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Evolution of Urban Rail Signaling System Technology in China
Mr. Dongjie LiTraffic Control Technology Co., Ltd.
July-2019
CONTENTSOverview of China Rail Transit Development01Evolution of Signaling System Technology of TCT02
«01 Overview of China Rail Transit Development
Overview of China Rail Transit DevelopmentWe are experiencing a rapid development stage
«
The first rail transit line in
ChinaBeijing Subway Line 1 built in July, 1965 and
opened in January, 1971, with 10.7km.
132 urban rail lines
83% adopt CBTC system, with operation mileage
4354.30km
6000km
By 2020, the total operation mileage
will be up to 6000km.
1969 2018 2020
«02 Evolution of Signaling System Technology of TCT
Evolution of Signaling System product of TCT
40 years R&D of signaling system
Single equipmentCab-signaling
ProductATP
Signaling SystemLCF-300LCF-200LCF-100
Rail transitTrans-disciplinary
Multi-fieldLCF-500LCF-400
1980 Cab-signal Based on SBC
1985 Test in Tianjin
1990"Eighth Five Year Plan" Project-Overspeedprotection
1993 SJ-93 communication deviceRailway test
1996 Urban rail R&D
1998 LCF-100 through appraisal
2004 CBTC R&DSubject communication device
LCF-200 Passenger dedicated Railway
2008 STM CBTC Pilot plant test2002-09 LCF-100 Beijing BaTong Line 1
2019 Intelligent rail transportation system2018 Interoperable Fully automatic operation system
Cloud Platform for urban rail systems2017 Train Intelligent Detection System2016 Vehicle-vehicle communication based Train
control system LTE based DCS system
2015 Interoperable signalling system for network2014 Fully automatic operation2011 Train operation centred Integrated automation2009 Information security
TCT provides signaling system or products for 43 lines, about 1780 KM in 23 major cities (18 lines already in service)
1959Equipped with cab signalling
The different cab signaling cannot be compatible with each other
because block systems varied on different lines.
First Generation System1980
Beijing JiaoTong University developed multi-mode compatible Generic cab
signaling firstly in 1980, which became the first generation on-board signaling
system.
Generic Cab SignallingFirst Generation of cab signaling
system
«
LCF-100 on-board ATP product
The first set of ATP on-boardequipment used to replace theimported product is applied totrack circuit based system ;
«
Beijing Batong Line
Beijing Circle Line
Dalin Rapid Rail
Beijing Line 1
200 sets applied since 1998, with safe and
reliable operation for more than 20 years;
CBTC-optimum automatic train control systemWith rapid growth in density, speed and passenger flow, the communication based moving block system (CBTC) is the optimum automatic train control system. (CBTC-Communications Based Train Control)
Communication based moving block
DTG system based on digital track circuit
Fixed block system based on analogtrack circuit
The train tracking interval can be up to 90s, which is easy for system extension and upgrade.
The train tracking interval is over 2 minutes, which is not easy for system extension and upgrade.
The tracking interval is over 3 minutes, which is not easy for system extension and upgrade.
1
Vital computer platform developed
based on model
2
Automatic Train protection and operation optimization control
technology based on Best practice
3
Multimode train-wayside communication integrated
and high reliability transmission technology
LCF-300 CBTC ProductFixed block system based on analog track circuit: the tracking interval is more than 3min DTG system based on digital track circuit: the tracking interval is more than 2min 。
Solution: TCT has mastered the key technology and developed the CBTC system independently:High speed, short headway, three-level control, automatic operation, high riding comfort and easy for system expansion and upgrading.
Old system:Not easy for system expansion and upgrading
LCF-300 CBTC Product
« IEEE 1474 for CBTC;
IEC standards for safety:
IEC 62278,
IEC62279, IEC 62245,
IEC62280; IEC62290;
CENELEC : EN50126,
EN50128,EN50129
ATS: Automatic train supervision system
ATS: at control center and station
DCS: Backbone data communication wired system
CI: Computer based interlocking system
Wayside equipmentSemaphoreRailroad switchAxle counterAutomatic parking transponder
Platform protectionPlatform screen doorFlood gateEmergency stop button
Wayside ATO/ATP (Zone controller ZC + database storage unit
DSU)
DCS: Train-wayside wireless communication system
On-board ATP + on-board ATO
MSS: Maintenance
support system
1
Existing linked
process automated,
automation level
enhanced;
2
Further Improve RAMS,
and reduce the failure rate;
3
Reallocate the
responsibilities of driver,
form a new operation
mode.
