Evolution of storage devices

Evolution of Storage Evolution of Storage DevicesDevices

Hyo Seung YangSeptember12, 2011NURSP 2275

Objectives: Learn history of data storage devices for computer. Identify characteristics of each storage device. Understand relationship between networks and storage media. Learn roles of data storage media in healthcare information system.

1) Punched Cards1890 - Herman Hollerith applied the punched card idea to tabulating US Census data. - Punched cards were originated from textile looms of the 1800s.

Until 1950s- They were used for data storage and input, when IBM began building general-purpose computers . - The standard 80-column punch card stored one character per column, about 70 bytes of data (10 million cards produce about 670MB of data).

As late as 2002, IBM was still researching punch card technology, in the form of a system capable of storing 25 million pages of data on a surface the size of a postage stamp.

Image1. Punched Card(Source: PCWorld.com)

Edwards,B. (2010, February 7). From Paper Tape to Data Sticks: The Evolution of Removable Storage. PCWorld. Retrieved September 11, 2011, from http://www.pcworld.com/article/188661/from_paper_tape_to_data_sticks_the_evolution_of_removable_storage.html

History of Storage Devices

http://www.pcworld.com/article/188661/from_paper_tape_to_data_sticks_the_evolution_of_removable_storage.html

2)Magnetic Tape1951- UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I), the first commercial computer, used magnetic tape for data storage. - It made from a thin strip of nickel- plated copper. - It was capable of storing a lot more data than punch cards. - It could achieve transfer rates of up to 7,200 characters per second.

1952- IBM introduced plastic tape covered in ferromagnetic material for data storage.

1970s and 1980s- It became the standard data storage medium for computers.

Even today, magnetic tape cassettes are still the last word in cheap, reliable, bulk storage.

Image2. Magnetic Tape(Source: PCWorld.com)



3)Hard Disk Drive1956- IBM introduced the first hard disk drive- IBM Model 350 Disk File.

1980- IBM 3380 could store 2.52 GB - It was the size of a refrigerator, weighed 550 pounds (250 kg), and the price was from $81,000 to $142,400.

Image3. IBM Model 350, the first hard disk drive. (Source: Pingdom.com)

Image4. A 250 MB hard disk drive from1979(left), The IBM 3380 from 1980, the first gigabyte-capacity hard disk drive (right). (Source: Pingdom.com)

- It was a 1.5-meter cube.-It had 50 24-inch discs with a total storage capacity of 5 million characters ( 5 MB), or the equivalent of 64,000 punch cards.

The physical characteristics of hard drives have basically remained the same ever since.Edwards,B. (2010, February 7). From Paper Tape to Data Sticks: The Evolution of Removable Storage. PCWorld. Retrieved September 11, 2011, from http://www.pcworld.com/article/188661/from_paper_tape_to_data_sticks_the_evolution_of_removable_storage.htmlRoyal Pingdom. (2008, April 8). The history of computer data storage, in pictures. Retrived September 11, 2011 from http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/08/the-history-of-computer-data-storage-in-pictures/


http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/08/the-history-of-computer-data-storage-in-pictures/

http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/08/the-history-of-computer-data-storage-in-pictures/

4) Floppy Disk

- It was 8-inch flexible disks coated with a magnetic material and permanently encased in a plastic sheath.

- It was faster, cheaper, and more space-efficient than stacks of punch cards.

1971- IBM invented a portable, cheap-to-produce, and reliable storage medium; the first commercial floppy disk.

1976- Alan Shugart, the floppy's co-inventor, created a new 5.25-inch floppy drive for personal computers.

1981- Sony invented 3.5-inch floppy format and it became marketplace dominance.

Image 5. Floppy Disks (Source: PCWorld.com)

Anthony,S. (2011, August 3). The history of computer storage. ExtremeTech. Retriveed September11 2011. From http://www.extremetech.com/computinEdwards,B. (2010, February 7). From Paper Tape to Data Sticks: The Evolution of Removable Storage. PCWorld. Retrieved September 11, 2011, from http://www.pcworld.com/article/188661/from_paper_tape_to_data_sticks_the_evolution_of_removable_storage.htmlg/90156-the-history-of-computer-storage-slideshow/7

http://www.extremetech.com/computin


http://www.extremetech.com/computing/90156-the-history-of-computer-storage-slideshow/7

5)Optical Disks: CDs or DVDs1982- The compact disc (CD), which originated as a digital audio storage medium, emerged from a joint Sony/Philips project. - The standard CDs: A diameter of 120mm, hold 74 minutes of

audio. - Less expensive and hold more data than magnetic storage media. - CDs come in several forms, read only memory( CD- ROM, 1985),

rewritable (CD-RW, 1996); hold 700 MB of data.

