF EGYPT

Contracting agencies

Colorado State University Consortium for International Engineering Research Center DevelopmentFt Collins Colorado 80521 5151 E Broadway Ste 1500 USA Tucson Arizona 85711 USA

All reported opinions conclusions or recommendations are those of the writers

and not those of the supporting or contracting agencies

ABSTRACT

The following report describes the legal irrigation turnouts to mesqas and

reviews the design assumptions legal implications and current utility of the existing

methods in Egypt The legal limitations currently imposed upon the turnouts based

on specific site measurements are presented together with the responses from the

Ministry of Irrigation and farmers to the inadequacies of the current turnouts

Data collected from the field sites indicates the necessity of increasing the size

of turnouts in accordance with irrigation demands for the season and crops grown

throughout Egypt The recommended larger capacity turnouts with adjustable gates

irtudes the design modification requirements of modified inlet shapes and provision

for trash guards These larger gated turnouts will require an irrigation technician to

assume the responsibility of the current gatekeeper function and to interface with

the farmers regarding their irrigation scheduling In addition to recommendations

regarding closer management between the irrigation technician and the farmers it

is suggested that training centers be established to assist in the development of

water distribution management methods between the irrigation engineers and the

water users associations

ARABIC ABSTRACT

- Ldl L I p~ i tIi-L- Li ILL L ~I$ WL4L t

- W ) LA 8 4 I J j a~~ J-GJL L y ~ W I diC IJ

L 1L W3-- Lr C-I I d L V

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

English Abstract Arabic Abstract U Table of Contents List of Tables iv List of Figures v Acknowledgements vi

INTRODUCTION

Background Objectives 1

LEGAL TURNOUTS IN EGYPT 3

Description 3 Utility of the Current Legal Turnouts 6

LIMITATIONS OF LEGAL TURNOUTS 7

Legal Rates Less Than Evapotranspiration 7 Excessive Assigned Areas 9 Unfavorable Entrance Conditions 9 Large Turnouts to Irrigate Long Basins 12 Inadequate Operating Head 13

RESPONSES TO LIMITATIONS

Ministry of Irrigation 15 Farmer Responses 17

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 18

RECOMMENDATIONS 19

REFERENCES 21

CONVERSION TABLE 22

LIST OF EWUP REPORTS 23

iii

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE DESCRIPTION PAGE

1 Computed Discharge Rates and Maximum Areas Served by Selected Diameters of Legal Turnouts 5

2 Minimum Irrigation Efficiencies Required for Computed ET in Major Areas of Egypt By Irrigation With LegalTurnouts Delivering 119 mmday in J uly 8

3 Comparison of Peak Month Crop Consumptive Use As Limited By Inadequate Capacity Of Legal Turnouts With Comsumptive Use Requirements in Master Plan 17 by the Ministry of Irrigation (MOI 1981) 10

4 Comparison of Theoretical Water Delivery With Computed Water Delivery Using a Ministry of Irrigation Table of Areas Served by Legal Turnouts 10 m Long 11

5 Inflow to Manshiya Mesga from the Daqalt Canal Between 1530 August 3 and 0630 August 6 1983 14

6 Average Monthly Water Levels in the Meet Yazzeed Canal at the Daqalt Regulator 16

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE DESCRIPT IONS PAGE

I EWUP Site Map 2

2 Typical Turnout for Delivery of Canal Water to Mesqas 4

3 Entrance Loss Coefficient For Conduits 4

V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to express their thanks and appreciation for the

contributions made to this paper by the staff of the Egypt Water Use and

Management Project and to the field teams at Mansuriya Kafr El Sheikh and

El Minya

The Project is funded jointly by the Arab Republic of Egypt and by the

United States Agency for International Development The United States

Agency for International Development in Egypt is under the directorship of

Mr Michael P W Stone Mr John Foster is the United States Agency for

International Development Project Officer for the Egypt Water Use and

Management Project

The Egypt Water Use and Management Project is implemented under the

auspices of the Ministry of Irrigations Water Management and Irrigation

Technologies Research Institute and in collaboration with both the Ministry of

Irrigation and the Ministry of Agriculture through the Soil and Water Research

Institute and the Agriculture Economics Institute which provide the Project

with personnel and services

The Consortium tor International Development with executive offices in

Tucson Arizona is the United States Agency for International Development

Contractor for the Project American Project personnel are drawn from the

faculties of Colorado State University the lead American university taking

part in the Project Oregon State University New Mexico State University

and Montana State University The Project Director is Dr Hassan Wahby and

the Project Technical Director is Dr Eugene Quenemoen Dr E V

Richardson is the Campus Project Coordinator

vi

INTRODUCTION

Background

Legal size criteria for turnouts to mesgas have been established in Egypt based on area served and the operating head Both legally sized and illegally sized turnouts have been observed by the WaterEgypt Use and Management Project (EWUP) at three research sites where pilot programs have been conducted (Figure 1) These sites located at Abu Raya (Lower Egypt EI-Mansuriya (Middle Egypt) and Abyuha (Upper Egypt) are served by the Daqalt Beni Magdul and El-Hammami and Abyuha distributary canals respectively Turnouts as conventionally used in Egypt consist of a circular pipe without a gate and have various inadequacies in irrigation practice The need for changes in legal turnouts was expressed by researchers as early as 192 (El-Kady and Robinson) On the one hand the legal turnouts were too small at Abyuha to deliver the rate of discharge required for gravity operation of the system and to irrigate the newly introduced long furrows and long basins On the other hand the summed capacity of all of the turnouts on a given distributary often exceeded the designed maximum capacity of the canal by 50 100to (EI-Kady and Robinson) These investigators stated that It is hardly surprising that difficulty is often experienced in getting water to the tail of canals and a more equitable means of distribution is obviously desirable

One solution would be to equip the turnouts with gates but this implies the need for trained people to manipulate the gates according to a schedule and farmers who are organized to receive the water and to achieve the desired equity of distribution Altered designs will be particularly important in areas where the further intensification of agriculture will require the mechanization of field operations If this trend continues over the remainder of the century the small basins that are in current use will need to be replaced by long basins and furrows and irrigation management will require further intensification

Objectives

This report has the following objectives

(1) Describe legal turnouts in Egypt review their design assumptions and discuss their current utility

(2) Present some of the limitation of legal turnouts based on specific site measurements and calculations for various field conditions

2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an

Figure 1 Egypt Water Use and Management Project Site Map

3

(3) Discuss the responses to the Ministry of Irrigation and of farmers to the

inadequacies of the current legal turnouts and

(4) Demonstrate the need for larger capacity turnouts with adjustable gates

to accomodate the further intensification of irrigation system

management in the Old Lands of Egypt

LEGAL TURNOUTS IN EGYPT

Description

The current legal turnouts used in Egypt are the structural interface for water

control between the Ministry of Irrigation (MOI) and the farmer water users They

were designed in the early part of this century as ungated circular pipes They have

legal status and are not to be changed without MO permission They were designed

with specific diameters to serve a range of areas with an assumed operating head of