Fully automatic operation (FAO) systemThe FAO system developed based on CBTC achievements greatly improves the system automation and operation service quality.
Key functions of FAO system
车辆系统概况
Staff protection
Vehicle sleep/wake
Full-automatic washing
Rain and snow mode
Skip and Benchmarking
Obstacle/derail testing
Creeping model
Fully Automatic Operation System
The system adds fully automatic
operation functions based on its
original systems, which is compatible
with CBTC and back-up mode
functions.
Improve the urban rail
operation safety and
efficiency;
Improve RAMS;
Improve operation emergency
handling capability;
Enhance automation level
(GoA-4)and reduce labor
intensity.
Features
advantages
Full redundancy redundant BTM and gateways, etc
Optimized safety protection Protection for staff,passengers, obstacles and emergency;
More OCC functionsRemote PA, remote Emergency brake, emergency calling, CCTV, PIS;
Automation and deep integration deep integration of ISCS and ATS
FAO Features
LTE(4G) technology applied for DCS of FAO signaling
system-carry signaling, PIS, TCMS data.
FAO System
The FAO system is applied to Beijing Yanfang Line opened on
Dec. 30, 2017. Other FAO projects are under
construction such as Beijing New Airport Link, Line 17, line 19,
Wuhan metro L5, Nanning Metro Line 5 and Jinan Line R2.
Requirement for passenger "through"; Requirement for network operation; Requirement for resource sharing;
Independent Interoperable I-CBTC Solution for Network OperationIndependent interoperable I-CBTC solution realizes "overline and same line operation";The signaling equipment of different manufacturers are interoperable, which can improve the line and equipment utilization. China Association of Metros released Specifications for Interoperable CBTC system in September 2018.
Uniform dispatch
and command
Uniform data
source
CBTC level overline
switching
Independent Interoperable I-CBTC Solution for Network
Operation
The independent interoperable I-CBTC solution is applied to the
four lines including Line 4, Line 5, Line 10 and Loop Line and realizes
network operation;
Urumqi, Qingdao and Guiyang also promote rail transit interoperability actively.
«Network Operation
Operational requirement
The intercity railway network connect with high-speed rail
The inner-city rapid rail network connect with intercity trains
CTCS2+CBTC On-board Equipment
Target System
Realizes non-stop switching by compatible with the CTCS-2 + ATO line and CBTC line
CTCS-2区域 共管区域 CBTC区域
调度中心CTC
VCC1 DT VCC1 I/O
联锁GSM-R GSM-R列控中心
临时限速TSR通信控制
CCS
信号安全网
调度数据网
VCC1 DT
VCC1 DT
VCC1 I/O
VCC1 I/O
Wifi Wifi
VCC1 DT VCC1 I/O区域控制器
非安全控制模块
服务模块
安全控制模块
应答器车载查询器
健康管理模块
非安全控制模块
服务模块
安全控制模块
应答器车载查询器
健康管理模块
头尾两端通信线
联锁车站CTC
TCR
GSM-RWLAN/LTE
«Urban rail transit<120km/h
Inner-city rapid rail 120-160km/h
Intercity railway 160-200km/h
High-speed rail >200km/h
On-board Signaling System Compatible with DTG and CBTC
Operational requirement:DTG system high fault rate high maintenance cost long maintenance period;Insufficient in technical support and no spare parts;
«
Beijing Metro Line 5
Target System: One set of train born equipement
is compatible with both track circuit and CBTC line ;
Be applicable to old system upgrading and resignaling;
Realize lines interoperability
« A set of on-board core signaling
equipment
On-board WirelessBTMEN transponder
Track circuitTrack circuit decodingUSA standard transponder
Existing line resignalling solution:
Compatible with existing system
Only one set of train-borne
Reduce the train-borne failure rate
Smooth Transition to CBTC
Reduce the construction
period
Investment reduced
Step 1Collect line data to
make E-map database
Step 2Replace old train-borne but keep compatible with track
circuit
Step 3Replace old CI & ATS but keep compatible
with old system
Step 4Other system
installation & T&C
Step 5Smooth Transition
to CBTC
Based on these requirement, TCT proposed a two-system solution:
vehicle-trackside safety information transmission Based on TD-LTE .