Late 1990s- Optical media got cheaper, this form of storage replaced floppies.

1995- Digital video disk (DVD): New generation of optical disc storage. -Bigger and faster CD (about 25 times more capacity per disk) for cinema-like video, better-than-CD audio, still photos, and computer data.

Anthony,S. (2011, August 3). The history of computer storage. ExtremeTech. Retriveed September11 2011. From http://www.extremetech.com/computing/90156-the-history-of-computer-storage-slideshow/7 Edwards,B. (2010, February 7). From Paper Tape to Data Sticks: The Evolution of Removable Storage. PCWorld. Retrieved September 11, 2011, from http://www.pcworld.com/article/188661/from_paper_tape_to_data_sticks_the_evolution_of_removable_storage.htmlWager,A.K,., Lee, W.I., Glaser,P.J, (2009). Health Care Information Systems: A Practical Approach for Health Care Management.

6)Flash Memory- In early 1980s, Toshiba invented the first

flash memory chip.( But the technology didn't gain popularity until the digital camera and PDA boom of the late 1990s.

- Available in many forms, from flash cards for designed early handheld PC to PC Card sizes to Compact Flash, Smart Media, Secure Digital, Memory Stick, xD Picture Card, and more.

- Flash storage is popular because it is completely solid-state with no moving parts.

- Capacities started at 2MB; today they can hold 128GB.

Image 6. Flash Cards.(Source: PCWorld.com)


7)USB (Universal Serial Bus) Connection1998- USB Flash Drives are also known as pen

drives, thumb drives, or USB sticks; small, lightweight , convenient( plug- and – play operation),and removable data storage device.

- They hold lots of data and get cheaper every year.

Image 7. USB Flash Drivers (Source: PCWorld.com)

Network Communication- Local area networks and the Internet have been

replacing removable media; Removable media has already become outdated.

- Network of wires and electronic signals takes care of the transfer; rarely need to copy data to external media and move it physically to another computer.

- A quick e-mail message can carry a file around the world.

Image 8. Linksys.(Source: PCWorld.com)


Healthcare System and Data Storage

Two types of basic storage media:1) Sequential Storage: Data are stored one record after another in some

logical order(i.e., patient identification number or date) - Magnetic tape is the most common medium for sequential storage; Inexpensive, archival storage medium for storing large amounts of

backup data, but slow retrieval. 2) Direct Access Storage: allows data access without first going through previously stored data (i.e. magnetic disks, floppy disks)

Wager,A.K,., Lee, W.I., Glaser,P.J, (2009). Health Care Information Systems: A Practical Approach for Health Care Management.

: Healthcare information system requires extensive data storage.: Critical data should be backed up regularly, and frequently archived for permanent storage.

Newer types of storage media: Optical disks(CDs, DVDs, Optical Tape)

- Allow users to read, write, edit, delete data

References

Anthony,S. (2011, August 3). The history of computer storage. ExtremeTech. Retriveed September11 2011. From http://www.extremetech.com/computing/90156-the- history-of-computer-storage-slideshow/7 Edwards,B. (2010, February 7). From Paper Tape to Data Sticks: The Evolution of Removable Storage. PCWorld. Retrieved September 11, 2011, from http://www.pcworld.com/article/188661/from_paper_tape_to_data_sticks_the_evolution_of_removable_storage.htmlRoyal Pingdom. (2008, April 8). The history of computer data storage, in pictures. Retrieved September 11, 2011 from http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/08/the- history-of-computer-data-storage-in-picturesWager, A.K,., Lee, W.I., Glaser, P.J, (2009). Health Care Information

Systems: A Practical

Approach for Health Care Management. (2nd ed.) San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

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Evolution of storage devices