025 meters as shown in Figure 2 This combination of diameter and head was

chosen to supply a volume of water of 50 cubic meters per feddan per day if

operated for 24 hours This fixed volume of water was intended to serve a range of

areas Table I provides a comparison of the ranges of areas served for turnouts of a

specific diameter that are 10 meters long as originally specified by Dupuis in 1902

and as recalculated by Hindmarch and Butcher in 1925 (EI-Kady and Robinson)

Hindmarch and Butcher noted that the original Dupuis areas were too small and

recommended that the areas be increased as shown in column 3 of the Table 1 If

the turnouts were operated 24 hours per day to serve the maximum area in each

diameter category as suggested by Hindmarch and Butcher (upper value in

column 3) the assumed delivery of 50 cubic meters per feddan per on-day is

converted into liters per second in column 4 The discharge rates in column 5 are

computed using the Darcy-Weisbach equation as shown below

Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where

Q = discharge of the pipe in liters per second g = acceleration due to gravity H = head operating on the pipe in meters f = friction factor = 002 from standard references L = length of the pipe in meters D = diameter of pipe in meters and K = entrance coefficient for pipe (from Figure 2)e

4

Figure 2 Typical Turnout for Delivery of Canal Water to Mesgas

KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005

Inward Square Rounded Projecting Entrance Entrance

Figure 3 Entrance Loss Coefficients For Conduits (From US SCS Engineering Handbook Hydraulics Section 5 1951 and Mavis The Hydraulics of Culverts Penn Eng Expt Sta Bull 56 1943)

TABLE I Computed Discharge Rates and Maxinx-n Areas Served By Selected Diameters of Legal Turnouts Assume Water Duty of 50 m3Feddanday which equals 119 mmday

Col I Col 2 Col3 Co14 Col 5 Col 6

Areas Served by Turnouts Computed Rate of Flow Computed Maximum Area I0m long Served Applyling 119mmday

Diameter To Apply With Darcy Weis-With Flow Rates in Col 5

of pipe By Dupuis By Hindmarch 50m3fedday bach friction (D) (feddans) and Butcher on maximum areas factor f=02

(cms) (feddans) in Col 32 and formula a (Zsec) (9sec) (feddans)

100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768

Dr Mona EI-Kady and A R Robinson EWUP Manuscript Improvement of Egyptian Irrigation Outlets April 1981

2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)

3 Q = 1000 D2 2gH 4 F LD +1 + Ke (Rsec) with f = 002 Ke = 065 L= I0m H = 025 m and D = pipe diameter meters

6

The turnout discharge rate computed column 5 using the friction factor value of f = 002 is considered representative of the quality of concrete or tile pipe

currently used in Egypt - An entrance coefficient of Ke = 065 was estimated for the conditions in Figure 2 interpolated midway between the square entrance (Ke =

050) and the inward projecting (K = 078) in Figure 2 If the depth equivalent e(119 millimeters per day) of the volume 50 cubic meters per feddan per day were

applied as assumed and using the discharge rate of column 5 the areas served are predicted in column 6 for comparison to the areas in columns 2 and 3 used by the earlier researchers A simple comparison indicates that the currently available pipe materials have the ability to serve areas from 1 to 23 larger than originally

designed if all of the assumptions are considered valid

Utility of the Current Legal Turnouts The operation of the irrigation system is done on a rotational basis Deliveries

during the summer cropping season are generally based on a two-turn rotation (4 days on and 4 days off or 7 days on and 7 days off) and on a three-turn rotation during the winter cropping (4 days on and 8 days off or 7 days on and 14 days off) Farmers are generally well informed about their turn during the on-period The main utility of the current system of turnouts without gates is the simplicity of operations Without gates there is no need for a ditch rider or irrigation technician

to adjust discharges according to a predetermined schedule The person who operates the headgates of distributaries and regulators along distributaries is the gatekeeper who merely adjusts the gate at the beginning of the on-period and closes it at the end of the on-period 4 to 7 days later as well as adjusting the flow

at the regulators

During the on-period the water flows from the distributary canals through the ungated turnouts into mesqas day and night even though irrigation is not generally practiced at night A considerable part of the water flows unused to the drains which has amounted to as much as 50 of the water released for irrigation (TR 47 EWUP) The currently used system of management is simple minimizes the personnel requirement for managing water to the mesoa but comes at the cost of

considerable quantities of wasted water

- Personal communication with W 0 Ree retired director of the USDA Hydraulics Laboratory The original f and K assumptions are not currently known to the authors e

7

LIMITAI IONS OF LEGAL TURNOUTS

Legal Rates Less Than Evapotranspiration Calculations based on measured rates of crop water requirements have

indicated that the current rates of delivery are less than actual evapotranspiration without adjustment for losses in conveyance or application Using actual calculated evapotranspiration rates as a fraction of the potential evapotranspiration for lower middle and upper Egypt as presented by the Ministry of irrigations (MOI) Water Master Plan (1981) continuous supply of water at the rate of 119 millimeters per day would provide adequate water if on-farm irrigation efficiencies ranged from 45 to 67 as shown in Table 2 These are calculated for the month of July as the peak period of evaporative demand The problem is however that the system does not deliver water continuously but is operated in a two-turn rotation during this period Therefore it receives only half of that amount of 595 millimeters per day Note that this would provide a sufficient quantity of water for an assumed 89 on-farm irrigation efficiency only in lower Egypt and that the amount of available water is not sufficient to meet actual evapotranspiration in middle or upper Egypt This is not possible even with 24 hour per day irrigation and continuous delivery in the distributary

Water measurements on conventional unlevel basins in Abu Raya have shown that it is difficult to obtain on-farm efficiencies greater than 50 on vertisols and using unlined channels (IR 41 EWUP) Assuming that this efficiency applies in irrigating 49 feddans the maximum area assigned to a 175 centimeter turnout the effective depth of water that could be delivered 24 hours per day with continuous flow in the canal would be 595 millimeters per day adequate for only lower Egypt if the area were 35 feddans as the minimum for a 175 centimeter turnout the effective depth delivered 24 hours per day would be 834 millimeters per day adequate for all areas of Egypt as shown in Table 2 However if a two-turn rotation and daylight hour irrigation are used the quantity of water that can be stored for the range of 35 to 49 fuddans would not be adequate anywhere in Egypt for the month of July Similar cases can be made for all turnout sizes

On-farm improvements can lead to higher on-farm efficiencies (Ley etal 1984) of 50 for the conventional practices and 75 for the conditions of precision leveled fields and lined channels are assumed A comparison of the resultant stored water for the two efficiencies is shown in Table 3 The two-turn rotation would result in 298 millimeters per day for conventional practices at 50 efficiency and