Heavy haul railway moving block system
«
Operational requirement: Heavy haul railway Different train formation and
10000-ton trainsets; System can't meet
Transportation requirements;
Target System: Suitable for heavy haul railway; High safety and density
tracking control improve transport capacity;
CBTC applied to Shuohuang railway
Heavy haul railway location technique based on multiple sensors
Applicable for heavy haul train control model with multiple formations and locomotives
Train integrity inspection based train tail equipment information infusion
Turnoutm, section
Route, signal
CBI RBC
Wind pressure collection,Beidou positioning
active positioning, over speed protection
MA calculation
Route command
TSR Server
CTC
Speed restriction command
Yard info
Train tail
Speed restriction
status Train location
Movement authority(MA)
The heavy haul railway moving block system is applied to Shuohuangrailway, shortens the train tracking interval (from 11 mins to 7.3 mins)andimprove transport capacity.Applicable to the upgrading and transformation of heavy haul railway project.
Heavy haul railway moving block systemCBTC applied to Shuohuang railway
New
Satellite positioning and image identification
Compatible with CBTC lines; Multi-scenario
obstacle identification
Multi-vehicle resource allocation
Vehicle-vehicle communication based train control
system(VBTC)
Now
«Traditional system : A large number of
trackside equipment; Complex communication
connection and data control;
Target system:: Take on-board as the core control
equipment; Trackside equipment is only at OCC; Vehicle-vehicle direct communication,
simple logic, less equipment and easy to maintain
VBTC system
VBTC system will be used for the resignalling of CBTC lines in Beijing. It does not rely on the trackside equipment, so project complexity will be reduced.VBTC system will be tested on HK Disney line soon.
TIDS uses visual
sensors and radar
equipment to sense the
environment, provides
safety protection for
train operation 。
Detect the Train, Signal, Turnout, other obstacles,and
gives alarms based on preset tracking distance.
TIDS(Train
Intelligent
Detection System)
Obstacles distance
Signal, Turnout indicator
E-map
Speed indicator
Speed limit
Highly intelligent algorithm technology
Track area recognition technology based on convolutional neural network;
Multi-object recognition technology based on deep learning: trains, switches and other obstacles.
Small object recognition technology based on adaptive edge detection: realize signal recognition.
Simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)technology: Autonomous train positioning and navigation
Train Slef-control/dispatching
Minimized recourse
Shorter intervalVery simple and Low
maintenanceHigh RAMS &
Implementation rate
FAO Functions
Multiple system link
driverless(GOA3/4)
Crossline operation
I-CBTCFunctions
Unified interfaces
Automaticdispatching
CBTCFunctions
ATO(GOA2)
Overspeedprotection
Route protectionDistance/speed
profile Semi-moving block functionmulti-step speed control Fixed block
functions
Fixed block
Semi-movingsystem
CBTC
I-CBTC
FAO
VBTC
Overseas China
1G
2G
3G
4G
5G
3.5G
• From single system to multiplesystem safety
• More Intelligent and efficient
The development of operation control systems has been roughly divided into five generations. TCT conquered the third generation of CBTC in 2010. Subsequent 3.5th and 4th generations technology have been applied to demonstration projects. The key technologies of the 5th generation have also started research.
Singapore NE line opened in 2003, 10 years earlier
Interoperable CBTC in Paris & NY is 5 years later than China
Same pace with overseas
CBTC
I-CBTC
FAO
VBTC
Same pace with overseas
Trend of metro signaling technology development
Thanks for Your
Attention!