8

TABLE 2 Minimum Irrigation Efficiencies Required For Computed ETin Major Areas of Egypt By Irrigation With Legal TurnoutsDelivering 119 mmday in July

Evapotranspiration ET (Peak Month July)

Area Irrigation Efficiency

Potential ETo _ Computed ET Percent (Average) mmday

Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67

I MOI 1981 (See References) 2 Mona EI-Kady and Eldon G Hanson El-Hammami Irrigation System

and Actions for Improvement EWUP Manuscript Report July 1983

3 TR 46 (See References)

4 ET for Upper Egypt computed by extrapolation using Middle Egypt El and the ratio of Elo for Upper Egypt to ETo for Middle Egypt Thus 674(906) 764 = 799 mmday

Computed by dividing ET mmday by 119 mmday

9

446 millimeters per day for improved practices These quantities of equivalent daily available water are contrasted with the actual daily quantities of evapotranspiration for cotton corn sugar cane and sorghum in upper middle and lower Egypt The quotient of water available to water required under 50 assumed efficiency ranges from 031 to 052 With on-farm improvements the ratios are only marginally improved to 045 to 078 for the range of crops considered

These limitations of evapotranspiration due to constrained turnout flow rates will apply to those areas where the water table is low when the water lost due to seepage and percolation materially contributes to a shallow water table substantial quantities of upward flow under capillary pressure gradients will add to the quantity of water stored in the soil to supply evapotranspiration needs Measurements of daytime versus nighttime rates of water table recession at Raya andAbu Beni Magdul indicate that as much as one-half of the crop water requirements may be supplied by the water table (TR 61 EWUP)

Excessive Assigned Areas

Areas assigned to legal turnouts of specified diameters as currently used by the MOI are showing in Table 4 These areas are comparable to those of both Dupuit and Hindmarch and Butcher in Table I For example the maximum area served by the 60 centimeter diameter in Table I is 760 feddans while in current practice the value is listed as 876 feddans an increase of 15 Using the Darcy-Weisbach equation for pipe flow with f = 002 and Ke = 065 for the maximum areas for each diameter the computed delivery depth varies from 101 to 117 millimeters per day These values are up to 14 short of the theoretical daily rate of 119 millimeters per day The trend has been for the areas assigned to given turnout sizes to be increased from early in this century to the present date

Unfavorable Entrance Conditions

With an entrance coefficient of Ke = 065 the f - factor would have to be less than zero for the turnout diameters larger than 35 centimeters in Table 4 to deliver 119 millimeters per day Even if the square edged entrance conditions prevail with K = 050e the diameters larger than 65 centimeters would require frictionless pipe to deliver the legal quantity of water to the areas shown in Table 4 Entrance conditions observed in field installations have ranged from inward projecting to rounded entrance shown in Figure 2

TABLE 3 Comparison Of Peak Month Crop Consumptive Use As Limited By Inadequate Capacity Of Legal Trunouts With

Consumptive Use Requirements Published in Master Plan 17 by the Ministry of Irrigation (MOI 1981)

Water for Consumptive Use Consumptive Use of Crops During July Crops Range of Ratios of Water

Area provided by Legal Turnouts as published by the Ministry of Irrigation Deliveries by Legal Turnouts

of during Two-Turn Rotation with in Wdrer Master Plan Techincal Report 17 to Consumptive Use for Crops

Egypt Irrigation Efficiencies Eif by Irrigation Efficiencies

I Col I Col 2 Col3 Col 4 Col 5 Col 6 Col 7 Col 8

Eif = 75 Eif = 50 Cotton Corn Sugar Cane Sorghum Ei = 75 Ei = 50

mnday mmday mmday mmday nmday mmday percent percent

UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11

TABLE 4 Comparison of Theoretical 1Water Delivery with Computed Water Delivery Using a Ministry of Irrigation Table of Areas Served by Legal Turnouts 10 m Long

Pipe Area Computed Delivery Theoretical Delivery Diameter Served Delivery Shortage

(D) Depth Flow Rate Depth

cms Feddans sec 2 mmday mmday percent

10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12

Based on an operating head of 025 m at the turnout discharging 50 m 3 feddanday which equals a depth of 119 mmday

2 Kamal Ezz El-Din and Ahmed Dardir (with support of Kafr El-Sheikh Team) Survey of Outlets on Daqalt Canal Downstream on Helal Regulator Abu Raya Kafr EI-Sheikh Egypt Water Use and Management Project Ministry of Irrigation Egypt December 1980 Unpublished

Q = 1000 lTD2 VgH 4F LD +I+ Ke(Wsec) with f =002 Ke=O65 L = 10 m H = 025 m and D = pipe diameter meters

12

Another factor that influences the entrance conditions and unfavorably influences the flow is the accumulation of trash at the inlet of the turnout The accumulation of plant materials and branches could cause the entrance coefficient to exceed 10 and has the marked effect of reducing the flow available to the mesga

Favorable entrance conditions would include the rounded entrance condition that is shown in Figure 2 For the configuration the entrance coefficient drops to as low as K e - 005 which would increase the flow rate 19 for pipe of 050 meter diameter 10 meter length f = 002 and assumed operating head of 025 meter The addition of the standard self-cleaning type of trash guards on the inlets of legal turnouts would minimize the problem of trash impeding the flow

Large Turnouts to Irrigate Long Basins Measurements at EWUP Project Sites have shown that flow rates into basins

100 meters long should be 25 liter per second per meter of basin width for the efficient application of the Vertisol clay soils Larger flow rates would be required for longer basins and for sandier soils (IR 41 EWUP) With the introduction of 10 meter by 100 meter basins a practical size for modern tillage and harvesting machinery the required inflow would be 25 liters per second at the field inlet and increased to compensate for conveyance losses back to the head of the mesga Allowing for between 20 and 40 conveyance loss in the marwa andor mesga back to the mesqa turnout (TRs 35 41 61 EWUP) would increase the requirement to between 30 and 35 liters per second As can be seen in Table 1 the 20 125 and 15 centimeter diameters would not provide sufficient discharge to irrigate even a single long basin efficiently Therefore the use of long basins would in effect dictate the minimum size of turnout to a small mesca For the larger turnouts the number of long basins that could be simultaneously irrigated would depend on the number of times that 30 liters per second can be divided into the turnout discharge rate Simultaneous irrigation of several long basins implies the need for an intermediate level of rotational schedule along the various reaches of the mesQa as well as the lowest level of rotation among the farmers who share a farm turnout from the mesqa or saqoj lifting point Both the intermediate and lowest levels of rotation are within the highest level of rotation which is determined by the on-period and off-priod rotation

13

At Beni Magdul the original Mesga 10 was replaced by an elevated watercourse to use a single point lift at the head of the esga and gravity delivery (IR 22

EWUP) The design discharge was 636 liters per second to serve 57 feddans of 11 liters

per second per feddan Likewise the El-Hammami Pipeline was designed with a peak discharge capacity of 760 liters per second to serve 776 feddans of 10 liters per second per feddan (TR 21 EWUP) These rates were based on irrigation schedules of 16 hours per day for long basins and are nearly twice the rate for the current legal turnouts

Experience of the EWUP Project has shown that the flow rates provided by legal turnouts are adaptable to small basin irrigation only If modern irrigation methods are to be used for the intensification of agriculture in the Old Lands of Egypt irrigation flcw rates currently available from turnoutslegal must change dramatically

Inadequate Operating Head The assumed operating head of 025 meters is not always available throughout

the system and through time As an example a summary of a continuous flow record from a water stage recorder in the Daqalt Canal and the Manshiya Mesga at Abu Raya is shown in Table 5 At no time during the period of record did the operating head reach as high as 025 meters The range of head was 0045 to 0186 meter during the 263 day period This low head situation is the rule rather than the exception from all the records taken during the EWUP Project This mesoa serves 2465 feddans and receives water from a 40 centimeter diameter turnout which is the legal size for 237 to 317 feddans (Table 2) The volume of water received during this period was 31334 cubic meters equivalent 115 millimeters daily or nearly 97 of the theoretical amount If the turnout had served 237 feddans it would have received just 119 millimeters per day the theoretical requirement For 316 feddans the depth would have been 90 millimeters per day or only 75 of the theoretical requirement

The influence of the farmers irrigation practices on the operating head is shown in Table 4 Farmers commenced irrigation early in the morning after the overnight flow had filled channel storage Farmers withdrew water until they finished their field until pumping lifts became excessive for the _sagias or until the channel storage was depleted operating head the turnout wasThe on the lowest when the irrigation began and the highest around noon or early afternoon to evening

14

TABLE 5 Inflow to Manshiya Hesqa from the Daqalt Canal Between 1530 August 3 and 0630 August 6 1983 (Area Served by the Mesga was 2465 feddans)

Date Relative Time of Head Loss in Rate of Inflow Volume of Inflow

Water Surface Day Turnout mn2 1 From Canal to During Time 3 3

Levels High Mesqa msec- Periods m

or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753

TOTAL TIME 263 days Total 31334

High and Low Water-Surface Levels in the Canal and Mesqa occurred almost

simultaneously

2 Size of Turnout Diamtrer D = 04m Length L = 10 m

3 Q 10007 D2 12gH4 FLD +1 +Ke Zsec with f =002 Ke=065 L = 1mand D = 04 m

H = the operating head loss as measured in meters

15

when irrigation was stopped These data were taken in the month of August which is not the peak period of irrigation demand Serious problems of water delivery do occur in peak demand periods when operating head is reduced to less than the assumed levw

The Abyuha Distributary System was renovated to raise the operating level in the Abyuha Canal and the mesgas to provide gravity irrigation to all the service area (TR 46 EWUP) The mesqas were redesigned with efficient cross-sections and without channel storage to minimize the land taken from production This redesign used minimum rates of flow that are required for irrigating long basins as discussed earlier In no case was 025 meters of operating head available for the turnouts to the mesgas To satisfy these design requirements for long basins turnout diameters and areas irrigated were radically adjusted The turnout diameters ranged from 20 centimeters for areas of 2 to 5 feddans up to 70 centimeters for areas of 65 to 84 feddans The corresponding flow rates were approximately 23 liters per second per feddan as compared to 058 for legal turnouts All turnouts were designed to have gates and operation of the system is predicted on the development and adoption of joint management of t e system by an Irrigation Technician representing the MO[ and the Water Users Association of Abyuha representing the farmers (TR59 EWUP) This pilot effort using joint management principles will start once the system rehabilitation is completed


Ministry of Irrigation During periods of high irrigation demand as for rice crops in June and July

the Ministry of Irrigation (MOI) delivers extra water to raise the water level in the Meet Yazeed Canal serving the Daqalt Distributary (Table 6) The increase from May to July is approximately 034 meter while the head increase in the Daqalt is estimated to reach only 020 meter At the turnouts to mesgas this head increase is possibly further depleted to less than 020 because of the backwater effect of higher water levels in the mesgas Using the Darcy-Weisbach equation with a 20 meter head increase from 025 to 045 on the turnout would increase the discharge byapproximately 34 from the theoretical discharge This would partially compensatefor the shortages discussed earlier The MOI also responds to farmer requestschanneled through their elected representatives that ultimately reach the district engineer These requests often are answered through extensions of the on-period which may cause some disadvantage to another part of the system

16

TABLE 6 Average Monthly Water Levels in the Meet Yazzeed Canal at the Daqalt Regulator

Month 1978 1979 1980

Jan 282 275 Feb 284 292 295 Mar 316 307 303 Apr 319 302 305 May 312 305 J une 330 339 J uly 346 Aug 336 Sept 320 Oct 304 289 Nov 293 282 Dec 296 297

Average 314 (Excludes January Closure Period)

I W 0 Ree TDY Report January 5 1983 from EWUP Files at Kafr EI-Sheikh

17

Farmer Responses

Given the fluctuations in head and discharge that can and do occur in the irrigation delivery system and the minimal control and management that is exerted the Irrigation System in the Old Lands appears to function remarkably well as evidenced by the high cropping intensity and yields and the appearance of the crops in the fields Some of the simplicity previously described has been offset by the farmers requests for extensions of the on-period In other cases as at El-Mansuriya shortages have not been remedied and farmers have continued cultivation only by pumping from groundwater In other cases farmers have pumped from drains to irrigate Irrigation beyond the normal daylight hours is only practiced when daylight deliveries are insufficient to meet demands Whereas the MOI assumes 24 hours continuous irrigation the fact that farmers dont practice this represents an important form of flexibility that helps to meet peak needs and alleviate the effects of turnouts that are too small

Farmer have adjusted to the small delivery rates through the current turnouts by using small basins These small basins also are a response to land that is not precisely level and allow a shallower depth of water to cover a given field shorter advance times and uniform applications that are reasonably efficient The higher

application efficiency is somewhat offset by the lower on-farm conveyance efficiencies in the extensive network of farm channels (marwas) The use of small basins is however labor intensive both in irrigation time as well as in the field preparation for irrigation As discussed earlier if cropping is to further intensify in the Old Lands of Egypt time will be saved in the cropping calendar using more farm machinery for tillage planting and harvesting if the field sizes increase Under those circumstances irrigation practices will tend toward long basins and furrows (TR 41 EWUP)

Farmers at the tail ends of canals and mesgas generally have more problems in water deliveries Some farmers have less favorable topographic position and are forced to lift water with sa ias or pumps while others such as at Abyuha have a mixture of lift and gravity delivery conditions Farmers have made illegal turnout installations due to inadequate flow rates through legal turnouts as a results of insufficient operating head undersized turnouts and trash accumulations plus the preference to irrigate only in the daylight hours These have been in the form of extra turnouts or the enlarging of the existing turnouts Along the Daqalt Canal 72 percent of the mesgas had illegal turnouts In EI-Hammami there were three times as many illegal turnouts as there were legal sizes (TR 1 EWUP) In Beni Magdul

there were 61 turnouts instead of the 25 allowed

18

Farmers throughout the world basically want stability and reliability in their

irrigation flows This results in their tendency to increase the size and number of

turnouts and is their natural response to unstable and unreliable flows This form of

illegal or unauthorized behavior has been documented in many nations In most

cases the irrigation bureaucracy has ignored the extra turnouts or has tended to

relieve the pressure for more water by authorizing the extra or enlarged

installations as long as there is ample water available Inappropriately sized and

ungated turnouts are a significant constraint to modern irrigation in may countries

and Egypt is no exception

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The legal turnouts of Egypt are ungated circular pipes designed to deliver 50

cubic meters of water per feddan per day during on-periods in the rotation (usually

50 of the time in the summer and 33 of the time in the winter) This rate of

delivery during on-periods results in a flow rate of 058 liter per second per feddan

(595 millimeter per day) in the summer and 019 liters per second per feddan (397

millimeter per day) in the winter cropping season

The specific sizes were assumed to serve a range of areas with an assumed

operating head of 025 meters which is rarely achieved The areas that they are to

serve have been increased over this century The system of ungated turnouts is

useful in its simplicity and low personnel requirement but the system is not self

adjusting to water shortages and has numerous shortcomings

Rates of water delivery through legal turnouts are shown to be too low for the

crops that are iormally grown in the Old Lands of Egypt The available operating

head rarely is as large as the magnitude assumed by the designers This tends to

cause the areas assigned to a particular turnout to be too large Unfavorable

entrance conditions and the accumulation of trash on the inlet tend to also limit the

amount of discharge of the legal turnouts Farmers prefer to irrigate only in the

daytime a trend which further exacerbates the problem of shortage

The impact of undersized turnouts and small flow rates on farm water

management is manifested partially by the small basins that farmers use although

their small size is also a response to a lack of precision leveling Further

intensification of agriculture in the Old Lands of Egypt will most likely require

larger field sizes to accomodate harvesting machinery Precison leveled fields with

19

10 by 100 meter basins require a minimum flow rate of 25 liters per second at the field inlet or between 30 and 35 liters per second at the mesoa turnout for efficient

irrigation of the Vertisol clays

The MOI generally responds to increased irrigation demands with added flow

increased operating head and extension of on-periods Farmers respond to unreliable and unstable flows by making illegal installations of extra turnouts and

enlarged turnouts Farmers use other sources of water under certain circumstances and the water table compensates for some water shortage to meet

evapotranspiration demands when close to the surface as demonstrated at Abu Raya

and Beni Magdul

Areas with gravity flow under low available head as demonstrated at Abyuha

will require gated turnouts with a capacity of up to 23 liters per second per feddan

The presence of the gates will require an irrigation technician to manipulate the

deliveries in close harmony with a water users association representing the interests

of the farmers

Areas with lift irrigation will require gated turnouts with capacity of up to 11

liters per second per feddan These areas will continue to have substantial in

channel storage and the gates will require adjustment according to the irrigation

demands In both cases of gravity and lift irrigation modern irrigation methods and

the use of long furrows and long basins will require a systematized irrigation

rotation schedule irrigation technicians and water user associations to optimize the

use of water to feed future generations

RECOMMENDATIONS

I The Ministry of Irrigation should give appropriate attention to the issue of

increasing the size of turnouts in accordance with the irrigation demands for the season and crops grown in upper middle and lower Egypt The issue of

increasing the size has the related issue of shape of inlet section provision for

trash guards and the addition of gates for positive water control

2 The provision of larger turnouts with gates implies the need for an

irrigation technician to assume the responsibility of the current gatekeeper

function and to interface with the farmers in implementing agreed-upon

irrigation schedules by manipulating the mescla gates

20

3 The provision of larger turnouts with gates implies the need for simple

tools for the development of appropriate irrigation schedules This implied the

need for an irrigation engineer under the authority of the district engineer to

develop these schedules and to supervise the irrigation technician in the

implementation of those schedules

4 The principle of joint management of the distributary system implies the

transfer of water from the irrigation technician at the distributary level to the

group of organized farmers would take the form of a water users association

The organization of farmers for this purpose takes time and great effort if the

organization is to be sufficiently strong to handle the management functions of

water delivery monitoring maintenance as well as the administrative functions

of water control Substantial efforts will be required along this line in the near

future if Egypt is to further modernize irrigation practices in the Old Lands

5 The modernization of irrigation which calls for the intensification of

personnel in the management of irrigation from the irrigation engineer to the

irrigation technician to the leadership and membership of the water users

association will require substantial training input Training centers for each of

these types of clients will be needed along with the permanent training staff

and budget to conduct experiencial training to make these personnel effective

implements of the modernization and intensification of irrigated agriculture in

Egypt

21

REFERENCES

MOI 1981 Consumptive Use of Water by Major Field Crops in Egypt Water Master Plan TR 17 Ministry of Irrigation 1981

TR I Problem Identification Report for Mansuriya Study Area October 1977 to October 1978 Egyptian and American Field Team EWUP 1979

TR 9 Irrigation and Production of Rice in Abu Raya Kafr EI-Sheikh Governorate Kafr EI-Sheikh Team as Compiled by T W Ley and R L Tinsley EWUP 1983

TR 21 EI-Hammami Pipeline Design Fort Collins Staff Team EWUP 1983

TR 22 The Hydraulic Design of Mesga 10 An Egyptian Irrigation Canal W 0 Ree M EI-Kady J Wolfe and W Fahim EWUP 1982

TR 41 The Influence of Farm Irrigation System Design and Precision Land Leveling on Irrigation Efficiency and Irrigation Water Management T W Ley M El-Kady K Litwiller E Hanson W S Braunworth A EI-Falaky and E Wafik EWUP

TR 46 Hydraulic Design of a Canal System for Gravity Irrigation T K Gates W 0 Ree M Helal and A Nasr EWUP

TR 47 Water Budgets for Irrigated Regions in Egypt M Helal A Nasr M Ibrahim T K Gates W 0 Ree and M Semaika EWUP

TR 57 Infiltration STudies on Egyptian Vertisols Ken Litwiller R L TinsleyH Deweeb and T Ley EWUP

TR6i The Relation Between Irrigation Water Management and High Water lables in Egypt K Litwiller M El-Kady T K Gates and E Hanson EWUP

22

AMERICAN EQUIVALENTS OF EGYPTIAN ARABIC TERMS AND MEASURES COMMONLY USED

IN IRRIGATION WORK

LAND AREA IN SQ METERS IN ACRES IN FEDDANS IN HECTARES I acre 4046856 1000 0963 0405 I feddan 4200833 1038 1000 0420 1 hectare (ha) 10000000 2471 2380 1000 I sq kilometer 100 x 10 247105 238048 100000 I sq mile 259 x 10 640000 616400 259000

WATER MEASUREMENTS FEDDAN-CM ACRE-FEET ACRE-INCHES 1 billion m 23809000000 810710000 1000 m 23809 0811 9728 1000 m 3 Feddan 23809 0781 9372

(= 238 mm rainfall) 420 m Feddan 1000 0328 3936

(= 100 mm rainfall) OTHER CONVERSION METRIC US 1 ardab 198 liters 562 bushels I ardabfeddan 541 bushelsacreI kfeddan 212 lbacreI donkey load lO0 kg 1 camel load 250 kg I donkey load of manure = 01 m3

1 camel load of manure 025 m3

EGYPTIAN UNITS OF FIELD CROPS CROP EG UNIT IN KG iN LBS IN BUSHELS

Lentils ardab 1600 35242 587 Clover ardab 1570 34581 576 Broad beans ardab 1550 34141 610 Wheat ardab 1500 33040 551 Maize Sorghum ardab 1400 30837 551 Barley ardab 1200 26432 551 Cottonseed ardab 1200 26432 826 Sesame ardab 1200 26432 Groundnut ardab 750 16520 751 Rice dariba 9450 208150 4626 Chick-peas ardab 1500 33040 lupine ardab 1500 33040 Linseed ardab 1220 26872 Fenugreek ardab 1550 34141 Cotton (unginned) metric gintar 1575 34692 Cotton (lint or ginned) metric gintar 500 11013

EGYPTIAN FARMING AND IRRIGATION TERMS fara = branch marwa = small distributer irrigation ditch masraf = field drain mesga = small canal feeding from 10 to 40 farms Qirat = cf English karat A land measure of 124 feddan 17503 m2

garia = village sahm = 124th of a qirat 729 m2

saiia = animal powered water wheel sarf = drain (vb) or drainage See also masraf (n)

23

EGYPT WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT PROJ FCT

PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE

PTR1 Problem Identification Report for Mansuriya Study Area 1077 to 1078

PTR2 Preliminary Soil Survey Report

El-Hammami Areas

PTR3 Preliminary Evaluation of Mansuriya Canal System Giza Governorate Egypt

PTR4 On-farm Irrigation Practices in Mansuriya District Egypt

PTR5 Economic Costs of Water Shortage Along Branch Canals

PTR6 Problem Identification Report For Kafr EI-Sheikh Study Area

PTR7 A Procedure for Evaluating the Cost of Lifting Water for Irrigation in Egypt

PTRB Farm Record Summary and Analysis for Study Cases at Abu Raya and Mansuriya Sites 19781979

PTR9 Irrigation amp Production of Rice in Abu Raya Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

PTR10 Soil Fertility Survey in Kafr El-Sheikh El Mansuriya and EI-Minya Sites

PTR11 IKafr El-Sheikh Farm Management Survey Crop Enterprise Budgets and Profitability Analysis

PTR12 Use of Feasibility Studies and Evaluation of Irrigation Projects Procedures for Analysing Alternative Water Distribution System in Egypt

REPORTS

AUTHOR

Egyptian and American Field Teams

A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg

American and Egyptian Field Teams

M El-Kady W Clyma amp M Abu-Zeid

A El Shinnawi M Skold amp M Nasr


H Wahby G Quenemoen amp M Helal

F Abdel Al amp M Skold

Kafr El-Sheikh Team as Compiled by T W Ley amp R L Tinsley

M Zanati P N Soltanpour ATA Mostafa amp A Keleg

M Haider amp F Abdel Al

R J McConnen F Abdel Al M Skold G Ayad amp E Sorial

24

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR13 The Role of Rural Sociologists J Layton and in an Interdisciplinary M Sallam Action-Oriented Project An Egyptian Case Study

PT R14 Administering an Interdisciplinary J B Mayfield amp Project Some Fundamental Assumptions M Naguib Upon Which to Build

PTRl5 Village Bank Loans to Egyptian G Ayad M Skold Farmers amp M Quenemoen

PTR 16A Irrigation System Improvement J Mohan Reddy amp By Simulation and Optimization W Clyma 1 Theory

PTR16B Irrigation System Improvement 3 Mohan Reddy amp By Simulation and Optimization W Clyma 1 Application

PTR17 Optimal Design of Border Irrigation 3 Mohan Reddy amp System W Clyma

PTR18 Population Growth and Development M Sallam in Egypt Farmers and Rural EC Knop amp Development Officials SA Knop Perspectives

PTR19 Rural Development and Effective M S Sallam Extension Strategies Farmers and E C Knop amp Officials Views S A Knop

PTR20 The Rotation Water Distribution M EI-Kady System vs The Continual Flow J Wolfe amp Water Distribution System H Wahby

PTR21 El-Hammami Pipeline Design Fort Collins Staff Team

PTR22 The Hydraulic Design of Mesca 10 WO Ree An Egyptian Irrigation Canal M El-Kady

J Wolfe amp W Fahim

PTR23 Farm Record Summary and Analysis F Abdel Al for Study Cases at Abyuha amp M Skold Mansuriya and Abu Raya Sites 7980

PTR24 Agricultural Pests aad Their E Attalla Control General Concepts

PTR25 Problem Identification Report R Brooks amp E Nielsen for El-Minya

25

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR26 Social Dimensions of Egyptian Irrigation Patterns

EC Knop M Sallam SA Knop amp M EI-Kady

PTR27 Alternative Approaches in Extension and Rural Development Work An Analysis of Differing Perspective In Egypt

M Sallam amp E C Knop

PTR28 Economic Evaluation of Wheat Trials at Abyuha EI-Minya Governorate 7980-8081

N K Farag E Sorial amp M Awad

PTR29 Irrigation Practices Reported by EWUP Farm Record Keepers

F Abdel Al M Skold amp D Martella

PTR30 The Role of Farm Records in the EWUP Project

F Abdel Al amp D Martella

PTR31 Analysis of Farm Management Data From Abyuha Project Site

E Sorial M Skold R Rehnberg amp F Abdel Al

PTR32 (DWP)

Accessibility of EWUP Pilot Sites A El-Kayal S Saleh A Bayoumi amp R L Tinsley

PTR33 Soil Survey Report for Abyuha Area Minya Governorate

A A Selim M A El-Nahal amp M H Assal

PTR34 Soil Survey Report for Abu Raya Area Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

A A Selim M A EI-Nahal M A Assal amp F Hawela

PTR35 Farm Irrigation System Design Kafr EI-Sheikh Egypt

Kafr El-Sheikh Team as compiled by T W Ley

PTR36 Discharge and Mechanical Efficiency of Egyptian Water-Lifting Wheels

R Slack H Wahby W Clyma amp D K Sunada

PTR37 Allocative Efficiency and Equity of Alternative Methods of Charging for Irrigation Water A Case Study in Egypt

R Bowen and R A Young

PTR38 Precision Land Leveling On Abu Raya Farms Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Egypt

EWUP Kafr El-Sheikh Team as ce ipiled by T W Leyshy

PTR39 On-Farm Irrigation Practices for Winter Crops at Abu Raya

A F Metawie N L Adams amp T A Tawfic

26

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR40 A Procedure For Evaluation Crop Growth Environments For Optimal Drain Design

D S Durnford E V Richardson amp T H Podmore

PTR41 The Influence of Farm Irrigation System Design and Precision Land Leveling on Irrigation Efficiency and Irrigation Water Management

T W Ley M El-Kady

K Litwiller E Hanson W S Braunworth A El-Falaky amp E Wafik

PTR42 (DWP)

Mesga Renovation Report N Illsley amp A Baybumi

PTR43 Planning Irrigation Improvements in Egypt The Impact of Policies and Prices on Farm Income and Resource Use

M Haider amp M Skold

PTR44 Conjunctive Water Use - The State of the Art and Potential for Egypt

V H Scott amp A EI-Falaky

PTR45 Irrigation Practices of EWUP Study Abyuha and Abu Raya Sites for 1979-1980 1980-1981 1981-1982

F Abdel Al D Martella amp R L Tinsley

PTR46 Hydraulic Design of a Canal System For Gravity Irrigation

T K Gates W 0 Ree M Helal amp A Nasr

PTR47 Water Budgets for Irrigated Regions in Egypt

M Helal A Nasr M Ibrahim T K Gates W 0 Ree amp M Semaika

PTR48 A Method for Evaluating and Revising Irrigation Rotations

R L Tinsley A Ismail amp M EI-Kady

PTR49 Farming System of Egypt With Special Reference to EWUP Project Sites

G Fawzy M Skold amp F Abdel Al

PTR50 Farming System Economic Analysis of EWUP Study Cases

F Abdel Al D Martella amp D W Lybecker

PTR51 Structural Specifications and Construction of a Canal System for Gravity Irrigation

W R Gwinn T K Gates A Raouf E Wafik amp E Nielsen

PTR52 Status of Zinc in the Soils of Project Sites

M Abdel Naim

PTR53 Crop Management Studies by EWUP M Abdel Naim

PTR54 Criteria for Determining Desirable Irrigation Frequencies and Requirements and Comparisons with Conventional Frequencies and Amounts Measured In EWUP

M EI-Kady 3 Wolfe amp M Semaika

27

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR55 Design and Evaluation of Water Delivery T K Gates J Andrew System Improvement Alternatives 3 Ruff D Martella

3 Layton M Helal amp A Nasr

PTR56 Egyptian Canal Lining Techniques and M El-Kady H Wahby Economic Analysis 3 Andrew

PTR57 Infiltration Studies on Egyptian K Litwiller R L TinsleyVertisols H Deweeb amp T W Ley

PTR58 Cotton Field Trials Summer 1980 Kafr EI-Sheikh Team as (DWP) Abu Raya compiled by M Awad amp

A EI-Kayal

PTR59 Management Plan for a Distributary A Saber E Wafik Canal System T K Gates amp 3 Layton

PTR60 Hydraulic Conductivity and Vertical 3 W Warner T K Gates Leakage in the Clay-Silt Layer of the W Fahim M Ibrahim Nile Alluvium in Egypt M Awad amp T W Ley

PTR61 The Relation Between Irrigation Water K Litwiller M El-Kady Management and High Water Tables in 1 K Gates amp E Hanson Egypt

PTR62 Water Quality of Irrigation Canals A El-Falaky amp V H Scott Drains and Groundwater in Mansuriya Kafr EI-Sheikh and EI-Minya Project Sites

PTR63 Watercourse Improvement Evaluation R McConnen E Sorial (Mesqa 26 and Mesga 10) G Fawzy

PTR64 Influence of Soil Properties on Irrigation ATA Moustafa amp Management in Egypt R L Tinsley

PTR65 Experiences in Developing Water Users J Layton and Sociology Associations Team

PTR66 The Irrigation Advisory Service A 3 Layton and Sociology Proposed Organization for Improving Team On-Farm Irrigation Management in Egypt

PTR67 Sociological Evaluation of the On-Farm J Layton A EI-Attar Irrigation Practices Introduced in Kafr H Hussein S Kamal amp El-Sheikh A El-Masry

PTR68 Developing Local Farmer Organizations 3 B Mayfield amp M Naguib A Theoretical Procedure

PTR69 The Administrative and Social 3 B Miyfield amp M Naguib Environment of the Farmers in an Egyptian Village

28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)

Factors Affecting the Ability of Farmers to Effectively Irrigate A Case Study of the Mansuriya Mesqa Kafr El-Sheikh

M Naguib amp JLayton

PTR71 Impact of Turnout Size and Condition on Water Management on Farms

E Hanson M El-Kady amp K Litwiller

PTR72 Baseline Data for Improvement of a Distributary Canal System

ltEzz El Din K Litwiller amp Kafr El-Sheikh Team

PTR73 Considerations of Various Soil Properties For The Irrigation Management of Vertisols

C W Honeycutt amp R DHeil

PTR74

PTR5

Farmerss Irrigation Practices in EI-Hammami Sands

Abyuha Farm Record Summary

1979-1983

T A Tawfic amp R JTinsley

EWUP Field Team

PTR76 Kafr El Sheikh Farm Record Summary EWUP Field Team

PTR77 El Hammami Farm Record Summary amp Analysis


PTR78 Beni Magdul Farm Record Summary EWUP Field Team

PTR79 Analysis of Low Lift Irrigation Pumping

H R Horsey E V Richardson M Skold amp D K Sunada

29

EGYPT WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT PROJECT MANUALS

NO TITLE

MANl Trapezoidal Flumes for the Egypt Water Use Project

MAN2 Programs for the HP Computer Model 9825 for EWUP Operations

MAN5 Precison L-and Leveling Data Analysis Program for HP9825 Desktop Calculator

MAN8 Thirty Steps to Precision Land Leveling

MAN9 Alphabetical List of Some Crops and Plants with Their English Egyptian Botanical amp Arabic Names and Vocabulary of Agricultural and other Terms Commonly Used

MAN10 EWUP Farm Record System

AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson

By M Helal D Sunada 3 Loftis M Quenemoen W Ree R McConnen R King A Nazr and R Stalford

T W Ley

A Bayoumi S Boctor amp N Dimick

G Ayad

Farouk Abdel Al David R Martella and Gamal Ayad

TO ACQUIRE REPORTS LISTED IN THE ATTACHED PLEASE WRITE TO

EGYPT WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT PROJECT COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER FORT COLLINS COLORADO 80523

Reports available at nominal cost plus postage and handling

In Progress DWP - Not to be published used as Draft Working Paper Only

EGYRT WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT PROJECT

22 El Galaa St Bulak Cairo Egypt


By

Eldon G Hanson Mona El-Kady Kenneth E Litwiller

and Alan C Early

EWUP PROJECT TECHNICAL REPORT NO 71

Prepared under support of

WATER DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH INSTITUTE WATER RESEARCH CENTER

MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION GOVERNMENT OF EGYPT

Contracting agencies

Colorado State University Consortium for International Engineering Research Center DevelopmentFt Collins Colorado 80521 5151 E Broadway Ste 1500 USA Tucson Arizona 85711 USA

All reported opinions conclusions or recommendations are those of the writers

and not those of the supporting or contracting agencies

ABSTRACT

















ARABIC ABSTRACT




TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE


INTRODUCTION









RECOMMENDATIONS 19

REFERENCES 21

CONVERSION TABLE 22


iii

LIST OF TABLES








iv

LIST OF FIGURES


I EWUP Site Map 2



V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS




El Minya






Management Project















vi

INTRODUCTION

Background



Objectives




2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







ABSTRACT

















ARABIC ABSTRACT




TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE


INTRODUCTION









RECOMMENDATIONS 19

REFERENCES 21

CONVERSION TABLE 22


iii

LIST OF TABLES








iv

LIST OF FIGURES


I EWUP Site Map 2



V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS




El Minya






Management Project















vi

INTRODUCTION

Background



Objectives




2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







ARABIC ABSTRACT




TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE


INTRODUCTION









RECOMMENDATIONS 19

REFERENCES 21

CONVERSION TABLE 22


iii

LIST OF TABLES








iv

LIST OF FIGURES


I EWUP Site Map 2



V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS




El Minya






Management Project















vi

INTRODUCTION

Background



Objectives




2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE


INTRODUCTION









RECOMMENDATIONS 19

REFERENCES 21

CONVERSION TABLE 22


iii

LIST OF TABLES








iv

LIST OF FIGURES


I EWUP Site Map 2



V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS




El Minya






Management Project















vi

INTRODUCTION

Background



Objectives




2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







LIST OF TABLES








iv

LIST OF FIGURES


I EWUP Site Map 2



V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS




El Minya






Management Project















vi

INTRODUCTION

Background



Objectives




2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







LIST OF FIGURES


I EWUP Site Map 2



V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS




El Minya






Management Project















vi

INTRODUCTION

Background



Objectives




2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS




El Minya






Management Project















vi

INTRODUCTION

Background



Objectives




2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







INTRODUCTION

Background



Objectives




2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







2

Alexandria -eik I

PrSinaiKaf r

Mansuriya Peninsula

SSuez

M

El Mininai

n EWUP Field Sites

(not to scale)

swFu 1gt tA an


3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







3







Description



















Q = 1O000TD 42-4 LID+ +K e

where


4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







4


KC=078 Kc=O50 1 00 5= z- 5--- 020 010 bull I 0 D gt020 005









100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad













100 0-10 0-13 75 91 16 125 11-20 14-22 127 151 26 150 21-30 23-34 197 227 39 175 31-45 35-49 284 319 55 200 46-65 50-67 388 427 74 225 66-85 68-88 509 553 96 250 86-110 89-1Il 642 694 120 275 111-135 112-138 799 853 147 300 136-165 139-167 966 1028 178 350 166-235 168-236 1366 1429 247 400 236-315 237-316 1829 1898 328 450 316-405 317-406 2350 2434 421 500 406-510 407-513 2969 3037 525 550 511-625 514-630 3646 3708 641 600 626-760 631-760 4398 4446 768


2 Q = 05787 x Area ( 2sec)


6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







6









at the regulators




7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







7






8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







8





Lower 678 5322 45

Middle 764 674-3 57

Upper 906 7994 67






9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







9
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad
















UPPER 446 298 762 770 978 616 45 to 72 31 to 49

MIDDLE 446 298 703 726 657 - 61 to 68 41 to 45

LOWER 446 298 570 651 - 69 to 78 46 to 52

11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







11





10 16 91 1173 119 1 125 28 151 1110 119 7 15 44 227 1062 119 11 175 62 319 1060 119 11 20 85 427 1037 119 13 225 112 553 1018 119 13 25 139 694 1031 119 13 275 173 853 1017 119 14 30 207 1028 1025 119 14 35 289 1429 1020 119 14 40 383 1898 1022 119 14 45 489 2434 1027 119 14 50 609 3037 1029 119 14 55 732 3708 1045 119 12 60 876 4446 1047 119 12 65 1036 5252 1042 119 12 70 1205 6126 1046 119 12 75 1400 7067 1038 119 12 80 1590 8075 1048 119 12 85 1807 9152 1042 119 12 90 2034 10296 1041 119 12 95 2281 11508 1038 119 12 100 2523 12790 1045 119 12




12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







12





13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







13








14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







14





or Lowl

Aug3 High 1530 150 1470 Low 1945 186 1637 2337

Aug4 High 0530 093 1158 4905 Low 1237 170 1565 4468

High 1507 109 1253 253

Low 1952 134 1389 2259

Aug5 High 0531 123 1331 4774 Low 1015 157 1504 2364

High 1545 158 1509 2983

Low 1915 165 1542 2197

Aug6 High 0630 045 0805 4753



simultaneously




15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







15






16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







16


Month 1978 1979 1980




17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







17

Farmer Responses






18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







18


































19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







19







and Beni Magdul





of the farmers








RECOMMENDATIONS









20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







20





















Egypt

21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







21

REFERENCES











22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







22


IN IRRIGATION WORK











23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







23


PROJECT TECHNICAL

NO TITLE



El-Hammami Areas











REPORTS

AUTHOR


A D Dotzenko

Wahed amp A M Keleg











24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







24

NO TITLE AUTHOR












J Wolfe amp W Fahim




25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







25

NO TITLE AUTHOR













PTR32 (DWP)
















26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







26

NO TITLE AUTHOR




T W Ley M El-Kady


PTR42 (DWP)





















M Abdel Naim




27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







27

NO TITLE AUTHOR






A EI-Kayal












28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







28

NO TITLE AUTHOR

PTR70 (DWP)









PTR74

PTR5



1979-1983


EWUP Field Team







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







29


NO TITLE







AUTI IOR

By A R Robinson


T W Ley


G Ayad







Documents

EWUP TECHNICAL REPORT #71 ,ceU aC- i EWUP TECHNICAL REPORT #71 ,ceU " rd "a IMPACT OF TURNOUT SIZE AND CONDITION ON WATER MANAGEMENT ON FARMS By: Eldon G. Hanson, Mona EI-Kady, EGYRT